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Li Y, Ye Y, Rihan N, Zhu B, Jiang Q, Liu X, Zhao Y, Che X. Polystyrene nanoplastics induce lipid metabolism disorder and alter fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167616. [PMID: 37832676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoplastics (NPs) on environmental pollution and aquatic organisms has gradually attracted attention, but there are relatively few reports of the effects of NPs on the lipid metabolism of crustaceans. In this study, we exposed Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to different concentrations of polystyrene NPs (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L) for 28 days. We then evaluated the effects of NP exposure on metabolite content, histology, lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity, and gene expression. Our results showed that with increasing NPs concentrations and exposure time, (1) the crude protein and crude fat content decreased and fatty acid composition changed; (2) the tissue structure was destroyed and the number of lipid droplets increased in the hepatopancreas; (3) the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, pyruvate kinase and low-density lipoprotein content tended to decrease and that of lipase and high-density lipoprotein content first increased and then decreased; the content of triglycerides and total carbohydrate first decreased and then increased; (4) the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (Fas, SREBP, and FAD), fatty acid transport-related genes (FATP, FABP, and ACBP), and fatty acid decomposition-related genes (Ampk and lip1) first increased and then decreased. These results indicate that exposure to NPs can cause physiological disorders of fat metabolism in L.vannamei and that high concentrations of NPs have a negative impact on lipid metabolism. These results of this study provide valuable ecotoxicological data for better interpretation of the mechanism of action of NPs in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Na Rihan
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Sun D, Luo G, Zhang Q, Wang M, Yang T, Wang Y, Pang J. Sub-chronic exposure to hexaconazole affects the lipid metabolism of rats through mTOR-PPAR-γ/SREBP1 signaling pathway mediated by oxidative stress. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105646. [PMID: 38072521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexaconazole (Hex) is a widely used and high frequency detected triazole fungicide in agricultural products and environment which may pose potential toxicity to the nontargeted organisms. Hex had been reported to affect lipid homeostasis while the mechanism was undefined. This study aims to explore the characteristic lipidomic profiles and clarify the underlying signaling pathways of Hex-induced lipid metabolism disorder in rat liver. The results showed that sub-chronic exposure to environmental related concentrations of Hex caused histopathological changes, oxidative stress, fat accumulation, lipid biochemical parameter increase in rats. Moreover, the untargeted lipidomic analysis showed that the levels of TAG, PC, and PE and the pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism were heavily altered by Hex. We further analyzed the lipid metabolism related genes and proteins which revealed that Hex exposure increased amount of lipogenesis by activating oxidative stress-mediated mTOR-PPAR-γ/SREBP1 signaling pathways. The imbalance of lipid homeostasis induced by Hex exposure might further lead to obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and hyperlipidemia. Our results provided systematic and comprehensive evidence for the mechanism of Hex-induced lipid metabolism disorder at environmental concentrations and supplied a certain basis for its health risks assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guofei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianming Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
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Tang L, Mei X, Ye M, Liu Y, Huang Y, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhuge S, Jiang G, Zhu J. Sclareol ameliorates liver injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B/NOD-like receptor protein 3-mediated inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231223644. [PMID: 38131326 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231223644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sclareol (SCL) is a natural diterpene with anti-inflammation and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effects of SCL in diabetic mice. Methods: SCL (10 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes daily for 5 weeks to evaluate its beneficial effects in liver injury. Body and liver weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Liver histopathology, fibrosis, and lipid accumulation were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Oil Red O staining, respectively. Serum hepatic enzyme and lipid levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hepatocellular apoptosis was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using appropriate assay kits. The effects of sclareol on inflammation and lipid metabolism was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical analysis, and Western blot assays. Results: SCL significantly decreased serum liver enzymes and lipids levels, and alleviated adipogenesis and fibrosis. Moreover, the protein levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol response element-binding protein 1 were downregulated, whereas the expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 was upregulated. SCL increased the antioxidant activity, and decreased ROS levels. SCL alleviated hepatic mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, SCL inhibited Kupffer cell infiltration and reduced serum inflammatory cytokine levels. SCL significantly downregulated the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase 1, and interleukin-1β. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SCL improves diabetes-induced liver injury by alleviating the NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhuge
- Department of Surgery, The First People 's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Chu H, Du C, Yang Y, Feng X, Zhu L, Chen J, Yang F. MC-LR Aggravates Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120833. [PMID: 36548730 PMCID: PMC9784346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disease caused by excessive fat accumulation in the body, has attracted worldwide attention. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a hepatotoxic cyanotoxin which has been reportedly to cause lipid metabolism disorder. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks to build obese an animal model, and subsequently, the obese mice were fed MC-LR for another eight weeks, and we aimed to determine how MC-LR exposure affects the liver lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. The results show that MC-LR increased the obese mice serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), indicating damaged liver function. The lipid parameters include serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and liver TG, which were all increased, whilst the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was decreased. Furthermore, after MC-LR treatment, histopathological observation revealed that the number of red lipid droplets increased, and that steatosis was more severe in the obese mice. In addition, the lipid synthesis-related genes were increased and the fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes were decreased in the obese mice after MC-LR exposure. Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of phosphorylation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylation mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1-c) were increased; similarly, the p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and SREBP1/β-actin were significantly up-regulated in obese mice after being exposed to MC-LR, and the activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway. In addition, MC-LR exposure reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the obese mice's serum. In summary, the MC-LR could aggravate the HFD-induced obese mice liver lipid metabolism disorder by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway to hepatocytes, increasing the SREBP1-c-regulated key enzymes for lipid synthesis, and blocking fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Can Du
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.Y.)
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Du Z, Lin L, Li Y, Sun M, Liang Q, Sun Z, Duan J. Combined exposure to PM 2.5 and high-fat diet facilitates the hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via ROS/miR-155/PPARγ pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:16-27. [PMID: 35940515 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which has attracted worldwide attention, is associated with the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, it is unclear whether dietary habit exacerbate liver damage caused by PM2.5. The current study aimed to investigate the combined negative effects of PM2.5 and high-fat diet (HFD) on liver lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Histopathological and Oil-Red O staining analysis illustrated that PM2.5 exposure resulted in increased liver fat content in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, but not in standard chow diet (STD)-fed mice. And there was a synergistic effect between PM2.5 and HFD on hepatic lipotoxicity. The increased ROS levels and augmented oxidative damage were evaluated in liver tissue of mice treated with PM2.5 and HFD together. In addition, excessive ROS production could activate the miR-155/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway, including up-regulation of lipid accumulation-related protein expressions of recombinant liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1).The use of miR-155 inhibitors demonstrated the indispensable role of miR-155 in the activation of lipid-regulated proteins by PM2.5 and palmitic acid (PA). Collectively, altering high-fat dietary habits could protect against MAFLD motivated by air pollution, and miR-155 might be an effective preventive and therapeutic target for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Du C, Zheng S, Yang Y, Feng X, Chen J, Tang Y, Wang H, Yang F. Chronic exposure to low concentration of MC-LR caused hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 239:113649. [PMID: 35605325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent hepatotoxin can cause liver damages. However, research on hepatic lipid metabolism caused by long-term exposure to environmental concentrations MC-LR is limited. In the current study, mice were exposed to various low concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 30, 60, 90, 120 μg/L in the drinking water) for 9 months. The general parameters, serum and liver lipids, liver tissue pathology, lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins of liver were investigated. The results show that chronic MC-LR exposure had increased the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum and liver. In addition, histological observation revealed that hepatic lobules were disordered with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid droplets. More importantly, the mRNA and proteins expression levels of lipid synthesis-related nuclear sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (nSREBP-1c), SREBP-1c, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), acetyl-CoA-carboxylase1 (ACC1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) were increased in MC-LR treated groups, the expression levels of fatty acids β-oxidation related genes peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) was decreased after exposure to 60-120 μg/L MC-LR. Furthermore, the inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were higher than that in the control group. All the findings indicated that mice were exposed to chronic low concentrations MC-LR caused liver inflammation and hepatic lipid metabolism disorder .
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Huang YQ, Tang YX, Qiu BH, Talukder M, Li XN, Li JL. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induced lipid metabolism disorder in liver via activating the LXR/SREBP-1c/PPARα/γ and NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113119. [PMID: 35537648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yi-Xi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bai-Hao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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8
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Ashraf AP, Sunil B, Bamba V, Breidbart E, Brar PC, Chung S, Gupta A, Khokhar A, Kumar S, Lightbourne M, Kamboj MK, Miller RS, Patni N, Raman V, Shah AS, Wilson DP, Kohn B. Case Studies in Pediatric Lipid Disorders and Their Management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3605-3620. [PMID: 34363474 PMCID: PMC8787854 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Identification of modifiable risk factors, including genetic and acquired disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, is increasingly recognized as an opportunity to prevent premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in at-risk youth. Pediatric endocrinologists are at the forefront of this emerging public health concern and can be instrumental in beginning early interventions to prevent premature CVD-related events during adulthood. AIM In this article, we use informative case presentations to provide practical approaches to the management of pediatric dyslipidemia. CASES We present 3 scenarios that are commonly encountered in clinical practice: isolated elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), combined dyslipidemia, and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment with statin is indicated when the LDL-C is ≥190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) in children ≥10 years of age. For LDL-C levels between 130 and 189 mg/dL (3.4-4.89 mmol/L) despite dietary and lifestyle changes, the presence of additional risk factors and comorbid conditions would favor statin therapy. In the case of combined dyslipidemia, the primary treatment target is LDL-C ≤130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) and the secondary target non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <145 mg/dL (3.7 mmol/L). If the triglyceride is ≥400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L), prescription omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are considered. In the case of triglyceride >1000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L), dietary fat restriction remains the cornerstone of therapy, even though the landscape of medications is changing. CONCLUSION Gene variants, acquired conditions, or both are responsible for dyslipidemia during childhood. Extreme elevations of triglycerides can lead to pancreatitis. Early identification and management of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaneeta Bamba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Breidbart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Preneet Cheema Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephanie Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anshu Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Aditi Khokhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marissa Lightbourne
- Pediatric and Adult Endocrinology Faculty, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Manmohan K Kamboj
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21093, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vandana Raman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Type 2 Diabetes Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Don P Wilson
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Brenda Kohn
- Correspondence: Brenda Kohn, MD, Division Pediatric Endocrinology, NYU Medical Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 530 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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9
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Dehghani M, Hobbi AM, Haghighat S, Ramzi M, Vojdani R, Karimi M. Glucocorticoid induced diabetes and lipid profiles disorders amongst lymphoid malignancy survivors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1645-1649. [PMID: 32898741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia and glucose test abnormalities are problems during the treatment of patients with lymphoid malignancy, caused by corticosteroid therapy. However, its long-term complications or risk of developing diabetes are not available. METHODS Two hundred patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancy were recruited and followed up for median of 47 months. The underlying hematologic malignancy includes Hodgkin's disease (HD), Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia(CLL), Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). Fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance test and lipid profiles were measured before each chemotherapy cycle and every 3 months after. This study was designed to evaluate patients for long-term follow up of glucose tests abnormalities. RESULTS The mean age of the non-diabetic patients was significantly lower than that of diabetics and patients with fasting glucose disorder (p < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and impaired FBS and GTT was higher in NHL (9%), CLL (6.5%) and MM (1.5%), respectively. For lipid profiles, the highest levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in multiple myeloma and the lowest in Hodgkin's lymphoma (P:0.004). CONCLUSIONS The most important factor for steroid-induced diabetes is age, which was more prevalent with age increase (P < 0.001). Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes is common in multiple myeloma and then in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in comparison with Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammad Hobbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Haghighat
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vojdani
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Karimi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Peshdary V, Styles G, Rigden M, Caldwell D, Kawata A, Sorisky A, Atlas E. Exposure to Low Doses of Dechlorane Plus Promotes Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Glucose Intolerance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5859548. [PMID: 32556108 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase worldwide. It is well established that genetic susceptibility, obesity, overnutrition and a sedentary life style are risk factors for the development of T2D. However, more recently, studies have also proposed links between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and altered glucose metabolism. Human exposure to environmental pollutants that are suspected to have endocrine disruptor activity is ubiquitous. One such chemical is Dechlorane Plus (DP), a flame retardant, that is now detected in humans and the environment. Here we show that exposure of mice to low, environmentally relevant doses of DP promoted glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet independent of weight gain. Furthermore, DP had pronounced effects on the adipose tissue, where it induced the development of hypertrophied white adipose tissue (WAT), and increased serum levels of resistin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In addition, DP exposure induced "whitening" of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and reduced BAT uncoupling protein 1 expression. Importantly, some of these effects occurred even when the mice were fed a regular, low-fat, diet. Finally, WAT adipogenic markers were reduced with DP treatment in the WAT. We also show that DP directly inhibited insulin signaling in murine adipocytes and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in vitro. Taken together, our results show that the exposure to low and environmentally relevant levels of DP may contribute to the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Peshdary
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - George Styles
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Don Caldwell
- Scientific Services Division, Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Zhou J, Dong X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Jiang Z, Chen K. Gestational hypothyroidism elicits more pronounced lipid dysregulation in mice than pre-pregnant hypothyroidism. Endocr J 2020; 67:593-605. [PMID: 32161203 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is crucial for regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, which plays essential role in maintaining the health of pregnant women and their offspring. However, the current literature is just focusing on the development of offspring born to the untreated mothers with hypothyroidism, rather than mothers themselves. Additionally, the interaction between hypothyroidism and pregnancy, and its impact on the women's health are still elusive. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the metabolic differences in dams with hypothyroidism starting before pregnancy and after pregnancy. Pre-pregnant hypothyroidism was generated in 5-week-old female C57/BL/6J mice using iodine-deficient diet containing 0.15% propylthiouracil for 4 weeks, and the hypothyroidism was maintained until delivery. Gestational hypothyroidism was induced in dams after mating, using the same diet intervention until delivery. Compared with normal control, gestational hypothyroidism exhibited more prominent increase than pre-pregnant hypothyroidism in plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and caused hepatic triglycerides accumulation. Similarly, more significant elevations of protein expressions of SREBP1c and p-ACL, while more dramatic inhibition of CPT1A and LDL-R levels were also observed in murine livers with gestational hypothyroidism than those with pre-pregnant hypothyroidism. Moreover, the murine hepatic levels of total cholesterol and gluconeogenesis were dramatically and equally enhanced in two hypothyroid groups, while plasma triglycerides and protein expressions of p-AKT, p-FoxO1 and APOC3 were reduced substantially in two hypothyroid groups. Taken together, our current study illuminated that gestational hypothyroidism may elicit more pronounced lipid dysregulation in dams than dose the pre-pregnant hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yajing Jia
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
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12
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Huang W, Xie P, Cai Z. Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to hepatotoxicity of triclosan in mice. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121310. [PMID: 31586915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vivo exposure studies focused mainly on nuclear receptors involved in hepatotoxicity of triclosan (TCS). As liver plays a vital role in metabolic processes, dysregulations in lipid metabolism have been identified as potential drivers of pathogenesis. Investigation of changes in lipid metabolism might widen our understanding of toxicological effects as well as the underlying mechanism occurring in the liver. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the effect of TCS exposure on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Our results showed that TCS induced significant changes in hepatic free fatty acid pool by upregulation of fatty acid uptake and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Besides, hepatic levels of lipids, including acyl carnitine (AcCa), ceramide (Cer), triacylglycerols (TG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were also increased, together with upreguation of genes associated to TG synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and inflammation in TCS exposure group. These changes in lipid homeostasis could contribute to membrane instability, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results suggested that TCS exposure could induce hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in mice, which would further contribute to the liver damage effects of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Peisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Lisovskaya TV, Perepletina TA, Sevost' Yanova OY, Mayasina EN, Salimov DF, Osipenko AA. Clinical and laboratory parameters and morphological characteristics of the endometrium in women with impaired fat metabolism and failed IVF attempts. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:41-44. [PMID: 31532320 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1653561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study clinical and laboratory parameters and morphological characteristics of the endometrium in women with impaired fat metabolism and failed IVF attempts. Materials and methods: Clinical examination, laboratory tests, morphological analysis, and immunohistochemistry of the endometrium were conducted in 76 patients with different BMI, followed up with infertility and failed IVF attempts. Patients were divided into four groups by body mass index (BMI): 1 group - 17 women with overweight, BMI = 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2; 2 group - 15 women with class I obesity, BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; 3 group - 14 women with class II obesity, BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2; and the control group of 30 women with normal weight, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. Results: Clinical and laboratory analysis revealed menstrual irregularities and hormonal imbalance such as hypoestrogenism. Immunohistochemistry of the endometrium found a significant decrease in the expression of ERα and PR receptors in the glands correlated to increasing BMI. Conclusion: Pregravid preparation of women with increased BMI and failed IVF attempts has to include life-style modification and weight reduction program to restore normal hormonal status and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, prevention of excessive proliferative processes in the endometrium, and improving endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Lisovskaya
- FSBI "Ural Research Institute for Maternity and Childcare" of the Ministry of Health of Russia , Ekaterinburg , Russia
- Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Tatiana A Perepletina
- FSBI "Ural Research Institute for Maternity and Childcare" of the Ministry of Health of Russia , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Ol'ga Y Sevost' Yanova
- FGBI of Higher Education "Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Elena N Mayasina
- Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Daniil F Salimov
- Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Anna A Osipenko
- Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine , Ekaterinburg , Russia
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Li A, Huang W, Zhang X, Xie L, Miao X. Identification and Characterization of CircRNAs of Two Pig Breeds as a New Biomarker in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 47:2458-2470. [PMID: 29990990 DOI: 10.1159/000491619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CircRNAs, as miRNA sponges, participate in many important biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether circRNAs can regulate lipid metabolism. This paper aims to study the molecular mechanism of fat deposition and provide useful information for the prevention and therapy of lipid metabolism-related diseases. METHODS CircRNA sequencing was performed to investigate the expression of circRNAs in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Large White pig and Laiwu pig. The expression of circRNAs was further validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, circRNA-microRNAs (miRNA)-mRNA interaction networks were constructed using bioinformatics tools. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for the target genes of circRNAs. RESULTS In the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Laiwu pig, 70 up-regulated circRNAs and 205 down-regulated circRNAs were identified. Two circRNAs (up-regulated circRNA_26852 and down-regulated circRNA_11897), the expressions of which were confirmed by qRT-PCR, were selected for subsequent analysis. CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed for circRNA_26852 and its target genes as well as circRNA_11897 and its target genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses reveal that the target genes of circRNA_26852 and circRNA_11897 are enriched in pathways related to adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, as well as in disease-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS In this study, circRNA sequencing and bioinformatics technique were used to analyze, for the first time, the expression of circRNAs in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Large White pig and Laiwu pig. It is inferred that circRNAs might regulate adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism. The results provide a theoretical basis for further study on fat deposition mechanism and provide potential therapy targets for metabolism-related diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracellular lipid metabolism is a complex interplay of exogenous lipid handling, trafficking, storage, lipolysis, and export. Recent work has implicated the cellular degradative process called autophagy in several aspects of lipid metabolism. We will discuss both the classical and novel roles of autophagy and the autophagic machinery in this setting. RECENT FINDINGS The delivery of lipid droplets to lysosomes for hydrolysis, named lipophagy, was the first described functional role for autophagy in lipid metabolism. The molecular machinery and regulation of this selective form of macroautophagy is beginning to be discovered and has the potential to shed enormous light on intracellular lipolysis. Yet, the autophagic machinery appears to also be coopted for alternative roles that include interaction with cytosolic lipolysis pathways, supply and expansion of lipid droplets, and lipoprotein trafficking. Additionally, lesser studied forms of autophagy called microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy have distinct roles in lipid handling that also intersect with classical macroautophagy. The integration of current knowledge in these areas into a holistic understanding of intracellular lipid metabolism will be a goal of this review. SUMMARY As the field of autophagy has evolved and expanded to include functional roles in various aspects of cellular degradation, so has its role in intracellular lipid metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these classical and alternative roles of autophagy will not only enhance our knowledge in lipid biology but also provide new avenues of translation to human lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Trent D. Evans
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ueno M, Suzuki J, Hirose M, Sato S, Imagawa M, Zenimaru Y, Takahashi S, Ikuyama S, Koizumi T, Konoshita T, Kraemer FB, Ishizuka T. Cardiac overexpression of perilipin 2 induces dynamic steatosis: prevention by hormone-sensitive lipase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E699-E709. [PMID: 28851734 PMCID: PMC6415650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac intracellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) is a pathophysiological phenomenon observed in starvation and diabetes mellitus. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein expressed in nonadipose tissues, including the heart. To explore the pathophysiological function of myocardial PLIN2, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice by cardiac-specific overexpression of PLIN2. Tg hearts showed accumulation of numerous small LDs associated with mitochondrial chains and high cardiac triacylglycerol (TAG) content [8-fold greater than wild-type (WT) mice]. Despite massive steatosis, cardiac uptake of glucose, fatty acids and VLDL, systolic function, and expression of metabolic genes were comparable in the two genotypes, and no morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy in the Tg hearts. Twenty-four hours of fasting markedly reduced steatosis in Tg hearts, whereas WT mice showed accumulation of LDs. Although activity of adipose triglyceride lipase in heart homogenate was comparable between WT and Tg mice, activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was 40-50% less in Tg than WT mice under both feeding and fasting conditions, suggesting interference of PLIN2 with HSL. Mice generated through crossing of PLIN2-Tg mice and HSL-Tg mice showed cardiac-specific HSL overexpression and complete lack of steatosis. The results suggest that cardiac PLIN2 plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of dynamic steatosis and that the latter was prevented by upregulation of intracellular lipases, including HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ueno
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jinya Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan;
| | | | - Satsuki Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Michiko Imagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Zenimaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sadao Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes Medicine, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oita San-ai Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Koizumi
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadashi Konoshita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
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Regnell SE, Peterson P, Trinh L, Broberg P, Leander P, Lernmark Å, Månsson S, Elding Larsson H. Pancreas volume and fat fraction in children with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1374-9. [PMID: 26996278 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS People with Type 1 diabetes have smaller pancreases than healthy individuals. Several diseases causing pancreatic atrophy are associated with pancreatic steatosis, but pancreatic fat in Type 1 diabetes has not been measured. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare pancreas size and fat fraction in children with Type 1 diabetes and controls. METHODS The volume and fat fraction of the pancreases of 22 children with Type 1 diabetes and 29 controls were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Pancreas volume was 27% smaller in children with diabetes (median 34.9 cm(3) ) than in controls (47.8 cm(3) ; P < 0.001). Pancreas volume correlated positively with age in controls (P = 0.033), but not in children with diabetes (P = 0.649). Pancreas volume did not correlate with diabetes duration, but it did correlate positively with units of insulin/kg body weight/day (P = 0.048). A linear model of pancreas volume as influenced by age, body surface area and insulin units/kg body weight/day found that insulin dosage correlated with pancreas volume after controlling for both age and body surface area (P = 0.009). Pancreatic fat fraction was not significantly different between the two groups (1.34% vs. 1.57%; P = 0.891). CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not indicate that pancreatic atrophy in Type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased pancreatic fat fraction, unlike some other diseases featuring reduced pancreatic volume. We speculate that our results may support the hypotheses that much of pancreatic atrophy in Type 1 diabetes occurs before the clinical onset of the disease and that exogenous insulin administration decelerates pancreatic atrophy after diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Regnell
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö.
| | - P Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - L Trinh
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - P Broberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - P Leander
- Department of Radiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å Lernmark
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - S Månsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - H Elding Larsson
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
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Fairbridge NA, Southall TM, Ayre DC, Komatsu Y, Raquet PI, Brown RJ, Randell E, Kovacs CS, Christian SL. Loss of CD24 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunctions and a Reduction in White Adipocyte Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141966. [PMID: 26536476 PMCID: PMC4633231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface receptor that is involved in regulating the survival or differentiation of several different cell types. CD24 has been used to identify pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Moreover, we recently found that the dynamic upregulation of CD24 in vitro during early phases of adipogenesis is necessary for mature adipocyte development. To determine the role of CD24 in adipocyte development in vivo, we evaluated the development of the inguinal and interscapular subcutaneous WAT and the epididymal visceral WAT in mice with a homozygous deletion of CD24 (CD24KO). We observed a significant decrease in WAT mass of 40% to 74% in WAT mass from both visceral and subcutaneous depots in male mice, with no significant effect in female mice, compared to wild-type (WT) sex- and age-matched controls. We also found that CD24KO mice had increased fasting glucose and free fatty acids, decreased fasting insulin, and plasma leptin. No major differences were observed in the sensitivity to insulin or glucose, or in circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol levels between WT and CD24KO mice. Challenging the CD24KO mice with either high sucrose (35%) or high fat (45%) diets that promote increased adiposity, increased WAT mass and fasting insulin, adiponectin and leptin levels, as well as reduced the sensitivity to insulin and glucose, to the levels of WT mice on the same diets. The CD24-mediated reduction in fat pad size was due to a reduction in adipocyte cell size in all depots with no significant reduction pre-adipocyte or adipocyte cell number. Thus, we have clearly demonstrated that the global absence of CD24 affects adipocyte cell size in vivo in a sex- and diet-dependent manner, as well as causing metabolic disturbances in glucose homeostasis and free fatty acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Fairbridge
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Southall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - D. Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yumiko Komatsu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paula I. Raquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Robert J. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Edward Randell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Kovacs
- Division of Medicine-Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chauvin S, Yinon Y, Xu J, Ermini L, Sallais J, Tagliaferro A, Todros T, Post M, Caniggia I. Aberrant TGFβ Signalling Contributes to Dysregulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E986-96. [PMID: 25942476 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sphingolipids function as key bioactive mediators that regulate cell fate events in a variety of systems. Disruptions in sphingolipid metabolism characterize several human pathologies. OBJECTIVE In the present study we examined sphingolipid metabolism in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a severe disorder complicating 4-7% of pregnancies at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, which is characterized by placental dysfunction and augmented trophoblast cell death rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Placentae from early severe IUGR with documented abnormal umbilical artery Doppler defined as absence or reverse of end diastolic velocity and a birth weight below the fifth percentile for gestational age were collected (n = 58). Placental tissues obtained from healthy, age-matched preterm and term deliveries (n = 46; TC, n=28) were included as controls. RESULTS Sphingolipid analysis by tandem mass spectrometry revealed elevated sphingosine and decreased ceramide levels in placentae from pregnancies complicated by IUGR relative to age-matched controls. Sphingosine accumulation was due to accelerated ceramide breakdown via increased acid ceramidase (ASAH1) expression/activity caused by augmented TGFβ signalling via the ALK5/SMAD2 pathway. In addition, a marked reduction in sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) expression/activity due to impaired TGFβ signalling via ALK1/SMAD1 contributed to the sphingosine buildup in IUGR. Of clinical significance, ALK/SMAD signalling pathways were differentially altered in IUGR placentae. CONCLUSIONS Altered TGFβ signalling in IUGR placentae causes dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, which may contribute to the increased trophoblast cell death typical of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chauvin
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Yoav Yinon
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Jing Xu
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Julien Sallais
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Andrea Tagliaferro
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Tullia Todros
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Martin Post
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (S.C., Y.Y., J.X., J.S., A.T., I.C.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7; Departments of Obstet Gynecol (Y.Y., I.C.), Physiology (S.C., M.P., I.C.), and Pediatrics (M.P.), Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto (M.P., I.C.), Toronto, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children (L.E., M.P.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Obstet Gynecol (T.T.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10126
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Martinez Calejman C, Di Gruccio JM, Mercau ME, Repetto EM, Astort F, Sanchez R, Pandolfi M, Berg G, Schreier L, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Insulin sensitization with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist prevents adrenocortical lipid infiltration and secretory changes induced by a high-sucrose diet. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:267-76. [PMID: 22700193 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that deviations in glucocorticoid secretion and/or action may contribute to somatic and biochemical changes observed in patients with and animal models of insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we analyzed changes in rat adrenocortical function and morphology associated with the development of IR, generated in male adult rats by the addition of 30% sucrose to the drinking water. Caloric intake, body and adipose tissue weights, and biochemical parameters associated with IR were determined. Expression levels of Star, Cyp11A1, Mc2r, Pparγ (Pparg), and Cd36 were evaluated by real-time PCR, histochemical analysis of the adrenal cortex was performed using Masson's trichrome and Sudan III staining, and corticosterone levels were measured by RIA. After 7 weeks of sucrose administration, higher serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and an altered glycemic response to an i.p. insulin test were detected. Adrenal glands showed a neutral lipid infiltration. An increase in Star, Cyp11A1, Mc2r, Pparg and Cd36 and a decrease in Mc2r levels were also found. Furthermore, sucrose-treated animals exhibited higher basal corticosterone levels and a blunted response to ACTH injection. Noteworthy, the adrenocortical (functional and histological) abnormalities were prevented in sucrose-treated rats by the simultaneous administration of an insulin-sensitizing PPARγ agonist. In conclusion, sucrose-induced IR affects adrenocortical morphology and function possibly via the generation of adipokines or lipid metabolites within the adrenal gland. These abnormalities are prevented by the administration of a PPARγ agonist by mechanisms involving both extra- and intra-adrenal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Martinez Calejman
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO, CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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22
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Schmiedt ML, Blom T, Blom T, Kopra O, Wong A, von Schantz-Fant C, Ikonen E, Kuronen M, Jauhiainen M, Cooper JD, Jalanko A. Cln5-deficiency in mice leads to microglial activation, defective myelination and changes in lipid metabolism. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:19-29. [PMID: 22182690 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN5 disease, late infantile variant phenotype neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the CLN5 gene, which encodes a lysosomal protein of unknown function. Cln5-deficiency in mice leads to loss of thalamocortical neurons, and glial activation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have now studied the gene expression of Cln5 in the mouse brain and show that it increases gradually with age and differs between neurons and glia, with the highest expression in microglia. In Cln5(-/-) mice, we documented early and significant microglial activation that was already evident at 3 months of age. Loss of Cln5 also leads to defective myelination in vitro and in the developing mouse brain. This was accompanied by early alterations in serum lipid profiles, dysfunctional cellular metabolism and lipid transport in Cln5(-/-) mice. Taken together, these data provide significant new information about events associated with Cln5-deficiency, revealing altered myelination and disturbances in lipid metabolism, together with an early neuroimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia-Lisa Schmiedt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Cheng D, Jenner AM, Shui G, Cheong WF, Mitchell TW, Nealon JR, Kim WS, McCann H, Wenk MR, Halliday GM, Garner B. Lipid pathway alterations in Parkinson's disease primary visual cortex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17299. [PMID: 21387008 PMCID: PMC3046155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a lipidomics analysis of human Parkinson's disease tissues. We have focused on the primary visual cortex, a region that is devoid of pathological changes and Lewy bodies; and two additional regions, the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex which contain Lewy bodies at different disease stages but do not have as severe degeneration as the substantia nigra. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry lipidomics techniques for an initial screen of 200 lipid species, significant changes in 79 sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid and cholesterol species were detected in the visual cortex of Parkinson's disease patients (n = 10) compared to controls (n = 10) as assessed by two-sided unpaired t-test (p-value <0.05). False discovery rate analysis confirmed that 73 of these 79 lipid species were significantly changed in the visual cortex (q-value <0.05). By contrast, changes in 17 and 12 lipid species were identified in the Parkinson's disease amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, respectively, compared to controls; none of which remained significant after false discovery rate analysis. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques, 6 out of 7 oxysterols analysed from both non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways were also selectively increased in the Parkinson's disease visual cortex. Many of these changes in visual cortex lipids were correlated with relevant changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and an oxidative stress response as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The data indicate that changes in lipid metabolism occur in the Parkinson's disease visual cortex in the absence of obvious pathology. This suggests that normalization of lipid metabolism and/or oxidative stress status in the visual cortex may represent a novel route for treatment of non-motor symptoms, such as visual hallucinations, that are experienced by a majority of Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Jenner
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Fun Cheong
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Nealon
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woojin S. Kim
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather McCann
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Sere YY, Regnacq M, Colas J, Berges T. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain unable to store neutral lipids is tolerant to oxidative stress induced by α-synuclein. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1755-64. [PMID: 20850523 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that has been linked to several genetic mutations of the SNCA gene encoding the pro-oxidant α-synuclein protein. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of α-synuclein toxicity. Indeed heterologous expression of α-synuclein is toxic to wild-type yeast and exhibits the main features of damage caused to mammalian neurons, including an increase in neutral lipid storage (triglycerides and steryl esters, embedded into lipid droplets). To address the significance of this accumulation, we forced α-synuclein production in a strain unable to synthesize triglycerides and steryl esters. Surprisingly, the inability to store neutral lipids rendered the cells more tolerant to α-synuclein. Our results indicate that the level of α-synuclein toxicity is correlated with fatty acid synthase activity and intracellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Y Sere
- CNRS-UMR6187, Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Navarro JA, Ohmann E, Sanchez D, Botella JA, Liebisch G, Moltó MD, Ganfornina MD, Schmitz G, Schneuwly S. Altered lipid metabolism in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2828-40. [PMID: 20460268 PMCID: PMC7108586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of autosomal recessive ataxia caused by a deficit in the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Although demyelination is a common symptom in FRDA patients, no multicellular model has yet been developed to study the involvement of glial cells in FRDA. Using the recently established RNAi lines for targeted suppression of frataxin in Drosophila, we were able to study the effects of general versus glial-specific frataxin downregulation. In particular, we wanted to study the interplay between lowered frataxin content, lipid accumulation and peroxidation and the consequences of these effects on the sensitivity to oxidative stress and fly fitness. Interestingly, ubiquitous frataxin reduction leads to an increase in fatty acids catalyzing an enhancement of lipid peroxidation levels, elevating the intracellular toxic potential. Specific loss of frataxin in glial cells triggers a similar phenotype which can be visualized by accumulating lipid droplets in glial cells. This phenotype is associated with a reduced lifespan, an increased sensitivity to oxidative insult, neurodegenerative effects and a serious impairment of locomotor activity. These symptoms fit very well with our observation of an increase in intracellular toxicity by lipid peroxides. Interestingly, co-expression of a Drosophila apolipoprotein D ortholog (glial lazarillo) has a strong protective effect in our frataxin models, mainly by controlling the level of lipid peroxidation. Our results clearly support a strong involvement of glial cells and lipid peroxidation in the generation of FRDA-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ohmann
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. Botella
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - María D. Moltó
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Kirby A, Woodward A, Jackson S, Wang Y, Crawford MA. The association of fatty acid deficiency symptoms (FADS) with actual essential fatty acid status in cheek cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:1-8. [PMID: 20356721 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Seven clinical symptoms have been utilised in several studies as a means of potentially identifying children with a deficiency in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any correlation between parental reports of the frequency of these seven 'fatty acid deficiency symptoms' (FADS) with actual levels of fatty acids in buccal cell samples of 450 children aged 8-10 years old. Additionally, the relationship between FADS and cognitive test performance, ratings of attention and behaviour and other somatic complaints were explored. The severity of reported FADS was not related to the levels of omega-6 or omega-3 in buccal cell samples. There was a relationship between parental reports of child behaviour and reported FADS; with high FADS being related to higher ratings of behaviour problems. Using FADS as a marker of PUFA deficiency may not be appropriate especially when assessing typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kirby
- The Dyscovery Centre, Allt-yr-yn Campus, University of Wales, Newport NP20 5DA, UK
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27
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Karabatas L, Oliva ME, Dascal E, Hein GJ, Pastorale C, Chicco A, Lombardo YB, Basabe JC. Is Lipotoxicity presents in the early stages of an experimental model of autoimmune diabetes? Further studies in the multiple low dose of streptozotocin model. Islets 2010; 2:190-9. [PMID: 21099313 DOI: 10.4161/isl.2.3.11655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased availability of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) seems to play a role in the early stages of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus induced in C57BL/6J mice by multiple low doses of streptozotoxin (mld-STZ). We analyzed the temporal changes of: (1) plasma and skeletal muscle lipids and their relationship with glucose metabolism; (2) triglyceride (Tg) concentration in isolated islets; (3) intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; and (4) insulin secretion patterns when the three mutually interactive glucose signaling pathways were activated. Animals were killed by cervical dislocation at days 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 post first injection of mld-STZ. Compared with control mice, we observed: (1) at day 6, a significant increase of plasma FFA and both muscle and islet Tg content and a significant decrease of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. These parameters further deteriorated with time. (2) plasma Tg, glucose and insulin levels and glucose tolerance test were significantly different only after day 8. (3) an increase in both phases of the glucose plus palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion was observed at day 4. This effect progressively decreased since day 7 up to day 9. Moreover, an inhibitory action of cerulenin over glucose plus palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion was observed between days 6 and 9. Taken together these results suggest that early alteration in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism could represent a "metabolic window" which would develop between days 6 and 8. Afterwards, subsequent immunological alterations, apoptosis and necrosis induced the destruction of β cells and would mask the results mentioned above.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/pathology
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/physiology
- Body Weight/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epididymis
- Insulin/blood
- Lipid Metabolism Disorders/blood
- Lipid Metabolism Disorders/chemically induced
- Lipid Metabolism Disorders/etiology
- Lipid Metabolism Disorders/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscles/metabolism
- Organ Size
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Karabatas
- Endocrinology Research Center (CEDIE), Hospital Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Do Carmo S, Fournier D, Mounier C, Rassart E. Human apolipoprotein D overexpression in transgenic mice induces insulin resistance and alters lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E802-11. [PMID: 19176353 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90725.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (apoD), a widely expressed lipocalin, has the capacity to transport small hydrophobic molecules. Although it has been proposed that apoD may have multiple tissue-specific, physiological ligands and functions, these have yet to be identified. To gain insight in some of its functions, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing human apoD (H-apoD) under the control of neuron-specific promoters. In Thy-1/apoD and NSE/apoD mice, expression of H-apoD was strong in the nervous system although weakly detected in peripheral organs such as the liver and blood cells. These mice displayed not entirely anticipated metabolic defects. Although they are not obese and have normal lipid concentration in circulation, Thy-1/apoD and NSE/apoD mice are glucose intolerant, insulin resistant, and develop hepatic steatosis. The steatosis and its associated insulin resistance are correlated with impairments in hepatic lipogenesis. However, they are not strongly related with inflammation. This impaired insulin response is not caused by a decrease in circulating leptin or a modulation of adiponectin and resistin levels. These results suggest that variations in the levels and/or sites of apoD expression influence the lipid and glucose metabolism, consolidating apoD as a target for insulin-resistance-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8 Canada
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Ohkuma A, Noguchi S, Sugie H, Malicdan MCV, Fukuda T, Shimazu K, López LC, Hirano M, Hayashi YK, Nonaka I, Nishino I. Clinical and genetic analysis of lipid storage myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2009; 39:333-42. [PMID: 19208393 PMCID: PMC10444629 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Causative genes have been identified only in four types of lipid storage myopathies (LSMs): SLC22A5 for primary carnitine deficiency (PCD); ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH for multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD); PNPLA2 for neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM); and ABHD5 for neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. However, the frequency of these LSMs has not been determined. We found mutations in only 9 of 37 LSM patients (24%): 3 in SLC22A5; 4 in MADD-associated genes; and 2 in PNPLA2. This low frequency suggests the existence of other causative genes. Muscle coenzyme Q(10) levels were normal or only mildly reduced in two MADD patients, indicating that ETFDH mutations may not always be associated with CoQ(10) deficiency. The 2 patients with PNPLA2 mutations had progressive, non-episodic muscle disease with rimmed vacuoles. This suggests there is a different pathomechanism from other LSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ohkuma
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, 187-8502 Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The advent of technologies that allow conditional mutagenesis has revolutionized our ability to explore gene functions and to establish animal models of human diseases. Both aspects have proven to be of particular importance in the study of lipid-related disorders. Classical approaches to gene inactivation by conventional gene targeting strategies have been successfully applied to generate animal models like the LDL receptor- and the apolipoprotein E-knockout mice, which are still widely used to study diverse aspects of atherosclerosis, lipid transport, and neurodegenerative disease. In many cases, however, simply inactivating the gene of interest has resulted in early lethal or complex phenotypes which are difficult to interpret. In recent years, additional tools have therefore been developed that allow the spatiotemporally controlled manipulation of the genome, as described in detail in Part I of this volume. Our aim is to provide an exemplary survey of the application of different conditional mutagenesis techniques in lipid research in order to illustrate their potential to unravel physiological functions of a broad range of genes involved in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Bock
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 23, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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