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Yang ZH, Shi CH, Zhou LN, Li YS, Yang J, Liu YT, Mao CY, Luo HY, Xu GW, Xu YM. Metabolic Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways and Potential Biomarkers of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 31316347 PMCID: PMC6611058 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), is a rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene. In the present study, we performed a global metabolomic analysis to identify pathogenic biochemical pathways and novel biomarkers implicated in SCA3 patients. Metabolic profiling of serum samples from 13 preclinical SCA3 patients, 13 symptomatic SCA3 patients, and 15 healthy controls were mapped using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The symptomatic SCA3 patients showed a metabolic profile significantly distinct from those of the preclinical SCA3 patients and healthy controls. The principal differential metabolites were involved in the amino acid (AA) metabolism and fatty acid metabolism pathways. In addition, four candidate serum biomarkers, FFA 16:1 (palmitoleic acid), FFA 18:3 (linolenic acid), L-Proline and L-Tryptophan, were selected to discriminate between symptomatic SCA3 patients and healthy controls by receiver operator curve analysis with an area under the curve of 0.979. Our study demonstrates that symptomatic SCA3 patients present distinct metabolic profiles with perturbed AA metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, and FFA 16:1, FFA 18:3, L-Proline and L-Tryptophan are identified as potential disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Navarro JA, Ohmann E, Sanchez D, Botella JA, Liebisch G, Moltó MD, Ganfornina MD, Schmitz G, Schneuwly S. Altered lipid metabolism in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2828-40. [PMID: 20460268 PMCID: PMC7108586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of autosomal recessive ataxia caused by a deficit in the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Although demyelination is a common symptom in FRDA patients, no multicellular model has yet been developed to study the involvement of glial cells in FRDA. Using the recently established RNAi lines for targeted suppression of frataxin in Drosophila, we were able to study the effects of general versus glial-specific frataxin downregulation. In particular, we wanted to study the interplay between lowered frataxin content, lipid accumulation and peroxidation and the consequences of these effects on the sensitivity to oxidative stress and fly fitness. Interestingly, ubiquitous frataxin reduction leads to an increase in fatty acids catalyzing an enhancement of lipid peroxidation levels, elevating the intracellular toxic potential. Specific loss of frataxin in glial cells triggers a similar phenotype which can be visualized by accumulating lipid droplets in glial cells. This phenotype is associated with a reduced lifespan, an increased sensitivity to oxidative insult, neurodegenerative effects and a serious impairment of locomotor activity. These symptoms fit very well with our observation of an increase in intracellular toxicity by lipid peroxides. Interestingly, co-expression of a Drosophila apolipoprotein D ortholog (glial lazarillo) has a strong protective effect in our frataxin models, mainly by controlling the level of lipid peroxidation. Our results clearly support a strong involvement of glial cells and lipid peroxidation in the generation of FRDA-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ohmann
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. Botella
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - María D. Moltó
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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