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Sirivichayakul C, Biswal S, Saez-Llorens X, López-Medina E, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Kosalaraksa P, Alera MT, Reynales H, Rivera L, Watanaveeradej V, Yu D, Espinoza F, Dietze R, Fernando L, Wickramasinghe VP, Moreira ED, Fernando AD, Gunasekera D, Luz K, Venâncio da Cunha R, Oliveira AL, Rauscher M, Fan H, Borkowski A, Escudero I, Tuboi S, Lloyd E, Tricou V, Folschweiller N, LeFevre I, Vargas LM, Wallace D. Efficacy and Safety of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine (TAK-003) in Children With Prior Japanese Encephalitis or Yellow Fever Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae222. [PMID: 38682569 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the impact of prior Yellow fever (YF) or Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination on the efficacy of Takeda's dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003 (NCT02747927). METHODS Children 4-16 years of age were randomized 2:1 to receive TAK-003 or placebo and were under active febrile surveillance. Symptomatic dengue was confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. YF and JE vaccination history was recorded. RESULTS Of the 20,071 children who received TAK-003 or placebo, 21.1% had a YF and 23.9% had a JE vaccination history at randomization. Fifty-seven months after vaccination, vaccine efficacy was 55.7% (95% CI, 39.7%-67.5%) in those with YF vaccination, 77.8% (70.8%-83.1%) for JE vaccination, and 53.5% (45.4%-60.4%) for no prior YF/JE vaccination. Regional differences in serotype distribution confound these results. The apparent higher vaccine efficacy in the JE vaccination subgroup could be largely explained by serotype-specific efficacy of TAK-003. Within 28 days of any vaccination, the proportions of participants with serious adverse events in the YF/JE prior vaccination population were comparable between the TAK-003 and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS The available data do not suggest a clinically relevant impact of prior JE or YF vaccination on TAK-003 performance. Overall, TAK-003 was well-tolerated and efficacious in different epidemiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Xavier Saez-Llorens
- Hospital del Niño Dr José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediátrica (CEIP), Universidad del Valle and Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Lulu Bravo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Luis Rivera
- Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Delia Yu
- De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - LakKumar Fernando
- Centre for Clinical Management of Dengue & Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital Santo Antônio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dulanie Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenenpura, Sri Lanka
| | - Kleber Luz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Huihao Fan
- Clinchoice Inc, Fort Washington, PA, USA
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Tricou V, Yu D, Reynales H, Biswal S, Saez-Llorens X, Sirivichayakul C, Lopez P, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Kosalaraksa P, Vargas LM, Alera MT, Rivera L, Watanaveeradej V, Dietze R, Fernando L, Wickramasinghe VP, Moreira ED, Fernando AD, Gunasekera D, Luz K, Oliveira AL, Tuboi S, Escudero I, Hutagalung Y, Lloyd E, Rauscher M, Zent O, Folschweiller N, LeFevre I, Espinoza F, Wallace D. Long-term efficacy and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003): 4·5-year results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e257-e270. [PMID: 38245116 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About half of the world's population lives in dengue-endemic areas. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of two doses of the tetravalent dengue vaccine TAK-003 in preventing symptomatic dengue disease of any severity and due to any dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in children and adolescents. METHODS In this ongoing double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled healthy participants aged 4-16 years at 26 medical and research centres across eight dengue-endemic countries (Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand). The main exclusion criteria were febrile illness (body temperature ≥38°C) at the time of randomisation, hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the vaccine components, pregnancy or breastfeeding, serious chronic or progressive disease, impaired or altered immune function, and previous receipt of a dengue vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 (stratified by age and region) using an interactive web response system and dynamic block assignment to receive two subcutaneous doses of TAK-003 or placebo 3 months apart. Investigators, participants, and their parents or legal guardians were blinded to group assignments. Active febrile illness surveillance and RT-PCR testing of febrile illness episodes were performed for identification of virologically confirmed dengue. Efficacy outcomes were assessed in the safety analysis set (all randomly assigned participants who received ≥1 dose) and the per protocol set (all participants who had no major protocol violations), and included cumulative vaccine efficacy from first vaccination to approximately 4·5 years after the second vaccination. Serious adverse events were monitored throughout. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02747927. FINDINGS Between Sept 7, 2016, and March 31, 2017, 20 099 participants were randomly assigned (TAK-003, n=13 401; placebo, n=6698). 20 071 participants (10 142 [50·5%] males; 9929 [49·5%] females; safety set) received TAK-003 or placebo, with 18 257 (91·0%) completing approximately 4·5 years of follow-up after the second vaccination (TAK-003, 12 177/13 380; placebo, 6080/6687). Overall, 1007 (placebo: 560; TAK-003: 447) of 27 684 febrile illnesses reported were virologically confirmed dengue, with 188 cases (placebo: 142; TAK-003: 46) requiring hospitalisation. Cumulative vaccine efficacy was 61·2% (95% CI 56·0-65·8) against virologically confirmed dengue and 84·1% (77·8-88·6) against hospitalised virologically confirmed dengue; corresponding efficacies were 53·5% (41·6-62·9) and 79·3% (63·5-88·2) in baseline seronegative participants (safety set). In an exploratory analysis, vaccine efficacy was shown against all four serotypes in baseline seropositive participants. In baseline seronegative participants, vaccine efficacy was shown against DENV-1 and DENV-2 but was not observed against DENV-3 and low incidence precluded evaluation against DENV-4. During part 3 of the trial (approximately 22-57 months after the first vaccination), serious adverse events were reported for 664 (5·0%) of 13 380 TAK-003 recipients and 396 (5·9%) of 6687 placebo recipients; 17 deaths (6 in the placebo group and 11 in the TAK-003 group) were reported, none were considered study-vaccine related. INTERPRETATION TAK-003 demonstrated long-term efficacy and safety against all four DENV serotypes in previously exposed individuals and against DENV-1 and DENV-2 in dengue-naive individuals. FUNDING Takeda Vaccines. TRANSLATIONS For the Portuguese, Spanish translations and plain language summary of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Tricou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Delia Yu
- Pediatrics, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Humberto Reynales
- Clinical Research, Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, CAIMED, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Xavier Saez-Llorens
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama
| | - Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pio Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad del Valle and Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Clinical Research Division, Research Institute For Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Lulu Bravo
- Pediatrics, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Philippines
| | - Pope Kosalaraksa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Maria Theresa Alera
- Virology, Philippines-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Virology Research Unit, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Luis Rivera
- Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Veerachai Watanaveeradej
- Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude-UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | - LakKumar Fernando
- Centre for Clinical Management of Dengue & Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital Santo Antônio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dulanie Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenenpura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kleber Luz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Oliveira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olaf Zent
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Inge LeFevre
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland; Regulatory Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
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López-Medina E, Biswal S, Saez-Llorens X, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Sirivichayakul C, Vargas LM, Alera MT, Velásquez H, Reynales H, Rivera L, Watanaveeradej V, Rodriguez-Arenales EJ, Yu D, Espinoza F, Dietze R, Fernando LK, Wickramasinghe P, Duarte Moreira E, Fernando AD, Gunasekera D, Luz K, da Cunha RV, Tricou V, Rauscher M, Liu M, LeFevre I, Wallace D, Kosalaraksa P, Borkowski A. Efficacy of a Dengue Vaccine Candidate (TAK-003) in Healthy Children and Adolescents 2 Years after Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1521-1532. [PMID: 33319249 PMCID: PMC9071282 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takeda's dengue vaccine is under evaluation in an ongoing phase 3 efficacy study; we present a 2-year update. METHODS Children (20 099, 4-16 years old) were randomized to receive 2 doses of TAK-003 or placebo 3 months apart and are under surveillance to detect dengue by serotype-specific RT-PCR. RESULTS Cumulative efficacy against dengue approximately 27 months since first dose was 72.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.1%-77.3%), including 67.0% (95% CI, 53.6%-76.5%) in dengue-naive and 89.2% (95% CI, 82.4%-93.3%) against hospitalized dengue. In the second year, decline in efficacy was observed (56.2%; 95% CI, 42.3%-66.8%) with the largest decline in 4-5 year olds (24.5%; 95% CI, -34.2% to 57.5%); efficacy was 60.6% (95% CI, 43.8%-72.4%) in 6-11 year and 71.2% (95% CI, 41.0%-85.9%) in 12-16 year age groups. As TAK-003 efficacy varies by serotype, changes in serotype dominance partially contributed to efficacy differences in year-by-year analysis. No related serious adverse events occurred during the second year. CONCLUSIONS TAK-003 demonstrated continued benefit independent of baseline serostatus in reducing dengue with some decline in efficacy during the second year. Three-year data will be important to see if efficacy stabilizes or declines further.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02747927.Takeda's tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) continued to demonstrate benefit in reducing dengue independent of baseline serostatus up to 2 years after completing vaccination with some decline in efficacy during the second year in 4-16 year olds in dengue-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad del Valle and Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Xavier Saez-Llorens
- Hospital del Niño Dr José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro de Vacunación Internacional, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Lulu Bravo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Philippines
| | - Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luis Martinez Vargas
- Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica Dominicana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Maria Theresa Alera
- Philippines-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Virology Research Unit, Cebu City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Luis Rivera
- Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | | | - Delia Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lak Kumar Fernando
- Centre for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital Santo Antônio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dulanie Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenenpura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kleber Luz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Vianney Tricou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mengya Liu
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inge LeFevre
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rivera L, Biswal S, Sáez-Llorens X, Reynales H, López-Medina E, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Sirivichayakul C, Kosalaraksa P, Martinez Vargas L, Yu D, Watanaveeradej V, Espinoza F, Dietze R, Fernando L, Wickramasinghe P, Duarte Moreira E, Fernando AD, Gunasekera D, Luz K, Venâncio da Cunha R, Rauscher M, Zent O, Liu M, Hoffman E, LeFevre I, Tricou V, Wallace D, Alera MT, Borkowski A. Three years efficacy and safety of Takeda's dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003). Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:107-117. [PMID: 34606595 PMCID: PMC9402653 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Takeda’s live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) is under evaluation in a long-term clinical trial across 8 dengue-endemic countries. Previously, we have reported its efficacy and safety in both seronegative and seropositive participants and that its performance varies by serotype, with some decline in efficacy from first to second year postvaccination. This exploratory analysis provides an update with cumulative and third-year data. Methods Healthy 4–16 year olds (n = 20099) were randomized 2:1 to receive TAK-003 or placebo (0, 3 month schedule). The protocol included baseline serostatus testing of all participants and detection of all symptomatic dengue throughout the trial with a serotype specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results Cumulative efficacy after 3 years was 62.0% (95% confidence interval, 56.6–66.7) against virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) and 83.6% (76.8–88.4) against hospitalized VCD. Efficacy was 54.3% (41.9–64.1) against VCD and 77.1% (58.6–87.3) against hospitalized VCD in baseline seronegatives, and 65.0% (58.9–70.1) against VCD and 86.0% (78.4–91.0) against hospitalized VCD in baseline seropositives. Efficacy against VCD during the third year declined to 44.7% (32.5–54.7), whereas efficacy against hospitalized VCD was sustained at 70.8% (49.6–83.0). Rates of serious adverse events were 2.9% in TAK-003 group and 3.5% in placebo group during the ongoing long-term follow-up (ie, second half of the 3 years following vaccination), but none were related. No important safety risks were identified. Conclusions TAK-003 was efficacious against symptomatic dengue over 3 years. Efficacy declined over time but remained robust against hospitalized dengue. A booster dose evaluation is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rivera
- Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Xavier Sáez-Llorens
- Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad del Valle and Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Lulu Bravo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Philippines
| | - Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Delia Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | | | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude-UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | - LakKumar Fernando
- Centre for Clinical Management of Dengue & Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital Santo Antônio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dulanie Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenenpura, Sri Lanka
| | - Kleber Luz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olaf Zent
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG., Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Inge LeFevre
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG., Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vianney Tricou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG., Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Theresa Alera
- Philippines-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Virology Research Unit, Cebu City, Philippines
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Biswal S, Borja-Tabora C, Martinez Vargas L, Velásquez H, Theresa Alera M, Sierra V, Johana Rodriguez-Arenales E, Yu D, Wickramasinghe VP, Duarte Moreira E, Fernando AD, Gunasekera D, Kosalaraksa P, Espinoza F, López-Medina E, Bravo L, Tuboi S, Hutagalung Y, Garbes P, Escudero I, Rauscher M, Bizjajeva S, LeFevre I, Borkowski A, Saez-Llorens X, Wallace D. Efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children aged 4-16 years: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2020; 395:1423-1433. [PMID: 32197105 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial unmet need remains for safe and effective vaccines against dengue virus disease, particularly for individuals who are dengue-naive and those younger than 9 years. We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) in healthy children aged 4-16 years. METHODS We present data up to 18 months post-vaccination from an ongoing phase 3, randomised, double-blind trial of TAK-003 in endemic regions of Asia and Latin America (26 medical and research centres across Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand). Healthy children aged 4-16 years were randomly assigned 2:1 (stratified by age and region) to receive two doses of TAK-003 or two doses of placebo, 3 months apart. Investigators, participants and their parents or guardians, and sponsor representatives advising on trial conduct were masked to trial group assignments. Participants presenting with febrile illness were tested for virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) by serotype-specific RT-PCR. In timeframes beginning 30 days post-second dose, the primary endpoint (overall vaccine efficacy) was assessed in the first 11 months, and the secondary endpoints (efficacy by baseline serostatus, serotype, hospitalised dengue, and severe dengue) in the first 17 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02747927. FINDINGS 20 099 participants were randomly assigned and vaccinated between Sept 7, 2016, and Aug 18, 2017; 19 021 (94·6%) were included in the per protocol analysis, and 20 071 (99·9%) in the safety set. The primary endpoint was achieved with an overall vaccine efficacy of 80·2% (95% CI 73·3 to 85·3; 61 cases of VCD in the TAK-003 group vs 149 cases of VCD in the placebo group). In the secondary endpoint assessment timeframe, an overall vaccine efficacy of 73·3% (95% CI 66·5 to 78·8) was observed. Analysis of secondary endpoints showed efficacies of 76·1% (95% CI 68·5 to 81·9) in individuals who were seropositive at baseline, 66·2% (49·1 to 77·5) in individuals who were seronegative at baseline, 90·4% (82·6 to 94·7) against hospitalised dengue, and 85·9% (31·9 to 97·1) against dengue haemorrhagic fever. Efficacy varied by individual serotypes (DENV 1, 69·8% [95% CI 54·8 to 79·9]; DENV 2, 95·1% [89·9 to 97·6]; DENV 3, 48·9% [27·2 to 64·1]; DENV 4, 51·0% [-69·4 to 85·8]). Cumulative rates of serious adverse events were similar in TAK-003 (4·0%) and placebo (4·8%) recipients, and were consistent with expected medical disorders in the study population. Infection was the most frequent reason leading to serious adverse events. 20 participants (<0·1% of the safety set) were withdrawn from the trial due to 21 adverse events by the end of part two; 14 of these participants received TAK-003 and six received placebo. INTERPRETATION TAK-003 was well tolerated and efficacious against symptomatic dengue in children regardless of serostatus before immunisation. Vaccine efficacy varied by serotype, warranting continued follow-up to assess longer-term vaccine performance. FUNDING Takeda Vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Martinez Vargas
- Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Dominicana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Maria Theresa Alera
- Philippines-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Virology Research Unit, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Victor Sierra
- Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Yopal, Colombia
| | | | - Delia Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital Santo Antônio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dulanie Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenenpura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Universidad del Valle and Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lulu Bravo
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Inge LeFevre
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Xavier Saez-Llorens
- Hospital del Niño Dr José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama
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Biswal S, Reynales H, Saez-Llorens X, Lopez P, Borja-Tabora C, Kosalaraksa P, Sirivichayakul C, Watanaveeradej V, Rivera L, Espinoza F, Fernando L, Dietze R, Luz K, Venâncio da Cunha R, Jimeno J, López-Medina E, Borkowski A, Brose M, Rauscher M, LeFevre I, Bizjajeva S, Bravo L, Wallace D. Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Healthy Children and Adolescents. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:2009-2019. [PMID: 31693803 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1903869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, was designated a World Health Organization top 10 threat to global health in 2019. METHODS We present primary efficacy data from part 1 of an ongoing phase 3 randomized trial of a tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) in regions of Asia and Latin America in which the disease is endemic. Healthy children and adolescents 4 to 16 years of age were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio (stratified according to age category and region) to receive two doses of vaccine or placebo 3 months apart. Participants presenting with febrile illness were tested for virologically confirmed dengue by serotype-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The primary end point was overall vaccine efficacy in preventing virologically confirmed dengue caused by any dengue virus serotype. RESULTS Of the 20,071 participants who were given at least one dose of vaccine or placebo (safety population), 19,021 (94.8%) received both injections and were included in the per-protocol analysis. The overall vaccine efficacy in the safety population was 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.2 to 85.3; 78 cases per 13,380 [0.5 per 100 person-years] in the vaccine group vs. 199 cases per 6687 [2.5 per 100 person-years] in the placebo group). In the per-protocol analyses, vaccine efficacy was 80.2% (95% CI, 73.3 to 85.3; 61 cases of virologically confirmed dengue in the vaccine group vs. 149 cases in the placebo group), with 95.4% efficacy against dengue leading to hospitalization (95% CI, 88.4 to 98.2; 5 hospitalizations in the vaccine group vs. 53 hospitalizations in the placebo group). Planned exploratory analyses involving the 27.7% of the per-protocol population that was seronegative at baseline showed vaccine efficacy of 74.9% (95% CI, 57.0 to 85.4; 20 cases of virologically confirmed dengue in the vaccine group vs. 39 cases in the placebo group). Efficacy trends varied according to serotype. The incidence of serious adverse events was similar in the vaccine group and placebo group (3.1% and 3.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TAK-003 was efficacious against symptomatic dengue in countries in which the disease is endemic. (Funded by Takeda Vaccines; TIDES ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02747927.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibadas Biswal
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Humberto Reynales
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Xavier Saez-Llorens
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Pio Lopez
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Pope Kosalaraksa
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Chukiat Sirivichayakul
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Veerachai Watanaveeradej
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Luis Rivera
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Felix Espinoza
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - LakKumar Fernando
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Kleber Luz
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - José Jimeno
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Astrid Borkowski
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Manja Brose
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Martina Rauscher
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Inge LeFevre
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Svetlana Bizjajeva
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Lulu Bravo
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
| | - Derek Wallace
- From Takeda Vaccines, Singapore (S. Biswal); Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica, Bogota (H.R.), and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediatrica, Centro Médico Imbanaco and Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali (P.L., E.L.-M.) - both in Colombia; the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT), Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama (X.S.-L., J.J.); the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa (C.B.-T.), and the University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita (L.B.) - both in the Philippines; Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (P.K.), and the Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (C.S.), and Phramongkutklao Hospital (V.W.), Bangkok - all in Thailand; Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (L.R.); National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (F.E.); Center for Clinical Management of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Negombo General Hospital, Negombo, Sri Lanka (L.K.F.); Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Vitória (R.D.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal (K.L.), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande (R.V.C.) - all in Brazil; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., M.B., M.R., I.L., S. Bizjajeva); and Takeda Vaccines, Boston (D.W.)
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7
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Novo PE, Galdeano F, Espinoza F, Quarin CL. Cytogenetic relationships, polyploid origin and taxonomic issues in Paspalum species: inter- and intraspecific hybrids between a sexual synthetic autotetraploid and five wild apomictic tetraploid species. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:267-277. [PMID: 30382601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paspalum is a noteworthy grass genus due to the forage quality of most species, with approximately 330 species, and the high proportion of those that reproduce via apomixis. Harnessing apomictic reproduction and widening knowledge about the cytogenetic relationships among species are essential tools for plant breeding. We conducted cytogenetic analyses of inter- and intraspecific hybridisations involving a sexual, colchicine-induced autotetraploid plant of P. plicatulum Michx. and five indigenous apomictic tetraploid (2n = 40) species: P. compressifolium Swallen, P. lenticulare Kunth, two accessions of P. nicorae Parodi, P. rojasii Hack. and two accessions of P. plicatulum. Fertility of the hybrids was investigated and their reproductive system was analysed considering the relative embryo:endosperm DNA content from flow cytometry. Morphological, nomenclatural and taxonomic issues were also analysed. Cytogenetic analysis suggested that all indigenous tetraploid accessions of five apomictic species are autotetraploid or segmental allotetraploid. If segmental allotetraploids, they probably originated through autoploidy followed by diploidisation processes. Autosyndetic male chromosome pairing observed in all hybrid families supported this assertion. Allosyndetic chromosome associations were also observed in all hybrid families. In the hybrids, the proportion of male parent chromosomes involved in allosyndesis per pollen mother cell varied from 5.5% to 35.0% and the maximum was between 25% and 60%. The apomictic condition of the indigenous male parents segregated in the hybrids. These results confirm a strong association between autoploidy and apomixis in Paspalum, and the existence of cytogenetic relationships between different species of the Plicatula group. Allosyndetic chromosome pairing and seed fertility of the hybrids suggest the feasibility of gene transfer among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Novo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - F Galdeano
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - F Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C L Quarin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
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8
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Aguirre-Rubí JR, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Izagirre U, Etxebarria N, Espinoza F, Marigómez I. Prospective biomonitor and sentinel bivalve species for pollution monitoring and ecosystem health disturbance assessment in mangrove-lined Nicaraguan coasts. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:186-200. [PMID: 30173028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aims at contributing to the use of Polymesoda arctata, Anadara tuberculosa, and Larkinia grandis as prospective biomonitors and sentinels, surrogate of Crassostrea rhizophorae for pollution biomonitoring in mangrove-lined coastal systems. Localities were selected along the Nicaraguan coastline in the rainy and dry seasons during 2012-2013: A. tuberculosa and L. grandis were collected in the Pacific, and P. arctata in the Caribbean. The tissue concentration of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were integrated into pollution indices (chemical pollution index -CPI- and pollution load index -PLI-) and biological endpoints (flesh-condition, reproduction, histopathology and stress-on-stress) were determined as biomarkers of ecosystem health disturbance. In the Caribbean, contaminant tissue concentration was low in P. arctata, with some exceptions. Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Ni and V were mainly recorded during dry season, and PAHs and POPs (HCHs, DDTs, AHTN, PCBs and BDE85) during rainy season. Metals and PAHs were not a major threat in the study area; in contrast, high levels of HCHs and DDTs and low-to-moderate levels of musk fragrances and PBDEs were recorded. Minor differences were found in biological parameters albeit during the rainy season the LT50 values were low and seemingly associated to high PLI and CPI values. In the Pacific, the main pollutants recorded in A. tuberculosa and L. grandis were HCHs, DDTs, AHTN and PDBEs in rainy season and Cd in dry season. Although basic research is needed to understand the general biology, ecology and diseases in these Pacific species, biological endpoints comparable to those used in other sentinel bivalves are seemingly suitable biomarkers of health disturbance. Overall, Caribbean P. arctata and Pacific A. tuberculosa and L. grandis seem to be potential target species for pollution monitoring and ecosystem health disturbance assessment in mangrove-lined Nicaraguan coastal systems. Their use together with C. rhizophorae would provide opportunities for common approaches to be applied in inter-ocean countries of the Mesoamerican region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Aguirre-Rubí
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station; PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station; PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station; PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station; PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; IBEA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station; PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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9
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Bucardo F, Reyes Y, Becker-Dreps S, Bowman N, Gruber JF, Vinjé J, Espinoza F, Paniagua M, Balmaseda A, Svensson L, Nordgren J. Pediatric norovirus GII.4 infections in Nicaragua, 1999-2015. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 55:305-312. [PMID: 28982545 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate clinical and epidemiological factors of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Nicaragua between 1999 and 2015. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed laboratory and epidemiologic data from 1,790 children≤7years with AGE from 6 hospitals in Nicaragua (n=538), and 3 community clinics (n=919) and households (n=333) in León, between 1999 and 2015. Moreover, asymptomatic children from community clinics (n=162) and households (n=105) were enrolled. Norovirus was detected by real-time PCR and genotyped by sequencing the N-terminal and shell region of the capsid gene. RESULTS Norovirus was found in 19% (n=338) and 12% (n=32) of children with and without AGE, respectively. In total, 20 genotypes including a tentatively new genotype were detected. Among children with AGE, the most common genotypes were GII.4 (53%), GII.14 (7%), GII.3 (6%) and GI.3 (6%). In contrast, only one (1.4%) GII.4 was found in asymptomatic children. The prevalence of GII.4 infections was significantly higher in children between 7 and 12months of age. The prevalence of GII.4 was lowest in households (38%), followed by community clinics (50%) and hospitals (75%). Several different GII.4 variants were detected and their emergence followed the global temporal trend. CONCLUSIONS Overall our study found the predominance of pediatric GII.4 norovirus infections in Nicaragua mostly occurring in children between 7 and 12months of age, implicating GII.4 as the main norovirus vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemón Bucardo
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua.
| | - Yaoska Reyes
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Bowman
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joann F Gruber
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felix Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Espinoza F, González F, Badilla A, Monckeberg G, Chea R, Pefaur J, Llanos C, Martinez M, Valenzuela O, Silva F, Areny R, Alamo M, Court A, Tapia R, Khoury M, Figueroa F. Randomized controlled clinical trial to assess dose-response and efficacy of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in severe lupus nephritis. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Galdeano F, Urbani MH, Sartor ME, Honfi AI, Espinoza F, Quarin CL. Relative DNA content in diploid, polyploid, and multiploid species of Paspalum (Poaceae) with relation to reproductive mode and taxonomy. J Plant Res 2016; 129:697-710. [PMID: 26965283 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that polyploids have downsized basic genomes rather than additive values with respect to their related diploids. Changes in genome size have been reported in correlation with several biological characteristics. About 75 % of around 350 species recognized for Paspalum (Poaceae) are polyploid and most polyploids are apomictic. Multiploid species are common with most of them bearing sexual diploid and apomictic tetraploid or other ploidy levels. DNA content in the embryo and the endosperm was measured by flow cytometry in a seed-by-seed analysis of 47 species including 77 different entities. The relative DNA content of the embryo informed the genome size of the accession while the embryo:endosperm ratio of DNA content revealed its reproductive mode. The genome sizes (2C-value) varied from 0.5 to 6.5 pg and for 29 species were measured for the first time. Flow cytometry provided new information on the reproductive mode for 12 species and one botanical variety and supplied new data for 10 species concerning cytotypes reported for the first time. There was no significant difference between the mean basic genome sizes (1Cx-values) of 32 sexual and 45 apomictic entities. Seventeen entities were diploid and 60 were polyploids with different degrees. There were no clear patterns of changes in 1Cx-values due to polyploidy or reproductive systems, and the existing variations are in concordance with subgeneric taxonomical grouping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Galdeano
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - M H Urbani
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M E Sartor
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - A I Honfi
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET-UNaM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Rivadavia 2370, 3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - F Espinoza
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C L Quarin
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Becker-Dreps S, Allali I, Monteagudo A, Vilchez S, Hudgens MG, Rogawski ET, Carroll IM, Zambrana LE, Espinoza F, Azcarate-Peril MA. Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:1187-93. [PMID: 26350452 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the gut microbiota is affected by diarrhea episodes may help explain alterations in intestinal function among children in low-income settings. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome of Nicaraguan children both during diarrhea episodes and while free of diarrhea for at least 2 months. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness were determined by 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between paired diarrhea and recovery samples. A total of 66 stools were provided by 25 children enrolled in a 1-year cohort study of diarrhea etiologies. Children in our cohort had a mean age of 21.9 months; 64% were breast-fed, and 10% had received an antibiotic during the diarrhea episode. Overall, phylogenetic diversity and species richness did not differ significantly between diarrhea and recovery stools. However, of children who had a bacterial enteropathogen detected in any diarrhea stool, none experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery, whereas of those in whom no bacterial enteropathogens were detected in their diarrhea stool(s), 59% experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery (P = 0.008). This preliminary study suggests that recovery of the gut microbiota after a diarrhea episode may take longer time than previously thought and may be pathogen specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Imane Allali
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Monteagudo
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth T Rogawski
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Luis Enrique Zambrana
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Felix Espinoza
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Demographic and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Espinoza F, Pers YM, Chuchana P, Brondello JM, Jorgensen C. A5.4 Repression of wolf-hischhorn syndrome candidate-1 (WHSC1) contributes to osteoarthritis-inducing cartilage loss of functions. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205124.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vilchez S, Becker-Dreps S, Amaya E, Perez C, Paniagua M, Reyes D, Espinoza F, Weintraub A. Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from Nicaraguan children in hospital, primary care and community settings. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:729-734. [PMID: 24554743 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.066779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea among young children in developing countries. ETEC vaccines offer promise in reducing the burden of ETEC disease, but the development of these vaccines relies on the characterization of ETEC isolates from a variety of settings. To best reflect the full spectrum of ETEC disease in León, Nicaragua, the aim of this study was to characterize ETEC strains isolated from children with diarrhoea attending different settings (hospital, primary care clinics and in the community) and children from different age groups. We characterized ETEC isolates in terms of their colonization factors (CFs) and enterotoxins, and determined whether these factors varied with setting and age group. Diarrhoeal stool samples were obtained from children under the age of 60 months from: (1) the regional public hospital, (2) four public primary care clinics, and (3) a population-based cohort. In total, 58 ETEC-positive isolates were analysed by multiplex-PCR assays for the identification of CFs (CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7, CS8, CS12, CS13, CS14, CS15, CS17, CS18, CS19, CS20, CS21, CS22 and CFA/I), and enterotoxins [heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable variants STh and STp]. The frequency of CFs and enterotoxins was compared among the three settings and for different age groups, using Fisher's exact test or a χ(2) test. At least one CF was detected among one-half of samples; CS19 was detected among all strains in which a CF was identified, either alone or in combination with another CF. Among all CFs detected, 91.7 % were identified as members of the class 5 fimbrial family. CFs were detected more commonly among samples from infants captured in the health facility setting compared with the community setting. Overall, LT was detected among 67.2 % of samples, STh was detected among 20.7 % and both enterotoxins were detected among 12.1 %. The enterotoxin STh was detected more commonly among cases in the community, whilst a combination of STh and LT was detected more commonly among cases treated in health facilities. Our results suggest that, to protect against diarrhoeal cases associated with this E. coli pathotype in León, Nicaragua, an ETEC vaccine that effectively targets the archeotype CFA/I of the class 5 fimbrial family would be the most effective in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vilchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 590 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erick Amaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Claudia Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Margarita Paniagua
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Felix Espinoza
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - Andrej Weintraub
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bucardo F, Meza-Lucas A, Espinoza F, García-Jerónimo RC, García-Rodea R, Correa D. The seroprevalence ofTaenia soliumcysticercosis among epileptic patients in León, Nicaragua, as evaluated by ELISA and western blotting. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 99:41-5. [PMID: 15701254 DOI: 10.1179/136485905x19856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is an important public-health problem in several countries, where many epileptic seizures appear to be associated with neurocysticercosis. As few data on this problem in Nicaragua exist, the seroprevalence of antibodies reacting with antigens from T. solium cysticerci was investigated among 88 Nicaraguan epileptics (45 males and 43 females, aged 6-53 years). In questionnaire-based interviews, each adult subject and a caregiver of each child investigated were asked about potential risk factors for taeniasis/cysticercosis. When a serum sample from each subject was then checked for anti-cysticercus antibodies, 8.0% of the subjects were found seropositive by ELISA and 14.8% by western blotting. Five samples (all from individuals who had been epileptic for > 5 years) were positive in both tests. When the level of association between each potential risk factor and seropositivity (in ELISA or by blotting) was evaluated, the only statistically significant association detected was that between a positive ELISA and the subject living in a household where pigs were raised (odds ratio = 5.18; 95% confidence interval = 0.8-41.6; P = 0.05). The bands most frequently recognized in the western blots (of 50, 42-39, 24 and 14 kDa) were those previously reported. The results indicate that, in the city of Léon, cysticercosis may be endemic and the cause of a significant proportion of the epilepsy recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bucardo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
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Bourdett-Stanziola L, Ortega-Barria E, Espinoza F, Bucardo F, Jimenez C, Ferrera A. Rotavirus Genotypes in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and the Dominican Republic. Intervirology 2011; 54:49-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000318863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Espinoza F, Tregnaghi M, Gentile A, Abarca K, Casellas J, Collard A, Lefevre I, Jacquet JM. Primary and booster vaccination in Latin American children with a DTPw-HBV/Hib combination: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:297. [PMID: 20950456 PMCID: PMC2967556 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTPw)-based combination vaccines are an attractive option to rapidly achieve high coverage and protection against other important pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). To ensure adequate antigen supply, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals has introduced a new DTPw antigen source and developed a new DTPw-HBV/Hib combination vaccine containing a reduced amount of Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP). This study was undertaken to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of this new DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine with a licensed DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine (Tritanrix™-HBV/Hib). METHODS This was a randomized, partially-blind, multicenter study in three countries in Latin America (Argentina, Chile and Nicaragua). Healthy children received either the new DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine (1 of 3 lots; n = 439; double-blind) or Tritanrix™-HBV/Hib (n = 146; single-blind) co-administered with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) at 2, 4 and 6 months, with a booster dose at 18-24 months. RESULTS One month after the end of the 3-dose primary vaccination course, the new DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine was non-inferior to Tritanrix™-HBV/Hib in terms of seroprotection/vaccine response rates for all component antigens; ≥97.3% and ≥93.9% of subjects in the two groups, respectively, had seroprotective levels of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hib and a vaccine response to the pertussis component. Persistence of antibodies against all vaccine antigens was comparable between groups, with marked increases in all antibody concentrations after booster administration in both groups. Both vaccines were generally well-tolerated as primary and booster doses. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the suitability of this new DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine comprising antigens from a new source and a reduced PRP content for inclusion into routine childhood vaccination programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00332566.
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Bourdett-Stanziola L, Ortega-Barria E, Espinoza F, Bucardo F, Jimenez C, Ferrera A. Rotavirus genotypes in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and the Dominican Republic. Intervirology 2010; 53:390-3. [PMID: 20606460 DOI: 10.1159/000317288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 574 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis were obtained from different hospitals in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic during 2005-2006. Diarrhea stool samples were analyzed for rotavirus by ELISA and typed by the RT-PCR-based method. Unusual strains were detected: G1P6, G2P8, G3P6, G9P4 and mixed infections. Recent studies have indicated that unusual human rotavirus strains are emerging as global strains, which has important implications for effective vaccine development. In this context, the next generation of rotavirus vaccines will need to provide adequate protection against diseases caused not only by mixed infections, but also by unusual G/P combinations.
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Aránguiz R, Espinoza F, Muñoz J, CETRAM. P1.119 Quality of life in Chilean Parkinson's disease patients: assessment using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Short Form. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Linhares AC, Velázquez FR, Pérez-Schael I, Sáez-Llorens X, Abate H, Espinoza F, López P, Macías-Parra M, Ortega-Barría E, Rivera-Medina DM, Rivera L, Pavía-Ruz N, Nuñez E, Damaso S, Ruiz-Palacios GM, De Vos B, O'Ryan M, Gillard P, Bouckenooghe A. Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. Lancet 2008; 371:1181-9. [PMID: 18395579 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. We therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. METHODS 15 183 healthy infants aged 6-13 weeks from ten Latin American countries randomly assigned in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive two oral doses of RIX4414 or placebo at about 2 and 4 months of age in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study were followed up until about 2 years of age. Primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy from 2 weeks after dose two until 1 year of age. Treatment allocation was concealed from investigators and parents of participating infants. Efficacy follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks after dose two until about 2 years of age. Analysis was according to protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00140673 (eTrack444563-023). FINDINGS 897 infants were excluded from the according-to-protocol analysis. Fewer cases (p<0.0001) of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were recorded for the combined 2-year period in the RIX4414 group (32 [0.4%] of 7205; 95% CI 0.3-0.6) than in the placebo group (161 [2.3%] of 7081; 1.9-2.6), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 80.5% (71.3-87.1) to 82.1% (64.6-91.9) against wild-type G1, 77.5% (64.7-86.2) against pooled non-G1 strains, and 80.5% (67.9-88.8) against pooled non-G1 P[8] strains. Vaccine efficacy for hospital admission for rotavirus gastroenteritis was 83.0% (73.1-89.7) and for admission for diarrhoea of any cause was 39.3% (29.1-48.1). No cases of intussusception were reported during the second year of follow-up. INTERPRETATION Two doses of RIX4414 were effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a Latin American setting. Inclusion of RIX4414 in routine paediatric immunisations should reduce the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Linhares
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministry of Health, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Bucardo F, Karlsson B, Nordgren J, Paniagua M, González A, Amador JJ, Espinoza F, Svensson L. Mutated G4P[8] rotavirus associated with a nationwide outbreak of gastroenteritis in Nicaragua in 2005. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:990-7. [PMID: 17229854 PMCID: PMC1829148 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01992-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During February and March 2005, one of the largest national recorded outbreaks of severe acute gastroenteritis occurred in Nicaragua, affecting >or=64,000 individuals and causing >or=56 deaths, predominantly in children under 5 years of age. Through a nationwide laboratory-based study, stool samples were collected and investigated for rotavirus. Of 108 stool samples examined, 72 (67%) were positive for rotavirus. While 69% (50/72) of the positive samples were found in children less than 2 years of age, 50% (6/12) of the adult samples were positive. A mutated G4P[8] strain was the most commonly recognized strain (85%), followed by mixed G strains (8%) and G9P[8] (7%) strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene revealed that the G4 strains belonged to the emerging lineage Ic and was distantly related to the ST3 and VA70 G4 strains. Secondary structure predictions of the VP7 G4 protein revealed an insert of an asparagine residue in position 76, which, combined with additional mutations, surprisingly modified two downstream beta-sheets at amino acid positions 80 to 85 and 115 to 119. The 2005 G4P[8] strain compared to a G4P[8] strain from 2002 had a substitution of an asparagine residue for threonine (Asn-->Thr) at position 96 within antigenic region A, thus eliminating a potential glycosylation site. The mutated G4 virus was introduced in Nicaragua after 2002 and probably emerged from Brazil, Argentina, or Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemon Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
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Abstract
The present study reports the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in León, Nicaragua during three years. There was a shift of G and P genotypes with increment of one specific genotype during the second most important peak of diarrhea occurring in the beginning of every year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Espinoza
- Department of Microbiology, University of León, León, Nicaragua
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Rodríguez-Díaz J, Banasaz M, Istrate C, Buesa J, Lundgren O, Espinoza F, Sundqvist T, Rottenberg M, Svensson L. Role of nitric oxide during rotavirus infection. J Med Virol 2006; 78:979-85. [PMID: 16721855 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms behind rotavirus-induced diarrhoea still remain incomplete. Current views suggest that the non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) of rotavirus and the enteric nervous system (ENS) participate in water secretion and diarrhoea. In the present work the role of nitric oxide (NO) in rotavirus infection and disease has been studied in vitro, mice and humans. Incubation of human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) with purified NSP4 but not with infectious virus produced NO2/NO3 accumulation in the incubation media. The NSP4-induced release of NO metabolites occurred within the first minutes after the addition of the toxin. Mice infected with murine rotavirus (strain EDIM) accumulated NO2/NO3 in the urine at the onset for diarrhoea. Following rotavirus infection, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) mRNA was upregulated in ileum, but not in duodenum or jejunum of newborn pups within 5 days post-infection. A prospective clinical study including 46 children with acute rotavirus infection and age-matched controls concluded that rotavirus infection stimulates NO production during the course of the disease (P < 0.001). These observations identify NO as an important mediator of host responses during rotavirus infection.
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Ruiz-Palacios GM, Pérez-Schael I, Velázquez FR, Abate H, Breuer T, Clemens SC, Cheuvart B, Espinoza F, Gillard P, Innis BL, Cervantes Y, Linhares AC, López P, Macías-Parra M, Ortega-Barría E, Richardson V, Rivera-Medina DM, Rivera L, Salinas B, Pavía-Ruz N, Salmerón J, Rüttimann R, Tinoco JC, Rubio P, Nuñez E, Guerrero ML, Yarzábal JP, Damaso S, Tornieporth N, Sáez-Llorens X, Vergara RF, Vesikari T, Bouckenooghe A, Clemens R, De Vos B, O'Ryan M. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:11-22. [PMID: 16394298 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa052434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1267] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of an attenuated G1P[8] human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine were tested in a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial. METHODS We studied 63,225 healthy infants from 11 Latin American countries and Finland who received two oral doses of either the HRV vaccine (31,673 infants) or placebo (31,552 infants) at approximately two months and four months of age. Severe gastroenteritis episodes were identified by active surveillance. The severity of disease was graded with the use of the 20-point Vesikari scale. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated in a subgroup of 20,169 infants (10,159 vaccinees and 10,010 placebo recipients). RESULTS The efficacy of the vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and against rotavirus-associated hospitalization was 85 percent (P<0.001 for the comparison with placebo) and reached 100 percent against more severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Hospitalization for diarrhea of any cause was reduced by 42 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 53 percent; P<0.001). During the 31-day window after each dose, six vaccine recipients and seven placebo recipients had definite intussusception (difference in risk, -0.32 per 10,000 infants; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.91 to 2.18; P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteritis from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00139347 and NCT00263666.)
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Lovmar L, Fock C, Espinoza F, Bucardo F, Syvänen AC, Bondeson K. Microarrays for genotyping human group a rotavirus by multiplex capture and type-specific primer extension. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5153-8. [PMID: 14605152 PMCID: PMC262494 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.11.5153-5158.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human group A rotavirus (HRV) is the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. HRV shares the feature of a high degree of genetic diversity with many other RNA viruses, and therefore, genotyping of this organism is more complicated than genotyping of more stable DNA viruses. We describe a novel microarray-based method that allows high-throughput genotyping of RNA viruses with a high degree of polymorphism by multiplex capture and type-specific extension on microarrays. Denatured reverse transcription (RT)-PCR products derived from two outer capsid genes of clinical isolates of HRV were hybridized to immobilized capture oligonucleotides representing the most commonly occurring P and G genotypes on a microarray. Specific primer extension of the type-specific capture oligonucleotides was applied to incorporate the fluorescent nucleotide analogue cyanine 5-labeled dUTP as a detectable label. Laser scanning and fluorescence detection of the microarrays was followed by visual or computer-assisted interpretation of the fluorescence patterns generated on the microarrays. Initially, the method detected HRV in all 40 samples and correctly determined both the G and the P genotypes of 35 of the 40 strains analyzed. After modification by inclusion of additional capture oligonucleotides specific for the initially unassigned genotypes, all genotypes could be correctly defined. The results of genotyping with the microarray fully agreed with the results obtained by nucleotide sequence analysis and sequence-specific multiplex RT-PCR. Owing to its robustness, simplicity, and general utility, the microarray-based method may gain wide applicability for the genotyping of microorganisms, including highly variable RNA and DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Lovmar
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Hallander HO, Paniagua M, Espinoza F, Askelöf P, Corrales E, Ringman M, Storsaeter J. Calibrated serological techniques demonstrate significant different serum response rates to an oral killed cholera vaccine between Swedish and Nicaraguan children. Vaccine 2002; 21:138-45. [PMID: 12443672 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum responses to oral cholera vaccines were assessed in three paediatric vaccine trials, two in León, Nicaragua and one in Stockholm, Sweden. A calibrated anti-cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) IgA ELISA was used together with an assay for vibriocidal antibodies. Swedish children had lower pre-vaccination levels of antibody, but serum responses were more pronounced in Swedish children than in Nicaraguan children. Post-vaccination levels of anti-toxin antibody were generally above those found after natural infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, that cross-reacts serologically with Vibrio cholerae. Adverse events seen after vaccination were generally mild and of little clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Hallander
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
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Espinoza F, Pessino SC, Quarín CL, Valle EM. Effect of pollination timing on the rate of apomictic reproduction revealed by RAPD markers in paspalum notatum. Ann Bot 2002; 89:165-70. [PMID: 12099347 PMCID: PMC4233789 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcf024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Progeny tests employing molecular markers allow the identification of individuals originated by sexual means among the offspring of a facultative apomict. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the pollination timing on the proportion of sexually formed individuals in progenies of a facultative apomictic Paspalum notatum genotype. Progeny families of approx. 30 plants each were generated at five different pollination times: 1-3 d pre-anthesis; at anthesis; and 2, 4 and 6 d post-anthesis. Cytoembryological analyses indicated that approx. 17% of the ovules carried a meiotic cytologically reduced embryo sac in florets formed simultaneously with those used for crosses. The parental plants and the five F1 families were analysed using RAPD molecular markers. Ninety-five oligonucleotides were assayed on the progenitors in order to search for male-specific bands. Eight primers presenting clear polymorphic bands were selected for use in the progeny tests. The proportion of sexually produced progeny reached 3.4% before anthesis and 20 % at anthesis, while pollination after anthesis generated only maternal plants. A second progeny of 97 plants obtained from pollination at anthesis produced 16 off-type plants (16.5%), of which only one was a B(III) hybrid (2n + n). Our results indicate that pollination at anthesis allows the greatest potential for sexuality to be expressed in this facultative apomictic genotype. When pollination is delayed as soon as 2 d after anthesis, only the aposporous sacs develop endosperm through pseudogamy to set seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Espinoza
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, IBONE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNNE, Corrientes, Argentina.
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Tebes-Stevens CL, Espinoza F, Valocchi AJ. Evaluating the sensitivity of a subsurface multicomponent reactive transport model with respect to transport and reaction parameters. J Contam Hydrol 2001; 52:3-27. [PMID: 11695745 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The input variables for a numerical model of reactive solute transport in groundwater include both transport parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity and infiltration, and reaction parameters that describe the important chemical and biological processes in the system. These parameters are subject to uncertainty due to measurement error and due to the spatial variability of properties in the subsurface environment. This paper compares the relative effects of uncertainty in the transport and reaction parameters on the results of a solute transport model. This question is addressed by comparing the magnitudes of the local sensitivity coefficients for transport and reaction parameters. General sensitivity equations are presented for transport parameters, reaction parameters, and the initial (background) concentrations in the problem domain. Parameter sensitivity coefficients are then calculated for an example problem in which uranium(VI) hydrolysis species are transported through a two-dimensional domain with a spatially variable pattern of surface complexation sites. In this example, the reaction model includes equilibrium speciation reactions and mass transfer-limited non-electrostatic surface complexation reactions. The set of parameters to which the model is most sensitive includes the initial concentration of one of the surface sites, the formation constant (Kf) of one of the surface complexes and the hydraulic conductivity within the reactive zone. For this example problem, the sensitivity analysis demonstrates that transport and reaction parameters are equally important in terms of how their variability affects the model results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Tebes-Stevens
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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29
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Pessino SC, Espinoza F, Martínez EJ, Ortiz JP, Valle EM, Quarín CL. Isolation of cDNA clones differentially expressed in flowers of apomictic and sexual Paspalum notatum. Hereditas 2001; 134:35-42. [PMID: 11525063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paspalum notatum is a subtropical forage grass, which reproduces by either sexuality or aposporous gametophytic apomixis. The objective of this work was to identify and isolate mRNA transcripts differentially expressed during the development of the megagametophyte from spikelets of apomictic and sexual P. notatum. Crossing of a sexual mother plant with an apomictic pollen donor generated a progeny family segregating for reproductive mode. Individuals from this F1 family were cytoembryologically classified as sexual or apomictic. Spikelet mRNA compositions from both groups of plants were compared by differential display using an RNA-bulked procedure. Fifty primer combinations were assayed to generate nearly 2,500 total bands in the fingerprints. Three transcripts expressed at higher levels in apomictic plants (apo417, apo398, and apo396) were identified, isolated and cloned. Sequencing showed a high level of homology among the isolated clones. Analysis by RT-PCR Southern blots followed by densitometric studies confirmed that expression reached a level around 30 times higher in apomictic than in sexual individuals and was probably induced at early stages of the megagametophyte development. Genomic DNA from the parental and the F1 progeny plants showed 4-5 bands when hybridised with apo417 in Southern blots. Comparisons to the sequence data banks revealed no identities to genes of known function. However, a putative deduced 3' protein fragment showed homology to the well-characterised KSP multi-phosphorylation domain previously detected in several cdc2-regulated cytoskeletal proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Ploidies
- Poaceae/embryology
- Poaceae/genetics
- Poaceae/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Plant/biosynthesis
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- Reproduction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Seeds
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pessino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, (2000) Rosario, Argentina.
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Espinoza F, Quarín CL. 2n+n Hybridization of Apomictic Paspalum dilatatum with Diploid Paspalum Species. Int J Plant Sci 2000; 161:221-225. [PMID: 10777445 DOI: 10.1086/314250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/1999] [Revised: 10/01/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Common dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is an apomictic pentaploid (2n=5x=50) of hybrid origin with irregular meiosis and with the genome formula IIJJX. The I and J genomes are homologous to those of diploid P. intermedium and P. jurgensii, respectively, but the source of the X genome is unknown. Members of the X genome may have genes of special biological significance, including those controlling apomixis. Common dallisgrass was crossed with several diploid Paspalum species in an attempt to identify the source of the X genome. Since common dallisgrass is apomictic, all hybrids produced will be formed by fertilization of an unreduced egg (2n+n). Any hybrid showing 30 chromosome bivalents at meiosis would indicate that the male diploid parent has a chromosome set that is homologous to the X genome of dallisgrass. Over 36,000 spikelets of dallisgrass were emasculated and dusted with pollen of 15 different diploid species (diploid species bearing I or J genomes were excluded). Only five (P. chaseanum, P. equitans, P. fasciculatum, P. notatum, and P. simplex) produced 2n+n hybrids with P. dilatatum. Meiotic chromosome behavior was similar in all hexaploid hybrids showing ca. 20 bivalents and 20 univalents. Results indicated a very low rate of 2n+n hybridization; none of the five diploid species possessed the X genome. Because several diploid species failed to hybridize with 5x dallisgrass, other methods should be attempted. Molecular markers specific for the X genome may help solve the question.
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Johansen K, Hinkula J, Espinoza F, Levi M, Zeng C, Rud�n U, Vesikari T, Estes M, Svensson L. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans to the NSP4 enterotoxin of rotavirus. J Med Virol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199911)59:3<369::aid-jmv18>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Johansen K, Hinkula J, Espinoza F, Levi M, Zeng C, Rudén U, Vesikari T, Estes M, Svensson L. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans to the NSP4 enterotoxin of rotavirus. J Med Virol 1999; 59:369-77. [PMID: 10502271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 has recently been suggested to function as a viral enterotoxin and play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism whereby rotaviruses induce diarrhea. The ability of rotavirus NSP4 to stimulate a humoral immune response was examined in naturally infected children and adults, rotavirus vaccinated children, as well as a cellular immune response in adults. In this study, 10 of 10 naturally infected children and 9 of 10 rotavirus-vaccinated children showed a weak humoral IgG immune response to recombinant NSP4 (rNSP4) and/or a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 114-134 of NSP4. Modest serum IgG antibody responses were detected in 20 of 20 adults. A cellular immune response to rNSP4 and/or NSP4(114-134) were detected in 8 of 10 adults measured either as a T-cell proliferative response (7 of 10), an increased production of IL-2 (6 of 10), or increased production of interferon-gamma (8 of 10). These results indicate that NSP4 induces a humoral immune response in humans and show for the first time that NSP4 stimulates a cellular immune response, possibly including cytolytic T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johansen
- Department of Women and Child Health, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Using the patch-clamp technique, we studied the effect of intracellular Ca2+ on Cl- current gated by type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAA) in mouse cortical neurons. When the rapid Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) was in the pipette solution, the GABA-activated Cl- current amplitude decreased over time to 49 +/- 7% of control. In contrast, equimolar replacement of BAPTA with ethylenebis(oxonitrilo)tetraacetate (EGTA) caused a 60 +/- 10% increase in GABA current. An increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration caused a transient augmentation of the GABA current. This effect of Ca2+ was concentration dependent (10 nM to 34 muM). Ca2+ increased the amplitude of the current by enhancing the maximal response to GABA rather than by changing the affinity of the receptor to GABA (EC50 = 5 +/- 0.4 muM vs. 7 +/- 0.3 muM). Both calmodulin (CaM) and a CaM kinase II inhibitor (200 muM) blocked the potentiating effect of Ca2+ suggesting that it was mediated by activation of CaM kinase II. We found that regulation of GABAA receptors by intracellular Ca2+ in cortical neurons has important physiological implications since the potentiating effect of increasing the intracellular Ca2+ on responses to GABA was mimicked by activating excitatory receptors with 100 muM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). These findings suggest that modulation of GABAA receptor activity by glutamate may be brought about via changes in intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, University of Concepcion, PO Box 152-C, Concepcion, Chile
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35
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Abstract
Using patch-clamp techniques we studied several aspects of intracellular GABA(A) and glycine Cl- current regulation in cortical and spinal cord neurons, respectively. Activation of PKA with a permeable analog of cyclic AMP (cAMP) produced a potentiation of the Cl- current activated with glycine, but not of the current induced with GABA. The inactive analog was without effect. Activation of PKC with 1 microM PMA reduced the amplitude of the GABA(A) and glycine currents. Internal application of 1 mM cGMP, on the other hand, had no effect on the amplitude of either current. The amplitude of these inhibitory currents changed slightly during 20 min of patch-clamp recording. Internal perfusion of the neurons with 1 microM okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, induced potentiation in both currents. The amplitude of GABA(A) and glycine currents recorded with 1 mM internal CaCl2 and 10 mM EGTA (10 nM free Ca2+) decayed by less than 30% of control. Increasing the CaCl2 concentration to 10 mM (34 microM free Ca2+) induced a transient potentiation of the GABA(A) current. A strong depression of current amplitude was found with longer times of dialysis. The glycine current, on the contrary, was unchanged by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Activation of G proteins with internal FAl4- induced an inhibition of the GABA(A) current, but potentiated the amplitude of the strychnine-sensitive Cl- current. These results indicate that GABA(A) and glycine receptors are differentially regulated by activation of protein kinases, G proteins and Ca2+. This conclusion supports the existence of selectivity in the intracellular regulation of these two receptor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Tapia
- Department of Physiology, University of Concepcion, Chile
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is an important cause of dehydrating diarrhea in young children throughout the world. Knowledge about frequency of reinfections, development of immunity to the virus and the possible protective effect of breast milk is important, in particular in relation to possible strategies for immunization. METHODS A prospective study of rotavirus infections in a cohort of 235 infants followed from birth until 2 years of age was performed in León, Nicaragua. Fecal and serum specimens were collected at specified times, and stools were also obtained during episodes of diarrhea. Fecal specimens were screened by rotavirus antigen detection and serum and colostral specimens were analyzed by isotype-specific rotavirus antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS As judged by anti-rotavirus IgA antibody seroconversion and/or demonstration of rotavirus antigen in fecal specimens, > 50% of the babies had evidence of past rotavirus infection by the age of 2 months. The total incidence of rotavirus infections, including many reinfections, was 0.7 infection/child-year, of which only 17% were associated with diarrhea. The time from birth to the first demonstration of rotavirus in stool samples correlated significantly with the concentration of anti-rotavirus IgA antibodies in colostrum. There was also a tendency toward a relationship between long duration of breast-feeding and asymptomatic infection. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus infections are acquired very early in infants in León, Nicaragua, and reinfections are common. Most infections are asymptomatic. Breast milk appears to confer partial protection against rotavirus infection, probably mediated by specific IgA antibodies. To be effective rotavirus vaccination would probably have to be given at a very early age to infants in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Espinoza
- Department of Microbiology, National University (UNAN) León, Nicaragua
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Paniagua M, Espinoza F, Ringman M, Reizenstein E, Svennerholm AM, Hallander H. Analysis of incidence of infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a prospective cohort study of infant diarrhea in Nicaragua. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1404-10. [PMID: 9163453 PMCID: PMC229758 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.6.1404-1410.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal episodes with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were prospectively monitored during the first 2 years of life in a cohort of 235 infants from Leon, Nicaragua. ETEC was an etiological finding in 38% (310 of 808) of diarrheal episodes and in 19% (277 of 1,472) of samples taken as asymptomatic controls at defined age intervals (P = <0.0001). The majority of diarrheal episodes (80%) occurred before 12 months of age. The major ETEC type was characterized by colonization factor CFA I and elaboration of both heat-labile enterotoxin and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The proportion of E. coli strains with CFA I was significantly higher in cases with diarrhea (P = 0.002). The second most prevalent type showed putative colonization factor PCFO166 and production of ST. The prevalence of PCFO166 was approximately 20%, higher than reported before. Children with a first CFA I episode contracted a second ETEC CFA I infection 24% of the time, compared with 46% for ETEC strains of any subtype. Most of the ETEC episodes were of moderate severity, and only 5% (15 of 310) were characterized as severe. In conclusion, our results give valuable information for the planning of intervention studies using ETEC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paniagua
- Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University (UNAN), Léon, Nicaragua
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Espinoza F, Paniagua M, Hallander H, Hedlund KO, Svensson L. Prevalence and characteristics of severe rotavirus infections in Nicaraguan children. Ann Trop Paediatr 1997; 17:25-32. [PMID: 9176574 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1997.11747859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the prevalence of rotavirus in 296 children age between 3 and 36 months who were hospitalized in 1994 with severe gastro-enteritis at two health centres for diarrhoea treatment in León, Nicaragua. Enteric viruses were detected in 96 (32.4%) of the children and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens detected in 84 (28%). The majority of rotavirus infections occurred in children less than 1 year old and all strains isolated belonged to subgroup II and had 'long' RNA patterns. Molecular epidemiology of 55 rotavirus strains revealed that all had the same RNA migration pattern and serotyping of 37 strains by PCR technology revealed that all isolates belonged to serotype 3. A significant observation was that only one electropherotype of rotavirus circulated. No non-group A rotaviruses were found by RNA gel electrophoresis. Adenoviruses were found by ELISA in 14 of 265 (5%) children and were most frequently detected during the 1st year of life. Of 103 faecal samples analyzed by electron microscopy, four contained small round structured viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Espinoza
- Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University, León, Nicaragua
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Herrmann B, Espinoza F, Villegas RR, Smith GD, Ramos A, Egger M. Genital chlamydial infection among women in Nicaragua: validity of direct fluorescent antibody testing, prevalence, risk factors and clinical manifestations. Genitourin Med 1996; 72:20-6. [PMID: 8655162 PMCID: PMC1195586 DOI: 10.1136/sti.72.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the performance of a direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) test and to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical manifestations of cervical chlamydia infection in different groups of women in Nicaragua. STUDY POPULATION 926 women, 863 routine clinic attenders (mean age 27 years) and 63 sex workers (mean age 25 years) attending health centres in León, Corinto, Matagalpa and Bluefields. METHODS Cervical specimens were examined using the Syva MicroTrak test system with a cut-off of 10 or more elementary bodies (EBs). The DFA results were validated by a one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Discordant results were further examined in nested PCR assays directed at two different target genes. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and a standard gynaecological examination were completed. RESULTS Sensitivity of DFA was 80.1%, specificity 98.3%, and positive and negative predictive values 62.5% and 99.3%, respectively. Values were lower in locations where samples thawed because of electricity breaks and higher among sex workers. The majority of discordant results was confirmed as positive in nested PCR assays. Prevalence of cervical chlamydia infection based on positivity in DFA and/or PCR ranged from 2% among routine clinic attenders aged 35 years or older, to 8% among adolescent clinic attenders, and to 14% among sex workers. Among routine clinic attenders, young age (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 1.4-8.9 for women aged 15-19 years as compared with 1 in women 25 years of age or older) and use of oral contraceptives (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-9.6) were the only statistically significant risk factors identified in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Presence of mucopurulent cervical discharge (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.0-11.5) and presence of ectropion (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.5) were the clinical signs independently associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the DFA test was sensitive and specific while the performance of the PCR assay depends on adequate storage of samples. Genital C trachomatis infection is a common health problem among women in Nicaragua. The wide implementation of syndromic STD management algorithms together with health education programmes aimed at young people is the most promising approach to control STD in Nicaragua.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Herrmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Tresierra-Ayala A, Bendayan ME, Bernuy A, Espinoza F, Fernandez H. Carriage of the classical thermotolerant Campylobacters in healthy domestic animals from eastern Peru. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995; 37:537-9. [PMID: 8731268 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651995000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Tresierra-Ayala
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
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Carrasco E, López G, García de los Ríos M, Vargas N, Staab K, Guerrero M, Espinoza F, Aguirre E. [Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the metropolitan region]. Rev Med Chil 1991; 119:709-14. [PMID: 1844378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We used a retrospective search and confirmation method to establish the number of new cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed between Jan 1, 1986 and Dec 31, 1989 in subjects under 15 years of age in the Metropolitan region of Chile. All hospitals and outpatient facilities of the National Health Service, other hospitals and private offices of endocrinologists and specialists in diabetes were surveyed, as well as the registry from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation. A total of 115 cases, 52 in males and 63 in females were found, for an annual incidence of 1.69 and 2.15 per 100,000, respectively. Overall, the annual incidence rates were 2.22 in 1986, 1.22 in 1987 (p < 0.001), 2.13 in 1988 and 2.09 in 1989. A greater number of cases was diagnosed at age 4 in males and at age 12 in females (p < 0.001). The greater number of cases were diagnosed from June to August (winter) and the lowest in October (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carrasco
- Unidad de Diabetes y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile (División Occidente), Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago de Chile
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Rico FG, Espinoza JL, Montero P, Espinoza F, Mancilla A, Sánchez A, Villanueva CM. [Treatment of bronchial asthma in winter using controlled-release salbutamol]. Rev Alerg Mex (1987) 1990; 37:165-71. [PMID: 2094946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents results about comparative study in winter season, in a statistics design AB and BA on 20 patients that were treated with salbutamol (Group B) and with salbutamol of controlled liberation (Group B) at random. Results showed that patients of Group B had improvement in symptomatology and had less exacerbations than those patients of group A with statistical significance. It was concluded that salbutamol tablets of controlled liberation is a therapeutic method adequate to control chronic phase of asthmatic patients in winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Rico
- Departamento de Neumología, Hospital General, Centro Médico, La Raza, IMSS
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Espinoza F, Gallego A, Ruiz A, Pérez-Grovas H, Garza Flores J, Morato T, Herrera-Acosta J. [Role of prostaglandins in the antihypertensive effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril]. Rev Invest Clin 1989; 41:351-60. [PMID: 2561022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) generates angiotensin II and is also capable of degrading bradykinin into inactive peptides. It has been suggested that the effects of ACE inhibitors are partially mediated by increased prostaglandin synthesis induced by a simultaneous rise in bradykinin. Captopril increases PG excretion and indomethacin (INDO) attenuates its effects. Enalapril is a long acting ACE inhibitor, and its molecule does not have the sulphydryl group present in captopril. In order to evaluate the participations of PG in a the ENA effects of enalapril (ENA) on arterial pressure (AP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (ALDO) and renal hemodynamics (RH) in essential hypertension (EHT), we compared the effects of ENA alone and associated with INDO. Nine EHT patients received on different occasions: ENA 10 mg, INDO 25 mg and ENA-INDO. Arterial pressure, PGE2, ALDO, PRA, RH and plasma and urinary ENA as enalaprylate were measured after each treatment. Maximal ENA absorption occurred after 4 hours, however it was still detectable after 72 hr. ENA decreased AP after 6 hr in spite of unchanged PGE2 excretion; PRA did not change and ALDO decreased transiently. INDO delayed ENA absorption, slightly attenuated the fall in AP and suppressed PGE2 excretion when given with ENA. INDO alone suppressed PGE2 and did not alter AP. No significant changes occurred in RH with the treatments. Our results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of ENA is independent of PG, and that the slight attenuation induced by INDO may be attributed to a delay in intestinal absorption. In EHT patients under normovolemic conditions, renal function is not altered by ACE inhibition.
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Espinoza F, Barragán R, Fernández de la Reguera G, Magaña S, Gabbai F, Herrera-Acosta J. [Coronary revascularization in uremic diabetic patients under chronic hemodialysis]. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1987; 57:45-50. [PMID: 2952089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the main cause of mortality among uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) and is the determinant of the outcome in these cases after renal transplantation, especially in diabetics. In this study we report our experience with two uremic diabetics on CHD with severe coronary artery lesions in whom aortocoronary bypass was performed before renal transplantation. The outcome in the two patients, after 30 and 55 months respectively indicates successful results. We discuss the necessity to perform coronariography in all the high risk patients on CHD, such as diabetics and elderly before planning renal transplantation and achieve aortocoronary bypass surgery in those with severe coronary disease. The technics and difficulties of the surgery in uremics are also analized.
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Ize Lamache L, Espinoza F. [Oligoelements in patients on total parenteral nutrition: plasma or supplement]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1985; 50:87-92. [PMID: 3937205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Espinoza F, Ize Lamache L. [Achalasia of the esophagus: results of its surgical treatment]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1983; 48:23-9. [PMID: 6879045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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