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Atowoju I, Dawer P, Asrani M, Panjiyar B. Impact of maternal HIV infection on perinatal outcomes: A systematic review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 166:35-43. [PMID: 38573155 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal HIV infection remains a significant global health concern with potential repercussions on perinatal outcomes. Emphasis on early intervention to improve peri- and postnatal outcomes in infected mothers and infants is a valid therapeutic concern. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively analyze perinatal outcomes associated with maternal HIV infection and evaluate adverse effects associated with the HIV infection in the existing literature. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted from 2013 to September 2023, using relevant MeSH terms. SELECTION CRITERIA The included studies encompassed original studies, cross-sectional, prospective, retrospective studies and observational studies focused on perinatal outcomes in the context of maternal HIV infection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The selected studies underwent rigorous data collection and comprehensive quality checks and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. MAIN RESULTS Nine eligible studies from Brazil, China, India, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, the USA, and Canada were included. These studies have consistently demonstrated that maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The analysis revealed a higher risk of preterm birth (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.39-1.78), low birth weight (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18-1.49), and small for gestational age (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.53) among infants born to mothers living with HIV. Notably, the impact of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on these outcomes varied, but maternal HIV infection remained a significant risk factor regardless of income level and geographic region. CONCLUSION Maternal HIV infection is consistently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and improved prenatal care in pregnant women with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inioluwa Atowoju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Prachi Dawer
- University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Asrani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Binay Panjiyar
- PGME GCSRT Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mohammed H, Kebir MS, Obiribea C, Essuman MA, Ahinkorah BO. Knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Ghana. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:507. [PMID: 38773445 PMCID: PMC11106955 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant health challenge affecting many people including those from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Even though HIV can be transmitted through various means, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) remains the major route of transmission in children under the age of five. This study examined the correlates of knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ghana. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The sample consisted of 9,106 women aged 15 to 49 years. We conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the prevalence and factors associated with knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. The results were presented using frequencies, percentages, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Approximately, 69.41% of women of reproductive age knew of HIV transmission during pregnancy. Women who had two (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.01, 1.72]) or three (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.07, 1.76]) births were more knowledgeable of HIV transmission during pregnancy. Women who read the newspaper (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.31, 1.86]), listened to the radio (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.05, 1.45]), lived in rural areas (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.09, 1.54]) or ever been tested for HIV (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.05, 1.37]) were more likely to be knowledgeable of HIV transmission during pregnancy than their counterparts in the reference categories. Compared to those in the Western Region, women in the Upper East (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.32, 0.63]), Upper West (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.35, 0.85]), Ashanti (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.58, 0.97]) and Greater Accra Regions (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.56, 0.98]) were less knowledgeable of HIV transmission during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights a gap in the knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy among women in Ghana. Continuous public education is required to educate women on HIV transmission from mothers to their children during pregnancy and how this may be interrupted. Such programs should involve the use of the media and take into consideration the demographic and geographic characteristics highlighted as determinants in this study. This will ultimately contribute to the reduction of MTCT of HIV in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidaya Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Martha Suntah Kebir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Comfort Obiribea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mainprice Akuoko Essuman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA.
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Sorato MM, Alemu T, Toma A, Paulos G, Mekonnen S. Effect of HIV and substance use disorder comorbidity on the placenta, fetal and maternal health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083037. [PMID: 38772595 PMCID: PMC11110607 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders and HIV infection have a bidirectional relationship. People who use illicit drugs are at increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, and people living with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk of using substances due to disease-related complications like depression and HIV-associated dementia. There is no adequate evidence on the effect of HIV/AIDS and substance use disorder comorbidity-related effects on placental, fetal, maternal and neonatal outcomes globally. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search articles written in the English language until 30 January 2024, from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, SUMsearch2, Turning Research Into Practice database and Google Scholar. A systematic search strategy involving AND/OR Boolean Operators will retrieve information from these databases and search engines. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods will be used to report the effect of HIV/AIDS and substance use disorders on placental, fetal and maternal composite outcomes. Descriptive statistics like pooled prevalence mean and SD will be used for qualitative analysis. However, quantitative analysis outcomes will be done by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for studies that are combinable. The individual study effects and the weighted mean difference will be reported in a forest plot. In addition to this, the presence of multiple morbidities like diabetes, chronic kidney disease and maternal haemoglobin level could affect placental growth, fetal growth and development, abortion, stillbirth, HIV transmission and composite maternal outcomes. Therefore, subgroup analysis will be done for pregnant women with multiple morbidities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted by using published literature, ethical approval is not required. The results will be presented in conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023478360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mende Mensa Sorato
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Tsegaye Alemu
- School of Public Health, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Southern Nations, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Toma
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Getahun Paulos
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Shewangizaw Mekonnen
- Nursing, School of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymania, Iraq
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Rebnord T, Mmbaga BT, Sandøy IF, Lie RT, Mchome B, Mahande MJ, Daltveit AK. Time trends in perinatal outcomes among HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289740. [PMID: 37561712 PMCID: PMC10414606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal HIV infection is associated with increased risk of having a preterm delivery, low birth weight baby, small for gestational age baby and stillbirth. Maternal use of combination antiretroviral treatment is also associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight, although the effects vary by the type of drugs and timing of initiation. OBJECTIVE To examine time trends in adverse perinatal outcomes among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. DESIGN Registry-based cohort study. SETTING Northern Tanzania, 2000-2018. STUDY SAMPLE Mother-baby pairs of singleton deliveries (n = 41 156). METHODS Perinatal outcomes of HIV-positive women were compared with HIV-negative women during time periods representing shifts in prevention of mother-to-child transmission guidelines. Monotherapy was used as first-line therapy before 2007 while combination antiretroviral treatment was routinely used from 2007. Log binomial and quantile regression were used to analyze the data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm delivery, low birth weight, perinatal death, stillbirth, low Apgar score, transfer to neonatal care unit and small for gestational age. RESULTS Overall, maternal HIV infection was associated with a higher risk of low birth weight and small for gestational age. Moreover, this pattern became more pronounced over time for low birth weight, the last time period being an exception. For other outcomes we found none or only a small overall association with maternal HIV infection, although a trend towards higher risk over time in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women was observed for preterm delivery and perinatal death. Quantile regression showed an increase in birth weight in babies born to HIV-negative women over time and a corresponding decline in birth weight in babies born to HIV-positive women. CONCLUSION Unfavourable trends in some of the selected perinatal outcomes were seen for HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. Potential side-effects of combination antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod Rebnord
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Blandina Theophil Mmbaga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC) and Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bariki Mchome
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael Johnson Mahande
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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You Y, Hu H, Cao C, Han Y, Tang J, Zhao W. Association between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a second analysis based on data from a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153072. [PMID: 37576966 PMCID: PMC10415043 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although there is strong evidence linking triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio to insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, its clinical importance in pregnant women has not been well determined. This study sought to determine the connection between the TG/HDL-C ratio in the first trimester and the eventual onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods We performed a secondary analysis of open-access data from a prospective cohort study. This present study included 590 singleton pregnant women at 10-14 weeks who visited the outpatient clinics for prenatal checks and were recorded at Incheon Seoul Women's Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center in Korea. A binary logistic regression model, a series of sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analysis were used to examine the relationship between TG/HDL-C ratio and incident GDM. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also conducted to assess the ability of the TG/HDL-C ratio to predict GDM. Results The mean age of the included individuals was 32.06 ± 3.80 years old. The mean TG/HDL-C ratio was 1.96 ± 1.09. The incidence rate of GDM was 6.27%. After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, TG/HDL-C ratio was positively associated with incident GDM (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.32-2.38, P=0.0001). Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analysis demonstrated the validity of the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and GDM. The TG/HDL-C ratio was a good predictor of GDM, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7863 (95% CI: 0.7090-0.8637). The optimal TG/HDL-C ratio cut-off value for detecting GDM was 2.2684, with a sensitivity of 72.97% and specificity of 75.05%. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is related to incident GDM. The TG/HDL-C ratio at 10-14 weeks could help identify pregnant women at risk for GDM and may make it possible for them to receive early and effective treatment to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun You
- Department of Obstetrics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan’ao People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Effects of Nutritional and Social Factors on Favorable Fetal Growth Conditions Using Structural Equation Modeling. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214642. [PMID: 36364904 PMCID: PMC9656558 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor birth outcomes such as low birth weight, low birth length and short gestational age, are public health concern issues in South Africa (SA). This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore how nutritional and social factors contribute to favorable fetal growth conditions (FFGC) in pregnant women living with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in the Free State Province of SA. Sociodemographic characteristics, stress, health and nutrition-related information, and birth outcomes data were collected and analyzed from a subsample of 305 women enrolled in a cohort study from 2018−2020. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in R version 4.1.2 and SEM was conducted in Lavaan version 0.6−5. Higher gestational body mass index (GBMI) and income levels were associated with higher FFGC (p < 0.05). Household incomes were positively associated with dietary micronutrient quality (p = 0.002), GBMI (p = 0.012) and food security (p = 0.001). Low incomes (p = 0.004) and food insecurity (p < 0.001) were associated with higher stress, while social support was positively associated with food security status (p = 0.008). These findings highlight the complex interconnections between the social and nutritional factors that are associated with fetal growth conditions. Multisectoral community-based programs may be a useful strategy to address these challenges.
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Worku WZ, Azale T, Ayele TA, Mekonnen DK. Effects of HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1405-1423. [PMID: 36176965 PMCID: PMC9514786 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s382685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has remained to be a significant public health problem worldwide mainly affecting women. Despite a 2 to 3 times higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, around 2 million HIV positive women give birth each year globally. However, there is a dearth of evidences in Ethiopia about the effect of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes where adverse birth outcomes are still a significant health problem. This study is, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of HIV on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among 704 pregnant women (352 women with HIV and 352 women without HIV infection). Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data on socio-demographic, obstetric, clinical, as well as behavioral and psychosocial characteristics were collected using a validated tool. Data on the outcome variables were also collected following delivery. Modified Poisson regression was employed to estimate the relative risk (RR) of HIV on low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and still birth at 95% confidence level. Attributable fraction (AF) was used to report the impact of HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes. Results Of the total 704 pregnant women enrolled for the study, 96.3% (678) completed the study. The mean age of the study participants was 30.8 (SD ± 5.4) for HIV positive and 27 (SD ± 5.4) for HIV negative women. The cumulative incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth were 21.4%, 9.4%, and 4.1%, respectively. The incidence of LBW was 24.7% among HIV positive and 17.8% among HIV negative women. The incidence of preterm birth was 10.7% among HIV positive and 7.9% among HIV negative women. And the incidence of stillbirth was 3.7% and 4.6% among HIV positive and those HIV negative women. New-borns from women with HIV infection had a higher risk of low birth weight and preterm birth than those HIV negative women (Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06–2.03) and (ARR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.08–2.79), respectively. The attributable risk of HIV on low birth weight was 32% (Attributable Fraction (AF) = 32%, 95% CI: 23–46%), and 43% (AF = 43%, 95% CI: 23–46%) for preterm birth. Conclusion Maternal HIV infection increased the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. This implies due attention is required while providing maternal health services primarily antenatal care and delivery services. These services should be aimed at reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes with more attention given to women with HIV infection. Moreover, reinforcement of HIV prevention intervention strategies should be considered at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Workie Zemene Worku
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Kassahun Mekonnen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Pompeu HHFA, Moraes LPD, Santos CCG, Shibata HY, Rocha JECD, Pereira AA, Barros CDSD, Monteiro CPS. Prevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and associated factors in pregnant women in the state of Pará. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75:e20210171. [PMID: 35766751 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the prevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the associated factors in pregnant women in the state of Pará. METHODS retrospective, analytical, quantitative study with a sample of 332 medical records of HIV-positive pregnant women hospitalized at the Referral Maternity Hospital in the state of Pará between 2010 and 2019. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed with the variables collected. RESULTS the average prevalence in the period was 2.39% and the Metropolitan Region concentrated 66.87% of cases. There was a strong relationship between the number of antenatal consultations and lack of knowledge of serological status (p value equal to 0.01E-17) variables, and a correlation between the education and number of antenatal consultations variables. CONCLUSIONS the increase in the infection rate during the study period revealed the need to intensify health actions, early diagnosis and strategies to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment for maternal viral suppression and reduction of the risk of vertical transmission, contributing to improve public policies.
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Pompeu HHFA, Moraes LPD, Santos CCG, Shibata HY, Rocha JECD, Pereira AA, Barros CDSD, Monteiro CPS. Prevalência do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e fatores associados em gestantes no estado do Pará. Rev Bras Enferm 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0171pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e os fatores associados em gestantes no estado do Pará. Métodos: estudo analítico, quantitativo e retrospectivo com a amostra de 332 prontuários de gestantes HIV positivas internadas na Maternidade de Referência do estado do Pará, no período de 2010 a 2019. Com as variáveis coletadas, procedeu-se a análise estatística bivariada e multivariada. Resultados: a média de prevalência no período foi de 2,39% e a Região Metropolitana concentrou 66,87% dos casos. Houve forte relação entre as variáveis número de consultas pré-natais e desconhecimento do status sorológico (p valor igual a 0,01E-17) e correlação entre as variáveis escolaridade com o número de consultas pré-natais. Conclusões: o aumento da taxa de infecção no período estudado revelou a necessidade de intensificar as ações de saúde, o diagnóstico precoce e as estratégias para a melhoria da adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral para supressão viral materna e redução do risco de transmissão vertical, contribuindo para aprimorar as políticas públicas.
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Shehu A, Ogboghodo E, Enaruna N, Jamda M. Outcome of delivery among HIV-Positive women that attended the antenatal clinic at the University of Benin teaching hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_35_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tukei VJ, Hoffman HJ, Greenberg L, Thabelo R, Nchephe M, Mots’oane T, Masitha M, Chabela M, Mokone M, Mofenson L, Guay L, Tiam A. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among HIV-positive Women in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Therapy Remain Elevated Compared With HIV-negative Women. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:821-826. [PMID: 33990522 PMCID: PMC8357042 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without treatment, HIV infection in pregnant women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We compared adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-negative women who enrolled for antenatal care in selected health facilities in Maseru district, Lesotho. METHODS We enrolled a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women at their first antenatal visit and followed them through delivery. Study data on miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight and birth defects were collected through participant interviews and medical record abstraction. We used the Rao-Scott χ2 test and the t test to assess differences in characteristics and outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and generalized estimating equations for multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 614 HIV-positive and 390 HIV-negative pregnant women were enrolled in the study with delivery information on 571 (93.1%) and 352 (90.3%) respectively. In the delivery cohort, the median age at enrolment was 28 years for HIV-positive women and 23 years for HIV-negative women with median gestational ages of 20 and 21 weeks, respectively. A total of 149 singleton pregnancies had documented adverse pregnancy outcomes; 33 (9.6%) HIV-negative pregnancies and 116 (20.6%) HIV-positive pregnancies. Compared with their HIV-negative counterparts, HIV-positive women were more likely to experience an adverse pregnancy outcome, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-3.97]; an intrauterine death (miscarriage or stillbirth), AOR 2.64 [95% CI: 1.25-5.49]; or a low birth weight delivery, AOR 1.89 [95% CI: 1.16-3.09]. CONCLUSION Adverse pregnancy outcomes remained 2-3 times higher among HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women despite universal ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Tukei
- From the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Heather J. Hoffman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lauren Greenberg
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Matseliso Masitha
- From the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Mammatli Chabela
- From the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Majoalane Mokone
- From the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Lynne Mofenson
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Laura Guay
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Appolinaire Tiam
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of global public health and primary care, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Li H, Liu J, Tan D, Huang G, Zheng J, Xiao J, Wang H, Huang Q, Feng N, Zhang G. Maternal HIV infection and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Hunan province, China: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19213. [PMID: 32080112 PMCID: PMC7034691 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in Chinese HIV-infected pregnant women, and examined the relationship between maternal HIV infection /HIV-related factors and APOs.This prospective cohort study was carried out among 483 HIV-infected pregnant women and 966 HIV-uninfected pregnant women. The HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women were enrolled from midwifery hospitals in Hunan province between October 2014 and September 2017. All data were extracted in a standard structured form, including maternal characteristics, HIV infection status, HIV-related factors and their pregnancy outcomes. APOs were assessed by maternal HIV infection status and HIV-related factors using logistic regression analysis.The incidences of stillbirth (3.9% vs 1.1%), preterm birth (PTB) (8.9% vs 3.7%), low birth weight (LBW) (12.2% vs 3.1%) and small for gestational age (SGA) (21.3% vs 7.0%) were higher in HIV-infected women than HIV-uninfected women, with adjusted ORs of 2.77 (95%CI: 1.24-6.17), 2.37 (95%CI: 1.44-3.89), 4.20 (95%CI: 2.59-6.82) and 3.26 (95%CI: 3.26-4.64), respectively. No differences were found in neonatal asphyxia or birth defects between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups, with adjusted ORs of 1.12 (95%CI: 0.37-3.43) and 1.10 (95%CI: 0.51-2.39), respectively. Among HIV-infected pregnant women, different antiretroviral (ARV) regimens were significantly associated with stillbirths, but not PTB, LBW or SGA. Compared with untreated HIV infection (10.1%), both mono/dual therapy and HAART were associated with a reduced risk of stillbirths (2.0% and 3.2%, respectively), with an AOR of 0.19 (95%CI: 0.04-0.92) and 0.31 (95%CI: 0.11-0.85), respectively. Initial time of ARV drugs use and HIV infection status of the sexual partner were not associated with maternal APOs.The findings of this study indicated that maternal HIV infection was associated with significantly increased risks of stillbirth, PTB, LBW and SGA, but not neonatal asphyxia or birth defects. On the condition that most HIV-infected pregnant women started ARV therapy in or after the second trimester, both mono/dual therapy and HAART had a protective effect on stillbirth compared with untreated HIV infection. As some important confounders were not effectively controlled and the specific regimens of HAART were not analyzed, the above findings may have certain bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Li
- Department of Child Health Care
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Jianfei Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | | | - Hua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
- Department of Maternal Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province
| | | | - Na Feng
- Department of Health Care, Shenzhen Nanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of AIDS Prevention and Control, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Li C, Yang Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Yang Y, Shi Y, Li L, Jiang F, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Zhou Y. Impact of maternal HIV-HBV coinfection on pregnancy outcomes in an underdeveloped rural area of southwest China. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 96:509-515. [PMID: 31911426 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine the impact of maternal HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The current study was conducted in a county of Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China. Data were abstracted from hospitalisation records, including maternal and infant information. The seroprevalences of HIV and HBV infections and HIV-HBV coinfection were determined and the impact of maternal HIV-HBV coinfection on adverse pregnancy outcomes was assessed using logistic regression analysis. A treatment effects linear regression model was also applied to examine the effect of HBV, HIV or coinfection to quantify the absolute difference in birth weight from a reference of HBV-HIV negative participants. RESULTS A total of 13 198 pregnant women were included in our study, and among them, 99.1% were Yi people and 90.8% lived in rural area. The seroprevalences of HIV and HBV infections and HIV-HBV coinfection were 3.6% (95% CI: 3.2% to 3.9%), 3.2% (95% CI: 2.9% to 3.5%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% to 0.2%) among the pregnant women, respectively. Maternal HIV-HBV coinfection was a risk factor for low birth weight (adjusted OR (aOR)=5.52, 95% CI: 1.97 to 15.40). Compared with the HIV mono-infection group, the risk of low birth weight was significantly higher in the HIV-HBV coinfection group (aOR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.24 to 10.56). Maternal HIV infection was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (aOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.60) and preterm delivery (aOR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.81 to 4.47). Perinatal death was more common when mothers were infected with HBV (aOR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.54 to 5.26). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HIV infection was high among pregnant women of the Yi region. Both HIV and HBV infections might have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Maternal HIV-HBV coinfection might be a risk factor for low birth weight in the Yi region, which needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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