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Romeo F, Spetter MJ, Pereyra SB, Morán PE, González Altamiranda EA, Louge Uriarte EL, Odeón AC, Pérez SE, Verna AE. Whole Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Isolated from Bovine Abortions. Viruses 2024; 16:739. [PMID: 38793621 PMCID: PMC11125609 DOI: 10.3390/v16050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoGHV4) is a member of the Gammaherspivirinae subfamily, Rhadinovirus genus. Its natural host is the bovine, and it is prevalent among the global cattle population. Although the complete genome of BoGHV4 has been successfully sequenced, the functions of most of its genes remain unknown. Currently, only six strains of BoGHV4, all belonging to Genotype 1, have been sequenced. This is the first report of the nearly complete genome of Argentinean BoGHV4 strains isolated from clinical cases of abortion, representing the first BoGHV4 Genotype 2 and 3 genomes described in the literature. Both Argentinean isolates presented the highest nt p-distance values, indicating a greater level of divergence. Overall, the considerable diversity observed in the complete genomes and open reading frames underscores the distinctiveness of both Argentinean isolates compared to the existing BoGHV4 genomes. These findings support previous studies that categorized the Argentinean BoGHV4 strains 07-435 and 10-154 as Genotypes 3 and 2, respectively. The inclusion of these sequences represents a significant expansion to the currently limited pool of BoGHV4 genomes while providing an important basis to increase the knowledge of local isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Romeo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Maximiliano Joaquín Spetter
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Beatriz Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Pedro Edgardo Morán
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Analía González Altamiranda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Enrique Leopoldo Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Anselmo Carlos Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elizabeth Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
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Kakamu T, Ito T, Endo S, Hidaka T, Masuishi Y, Kasuga H, Fukushima T. Inappropriate timing of salt intake increases the risk of heat-related illness: An observational study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296388. [PMID: 38165857 PMCID: PMC10760686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of salt intake in preventing heat-related illness (HRI) is well established, however, the specific method of ingestion has not been sufficiently studied. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the optimal timing of salt intake to prevent HRI during hot outdoor work. We recruited 28 healthy male firefighters working at a fire department in Japan. They were provided a questionnaire to complete before and after receiving training in the summer season. We assessed their salt intake as before, during, and after training or none. In addition, they completed a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire to evaluate their daily salt and alcohol intake. HRI was determined through subjective and objective symptoms listed in the questionnaire, and environmental data were obtained from a national database. Subsequently, factors related to HRI were determined using a logistic regression model. The mean age of the participants was 31.0 ± 7.7 years. The study was performed within 250 working days, and we detected 28 HRI symptoms (11.2%). The median alcohol intake was 25.6 g/day when calculated according to the actual work system. Logistic mixed effect model analysis revealed that salt intake before training (OR: 5.893, 95% CI: 1.407-24.675), and salt intake before and during training (OR: 22.889, 95% CI: 4.276-122.516) were positively associated with HRI symptoms. The results indicate that inappropriate timing of salt intake increases the risks of HRI. Thus, a timely intake of salt in adequate amounts may be important in preventing these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teruna Ito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Koriyama Women’s University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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Serum and milk levels of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 and -4, and circulation of different bovine herpesvirus-4 genotypes in dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. J Vet Res 2023; 67:33-40. [PMID: 37008768 PMCID: PMC10062045 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV)-1 and -4 are important causes of respiratory diseases and reproductive disorders of dairy cattle worldwide.
Material and Methods
Investigation of BVDV and BoHV-1 and -4 antibody levels in the serum and milk of dairy cattle in a group with clinical mastitis and a healthy group was undertaken using an indirect ELISA, and identification of the BoHV-4 genotypes in clinical mastitis cases was attempted by PCR and sequencing.
Results
Antibodies specific to BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 were detected in the serum and milk of all dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. The cut-off values for BVDV and BoHV-1 in the sera and milk were extremely high in both healthy and mastitic animals. However, BoHV-4 antibodies were detected only in the clinically mastitic cattle, and BoHV-4 levels were higher in milk than in sera among these animals. Genotypes I and II of BoHV-4 were detected in the milk samples of four seropositive cows with clinical mastitis from the same herd.
Conclusion
The results of this investigation demonstrate that clinical mastitis cases in the same herd may have aetiology in different BoHV-4 genotypes.
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Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 isolated in China, 2022. Virus Genes 2023; 59:417-426. [PMID: 36877428 PMCID: PMC9986666 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a common virus detected in bovine with respiratory disease worldwide. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel BoHV-4 strain, referred as HB-ZJK, in vaginal swabs collected from cattle in China, 2022. The long unique region (LUR) of HB-ZJK is 10,9811 bp in length. It shares 99.17% to 99.38% nucleotide identity to five BoHV-4 strains available in GenBank and the highest similarity was seen with BoHV-4V. test (JN133502.1) strain (99.38%). Mutations, insertions or deletions were observed mainly in HB-ZJK gB (ORF8), TK (ORF21), gH (ORF22), MCP (ORF25), PK (ORF36), gM (ORF39), and gL (ORF47) genes compared to its genomic coordinates. Phylogenetic analyses of gB and TK genes showed that HB-ZJK clustered with China 512 (2019), B6010 (2009), and J4034 (2009) strains, demonstrating that the isolated HB-ZJK belongs to genotype 1. This is the first report that has revealed a comprehensive genome profile of BoHV-4 strain in China. This study will provide foundation for epidemiological investigations of BoHV-4 and contribute to the molecular and pathogenic studies of BoHV-4.
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Bauermann FV, Falkenberg SM, Martins M, Dassanayake RP, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Silveira S, Palmer MV, Buysse A, Mohr A, Flores EF, Diel DG. Genome sequence and experimental infection of calves with bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4). Arch Virol 2022; 167:1659-1668. [PMID: 35708765 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is ubiquitous in cattle worldwide, and it has been detected in animals exhibiting broad clinical presentations. The virus has been detected in the United States since the 1970s; however, its clinical relevance remains unknown. Here, we determined the complete genome sequences of two contemporary BoHV-4 isolates obtained from respiratory (SD16-38) or reproductive (SD16-49) tract specimens and assessed clinical, virological, and pathological outcomes upon intranasal (IN) inoculation of calves with the respiratory BoHV-4 isolate SD16-38. A slight and transient increase in body temperature was observed in BoHV-4-inoculated calves. Additionally, transient viremia and virus shedding in nasal secretions were observed in all inoculated calves. BoHV-4 DNA was detected by nested PCR in the tonsil and regional lymph nodes (LNs) of calves euthanized on day 5 post-inoculation (pi) and in the lungs of calves euthanized on day 10 pi. Calves euthanized on day 35 pi harbored BoHV-4 DNA in the respiratory tract (turbinates, trachea, lungs), regional lymphoid tissues, and trigeminal ganglia. Interestingly, in situ hybridization revealed the presence of BoHV-4 DNA in nerve bundles surrounding the trigeminal ganglia and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (day 35 pi). No histological changes were observed in the respiratory tract (turbinate, trachea, and lung), lymphoid tissues (tonsil, LNs, thymus, and spleen), or central nervous tissues (olfactory bulb and trigeminal ganglia) sampled throughout the animal studies (days 5, 10, and 35 pi). This study contributes to the understanding of the infection dynamics and tissue distribution of BoHV-4 following IN infection in calves. These results suggest that BoHV-4 SD16-38 used in our study has low pathogenicity in calves upon intranasal inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rohana P Dassanayake
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - John D Neill
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.,Ridpath Consulting, LLC, 204 Rothmoor, P.O. Box 422, Gilbert, IA, 50105, USA
| | - Simone Silveira
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.,Laboratorio de Virologia, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rodovia Rovilho Bortoluzzi, SC 480, Km 3.5, Xanxere, SC, 89820-000, Brazil
| | - Mitchel V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Alaine Buysse
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Anna Mohr
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. .,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Involvement of herpesviruses in cases of abortion among water buffaloes in southern Italy. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:719-729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nefedchenko AV, Yuzhakov AG, Koteneva SV, Glotova TI, Glotov AG, Zaberezhny AD. [Detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 DNA in cattle by realtime PCR.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 64:178-184. [PMID: 32163684 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-4-178-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BoHV-4 is poorly understood. Data on the circulation of the virus among animals and its role in infectious diseases insufficient. Aimes and goals. Development of real-time PCR for detecting the BoHV-4 and studying the frequency of its presence in samples from sick animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein L gene served as a target for amplification. The sequences of reference strains published in GenBank were used to analyze and design the primers. Studies were conducted in 3 regions of Western Siberia on 5 large dairy farms. RESULTS 27.7% of samples contained the virus. The virus was present as a monoagent in nasal cavity of calves (80.0%), lungs (46.2%) and bronchial lymph nodes (38.5%) in pneumonia. In the cases of diarrhea the virus was detected in 20%, and in cows with gynecological pathology in 10.0%. In respiratory diseases of calves the virus was detected in association with BoHV-1 (21.6%) and BoCV (20.3%), and in gynecological pathology of cows with BVDV1 (6%). DISCUSSION According to the phylogenetic analysis of 5 identified virus isolates, four belonged to the American branch and one to the European branch. The circulation of American strains occurred in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1), Tyumen (1) and Novosibirsk (2) regions, and the European - in the Novosibirsk region. CONCLUSION The search for viruses involved to the infectious pathology, as well as studying the genetic diversity of viruses circulating on a particular farm including imported from other countries, is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Nefedchenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A G Yuzhakov
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya», Moscow, 109428, Russian Federatio
| | - S V Koteneva
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A D Zaberezhny
- All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after Ya.R. Kovalenko, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation
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Shringi S, O’Toole D, Cole E, Baker KN, White SN, Donofrio G, Li H, Cunha CW. OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020090. [PMID: 33530566 PMCID: PMC7911203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. Research towards SA-MCF vaccine development is hindered by the absence of culture systems to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), which means its genome cannot be experimentally modified to generate an attenuated vaccine strain. Alternative approaches for vaccine development are needed to deliver OvHV-2 antigens. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been evaluated as a vaccine vector for several viral antigens with promising results. In this study, we genetically engineered BoHV-4 to express OvHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) and evaluated its efficacy as an SA-MCF vaccine using a rabbit model. The construction of a viable recombinant virus (BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB) and confirmation of OvHV-2 gB expression were performed in vitro. The immunization of rabbits with BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB elicited strong humoral responses to OvHV-2 gB, including neutralizing antibodies. Following intra-nasal challenge with a lethal dose of OvHV-2, 42.9% of the OvHV-2 gB vaccinated rabbits were protected against SA-MCF, while all rabbits in the mock-vaccinated group succumbed to SA-MCF. Overall, OvHV-2 gB delivered by the recombinant BoHV-4 was immunogenic and partly protective against SA-MCF in rabbits. These are promising results towards an SA-MCF vaccine; however, improvements are needed to increase protection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Donal O’Toole
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA;
| | - Emily Cole
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Katherine N. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Cristina W. Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Correspondence:
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Isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 4 from cattle in mainland China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:619-626. [PMID: 33410994 PMCID: PMC7788162 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is one of the most important of the known viral respiratory and reproductive pathogens of both young and adult cattle. However, BoHV-4 has not been isolated or detected in mainland China prior to this study. In 2019, BoHV-4 strain 512 was isolated from cattle in Heilongjiang Province, China, using MDBK cells, and characterized by PCR, nucleotide sequence analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Two other unknown herpesvirus strains, BL6010 and J4034, which were isolated from cattle in 2009 in China and stored at -70℃, were also propagated in MDBK cells and identified as BoHV-4 by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene and glycoprotein B (gB) gene for the three isolates indicated that these three Chinese strains belong to BoHV-4 genotype 1. A preliminary virus neutralization test revealed that 64% of the 70 bovine sera (45/70) collected from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, had anti-BoHV-4 antibodies and that natural BoHV-4 infection occurred in cattle in China. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and molecular characterization of BoHV-4 from cattle in mainland China.
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Díaz-Cao JM, Prieto A, López-Lorenzo G, López-Novo C, Iglesias A, Díaz P, Panadero R, López CM, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Fernández G. Epidemiological study of the association between bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 and reproductive disease in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108888. [PMID: 33120087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has controversially been related with cattle reproductive disease. In the present study we analyze the relationship between exposure to BoHV-4 and reproductive performance in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. A total of 2022 sera from 50 farms were examined to detect anti-BoHV-4 antibodies. Herd and individual reproductive records were collected to analyze association with exposure to BoHV-4. In addition, 52 abortion cases were examined to detect BoHV-4 DNA. An individual seroprevalence of 66.6 % and a herd prevalence of 98 % were found. Exposure to BoHV-4 increased with age, particularly in individuals between 26-36 months old (OR = 2.7; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0, compared to animals < 26 months). Seroprevalence was not associated with herd fertility and herd abortion rate, but seropositive animals between 26-36 months presented prolonged calving to fertilizing insemination intervals (HR: 1.4; CI 95 %: 1.2-2.0) as well as higher odds of an unsuccessful 1st insemination (OR: 2.5; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0). In abortion cases, BoHV-4 DNA was found in 12 vaginal swabs from 5 farms but not in any fetal tissue. Our results reveal an endemic, high and widespread exposure to BoHV-4 among dairy cattle from NW Spain with a limited impact in the reproductive performance of herds. The significantly worse reproductive performance of seropositive animals of 26-36 months of age may be the consequence of the establishment of primo-infections when moving heifers to lactation lots. Our findings may be useful to understand the potential population impact of BoHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Díaz-Cao
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cynthia López-Novo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ceferino M López
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Machado VS, Silva TH. Adaptive immunity in the postpartum uterus: Potential use of vaccines to control metritis. Theriogenology 2020; 150:201-209. [PMID: 31983466 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
After parturition, dairy cows rely on an effective innate immune response, through the actions of neutrophils, macrophages, and antimicrobial peptides, to clear the uterus from pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli, Bacteroides spp, F. necrophorum and T. pyogenes. However, the role of adaptive immunity in the postpartum uterus is less understood. In this review, we explore concepts of mucosal adaptive immunity and discuss recent findings regarding the efficacy of vaccines to reduce metritis in dairy cows. Areas of lymphocytic aggregates are seen throughout the bovine reproductive tract after parturition, but it is unknown if their development is influenced by previous exposure to pathogens or other intrinsic factors. Through the actions of Treg cells and γδ T cells, the uterus is an immune-tolerant environment during pregnancy. After parturition, the dynamics in the endometrial and circulating lymphocytic populations differ among cows that develop uterine diseases and healthy counterparts. However, the functionality of those cells has not yet been determined. It has been hypothesized that cows that fail to switch their uterine environment from an anti-inflammatory state prior to parturition to a pro-inflammatory state after calving are more susceptible to uterine infections. Given the nature of metritis related pathogens and the importance of innate immunity to uterine defense mechanisms, we speculate that an adaptive immunity biased towards a Th1/Th17 cellular response will provide best protection against uterine infections. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of immunization in reducing the incidence of metritis in dairy cows revealing inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States.
| | - T H Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States; Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
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12
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Díaz JM, Prieto A, López-Lorenzo G, López-Novo C, Iglesias A, Díaz P, Panadero R, Moral J, López C, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, Fernández G. Monitoring of the shedding and serological dynamics of Bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 in a dairy cattle herd. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108495. [PMID: 31767098 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) is increasingly related with reproductive disease in cattle, but its epidemiology is not fully understood. We monitored the serological response and shedding of BoHV-4 in a positive dairy cattle farm with metritis. First, we performed an ELISA to detect BoHV-4 antibodies in all the animals (n = 104). Afterwards, ten seronegative heifers introduced in the production lot and sera samples were monthly taken for four months and then 6-10 months after introduction to detect BoHV-4 antibodies by ELISA. Moreover, a vaginal swab was taken after calving to detect BoHV-4 by PCR. Concurrently, a weekly collection of vaginal and nasal swabs and milk was performed during the first month post-partum in multiparous cows with metritis (n = 14), heifers with metritis (n = 4), heifers without metritis but positive to BoHV-4 (ELISA or PCR) (n = 2) and multiparous cows without metritis (n = 3). Seropositivity was higher in older animals and in the production lot. Three heifers which shed BoHV-4 after parturition resulted seronegative at first but eventually seroconverted. In the same vein, most heifers seroconverted after 6-10 months in the production lot (8/10). Multiparous cows shed virus by various routes: 13/14 (93 %) in vaginal secretions, 7/14 (50 %) in nasal exudates and 7/14 (50 %) in milk. However, in the other groups, shedding was only detected in vaginal swabs from the first week post-partum. Our study describes BoHV-4 shedding in field conditions. Seronegative animals may become horizontally infected when moved to a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Díaz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cynthia López-Novo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Moral
- Sociedad Veterinaria del Eo SLP, 33770, Vegadeo, Spain
| | - Ceferino López
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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