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Yildirim F, Sudagidan M, Aydin A, Akyazi I, Bayrakal GM, Yavuz O, Gurel A. In Vivo Pathogenicity of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carrying Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2126. [PMID: 36556491 PMCID: PMC9780921 DOI: 10.3390/life12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains posing a potential risk for public health have long been a topic of scientific research. Effects of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) on tissue destruction mechanisms and activities of inflammatory cells were presented in animal models of pneumonia and skin infections induced by PVL-producing S. aureus strains. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo pathogenicity of PVL-producing S. aureus strains isolated from some foodstuffs, which can be a potential risk to public health. PVL-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains M1 and YF1B-b isolated from different foodstuffs and a PVL-positive MSSA strain HT480 (positive control) were administered to New Zealand rabbits. Blood samples were harvested three and six hours after the intratracheal inoculation. Lung tissue samples were collected for gross and microscopic exams and immunohistochemical (IHC) demonstration of IL-6, IL8, IL-10, and TNF-α expressions. Serum cytokine levels were also measured by ELISA. The strains isolated from lung tissue samples were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The development of acute necrotising pneumonia and a significant elevation in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α expressions demonstrated the significance of foodborne PVL-positive MSSA strains in public health for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akyazi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Gulay Merve Bayrakal
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Orhan Yavuz
- Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
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2
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Ma M, Tao L, Li X, Liang Y, Li J, Wang H, Jiang H, Dong J, Han D, Du T. Changes in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection strains isolated from children in Kunming, China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944078. [PMID: 36033878 PMCID: PMC9403864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is associated with high rates of mortality in children. No studies have been reported on invasive S. aureus infection among children in Kunming, China, and it remains unknown whether the COVID-19 epidemic has affected S. aureus prevalence in this region. Thus, this study investigated the changes in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children in Kunming during 2019–2021. In total, 66 invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. A total of 19 ST types, 31 spa types and 3 SCCmec types were identified. Thirty nine (59.09%) strains were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 27 (40.91%) strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The most common molecular type was ST22-t309 (22.73%, 15/66), followed by ST59-t437 (13.64%, 9/66). In 2019 and 2021, the dominant molecular type was ST22-t309, while in 2020, it was ST59-t437. After 2019, the dominant molecular type of MRSA changed from ST338-t437 to ST59-t437. All strains were susceptible to tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, vancomycin, quinopudine-dafoputin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and rifampicin. From 2019 to 2021, the resistance to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole initially decreased and then increased, a trend that contrasted with the observed resistance to oxacillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Sixteen antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified, with penicillin-tetracycline-erythromycin-clindamycin-oxacillin-cefoxitin being the most common, and the antimicrobial resistance profiles varied by year. The carrier rates of virulence genes, icaA, icaD, hla, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, and cna were 100.00%. Furthermore, sak, pvl, icaC, icaR, fib, lip, hlb, hysA, sea, seb, and tsst-1 had carrier rates of 96.97, 92.42, 87.88, 69.70, 84.85, 62.12, 56.06, 50, 37.87, 30.30, and 7.58%, respectively. Since COVID-19 epidemic, the annual number of invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children in Kunming remained stable, but the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of prevalent S. aureus strains have changed significantly. Thus, COVID-19 prevention and control should be supplemented by surveillance of common clinical pathogens, particularly vigilance against the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and high-virulence strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbiao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Lvyan Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yanqi Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Chuxiong Higher College of Medicine, Chuxiong, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hongchao Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dingrui Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Tingyi Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Tingyi Du,
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3
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Han X, Ortines R, Mukherjee I, Kanipakala T, Kort T, Sherchand SP, Liao G, Mednikov M, Chenine AL, Aman MJ, Nykiforuk CL, Adhikari RP. Hyperimmune Targeting Staphylococcal Toxins Effectively Protect Against USA 300 MRSA Infection in Mouse Bacteremia and Pneumonia Models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893921. [PMID: 35655774 PMCID: PMC9152286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has been acquiring multiple drug resistance and has evolved into superbugs such as Methicillin/Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA/VRSA) and, consequently, is a major cause of nosocomial and community infections associated with high morbidity and mortality for which no FDA-approved vaccines or biotherapeutics are available. Previous efforts targeting the surface-associated antigens have failed in clinical testing. Here, we generated hyperimmune products from sera in rabbits against six major S. aureus toxins targeted by an experimental vaccine (IBT-V02) and demonstrated significant efficacy for an anti-virulence passive immunization strategy. Extensive in vitro binding and neutralizing titers were analyzed against six extracellular toxins from individual animal sera. All IBT-V02 immunized animals elicited the maximum immune response upon the first boost dose against all pore-forming vaccine components, while for superantigen (SAgs) components of the vaccine, second and third doses of a boost were needed to reach a plateau in binding and toxin neutralizing titers. Importantly, both anti-staphylococcus hyperimmune products consisting of full-length IgG (IBT-V02-IgG) purified from the pooled sera and de-speciated F(ab')2 (IBT-V02-F(ab')2) retained the binding and neutralizing titers against IBT-V02 target toxins. F(ab')2 also exhibited cross-neutralization titers against three leukotoxins (HlgAB, HlgCB, and LukED) and four SAgs (SEC1, SED, SEK, and SEQ) which were not part of IBT-V02. F(ab')2 also neutralized toxins in bacterial culture supernatant from major clinical strains of S. aureus. In vivo efficacy data generated in bacteremia and pneumonia models using USA300 S. aureus strain demonstrated dose-dependent protection by F(ab')2. These efficacy data confirmed the staphylococcal toxins as viable targets and support the further development effort of hyperimmune products as a potential adjunctive therapy for emergency uses against life-threatening S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Han
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roger Ortines
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ipsita Mukherjee
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Thomas Kort
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Grant Liao
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mark Mednikov
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Agnes L Chenine
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Cory L Nykiforuk
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rajan P Adhikari
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. (IBT), Rockville, MD, United States
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Tilouche L, Ben Dhia R, Boughattas S, Ketata S, Bouallegue O, Chaouch C, Boujaafar N. Staphylococcus aureus Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Study of Bacterio-Epidemiological Profile and Virulence Factors. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2556-2562. [PMID: 33969430 PMCID: PMC8107017 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents a major cause of nosocomial infections in the intensive care units in which Staphylococcus aureus is frequently involved. Better knowledge of this pathogen is required in order to enhance the patient’s treatment and care. In this article, we studied the bacteriological profile and virulence factors of S. aureus-related VAP on a 3-year period. We included a collection of S. aureus strains (n = 35) isolated from respiratory samples from patients diagnosed with VAP in the intensive care units. We studied the bacteriological aspects and we searched for the presence of virulence factors (SpA, FnbpA, Hla, and PVL genes) in the strains, and we also studied the clinical and biological aspects of the infections. The average age of our patients was of 36 years and they were predominantly males (sex ratio = 3.37). A severe head trauma or a history of coma was noted in 73.43% of the patients. The average duration of ventilation was 29 days. Among the studied strains, five were Methicillin-resistant S. aureus of which three expressed the mecA gene. Overall, the Hla gene was detected in 85.7% of the strains and it was more prevalent in Methicillin-susceptible than Methicillin-resistant strains (93.3% versus 40%; P = 0.014). FnbpA, Spa, and PVL genes were detected, respectively, in 80%, 45.7%, and 20% of the strains. Therefore, our studied strains were essentially associated with the production of Hla and FnbpA genes. It is, however, important to elucidate their expression in order to establish their role in the VAP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Tilouche
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Refka Ben Dhia
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sameh Boughattas
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Ketata
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Bouallegue
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of medicine Ibn El-Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Cherifa Chaouch
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Boujaafar
- Department of microbiology, Sahloul University Teaching Hospital, Route de la ceinture, H.Sousse, 4011, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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5
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Huang J, Zhang T, Zou X, Wu S, Zhu J. Panton-valentine leucocidin carrying Staphylococcus aureus causing necrotizing pneumonia inactivates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 86:104582. [PMID: 33017689 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin, a pore-forming toxin, is a common cause of necrotizing pneumonia. However, the early pulmonary inflammatory response following PVL(+) MRSA infection is unknown. The purpose of this study was to use a murine model to determine the effect of PVL(+) MRSA on lung tissues and the expression of cytokines and JAK and STAT mRNA and protein. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and intra-nasally treated with PBS (control group), recombinant PVL (rPVL group), and PVL(+) MRSA (PVL group). At 24 and 48 h after inoculation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was tested for cytokine levels, and lung tissues were tested for JAK and STAT mRNA and protein expression, and examined after hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Mice infected with the PVL(+) strain became ill, characterized by impaired mobility, hunched posture, ruffled fur, and labored breathing. Lung tissue exhibited tissue necrosis and hemorrhage. BALF levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were increased in the rPVL or PVL groups, while levels of IL-10 and IL-4 levels were similar among the groups. JAK1 and STAT1 mRNA expression and protein levels were increased in lung tissue from mice infected with PVL(+) MRSA and rPVL. CONCLUSIONS PVL is a significant S. aureus virulence factor, and upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines but does not affect the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The effect of PVL may be due to JAK/STAT pathway activation. Blockade of the JAK/STAT pathway may decrease the severity of PVL(+) MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tiantuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhu Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Simon AC, Baldo V, Losio N, Filipello V, Colagiorgi A, Scali F, Zanardi E, Ghidini S, Ianieri A, Alborali GL. Molecular characterization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the pig production chain in Northern Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2020; 9:8412. [PMID: 32913720 PMCID: PMC7459793 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the molecular characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in the swine chain in Northern Italy. A sample of 50 fattening units located in Lombardy was selected. Five cutaneous samples at slaughtering and three environmental samples at farm were collected from each unit giving a total of 250 and 150 samples, respectively. A total of 25 MRSA isolates were isolated from 400 samples, in 17 different fattening units. At farm, 12 out of 250 samples were positive for MRSA (4,8 %), and 13 out of 150 samples at slaughter were identified as MRSA (8,7 %), giving an overall incidence among samples of 6,25 % (n = 25). Molecular characterization was carried out using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa-typing. Outcomes showed that most of the isolates belonged to ST398, carrying spa-types t899, t011, t18498, t1939, t1200, and t304. Nonetheless, three isolates were identified as ST97 (t1730 and t4795), and one as ST30, showing spa-type t318. Furthermore, a novel ST was identified, namely 5422, showing spa-type t1730. Heterogeneity in genotypes within the same farm was also found in different fattening units, with concern for the possibility of the exchange of genetic determinants among different lineages. Genetic diversity among MRSA isolates in pig fattening units has been observed, highlighting the possibility that some isolates could be able to infect different hosts, including human.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Baldo
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Brescia Section, Italy
| | - Nadia Losio
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Brescia Section, Italy
| | - Virginia Filipello
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Brescia Section, Italy
| | | | - Federico Scali
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Brescia Section, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Brescia Section, Italy
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Petraitiene B, Conejo PR, Jankauskaite L, Kevalas R, Trumpulyte G, Snipaitiene A, Vitkauskiene A, Gurskis V. Prevalence, clinical expression, invasiveness and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in children treated in a university hospital of Lithuania. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:464-472. [PMID: 32297537 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1752395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in North-East parts of Europe. The aim was to evaluate data regarding the PVL occurrences in Lithuania, determine the relationship with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), association with demographic and clinical conditions, invasiveness and severity of the disease in children treated in hospital Kauno klinikos (KK).Methods: We performed a prospective case-cohort single-center study on paediatric patients hospitalized from 2012 to 2015 to KK. We compared characteristics in PVL positive [SA-PVL(+)] and PVL negative [SA-PVL(-)] groups among non-invasive and invasive infections. Logistic regression was performed to detect PVL predicting factors and Cox regression was presented to define factors associated with admission to intensive care unit (ICU).Results: PVL was detected in 51.5%, MRSA in 7.0% and MRSA-PVL(+) in 4.8% of cases. In general, PVL was associated with older age comparing with SA-PVL(-) (median 8.5 vs. 4.0 years, p < .001). Skin and soft tissue infections were presented in 87.9% of all SA-PVL(+) cases. Invasive infections (44.7% vs. 12.1%, p < .001) and co-morbidities (20.5% vs. 2.9%, p < .001) were associated with SA-PVL(-) infections compared to SA-PVL(+), but ICU admission number was higher in invasive SA-PVL(+) cases comparing to invasive SA-PVL(-) cases (41.2% vs. 10.2%, p = .007).Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of pvl gene in patients treated in KK. SA-PVL(+) infections were associated with SSTI and were not common in invasive infections, but the invasive infections caused by SA-PVL(+) were related to severe disease progression and admission to ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birute Petraitiene
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Lina Jankauskaite
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Kevalas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Trumpulyte
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Snipaitiene
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Astra Vitkauskiene
- Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Gurskis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Science, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
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8
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 154 Strain NRL 08/001, Isolated from a Fatal Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/47/e01299-19. [PMID: 31753953 PMCID: PMC6872895 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01299-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains cause life-threatening diseases. We present a draft genome sequence of PVL-positive MRSA sequence type 154 (ST154) strain NRL 08/001, isolated from a fatal case of necrotizing pneumonia. The genome consists of 2.9 Mb over 39 contigs and harbors novel composite island staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec)-mercury composite type 2B&5.
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9
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Xiao N, Yang J, Duan N, Lu B, Wang L. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus PVL + ST22 predominates in skin and soft tissue infections in Beijing, China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2495-2503. [PMID: 31616166 PMCID: PMC6698600 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (CA S. aureus) is the most common causative pathogen of the skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This study aims to determine clonal distribution, virulence factors of CA S. aureus clinical isolates from purulent SSTIs in Beijing, China. Materials and methods CA-S. aureus isolates were collected from 115 outpatients with purulent SSTIs from the department of dermatology from April 2015 to April 2017. Multilocus sequence typing and Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec typing were performed to explore molecular characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA of dominant S. aureus isolates was performed using MEGA-X software. Virulence genes were detected by PCR, while biofilm formation was evaluated by a microtiter plate method. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by an automatic VITEK system. Results Forty-four CA-S. aureus isolates identified from SSTIs contain 9 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (20.4%) and 35 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates (MSSA) (79.6%). The dominant sequence types (STs) were ST22 (40.9%) and clonal complex 59 (CC59; 77.8%) in Community-associated methicillin resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus. 27.8% of ST22 isolates were homologous to the epidemic ST22 EMRSA-15 in Europe. The prevalence of virulence genes lukS/lukF, tst-1, etA, edinA, icaA, and icaD was 50%, 93.2%, 4.5%, 4.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. All CC59 isolates exhibited stronger biofilm-forming capability than ST22 clones. Among the MSSA subgroup, the poor biofilm producers had significantly higher sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. Conclusion The dominant epidemic clone PVL+ ST22 MSSA containing tst-1 occurs in Beijing, indicating that a PVL+ ST398 clone which was previously predominant in this district had been replaced by a new clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
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Mosquera M, Montero L, Pérez-Lescure FJ, Aragón A. Pediatric case of fatal necrotizing pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bakthavatchalam YD, Nabarro LEB, Ralph R, Veeraraghavan B. Diagnosis and management of Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin associated Staphylococcus aureus infection: an update. Virulence 2017:0. [PMID: 28783418 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1362532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection has increased in the past decade and is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates. Of all the virulence factors, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) has received the greatest attention. PVL producing SA strains are more likely to produce severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and necrotizing pneumonia. This review focuses on the current evidence on PVL-SA virulence, epidemiology, clinical disease and treatment with relevance to healthcare in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E B Nabarro
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College , Vellore - 632004 , India
| | - Ravikar Ralph
- b Department of Medicine (unit II) , Christian Medical College , Vellore - 632004 , India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College , Vellore - 632004 , India
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, although generally identified as a commensal, is also a common cause of human bacterial infections, including of the skin and other soft tissues, bones, bloodstream, and respiratory tract. The history of S. aureus treatment is marked by the development of resistance to each new class of antistaphylococcal antimicrobial drugs, including the penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, and others, complicating therapy. S. aureus isolates identified in the 1960s were sometimes resistant to methicillin, a ß-lactam antimicrobial active initially against a majority S. aureus strains. These MRSA isolates, resistant to nearly all ß-lactam antimicrobials, were first largely confined to the health care environment and the patients who attended it. However, in the mid-1990s, new strains, known as community-associated (CA-) MRSA strains, emerged. CA-MRSA organisms, compared with health care-associated (HA-) MRSA strain types, are more often susceptible to multiple classes of non ß-lactam antimicrobials. While infections caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains are usually treated with drugs in the ß-lactam class, such as cephalosporins, oxacillin or nafcillin, MRSA infections are treated with drugs in other antimicrobial classes. The glycopeptide drug vancomycin, and in some countries teicoplanin, is the most common drug used to treat severe MRSA infections. There are now other classes of antimicrobials available to treat staphylococcal infections, including several that have been approved after 2009. The antimicrobial management of invasive and noninvasive S. aureus infections in the ambulatory and in-patient settings is the topic of this review. Also discussed are common adverse effects of antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agents, advantages of one agent over another for specific clinical syndromes, and the use of adjunctive therapies such as surgery and intravenous immunoglobulin. We have detailed considerations in the therapy of noninvasive and invasive S. aureus infections. This is followed by sections on specific clinical infectious syndromes including skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, endocarditis and intravascular infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and vertebral discitis, epidural abscess, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, mastitis, necrotizing fasciitis, orbital infections, endophthalmitis, parotitis, staphylococcal toxinoses, urogenital infections, and central nervous system infections.
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