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Smoll NR, Khan A, Walker J, McMahon J, Kirk M, Khandaker G. A norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak in an Australian child-care center: A household-level analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259145. [PMID: 34727123 PMCID: PMC8562815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large burden of norovirus disease in child-care centers in Australia and around the world. Despite the ubiquity of norovirus outbreaks in child-care centers, little is known about the extent of this burden within the child-care center and the surrounding household clusters. Therefore, we performed an in-depth analysis of a gastroenteritis outbreak to examine the patterns of transmissions, household attack rates and the basic reproduction number (R0) for Norovirus in a child-care facility. We used data from parental interviews of suspected cases sent home with gastroenteritis at a child-care center between 24th of August and 18th of September 2020. A total of 52 persons in 19 household clusters were symptomatic in this outbreak investigation. Of all transmissions, 23 (46.9%) occurred in the child-care center, the rest occurring in households. We found a household attack rate of 36.5% (95% CI 27.3, 47.1%). Serial intervals were estimated as mean 2.5 ± SD1.45 days. The R0, using time-dependent methods during the growth phase of the outbreak (days 2 to 8) was 2.4 (95% CI 1.50, 3.50). The count of affected persons of a child-care center norovirus outbreak is approximately double the count of the total symptomatic staff and attending children. In the study setting, each symptomatic child-care attendee likely infected one other child-care attendee or staff and just over one household contact on average.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arifuzzman Khan
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacina Walker
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Kirk
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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Virological and Epidemiological Features of Norovirus Infections in Brazil, 2017-2018. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091724. [PMID: 34578304 PMCID: PMC8472875 DOI: 10.3390/v13091724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups. Here, we investigated the incidence of norovirus, genotypes circulation, and norovirus shedding in AGE stool samples from outpatients in Brazil. During a two-year period, 1546 AGE stool samples from ten Brazilian states were analyzed by RT-qPCR to detect and quantify GI and GII noroviruses. Positive samples were genotyped by dual sequencing using the ORF1/2 junction region. Overall, we detected norovirus in 32.1% of samples, with a massive predominance of GII viruses (89.1%). We also observed a significant difference between the median viral load of norovirus GI (3.4×105 GC/g of stool) and GII (1.9×107 GC/g). The most affected age group was children aged between 6 and 24 m old, and norovirus infection was detected throughout the year without marked seasonality. Phylogenetic analysis of partial RdRp and VP1 regions identified six and 11 genotype combinations of GI and GII, respectively. GII.4 Sydney[P16] was by far the predominant genotype (47.6%), followed by GII.2[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P31], and GII.6[P7]. We detected, for the first time in Brazil, the intergenogroup recombinant genotype GIX.1[GII.P15]. Our study contributes to the knowledge of norovirus genotypes circulation at the national level, reinforcing the importance of molecular surveillance programs for future vaccine designs.
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Molecular Characterization of Norovirus Strains Isolated from Older Children and Adults in Impoverished Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa. Adv Virol 2020; 2020:8436951. [PMID: 32684935 PMCID: PMC7341391 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8436951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human norovirus (NoV) is an etiological agent associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in both children and adults worldwide. However, very few studies have been reported on the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoV strains in children older than 5 years of age and adults with little or inadequate water and sanitation conditions. Objectives The aim of this study was assessing the prevalence of the human norovirus in older children and adults suffering with diarrhoea from rural communities in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province. Methods Between August 2017 and October 2018, stool samples were collected from outpatients suffering from AGE and screened for NoV strains using the RIDA©GENE norovirus I and II real-time one-step RT-PCR. RNA extracts of NoV-positive samples were subjected to RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing to genotype the positive NoV strains. Results Out of 80 collected stool samples, 13 (16%) were tested positive for norovirus. Genogroup GII was identified in 6/13 (46%) samples and genogroup GI in 7/13 (54%) samples. The sequence analyses showed multiple genotypes including GII.Pg, GII.1, GII.2, GII.4, and GI.3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the relatedness of NoV genotypes identified with other strains reported globally. Conclusion Continued systematic surveillance to evaluate norovirus association with diarrhoea is needed to assist with epidemiological surveillance and disease burden in people of all the age groups.
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Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Jia R, Xu J. Genetic diversity and epidemiology of Genogroup II noroviruses in children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:736. [PMID: 31438883 PMCID: PMC6704660 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under 5 years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpatient children from the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. METHODS Stool specimens were collected between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1433 children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. All samples were analysed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II NoVs amplifying both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. The Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 ( https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/ ) was used for genotyping the strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. RESULTS From 2012 to 2017, GII NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with the highest detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746). The seasons with the highest prevalence of GII NoVs infection were autumn and winter. Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominant RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017, while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). Among the capsid genotypes, the most prevalent NoV genotype from 2012 to 2017 was GII.4 (74.1%, 163/220). On the basis of genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into - 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, and GII.P16/GII.2. Starting with 2013, GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 had completely replaced the pandemic GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype and was detected in children across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows high detection rates and the genetic diversity of circulating NoV GII genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Diakoudi G, Lanave G, Catella C, Medici MC, De Conto F, Calderaro A, Loconsole D, Chironna M, Bonura F, Giammanco GM, Bányai K, Tohma K, Parra GI, Martella V, De Grazia S. Analysis of GII.P7 and GII.6 noroviruses circulating in Italy during 2011-2016 reveals a replacement of lineages and complex recombination history. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103991. [PMID: 31394293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are important human enteric pathogens and monitoring their genetic diversity is important for epidemiological surveillance, vaccine development, and understanding of RNA viruses evolution. Epidemiological investigations have revealed that genogroup II, genotype 6 noroviruses (GII.6) are common agents of gastroenteritis. Upon sequencing of the ORF2 (encoding the viral capsid), GII.6 viruses have been distinguished into three variants. Sentinel hospital-based surveillance in Italy revealed that GII.6 noroviruses were the second most common capsid genotype in 2015, mostly in association with a GII.P7 ORF1 (encoding the viral polymerase). Upon molecular characterization of the ORF1 and ORF2, the GII.P7_GII.6 epidemic viruses circulating in 2014-2015 (variant GII.6b) were different from those that circulated sporadically in 2011-2013 (variant GII.6a). Analysis of the ORF1 (GII.P7) and ORF2 (GII.6) sequences available in the databases unveiled marked genetic diversity and peculiarities in the phylogenetic segregation patterns, suggesting multiple recombination events. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that recent GII.P7_GII.6b viruses were circulating as early as 2008, and formed a genetically homogenous group that emerged globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Diakoudi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | | | - Flora De Conto
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kentaro Tohma
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy.
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
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The prevalence of non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Jinan, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209245. [PMID: 30592717 PMCID: PMC6310239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks. From June 2015 to March 2017, fifteen outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) were reported to the Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China. To identify the circulating NoV genotypes associated with outbreaks in Jinan, China, 414 specimens from the 15 outbreaks were collected and analyzed for the causative viruses, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on the NoV-positive strains. The NoV detection rate was 57.5% (238/414), and a total of 14 outbreaks were caused by NoVs (eight by infection with genogroup II (GII), five by mixed infection with GI and GII, and one by mixed infection with GII and rotavirus (RoV)-A). A total of 75 NoV sequences were obtained from 13 NoV-positive outbreaks and classified into seven genotypes (38 GII.17, 13 GII.2, 4 GII.3, 4 GII.1, 10 GI.6, 5 GI.5 and 1 GI.3), while GII.4 was not identified. The most prevalent genotype changed yearly during the 2015–2017 period. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these NoV genotypes had high homology with the strains circulating worldwide, especially strains from Asian countries and cities. Our study illustrated that multiple non-GII.4 NoV genotypes were prevalent in outbreaks of AGE in Jinan, China. Year-round surveillance of multiple NoV genotypes could help health authorities reduce the impact of NoV outbreaks on public health.
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Dábilla N, Almeida TNV, Franco FC, Cunha MDP, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M. Recombinant noroviruses detected in Mid-West region of Brazil in two different periods 2009-2011 and 2014-2015: Atypical breakpoints of recombination and detection of distinct GII.P7-GII.6 lineages. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:47-53. [PMID: 30529559 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis. The high incidence of norovirus is a reflection of its great genomic and antigenic variability resultant of evolutionary mechanisms, such as recombination. Herein, the main objective of this study was to characterize partially two regions of norovirus genome (RdRp and VP1) from fecal samples, collected in two different time periods (2009-2011 and 2014-2015) in the Mid-West region of Brazil. Twenty samples were sequenced and characterized (GI.P5-GI.5, GII.P16-GII.3, GI.P7-GI.7, GII.Pe-GII.4 and GII.P7-GII.6). Sequences of GII.Pe-GII.4 genotype were also characterized as Sydney 2012 variant. Genotypes GII.P7-GII.6, GII.P16-GII.3 and GII.Pe-GII.4 (16/20-80%) were identified as norovirus recombinants by phylogeny and bioinformatic analyzes. The GII.P7-GII.6 (62.5%) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (25%) genotypes had recombination point's upstream ORF1/2 overlapping region, whereas GII.P16-GII.3 (12.5%) genotype had the recombination point in the overlapping region. Furthermore, the GII.P7-GII.6, from samples collected in 2009-2011 had different recombinant points than the GII.P7-GII.6 from samples obtained in 2014-2015, forming two different clusters in the phylogenetic analysis. Our study brings information on the circulation of recombinant norovirus genotypes in Mid-West of Brazil, including recombinants with atypical recombination breakpoints, and provides evidence for the circulation of different lineages of the same recombinant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathânia Dábilla
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tâmera Nunes Vieira Almeida
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marielton Dos Passos Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Souza Fiaccadori
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Ludwig-Begall LF, Mauroy A, Thiry E. Norovirus recombinants: recurrent in the field, recalcitrant in the lab - a scoping review of recombination and recombinant types of noroviruses. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:970-988. [PMID: 29906257 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are recognized as the major global cause of sporadic and epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Molecular mechanisms driving norovirus evolution are the accumulation of point mutations and recombination. Intragenotypic recombination has long been postulated to be a driving force of GII.4 noroviruses, the predominant genotype circulating in humans for over two decades. Increasingly, emergence and re-emergence of different intragenotype recombinants have been reported. The number and types of norovirus recombinants remained undefined until the 2007 Journal of General Virology research article 'Norovirus recombination' reported an assembly of 20 hitherto unclassified intergenotypic norovirus recombinant types. In the intervening decade, a host of novel recombinants has been analysed. New recombination breakpoints have been described, in vitro and in vivo studies supplement in silico analyses, and advances have been made in analysing factors driving norovirus recombination. This work presents a timely overview of these data and focuses on important aspects of norovirus recombination and its role in norovirus molecular evolution. An overview of intergenogroup, intergenotype, intragenotype and 'obligatory' norovirus recombinants as detected via in silico methods in the field is provided, enlarging the scope of intergenotypic recombinant types to 80 in total, and notably including three intergenogroup recombinants. A recap of advances made studying norovirus recombination in the laboratory is given. Putative drivers and constraints of norovirus recombination are discussed and the potential link between recombination and norovirus zoonosis risk is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F Ludwig-Begall
- 1Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, B43b, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem, 10, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Axel Mauroy
- 2Staff direction for risk assessment, Control Policy, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Blv du Jardin Botanique 55, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- 1Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, B43b, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem, 10, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Boonchan M, Guntapong R, Sripirom N, Ruchusatsawat K, Singchai P, Rungnobhakhun P, Tacharoenmuang R, Mizushima H, Tatsumi M, Takeda N, Sangkitporn S, Mekmullica J, Motomura K. The dynamics of norovirus genotypes and genetic analysis of a novel recombinant GII.P12-GII.3 among infants and children in Bangkok, Thailand between 2014 and 2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:133-139. [PMID: 29471118 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis among all age groups in the world. We performed a molecular epidemiological study of the NoVs prevalent in Bangkok between November 2014 and July 2016 to investigate the emergence of new NoV variants in Thailand. A total of 332 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Bangkok, Thailand. NoVs were detected by real-time PCR. The genome of the N-terminal/shell domain was amplified, the nucleotide sequence was determined, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. GII NoV was detected in 58 (17.5%) of the 332 specimens. GII.17, a genotype strain prevalent from 2014 to mid-2015, was hardly detected and replaced by the GII.3 genotype strain. Entire genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis of the GII.3 genotype strains indicated that they are new recombinant viruses, because the genome encoding ORF1 is derived from a GII.12 genotype strain, whereas that encoding ORF2-3 is from a GII.3 genotype strain. The putative recombination breakpoints with the highest statistical significance were located around the border of 3Dpol and ORF2. The change in the prevalent strain of NoV seems to be linked to the emergence of new forms of recombinant viruses. These findings suggested that the swapping of the structural and non-structural proteins of NoV is a common mechanism by which new epidemic variants are generated in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michittra Boonchan
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI), Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Ratigorn Guntapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Kriangsak Ruchusatsawat
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Phakapun Singchai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Ratana Tacharoenmuang
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Hiroto Mizushima
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI), Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan
| | - Masashi Tatsumi
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI), Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan
| | - Naokazu Takeda
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI), Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan
| | - Somchai Sangkitporn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Kazushi Motomura
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI), Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan; Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
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Bucardo F, Reyes Y, Becker-Dreps S, Bowman N, Gruber JF, Vinjé J, Espinoza F, Paniagua M, Balmaseda A, Svensson L, Nordgren J. Pediatric norovirus GII.4 infections in Nicaragua, 1999-2015. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:305-312. [PMID: 28982545 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate clinical and epidemiological factors of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Nicaragua between 1999 and 2015. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed laboratory and epidemiologic data from 1,790 children≤7years with AGE from 6 hospitals in Nicaragua (n=538), and 3 community clinics (n=919) and households (n=333) in León, between 1999 and 2015. Moreover, asymptomatic children from community clinics (n=162) and households (n=105) were enrolled. Norovirus was detected by real-time PCR and genotyped by sequencing the N-terminal and shell region of the capsid gene. RESULTS Norovirus was found in 19% (n=338) and 12% (n=32) of children with and without AGE, respectively. In total, 20 genotypes including a tentatively new genotype were detected. Among children with AGE, the most common genotypes were GII.4 (53%), GII.14 (7%), GII.3 (6%) and GI.3 (6%). In contrast, only one (1.4%) GII.4 was found in asymptomatic children. The prevalence of GII.4 infections was significantly higher in children between 7 and 12months of age. The prevalence of GII.4 was lowest in households (38%), followed by community clinics (50%) and hospitals (75%). Several different GII.4 variants were detected and their emergence followed the global temporal trend. CONCLUSIONS Overall our study found the predominance of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in Nicaragua mostly occurring in children between 7 and 12months of age, implicating GII.4 as the main norovirus vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemón Bucardo
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua.
| | - Yaoska Reyes
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Bowman
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joann F Gruber
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Zheng L, Wang W, Liu J, Huo Y, Qin C, Wang M, Shen S. Comprehensive characterization of a major capsid protein derived from a documented GII.6 norovirus strain. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3863-3868. [PMID: 28866835 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully produced VLPs derived from full-length or chimeric VP1 of a documented GII.6 strain. Trypsin digestion of purified VLPs led to total cleavage of VP1, while the integrity of assembled VLPs was not affected. In vitro VLP-histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding and binding blockade assays indicated that trypsin digestion enhanced the binding of GII.6 VLPs to salivary HBGAs and that this binding could only be blocked by serum produced against a homologous strain. The data regarding the assembly, morphology and binding patterns of GII.6 NoV VLPs presented here might be useful for further study of GII.6 NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingchen Wang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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