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Sasaki Y, Ikeda T, Momose Y, Yonemitsu K, Uema M, Asai T. Geographical Variation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Japanese Chicken. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2024; 12:59-66. [PMID: 39351048 PMCID: PMC11439084 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-24-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken is a potent source of Salmonella infection in humans. Occasionally, patients with severe Salmonella enteritis require antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobials are used to prevent and treat bacterial infections in broiler and breeder farms. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in 337 vacuum-packed chicken breast products manufactured in Japan between June and December 2021. Salmonella was isolated from 287 samples (85.2%). Among the products from Eastern Japan, the lowest Salmonella prevalence was observed in those processed in September (65.6%), which was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in November or December. Among the products from Western Japan, the lowest Salmonella prevalence was observed in those processed in August (61.9%), which was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in June, November, and December. The most frequent serovar was Salmonella Schwarzengrund (223 isolates), followed by S. Infantis (53 isolates), S. Manhattan (9 isolates), and S. Enteritidis (1 isolate). High rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed for streptomycin (64.5%), kanamycin (50.2%), tetracycline (65.2%), nalidixic acid (11.5%), and trimethoprim (35.9%). Resistance rates against these five antimicrobials in S. Schwarzengrund isolates were markedly higher in the isolates from Western Japan than in those from Eastern Japan. All 287 Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin which belongs to fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime which belongs to third-generation cephalosporins. Salmonella prevalence in chicken products in Japan was found to be extremely high; therefore, chicken meat should be thoroughly heated before consumption. In Japan, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are recommended as the first- and second-choice antimicrobials for patients with severe Salmonella enteritis, respectively. The results of this study show that administering fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins is an effective option for patients with Salmonella enteritis caused by consuming chicken meat, and efficient strategies for Salmonella management on broiler farms and chicken-processing plants need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sasaki
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita19 Nishi 12, Kita-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshika Momose
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Murayama Branch, National Institute of Infectious Diseases. 4-7-1, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masashi Uema
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Momose Y, Sasaki Y, Yonemitsu K, Kuroda M, Ikeda T, Uema M, Furuya Y, Toyofuku H, Igimi S, Asai T. Changes in the Phenotypes of Salmonella spp. in Japanese Broiler Flocks. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2024; 12:25-33. [PMID: 39036747 PMCID: PMC11257683 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-24-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections represent a leading cause of foodborne illnesses; resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs), which are a first-choice antimicrobial for treating human Salmonella enteritis, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Because the consumption of undercooked chicken meat products is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in Japan, we conducted three surveys at different periods between 2017 and 2022, with the cooperation of four abattoirs (two in Eastern and two in Western Japan). The first survey was conducted at abattoir A, which is located in Eastern Japan. Salmonella was detected in 84.4% of broiler flocks tested (27/32); among them, all the TGC-resistant isolates obtained from one farm (farm FA) were identified as S. Infantis. Salmonella was recovered from 62.5% of breast meat samples (20/32), with one case suggesting cross-contamination. The second survey was conducted at three other abattoirs to examine the prevalence of TGC-resistant Salmonella, in both Western (abattoirs B and C) and Eastern (abattoir D) Japan. Salmonella was detected in 90.6% of broiler flocks examined (29/32). TGC-resistant S. Infantis was isolated from 2 flocks until 2018 and not thereafter. Subsequently, isolates were identified as TGC-susceptible S. Schwarzengrund in both regions. The third survey was performed at abattoir A to elucidate whether there were changes in the phenotypes. Of the 11 broiler flocks introduced from farm FA, 10 were positive for Salmonella (90.9%); all the isolates were S. Schwarzengrund susceptible to TGC. This study shows that TGC-susceptible S. Schwarzengrund has replaced the resistant phenotypes among broiler flocks in both Eastern and Western Japan. Although chicken meat products could be cross-contaminated with Salmonella during the slaughtering process, reducing the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler flocks remains important to decrease Salmonella enteritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Momose
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of
Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of
Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro,
Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and
Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1, Gakuen, Musashimurayama,
Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious
Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of
Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masashi Uema
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of
Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoko Furuya
- Japan Food Safety Verification Organization, 1-7-5,
Sekiguchi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0014, Japan
| | - Hajime Toyofuku
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi
University, 1677-1 Yoshida,Yamaguchi 753–8515, Japan
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka,Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu
University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Barron-Montenegro R, Rivera D, Serrano MJ, García R, Álvarez DM, Benavides J, Arredondo F, Álvarez FP, Bastías R, Ruiz S, Hamilton-West C, Castro-Nallar E, Moreno-Switt AI. Long-Term Interactions of Salmonella Enteritidis With a Lytic Phage for 21 Days in High Nutrients Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:897171. [PMID: 35711664 PMCID: PMC9196899 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.897171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is a relevant foodborne pathogen with worldwide distribution. To mitigate Salmonella infections, bacteriophages represent an alternative to antimicrobials and chemicals in food animals and food in general. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria, which interact constantly with their host. Importantly, the study of these interactions is crucial for the use of phages as a mitigation strategy. In this study, experimental coevolution of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and a lytic phage was conducted in tryptic soy broth for 21 days. Transfer to fresh media was conducted daily and every 24 hours, 2 mL of the sample was collected to quantify Salmonella OD600 and phage titter. Additionally, time-shift experiments were conducted on 20 colonies selected on days 1, 12, and 21 to evaluate the evolution of resistance to past (day 1), present (day 12), and future (day 21) phage populations. The behavior of the dynamics was modeled and simulated with mathematical mass-action models. Bacteria and phage from days 1 and 21 were sequenced to determine the emergence of mutations. We found that S. Enteritidis grew for 21 days in the presence and absence of the phage and developed resistance to the phage from day 1. Also, the phage was also able to survive in the media for 21 days, however, the phage titer decreased in approx. 3 logs PFU/mL. The stability of the lytic phage population was consistent with the leaky resistance model. The time-shift experiments showed resistance to phages from day 1 of at least 85% to the past, present, and future phages. Sequencing of S. Enteritidis showed mutations in genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes rfbP and rfbN at day 21. The phage showed mutations in the tail phage proteins responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptors. These results suggest that interactions between bacteria and phage in a rich resource media generate a rapid resistance to the infective phage but a fraction of the population remains susceptible. Interactions between Salmonella and lytic phages are an important component for the rational use of phages to control this important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Barron-Montenegro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dácil Rivera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesus Serrano
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo García
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Diana M. Álvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Benavides
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- MIVEGEC, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernanda Arredondo
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca P. Álvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Soledad Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Duc VM, Kakiuchi R, Muneyasu H, Toyofuku H, Obi T, Chuma T. Decreasing trend of β-Lactam Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Broiler Chickens due to the Cessation of Ceftiofur in ovo Administration. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 16:100248. [PMID: 35434417 PMCID: PMC9006760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalence of S. enterica isolated in 2017 and 2018 were S. Manhattan and S. Schwarzengrund. S. enterica prevalence showed a declining trend over an extended period. β-lactam resistance was absent in the predominant serovars in 2018.
Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Japanese hatcheries for many years before 2012. We continue to study Salmonella in broilers and their antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to express how the cessation of ceftiofur affects the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan in 2017 and 2018. A total of 274 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 1535 cecal content samples obtained from 96 broiler flocks over years 2017 and 2018. Among the S. enterica isolates, the predominant serovars were S. Manhattan (128/274, 46.7%), S. Schwarzengrund (120/274, 43.8%), and S. Infantis (26/274, 9.5%). The isolates showed a high proportion of antimicrobial resistance for oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin. However, the β-lactam resistance rates were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in 2017, while no β-lactam resistant isolates detected in 2018. The highlight of this study was the complete disappearance of β-lactam resistance in Salmonella isolates from broiler chicken in Kagoshima, Japan.
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Sasaki Y, Kakizawa H, Baba Y, Ito T, Haremaki Y, Yonemichi M, Ikeda T, Kuroda M, Ohya K, Hara-Kudo Y, Asai T, Asakura H. Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Food Workers and Chicken Products in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121541. [PMID: 34943753 PMCID: PMC8698854 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an enteric bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illness in humans. Third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) resistance in Salmonella remains a global concern. Food workers may represent a reservoir of Salmonella, thus potentially contaminating food products. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in food workers and characterize the isolates by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was isolated from 583 (0.079%) of 740,635 stool samples collected from food workers between January and December 2018, and then serotyped into 76 Salmonella enterica serovars and 22 untypeable Salmonella strains. High rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed for streptomycin (51.1%), tetracycline (33.1%), and kanamycin (18.4%). Although isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 12 (2.1%) strains (one S. Infantis, one S. Manhattan, two S. Bareilly, two S. Blockley, two S. Heidelberg, two S. Minnesota, one S. Goldcoast, and one untypeable Salmonella strain) were resistant to the TGC cefotaxime, all of which harbored β-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaTEM-52B). Moreover, 1.3% (4/309) of Salmonella strains (three S. Infantis and one S. Manhattan strains) isolated from chicken products were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored blaCMY-2 or blaTEM-52B. Thus, food workers may acquire TGC-resistant Salmonella after the ingestion of contaminated chicken products and further contaminate food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan;
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-44-270-6566; Fax: +81-44-270-6569
| | - Hiromi Kakizawa
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Youichi Baba
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Yukari Haremaki
- BML Food Science Solutions, Inc., 1549-7, Matoba, Kawagoe 350-1101, Saitama, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masaru Yonemichi
- BML Food Science Solutions, Inc., 1549-7, Matoba, Kawagoe 350-1101, Saitama, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita19 Nishi 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.H.-K.)
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.H.-K.)
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan;
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
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Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund from Chicken Meat in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111336. [PMID: 34827274 PMCID: PMC8615118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund-contaminated areas of broiler chickens have expanded from West Japan to East Japan. The present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of 124 S. Schwarzengrund isolates obtained from chicken meat produced in East and West Japan from 2008 to 2019. Comparing the isolates obtained in 2008 and 2015–2019, an increase in the proportion of those resistant to kanamycin [51.4–89.7% (p < 0.001)] was observed. In contrast, the proportion of isolates resistant to both streptomycin and tetracycline and those that harbored a 1.0-kb class 1 integron, aadA1, and tetA, significantly decreased from 100% in 2008 to 47.1% in 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). A 1.0-kb class 1 integron containing aadA1, harbored by 78 isolates, was different from that reported in globally distributed S. Schwarzengrund strains (1.9 kb, containing the dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette). Twenty-five isolates from different product districts and years of isolation were typed as sequence type (ST) 241 with multilocus sequence typing. Our results suggest that S. Schwarzengrund, which contaminates chicken meat in Japan, shares a common ancestor regardless of the product district from 2008 to recent years. Moreover, S. Schwarzengrund ST241 may have spread from western to eastern Japan.
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Ali F, Silvy TN, Hossain TJ, Uddin MK, Uddin MS. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Salmonella species recovered at various stages of broiler operations in Hathazari, Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.158-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella through food chains has serious health implications, with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Broiler meat remains a major reservoir of Salmonella contamination. The lack of proper hygiene in local broiler operations has, therefore, prompted this research into the assessment of Salmonella contamination in local shops and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 55 broiler samples including skin, meat, and swab samples from chopping and dressing sites were included in the study. The samples were collected from broiler shops in Hathazari, Bangladesh, and screened for the presence of Salmonella strains using culture-based methods. The isolates were biochemically characterized and further tested for AMR to eight common antibiotics using the disk diffusion technique.
Results: Salmonella contaminations were identified in 29% (16/55) of the broiler samples. Swab samples collected from the chopping sites appeared to be contaminated in higher proportions (33%) than those collected from the dressing areas (25%). On the other hand, the skin samples (50%) were detected with a higher percentage of contamination than the meat samples (25%). All Salmonella isolates showed resistance toward at least one of the eight antibiotics used. Although none of the isolates was resistant to all antibiotics, 18.75% showed resistance to a maximum of seven antibiotics. Resistance to nalidixic acid was most prevalent (87.5%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (81.25%), erythromycin (81.25%), tetracycline (75%), streptomycin (56.25%), ampicillin-clavulanic acid (50%), chloramphenicol (43.75%), and cefotaxime (18.75%). The resistance patterns of the isolates were found to be highly diverse. The most frequently observed pattern was the following: Ampicillin-clavulanic acid-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-nalidixic acid-tetracycline-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-erythromycin.
Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of MDR strains in the samples underlies an urgent need for surveillance and control measures concerning hygiene and antibiotic use in local broiler operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdausi Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tazriyan Noor Silvy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanim Jabid Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Genomic Characteristics of Colistin-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis from Poultry Farms in the Republic of Serbia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120886. [PMID: 33321688 PMCID: PMC7762970 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 174 single isolates from poultry farms in Serbia and it was determined that seven Salmonella spp. were multidrug resistant. Sixteen serotypes were detected, but only serotype Infantis confirmed reduced susceptibility to colistin. Seven colistin resistant Salmonella Infantis were studied in detail using the WGS approach. Three sequence types were identified corresponding to different epizootiology region. The isolate from the Province of Vojvodina 3842 and isolates from Jagodina (92 and 821) are represented by the sequence type ST413 and ST11, respectively. Four isolates from Kraljevo are ST32, a common S. Infantis sequence type in humans, poultry and food. The fosfomycin resistance gene fosA7 in isolate 3842 and the vgaA gene in isolate 8418/2948 encoding resistance to pleuromutilins were reported for the first time in serovar Infantis. The changes in relative expression of the phoP/Q, mgrB and pmrA/B genes were detected. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the pmrB gene, including transitions Val164Gly or Val164Met, and Arg92Pro are described. Analyses of quinolone resistance determining region revealed substitutions Ser83Tyr in GyrA protein and Thr57Ser and Ser80Arg in ParC protein. Based on WGS data, there are two major clusters among analyzed Salmonella Infantis isolates from central Serbia.
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Ishihara K, Nakazawa C, Nomura S, Elahi S, Yamashita M, Fujikawa H. Effects of climatic elements on Salmonella contamination in broiler chicken meat in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:646-652. [PMID: 32213732 PMCID: PMC7273613 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of climatic elements on Salmonella contamination of chicken meat were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between Salmonella isolation, for 240 chicken samples purchased from March 2015 to February 2017, and climatic elements, over 65 days of chicken rearing. Salmonella was isolated from 143 samples (59.6%), and the most dominant serovars identified were Infantis (77/240, 32.1%) and Schwarzengrund (56/240, 23.3%). Previous studies have reported S. Schwarzengrund contamination of broiler chickens only in western Japan; however, in the present study, S. Schwarzengrund was also isolated from meat produced in eastern Japan-20% (12/60) in the C prefecture to 36.4% (8/22) in the Y prefecture-suggesting that S. Schwarzengrund-contaminated areas have expanded towards eastern Japan. Air temperature showed a significant negative association with S. Schwarzengrund isolation for chicken meat produced during periods with rising temperature (spring and summer) [odds ratio (OR), 0.894 to 0.935; P<0.01]. Moreover, the risk of S. Schwarzengrund contamination of chicken meat was higher during spring (OR, 3.951; P=0.008) and winter (OR, 4.071; P=0.006) than during summer. Effects of climatic elements and differences in contamination risk across seasons were not observed for any Salmonella serovars and only S. Infantis, which could be attributed to differences in transmission patterns and vehicles among Salmonella serovars. These findings are valuable for understanding the dynamics of S. Schwarzengrund dissemination in broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shizuka Nomura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shaheem Elahi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kabul University, 3rd district, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Division of Environmental and Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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10
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Duc VM, Shin J, Nagamatsu Y, Fuhiwara A, Toyofuku H, Obi T, Chuma T. Increased Salmonella Schwarzengrund prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan between 2013 and 2016. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:585-589. [PMID: 32213751 PMCID: PMC7273603 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the Salmonella serovars, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, and examine the antimicrobial resistance genes of
Salmonella isolated from 192 broiler flocks in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, from 2013 to 2016. We found that all Salmonella isolates belonged to three
serovars: Salmonella Manhattan, S. Infantis, and S. Schwarzengrund. Among them, S. Schwarzengrund prevalence has recently
increased annually making the main serovar. Most recovered isolates were highly resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycline. We saw the reduction of third-generation
cephalosporin resistance and identified the reason of increased kanamycin resistance to be the increased number of S. Schwazengrund isolates. Among the kanamycin-resistant
Salmonella isolates, aphA1 constituted the main resistance gene detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,College of Economic and Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Group 15, Thinh Dan Ward, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
| | - Jiye Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yamato Nagamatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuhiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hajime Toyofuku
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshi Obi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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11
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Abstract
According to the annual food poisoning statistics compiled by the Ministry of
Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan, Campylobacter
replaced Salmonella and Vibrio
parahaemolyticus as the leading bacterium responsible for food
poisoning in 2003. Although in 2006 the number of cases of
Campylobacter food poisoning was 3,439 on the basis of the
MHLW statistics, it was estimated to be 1,545,363 on the basis of active
surveillance, suggesting that passive surveillance yields an incidence about 450
times lower than that revealed by active surveillance. Epidemiological
investigations of Campylobacter food poisoning in Japan have
shown that chicken meat and its products are the most important sources of
infection, as is the case in other industrialized nations. Over the last two
decades, the consumption of fresh raw chicken meat and liver has been increasing
in Japan. Although the MHLW recommends that chicken meat should only be eaten
after thorough cooking, it is likely to account for much of the increased
incidence of human campylobacteriosis. In response to this situation, the Expert
Committee on Microorganisms/Viruses, Food Safety Commission of Japan, Cabinet
Office, Government of Japan (FSCJ) has revised the previous risk profile of
C. jejuni/coli in chicken meat by adding
new findings for 2018. Moreover, the MHLW revised the Poultry Slaughtering
Business Control and Poultry Meat Inspection Act in 2014 aiming at stepwise
introduction of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system into
poultry processing plants. Subsequently, the Japanese government amended the
Food Sanitation Act in 2018, requiring all food business operators to implement
hygiene control based on HACCP principles as a general rule. This paper reviews
the current status of Campylobacter food poisoning due to
consumption of chicken meat in Japan and extracts the issues underlying each
step of the food supply chain in order to examine the implementation of
effective measures for risk management.
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12
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Torii Y, Yokoyama E, Seki M, Shigemura H, Ishige T, Yanagimoto K, Uematsu K, Ando N, Fujimaki T, Murakami S. Genetic characteristics of emerging Salmonella enterica serovar Agona strains isolated from humans in the prior period to occurrence of the serovar shift in broilers. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1117-1120. [PMID: 31231084 PMCID: PMC6715908 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies found that a dominant serovar of Salmonella
enterica isolates from three farms raising broilers in 2014 and 2015 was
serovar Agona and the number of Infantis isolates decreased (the serovar shift). In this
study, 52 S. Agona strains which isolated between 1993 and 2008, were
compared to the serovar shift clone by molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses,
using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequence analyses. Of the 52
strains, one strain isolated from a human case in 1995 was genetically identical to the
serovar shift clone, even though it was isolated prior to the serovar shift. These results
suggested that the S. Agona serovar shift clone had existed in a source
other than chicken penetrated chicken population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Torii
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Eiji Yokoyama
- Division of Bacteriology, Chiba prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8715, Japan
| | - Misaki Seki
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shigemura
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Taichiro Ishige
- Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 256-0054, Japan
| | - Keita Yanagimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environments, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Kosei Uematsu
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environments, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ando
- Division of Bacteriology, Chiba prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8715, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimaki
- Yamanashi Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0034, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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13
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Association of Salmonella Serotypes with Quinolone Resistance in Broilers. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2018; 6:156-159. [PMID: 31998577 PMCID: PMC6795393 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone is widely used for the treatment of bacterial diseases, and the emergence of
quinolone resistance has become a serious concern in recent years, owing to an increase and
inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Here, we attempted to understand the differences in the
emergence frequency of quinolone-resistant bacterial variants in three
Salmonella serotypes S. Infantis, S.
Schwarzengrund, and S. Manhattan—which are mainly found in broiler industries
in Japan. Emergence frequency tests for quinolone-resistant variants using
enrofloxacin-containing agar plates and sequence analysis in the quinolone
resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA in DNA gyrase were performed. The
results showed no significant difference in the emergence frequency among the three serotypes,
and most of the resistant variants had mutations in the QRDR region. These findings suggest
that differences in the serotypes tested are not associated with the emergence frequency of
quinolone-resistant variants.
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14
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella serotypes Isolated from Poultry Meat in Japan. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2018; 6:126-129. [PMID: 32038899 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella in 512 poultry meat samples collected from retail stores and poultry-processing plants in Japan between 2015 and 2016 were investigated. The results showed that 55.9% of poultry meat samples were contaminated with Salmonella, with nine different serotypes represented. The most frequent serovar was Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, followed by S. Schwarzengrund, together accounting for 78.2% of the isolates. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (80.9% S. Infantis and 83.9% S. Schwarzengrund), streptomycin (53.4% S. Infantis and 76.8% S. Schwarzengrund), and kanamycin (33.6% S. Infantis and 82.1% S. Schwarzengrund). All tested isolates were susceptible to colistin and ciprofloxacin. In addition, a high proportion (65.6% of S. Infantis, 85.7% of S. Schwarzengrund) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, and 22 and 17 different resistance patterns were observed in the two strains, respectively. The predominant antibiotic resistance patterns were streptomycin-tetracycline (32/131, 24.4% of S. Infantis) and streptomycin-kanamycin-tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (43/112, 38.4% of S. Schwarzengrund). These data indicate that multidrug-resistant S. Infantis and S. Schwarzengrund have spread among poultry meat in Japan.
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15
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Du X, Jiang X, Ye Y, Guo B, Wang W, Ding J, Xie G. Next generation sequencing for the investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella Schwarzengrund in Nanjing, China. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:393-396. [PMID: 28888545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella Schwarzengrund is most frequently isolated from poultry meat and can cause human infections. S. Schwarzengrund was isolated from diarrheal patients in a food poisoning event in Nanjing, China. METHODS Three strains isolated from patients were microbiologically confirmed as S. Schwarzengrund. Salmonella strains from spiced donkey meat were also confirmed as S. Schwarzengrund. Epidemiology investigation showed evidence of a correlation between the consumption of spiced donkey meat and those cases. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic susceptibility test and next generation sequencing (NGS) were employed to investigate this food poisoning event. RESULTS The 3 strains isolated from patients and the strain isolated from the spiced donkey meat showed same results in PFGE, antibiotic susceptibility test and no SNPs were observed between these 4 strains in NGS analysis. DISCUSSION NGS data could be used in the confirmation of an outbreak and in the tracing of contamination. However, this standard of defining an outbreak with NGS remained a challenge in practice. And the NGS data should be used in combination with other data in epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Du
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Ye
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baofu Guo
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Ito K, Nishio H, Iwatani Y, Yamada R, Okawa T, Yamamoto T, Murakami M, Matsuo Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka S, Mori K, Mori N. Kidney allograft pyelonephritis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:481-484. [PMID: 28302440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) taking immunosuppressive drugs have a 20-fold greater risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection than the healthy adult population. Among KTRs, the urinary tract is the most common site of infection. However, few cases of urinary tract infection caused by NTS have been documented in KTRs, and only one in Japan. Furthermore, it frequently induces acute allograft rejection with high mortality. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund (S. Schwarzengrund) is now among the more common Salmonella serovars isolated in Japan and is likely to be invasive. We present a case of a 45-year old female with vesicoureteral reflux to her transplanted kidney who developed kidney allograft pyelonephritis caused by S. Schwarzengrund. She was admitted to our hospital with fever, urodynia, lower abdominal pain, gross hematuria, and cloudy urine. Urine cultures were positive for S. Schwarzengrund. Exposure to cats, especially stray cats, were identified as the most likely source. We administered antibiotics for 4 weeks (ceftriaxone then amoxicillin, each for 2 weeks) and educated her about pet safety. She experienced no recurrence of infection or clinical kidney allograft rejection for 3 months post-treatment. NTS should be considered as a possible pathogen of urinary tract infection among KTRs, especially in cases with animal exposure or structural urologic abnormalities. When the pathogen is NTS, appropriate antibiotics and treatment periods are essential for preventing recurrence and allograft rejection after the completion of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ito
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Haruomi Nishio
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwatani
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Okawa
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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17
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Furukawa I, Ishihara T, Teranishi H, Saito S, Yatsuyanagi J, Wada E, Kumagai Y, Takahashi S, Konno T, Kashio H, Kobayashi A, Kato N, Hayashi KI, Fukushima K, Ishikawa K, Horikawa K, Oishi A, Izumiya H, Ohnishi T, Konishi Y, Kuroki T. Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Retail Poultry Meat in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:239-247. [PMID: 27580577 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat, and to analyze the association of genetic types of these bacteria with their geographical distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates have been detected, respectively, in 54 and 71 samples out of 100 samples tested. Nine Salmonella serotypes were found, including S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (33%), Schwarzengrund (12%), Manhattan (9%), and others. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were detected in 64 (64%) and 14 (14%) samples, respectively. S. enterica subsp. enterica isolates were very frequently resistant to tetracycline (78.3%) and streptomycin (68.3%). Many C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (90.5%), nalidixic acid (47.3%), ampicillin (45.9%), and ciprofloxacin (40.5%). Cluster analysis was performed for the Salmonella isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) data. For Campylobacter isolates, the cluster analysis was based on both PFGE and comparative genomic fingerprinting. The molecular typing results were compared with the information about antimicrobial resistance and geographical locations in which the poultry meat was produced. This analysis revealed that C. jejuni strains with a particular genotype and antimicrobial resistance profile are spreading in specific areas of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Furukawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Tomoe Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Hiroshi Teranishi
- Department of Regional Hygiene Inspection, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Shioko Saito
- Division of Planning and Administration Office, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Jun Yatsuyanagi
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Eriko Wada
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Shiho Takahashi
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Hiroko Kashio
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | | | - Naoki Kato
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research
| | - Ken-Ichi Hayashi
- Microbiology group, Shiga Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | - Kazumi Horikawa
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Akira Oishi
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Hidemasa Izumiya
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takahiro Ohnishi
- Division of Microbiology, National Institutes of Health Sciences
| | - Yoshiko Konishi
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University
| | - Toshiro Kuroki
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
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18
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Yamazaki W, Uemura R, Sekiguchi S, Dong JB, Watanabe S, Kirino Y, Mekata H, Nonaka N, Norimine J, Sueyoshi M, Goto Y, Horii Y, Kurogi M, Yoshino S, Misawa N. Campylobacter and Salmonella are prevalent in broiler farms in Kyushu, Japan: results of a 2-year distribution and circulation dynamics audit. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1711-22. [PMID: 27005691 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the distribution and circulation dynamics of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Japanese chicken broiler flocks. METHODS AND RESULTS A 2-year investigation of the distribution of Campylobacter and Salmonella was conducted in 25 broiler flocks at nine farms in Japan from 2013 to 2014. Campylobacter and Salmonella tested positive in 11 (44·0%) and 24 (96·0%) broiler flocks respectively. One hundred and ninety-five Campylobacter and 184 Salmonella isolates were characterized into 12 Campylobacter (including two novel genotypes) and three Salmonella MLST genotypes. Only Salmonella isolation between caecal and environmental samples were significantly correlated. Further, one litter sample tested positive for Salmonella before new chicks were introduced. The Campylobacter strains rapidly lost culturability within 2-18 days; in contrast, the Salmonella strains survived from 64-211 days in artificially inoculated water samples. CONCLUSION No persistent circulation-mediated Campylobacter contamination was observed. In contrast, circulation of Salmonella in broiler houses was seen, apparently due to the litter excreted from broiler flocks, as well as Salmonella-contaminated water and feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This paper provides the distribution, genotypic data and circulation dynamics of Campylobacter and Salmonella as recently observed in Japanese chicken broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yamazaki
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - R Uemura
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Sekiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J-B Dong
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Kirino
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - H Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - N Nonaka
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J Norimine
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - M Sueyoshi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Goto
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Horii
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - M Kurogi
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Yoshino
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - N Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally. MDR bacteria are frequently detected in humans and animals from both more- and less-developed countries and pose a serious concern for human health. Infections caused by MDR microbes may increase morbidity and mortality and require use of expensive drugs and prolonged hospitalization. Humans may be exposed to MDR pathogens through exposure to environments at health-care facilities and farms, livestock and companion animals, human food, and exposure to other individuals carrying MDR microbes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies drug-resistant foodborne bacteria, including Campylobacter, Salmonella Typhi, nontyphoidal salmonellae, and Shigella, as serious threats. MDR bacteria have been detected in both meat and fresh produce. Salmonellae carrying genes coding for resistance to multiple antibiotics have caused numerous foodborne MDR outbreaks. While there is some level of resistance to antimicrobials in environmental bacteria, the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has driven the selection of a great variety of microbes with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. MDR bacteria on meat may have originated in veterinary health-care settings or on farms where animals are given antibiotics in feed or to treat infections. Fresh produce may be contaminated by irrigation or wash water containing MDR bacteria. Livestock, fruits, and vegetables may also be contaminated by food handlers, farmers, and animal caretakers who carry MDR bacteria. All potential sources of MDR bacteria should be considered and strategies devised to reduce their presence in foods. Surveillance studies have documented increasing trends in MDR in many pathogens, although there are a few reports of the decline of certain multidrug pathogens. Better coordination of surveillance programs and strategies for controlling use of antimicrobials need to be implemented in both human and animal medicine and agriculture and in countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Doyle
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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20
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Bae DH, Baek HJ, Jeong SJ, Lee YJ. Amino acid substitutions in gyrA and parC associated with quinolone resistance in nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates. Ir Vet J 2013; 66:23. [PMID: 24237626 PMCID: PMC4225662 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-66-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify and characterize amino acid substitutions in gyrA and parC related with quinolone resistance of 27 nalidixic acid-resistant (NaR) Salmonella isolates collected in poultry slaughterhouses in Korea. A total of 51 Salmonella isolates were detected from 44.8% (47/105) of the total samples from 15 poultry slaughterhouses examined, among which 27 (52.9%) NaR isolates were detected while ciprofloxacin (Cip) resistance was not present in the isolates. These 27 NaR isolates of DNA sequencing revealed that it contained three types of gyrA mutations in only D87 codon. Mutations in the D87 codon resulted in substitutions to G in most of the isolates, but D87Y and D87N exchanges were also detected. Although Cip resistance was absent, reduced susceptibility characterized by mutations in gyrA was apparent among Salmonella isolates from poultry slaughterhouses in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Sasaki Y, Goshima T, Mori T, Murakami M, Haruna M, Ito K, Yamada Y. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) and Wild Deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:985-91. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Goshima
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Institute for Food and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Kenbikyo-in Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Murakami
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Haruna
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ito
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamada
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Velhner M, Kozoderović G, Grego E, Galić N, Stojanov I, Jelesić Z, Kehrenberg C. Clonal spread of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Serbia: acquisition of mutations in the topoisomerase genes gyrA and parC leads to increased resistance to fluoroquinolones. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:364-70. [PMID: 24119387 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone-resistant Salmonella Infantis (n = 64) isolated from human stool samples, food and poultry during the years 2006-2011 were analysed for their resistance phenotypes, macrorestriction patterns and molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by the agar dilution procedure, and the susceptibility to additional antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc diffusion method. To assess the influence of enhanced efflux activity, MICs were determined in the presence and absence of the inhibitor PAβN. The results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that quinolone-resistant S. Infantis in Serbia had similar or indistinguishable PFGE profiles, suggesting a clonal spread. All S. Infantis showed combined resistance to NAL and tetracycline, whereas multiple drug resistance to three or more antibiotic classes was rare (2 isolates of human origin). The MICs ranged between 512 and 1024 μg/mL for NAL and 0.125-2 μg/mL for CIP. A single-point mutation in the gene gyrA leading to a Ser83→Tyr exchange was detected in all isolates, and a second exchange (Ser80→Arg) in the gene parC was only present in eight S. Infantis isolates exhibiting slightly higher MICs of CIP (2 μg/mL). The inhibitor PAβN decreased the MIC values of CIP by two dilution steps and of NAL by at minimum 3-6 dilution steps, indicating that enhanced efflux plays an important role in quinolone resistance in these isolates. The plasmid-mediated genes qnr, aac(6')-lb-cr and qepA were not detected by PCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Velhner
- Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad', Novi Sad, Serbia
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23
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Shahada F, Chuma T, Kosugi G, Kusumoto M, Iwata T, Akiba M. Distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern Japan. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1641-9. [PMID: 23687161 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and diversity of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli obtained from the same cecal samples and to provide evidence of transmission of the resistance determinants among these bacteria in broiler farms in southern Japan. Salmonella enterica and E. coli were characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. An antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmid analysis, and identification and localization of resistance genes were performed to determine the relatedness of ESC resistance determinants among the isolates. Of 48 flocks examined, 14 had S. enterica. In total, 57 S. enterica isolates were obtained, 45 of which showed ESC resistance. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were also obtained from all of these ESC-resistant Salmonella-positive samples. β-Lactamase genes, blaTEM-52 (38 isolates), blaCTX-M-14 (1 isolate), and blaCMY-2 (6 isolates), were carried by conjugative untypable or IncP plasmids detected in the S. enterica serovars Infantis and Manhattan. The β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-14 (3 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (3 isolates), blaSHV-2 (1 isolate), blaSHV-12 (2 isolates), and blaCMY-2 (32 isolates) associated with IncI1-Iγ, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncK, IncB/O, and IncY plasmids were detected in E. coli co-isolates. Restriction mapping revealed similar plasmids in Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Manhattan and in different sequence types of E. coli. Intraspecies transmission of plasmids was suggested within S. enterica and E. coli populations, whereas interspecies transmission was not observed. This study highlights the importance of plasmids as carriers of ESC resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shahada
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannonndai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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24
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Van Doren JM, Kleinmeier D, Hammack TS, Westerman A. Prevalence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in imported shipments of spice offered for entry to the United States, FY2007–FY2009. Food Microbiol 2013; 34:239-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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