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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Luque-Campos N, Araya MJ, Lara-Barba E, de Solminihac J, Pradenas C, Molina L, Herrera-Luna Y, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Elizondo-Vega R, Vega-Letter AM, Luz-Crawford P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:613. [PMID: 37689642 PMCID: PMC10493034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is reiteratively involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Current in vitro and in vivo approaches support that mitochondrial dysfunction is branded by several molecular and cellular defects, whose impact at different levels including the calcium and iron homeostasis, energetic balance and/or oxidative stress, makes it difficult to resolve them collectively given their multifactorial nature. Mitochondrial transfer offers an overall solution since it contains the replacement of damage mitochondria by healthy units. Therefore, this review provides an introducing view on the structure and energy-related functions of mitochondria as well as their dynamics. In turn, we summarize current knowledge on how these features are deregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and Huntington's disease. Finally, we analyzed current advances in mitochondrial transfer between diverse cell types that actively participate in neurodegenerative processes, and how they might be projected toward developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Araya
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana Lara-Barba
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de Solminihac
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Yeimi Herrera-Luna
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Fletcher JR. Cognitivism ageing: The Alzheimer conundrum as switched ontology & the potential for a new materialist dementia. J Aging Stud 2023; 66:101155. [PMID: 37704273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Following recent regulatory approvals for anti-Alzheimer's monoclonal antibodies, this paper considers the contemporary role of cognitivism in defining the ontological commitments of dementia research, as well as movements away from cognitivism under the umbrella of 4E cognitive science. 4E cognitive theories, extending cognition into bodies, their environs, and active relations between the two, share potentially fruitful affinities with new materialisms which focus on the co-constitution of matter in intra-action. These semi-overlapping conceptual positions furnish some opportunity for an ontological alternative to longstanding cognitivist commitments, particularly to the isolated brain as a material catalyst for commercial interventions. After outlining mainstream cognitivism and its shortcomings, I explore 4E and new materialism as possibly transformative conceptual schemas for dementia research, a field for which cognitivist imaginings of cognitive decline in later life have profound and often regrettable ramifications. To realise this new materialist dementia, I sketch out a cognitive ontology based on Barad's agential realism. This facilitates a reassessment of the biggest conundrum in dementia research - the lack of neat correlation between (apparently material) neuropathology and (apparently immaterial) cognitive impairment - alongside the continued failure of efforts to develop effective interventions. It also gives social researchers working on cognitive decline in later life an opportunity to reappraise the nature of social science as a response to such phenomena. If cognition and cognitive ageing are reimagined as an emergent characteristic of intra-acting matter, then new materialist social science might be at least as conducive to salutogenic interventions as the neuropsychiatric technoscience that dominates the contemporary dementia research economy despite continual failures. I argue that a new materialist cognitive ontology could help us think beyond an ageing cognitivism and, by extension, beyond the Alzheimer conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rupert Fletcher
- Wellcome Fellow, Department of Sociology, University of Manchester, 3rd Floor, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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Rosano C. A training program for researchers in population neuroimaging: Early experiences. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2022; 1:896350. [PMID: 37555144 PMCID: PMC10406197 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.896350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging create groundbreaking opportunities to better understand human neurological and psychiatric diseases, but also bring new challenges. With the advent of more and more sophisticated and efficient multimodal image processing software, we can now study much larger populations and integrate information from multiple modalities. In consequence, investigators that use neuroimaging techniques must also understand and apply principles of population sampling and contemporary data analytic techniques. The next generation of neuroimaging researchers must be skilled in numerous previously distinct disciplines and so a new integrated model of training is needed. This tutorial presents the rationale for such a new training model and presents the results from the first years of the training program focused on population neuroimaging of Alzheimer's Disease. This approach is applicable to other areas of population neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Amen DG, Wu J, George N, Newberg A. Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1331-1337. [PMID: 32773393 PMCID: PMC7683049 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: While obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, the potential mechanisms underlying this risk may be clarified with better understanding of underlying physiology in obese persons. Objective: To identify patterns of cerebral perfusion abnormality in adults as a function of body mass index (BMI) defined weight categories, including overweight or obese status. Methods: A large psychiatric cohort of 35,442 brain scans across 17,721 adults (mean age 40.8±16.2 years, range 18–94 years) were imaged with SPECT during baseline and concentration scans, the latter done after each participant completed the Connors Continuous Performance Test II. ANOVA was done to identify patterns of perfusion abnormality in this cohort across BMI designations of underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI 24.9 to 29.9), obesity (BMI≥30), and morbid obesity (BMI≥40). This analysis was done for 128 brain regions quantifying SPECT perfusion using the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Results: Across adulthood, higher BMI correlated with decreased perfusion on both resting and concentration brain SPECT scans. These are seen in virtually all brain regions, including those influenced by AD pathology such as the hippocampus. Conclusion: Greater BMI is associated with cerebral perfusion decreases in both resting and concentration SPECT scans across adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Newberg
- Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Fletcher JR. Positioning ethnicity in dementia awareness research: does the use of senility risk ascribing racialised knowledge deficits to minority groups? SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:705-723. [PMID: 31965599 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, the importance of increasing dementia awareness has been promoted by charities, researchers and governments. In response, a large body of research has emerged that evaluates the awareness of different populations. One such population are minority ethnic communities. Associated studies typically conclude that minority ethnic groups have a poor awareness of dementia and that interventions should be developed to better educate them. Operationalisations of awareness almost always reference senility - the traditional notion that dementia is a natural outcome of ageing - a widely held belief among many populations. Senility is considered incorrect knowledge in the research literature, and those participants who identify with it are deemed to have poor awareness. Despite the researchers' claims that senility is false, the scientific evidence is inconclusive, and the concept is contested. As such, a large body of research repeatedly positions minority ethnic communities as inferior and in need of re-education based on researchers' questionable assumptions. This issue is bound up with a racialised deficit-model of science communication and wider critiques of psychiatric colonialism. In response, researchers of dementia and ethnicity should reflect on their own awareness and the ways in which they position others in relation to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fletcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Joshi P, Kawade V, Dhulap S, Goel M. Unlocking the concealed targets using system biology mapping for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1104-1107. [PMID: 31634797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neural loss in histology of brain with involvement of complex genomic and environmental factors. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and phosphorylated tau are indicative of progression and cognitive decline. Hence an understanding of the underlying biological pathways and targets along with associated mechanisms would be useful for the development of improved therapeutics for treating AD. In the present work, we aim to identify concealed targets for developing first line therapeutics and repositioning of validated targets as well as FDA- approved drugs using a system biology approach. METHODS We have collated information pertaining to the biological targets as well as the approved drugs, from scientific literature and patents. RESULTS In all, the imbalance in the functioning of around 79 proteins and genes were identified to be involved in Alzheimer's cascade. Amongst them, around 21 targets were found to be under therapeutic consideration for AD. Of the remaining, around 17 targets were reported as potential targets for AD, although they are under researcher's attention for other physio-pathological conditions. The analysis further revealed that ˜41 therapeutic targets are pharmacologically concealed but structurally validated targets and may constitute as potential therapeutic candidate for future drug discovery for AD. CONCLUSION The biological pathway vs. drug mapping provides a complete overview about underlying biological pathways, therapeutic targets (explored and concealed), associated mechanisms, existing therapeutics and the information pertaining to molecules currently under active drug development for further drug discovery and drug re-positioning/repurposing approaches for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorvashree Joshi
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vikram Kawade
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sivakami Dhulap
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mandakini Goel
- Solution Consultant, Clarivate Analytics, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
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Carr SJ, Jaeger J, Bian S, He P, Maserejian N, Wang W, Maruff P, Enayetallah A, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lerner A, Tatsuoka C. Associating Cognition With Amyloid Status Using Partially Ordered Set Analysis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:976. [PMID: 31572291 PMCID: PMC6753225 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of brain amyloid-beta positivity is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, but whether there are specific aspects of cognition that are most linked to amyloid-beta is unclear. Analysis of neuropsychological test data presents challenges since a single test often requires drawing upon multiple cognitive functions to perform well. It can thus be imprecise to link performance on a given test to a specific cognitive function. Our objective was to provide insight into how cognitive functions are associated with brain amyloid-beta positivity among samples consisting of cognitively normal and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) subjects, by using partially ordered set models (POSETs). Methods: We used POSET classification models of neuropsychological test data to classify samples to detailed cognitive profiles using ADNI2 and AIBL data. We considered 3 gradations of episodic memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, attention and perceptual motor speed, and performed group comparisons of cognitive functioning stratified by amyloid positivity (yes/no) and age (<70, 70-80, 81-90 years). We also employed random forest methods stratified by age to assess the effectiveness of cognitive testing in predicting amyloid positivity, in addition to demographic variables, and APOE4 allele count. Results: In ADNI2, differences in episodic memory and attention by amyloid were found for <70, and 70-80 years groups. In AIBL, episodic memory differences were found in the 70-80 years age group. In both studies, no cognitive differences were found in the 81-90 years group. The random forest analysis indicates that variable importance in classification depends on age. Cognitive testing that targets an intermediate level of episodic memory and delayed recall, in addition to APOE4 allele count, are the most important variables in both studies. Conclusions: In the ADNI2 and AIBL samples, the associations between specific cognitive abilities and brain amyloid-beta positivity depended on age, but in general episodic memory was most consistently predictive of brain amyloid-beta positivity. Random forest methods and OOB error rates establish the feasibility of predicting the presence of brain beta-amyloid using cognitive testing, APOE4 genotyping and demographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J.A. Carr
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Jaeger
- CognitionMetrics, LLC, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Ping He
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alan Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Beachwood, OH, United States
| | - Curtis Tatsuoka
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Beachwood, OH, United States
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Amen DG, Egan S, Meysami S, Raji CA, George N. Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Age Throughout the Lifespan. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:1087-1092. [PMID: 30103336 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the influence of aging on the brain remains a challenge in determining its role as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE To identify patterns of aging in a large neuroimaging cohort. METHODS A large psychiatric cohort of 31,227 individuals received brain SPECT at rest and during a concentration task for a total of 62,454 scans. ANOVA was done to identify the mean age trends over the course of the age range in this group, 0-105 years. A regression model in which brain SPECT regions of interest was used to predict chronological age (CA) was then utilized to derive brain estimated age (BEA). The difference between CA and BEA was calculated to determine increased brain aging in common disorders in our sample such as depression, dementia, substance use, and anxiety. RESULTS Throughout the lifespan, variations in perfusion were observed in childhood, adolescence, and late life. Increased brain aging was seen in alcohol use, cannabis use, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in men. CONCLUSION Brain SPECT can predict chronological age and this feature varies as a function of common psychiatric disorders.
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Ding Y, Ren J, Yu H, Yu W, Zhou Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontitis causing bacterium, induces memory impairment and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29422938 PMCID: PMC5791180 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background A possible relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported. However, there is limited information on the association between the Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) periodontal infection and the pathological features of AD. The hypothesis that P. gingivalis periodontal infection may cause cognitive impairment via age-dependent neuroinflammation was tested. Results Thirty 4-week-old (young) female C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group. Thirty 12-month-old (middle-aged) were grouped as above. The mouth of the mice in the experimental group was infected with P. gingivalis. Morris water maze(MWM) was performed to assess the learning and memory ability of mice after 6 weeks. Moreover, the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the mice brain tissues were determined by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that the learning and memory abilities of the middle-aged P. gingivalis infected mice were impaired. Moreover, the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the brain tissues of the middle-aged P. gingivalis infected mice were increased. Conclusions These results suggest that P. gingivalis periodontal infection may cause cognitive impairment via the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the brain tissues of middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- 1Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Qinghua Road 1500, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- 1Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Qinghua Road 1500, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- 1Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Qinghua Road 1500, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Weixian Yu
- Key laboratory of Mechanism of Tooth Development and Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration in Jilin Province, Qinghua Road 1500, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- 1Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Qinghua Road 1500, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021 China
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Dodge HH, Zhu J, Woltjer R, Nelson PT, Bennett DA, Cairns NJ, Fardo DW, Kaye JA, Lyons DE, Mattek N, Schneider JA, Silbert LC, Xiong C, Yu L, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ, Abner EL. Risk of incident clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease-type dementia attributable to pathology-confirmed vascular disease. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:613-623. [PMID: 28017827 PMCID: PMC5466467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of cerebrovascular pathology may increase the risk of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We examined excess risk of incident clinical diagnosis of AD (probable and possible AD) posed by the presence of lacunes and large infarcts beyond AD pathology using data from the Statistical Modeling of Aging and Risk of Transition study, a consortium of longitudinal cohort studies with more than 2000 autopsies. We created six mutually exclusive pathology patterns combining three levels of AD pathology (low, moderate, or high AD pathology) and two levels of vascular pathology (without lacunes and large infarcts or with lacunes and/or large infarcts). RESULTS The coexistence of lacunes and large infarcts results in higher likelihood of clinical diagnosis of AD only when AD pathology burden is low. DISCUSSION Our results reinforce the diagnostic importance of AD pathology in clinical AD. Further harmonization of assessment approaches for vascular pathologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko H Dodge
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Deniz-Erten Lyons
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Nora Mattek
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Non-targeted lipidomics of CSF and frontal cortex grey and white matter in control, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:270-8. [PMID: 25858158 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We undertook a non-targeted lipidomics analysis of post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), frontal cortex grey matter, and subjacent white matter to define potential biomarkers that distinguish cognitively intact subjects from those with incipient or established dementia. Our objective was to increase our understanding of the role of brain lipids in pathophysiology of aging and age-related cognitive impairment. METHODS Levels of 650 individual lipids, across 26 lipid subclasses, were measured utilising a high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis platform. RESULTS Monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), and the very-long-chain fatty acid 26:0 were elevated in the grey matter of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and old dementia (OD) cohorts. Ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn) were decreased in the grey matter of the young dementia (YD) and OD cohorts while and phosphatidylethanolamines (PtdEth) were lower in the MCI, YD and OD cohorts. In the white matter, decrements in sulphatide levels were detected in the YD group, DAG levels were elevated in the MCI group, and MAG levels were increased in the YD and OD groups. CONCLUSION The parallel changes in grey matter MAGs and DAGs in the MCI and OD groups suggest that these two cohorts may have a similar underlying pathophysiology; consistent with this, MCI subjects were more similar in age to OD than to YD subjects. While PlsEtn and phosphatidylethanolamine were decreased in the YD and OD groups they were unaltered in the MCI group indicating that alterations in plasmalogen synthesis are unlikely to represent an initiating event in the transition from MCI to dementia.
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Erten-Lyons D, Dodge HH, Woltjer R, Silbert LC, Howieson DB, Kramer P, Kaye JA. Neuropathologic basis of age-associated brain atrophy. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:616-22. [PMID: 23552688 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE While brain volume changes are used as surrogate markers for Alzheimer disease neuropathology in clinical studies, the extent to which these changes are due to pathologic features of Alzheimer disease in the aging brain is not well established. This study aims to clarify the neuropathologic correlates of longitudinal brain atrophy. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between brain atrophy during life and neuropathology in an elderly population. DESIGN Autopsy study of a cohort of elderly individuals. SETTING Community-based population. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-one healthy elderly individuals were selected from participants of the Oregon Brain Aging Study for having an autopsy, more than 1 magnetic resonance imaging scan, and the last magnetic resonance imaging scan within 36 months of death. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The associations between brain volume trajectories (ventricular, total brain, and hippocampal) and time interaction terms for neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, gross infarcts, microinfarcts, amyloid angiopathy, Lewy bodies, APOE ε4 presence, and clinical diagnosis (no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia as time-varying covariates) were examined in mixed-effects models, adjusting for duration of follow-up and age at death. RESULTS Ventricular volume trajectory was significantly associated with age, presence of infarcts, neurofibrillary tangle and neuritic plaque scores, APOE ε4 allele presence, and dementia diagnosis. Total brain volume trajectory was significantly associated with age and mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. Hippocampal volume trajectory was significantly associated with amyloid angiopathy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Ventricular volume trajectory is more sensitive than total brain and hippocampal volume trajectories as a marker of accruing Alzheimer disease and vascular pathology in elderly individuals. The association between brain volume trajectories and cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and dementia) remained after controlling for the degree of neuropathology and other covariates. This suggests that there may be other factors not measured in this study that could be contributing to brain atrophy in those with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Erten-Lyons
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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