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Zhu X, Chen S, He M, Dong Y, Fang S, Atigu Y, Sun J. Life experience and identity of spousal caregivers of people with dementia: A qualitative systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 154:104757. [PMID: 38552470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with dementia is on the rise worldwide, and dementia care has become the focus of global health services. People with dementia are primarily cared for by informal caregivers, with spouses seen as a particularly vulnerable group. Focusing on the spousal caregiving experience and having a good caregiver identity contributes to group bonding and enhanced social support. OBJECTIVE To explore the dynamic changes that occur in the caregiving experience of spouse caregivers and explicate the identity of spouses during this process alongside its causes. DESIGN A qualitative systematic review. DATA SOURCE The following eight electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science (Core Collection), The Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and CNKI, WanFang and Vip. REVIEW METHODS The Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) and Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual criteria were used to report the results. Study screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers, and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Qualitative Research Standard Assessment tool. Data synthesis was performed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included and synthesized into three analytical themes: (1) attitudes and emotions toward dementia, (2) emotional ups and downs in dementia care, and (3) who am "I". In binary care, patience and marital responsibilities are identified as facilitators, while care burden and social isolation are identified as hindrances. In addition, gender differences were identified as influencers of identity. CONCLUSIONS In this review, spouse identity of people with dementia is complex and affects caregiving experience together with dementia cognition. Disease cognition, caregiving burden and social isolation are identified. Interventions for barriers are suggested to enhance social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Zhu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Fang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Atigu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Sun
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Faulkner T, Dickinson J, Limbert S, Giebel C. The experiences and perspectives of older adult mental health professional staff teams when supporting people with young-onset dementia. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:567-583. [PMID: 38441077 DOI: 10.1177/14713012241236106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background. The diagnosis of young-onset dementia presents significant challenges both for the person and their families, which often differ from the challenges faced with late-onset dementia. Evidence of the experience of service users and carers tends to reveal a negative appraisal of the care received, citing longer diagnosis times, poor clinician knowledge and lack of age-appropriate care. However, evidence looking into staff experiences of supporting someone with young-onset dementia is relatively scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and reflections of health and social care staff who support people with young-onset dementia within older adult mental health services, and whether their knowledge of the systems they work in could reveal the existence of barriers or facilitators to young-onset dementia care. Methods. Health and social care professionals working with people and carers with young-onset dementia across England were remotely interviewed between September and December 2021. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings. Sixteen staff members were interviewed. Three themes were constructed with six sub-themes. The first theme related to the perception of greater complexity around young-onset dementia support. The second theme describes staff fears around their ability to effectively support people with young-onset dementia, including the perception that young-onset dementia requires specialist input. The final theme describes systemic and structural inefficiencies which provide additional challenges for staff. Conclusions. Providing effective support for people with young-onset dementia and their families requires adjustments both within the clinician role and mental health services. Staff considered young-onset dementia support to be a specialist intervention and felt the services they work for are suited to generic mental health and dementia provision. Findings are discussed with recommendations relating to developing a standardised model of dementia care for young-onset dementia which recognises and responds to the unique experiences of young-onset dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Faulkner
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North-West Coast, UK
| | | | - Stan Limbert
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North-West Coast, UK
| | - Clarissa Giebel
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North-West Coast, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK
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Hochgraeber I, Köhler K, Stöcker H, Holle B. The dyadic relationship of family carers and people living with dementia - an umbrella review. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1965-1974. [PMID: 37390842 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2215191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dyadic relationship of people living with dementia and their family carers is highly relevant when considering the stability of home-based care arrangements. There is a solid body of research that covers issues related to dyadic relationships. However, a synthesis of qualitative research is missing. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the dyadic relationship, with the leading research question of what influences the dyadic relationship and how it can be maintained during the trajectory of the disease. METHODS We performed an umbrella review of qualitative literature on the basis of thematic synthesis and used the SoCA-Dem theory as a theoretical framework. Literature searches in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo were performed from July to September 2020, additional papers were included until September 2022. We searched without timeframe restrictions and considered publications in English or German. RESULTS After a systematic database search, resulting in 1325 records, we included 12 reviews. Five analytical themes and 11 subthemes were identified. The analytical themes were 'change in the relationship', 'activities to maintain the relationship', 'continued togetherness', 'home as a place for enacting relationship', and 'influencing factors'. CONCLUSION The dyadic relationship is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It is characterized by family carers' attempts to continue togetherness using different strategies and is mainly influenced by the quality of the premorbid relationship and the mindset of the family carer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hochgraeber
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Witten, Germany
- Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Kerstin Köhler
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Witten, Germany
- Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Hannah Stöcker
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holle
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Witten, Germany
- Faculty of Health, School of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Scott TL, Rooney D, Liddle J, Mitchell G, Gustafsson L, Pachana NA. A qualitative study exploring the experiences and needs of people living with young onset dementia related to driving cessation: 'It's like you get your legs cut off'. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad109. [PMID: 37481262 PMCID: PMC10362976 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND driving disruptions have significant impact on individuals living with dementia, their care partners and family members. Previous studies show that for older people with dementia, stopping driving is one of the hardest things that they cope with. To date, no studies exist that address the expressed needs and experiences of people living with young onset dementia (YOD) who are adjusting to life without driving, whose needs are not well understood and whose needs might be expected to differ from those of older people with dementia. METHODS a multi-perspective, qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was undertaken. A topic guide was developed in consultation with lived experience experts. In-depth interviews (n = 18) with 10 people with YOD and eight family caregivers were conducted, to elicit lived experiences in relation to changing and cessation of driving. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a hybrid approach, employing deductive and inductive coding. RESULTS core findings reflected the impact and coping strategies employed by people with YOD and their care partners across four themes: (i) losses and burdens, (ii) the unique challenges of YOD, (iii) coping and adjustment and (iv) how to meet needs. CONCLUSIONS driving disruptions often come at a time when people living with YOD are likely to have significant financial and family commitments, or they/their partners may be employed or raising a family, negatively impacting individual's roles and self-identities. Intervention to support emotional and practical adjustment and reduce social isolation is essential for coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Scott
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Donna Rooney
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jacki Liddle
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Geoffrey Mitchell
- General Practice Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise Gustafsson
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Couples with intellectual disability where one partner has dementia – a scoping review exploring relationships in the context of dementia and intellectual disability. AGEING & SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Relationships and marriages between couples with intellectual disability are to be celebrated, as is the longer life expectancy now enjoyed by many with intellectual disability. However, dementia disproportionately affects people with intellectual disability, especially people with Down's syndrome. Research into experiences of couples without intellectual disability who are affected by dementia suggests that a relational perspective provides health and social care professionals with information to support the wellbeing of both partners. This dyadic perspective is missing for couples with an intellectual disability where one partner has dementia. There is currently no evidence base informing how each partner may best be supported. This scoping review, with three separate searches, aims to address this gap. The first search sought to establish if any studies had explored the experiences of couples with intellectual disability where one partner has dementia. After determining that no studies have been published to date, the review explores what is known about relationships in the context of dementia (N = 8) and in the context of intellectual disability (N = 10), in second and third searches. Different ways to approach care and support in relationships among partners, staff and other family members were identified and it was evident that support could act as a facilitator as well as a barrier to people and their relationships. While the lives of couples affected by dementia appeared to remain largely private, couples with intellectual disability had a high involvement of staff and family members in their life. Potential implications for future research with couples with intellectual disability affected by dementia are discussed, highlighting the importance of exploring how couples navigate emotional complexities and changes in their relationship, while understanding that the context in which the lives of people with intellectual disability take place and relationships happen is different.
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Wiggins M, McEwen A, Sexton A. Young-onset dementia: A systematic review of the psychological and social impact on relatives. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 107:107585. [PMID: 36516659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young-onset dementia (YOD) has significant impact for the affected person, but also has far-reaching effects on the family. Additionally, biological relatives have an increased genetic risk of developing the condition themselves. This review aimed to identify the psychological and social impacts of YOD in the family, for asymptomatic relatives. METHODS A systematic review of key databases for empirical studies about the lived experience of biological relatives at risk for YOD was performed. Data was collated and interpreted via narrative synthesis. RESULTS The majority of the nineteen included studies were qualitative and explored the experiences of children with a parent with YOD. Five themes were developed: (1) Onset of YOD disrupts family functioning (2) Emotional impact is significant and varied (3) Uncertain future (due to uncertainty of diagnosis, care-giving responsibilities, and their own increased genetic risk) (4) Lack of visibility in health care and society (5) Coping strategies include physical/cognitive distancing, and emotion-focused coping. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a diagnosis of YOD significantly impacts the lives of relatives, yet their experiences and needs often go unnoticed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We present a practical framework of questions and strategies for care of relatives, mapped to the self-regulation model of genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Wiggins
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Alison McEwen
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrienne Sexton
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Genomic Medicine Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Chirico I, Ottoboni G, Linarello S, Ferriani E, Marrocco E, Chattat R. Family experience of young-onset dementia: the perspectives of spouses and children. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2243-2251. [PMID: 34842004 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2008871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although young-onset dementia (YOD) affects the whole family system, this population is still under-represented in literature, and no progress in care provision has been made. Hence, additional evidence is necessary to understand how family and social relationships are affected by YOD and care challenges, as to provide recommendations for clinical practice and service improvement from a family perspective. METHOD Family carers were recruited via one memory clinic and the local Alzheimer's Associations in Italy. Semi-structured interviews explored their experiences with YOD, the impact of the condition on their lives, family and social relationships, and the support and care they received. Transcripts were coded by three researchers and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Thirty-eight interviews were conducted with 26 spouses and 12 adult children. Three themes emerged: 1) Problems around diagnosis, 2) Lack of post-diagnostic support, and 3) Living with YOD as a family. Overall, problems occurred across the dementia pathway. Without appropriate support, it was difficult for families to adjust to living with YOD and to the associated changes in family roles and relationships. CONCLUSIONS Since optimal care depends on good family relationships, better support for families in the adaptation to condition would likely benefit patient care while ensuring social inclusion and health equity for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chirico
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Simona Linarello
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, Local Health Care Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ferriani
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, Local Health Care Unit, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Local Health Care Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Marrocco
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, Local Health Care Unit, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Local Health Care Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bruinsma J, Peetoom K, Verhey F, Bakker C, de Vugt M. Behind closed doors. A case study exploring the lived experiences of a family of a person with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:2569-2583. [PMID: 36164995 PMCID: PMC9583276 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221126312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by
profound changes in personality and behavior that often start before the age
of 65 years. These symptoms impact family life, particularly if (adult)
children live at home. In research on young-onset dementia or frontotemporal
dementia, the family itself is hardly ever a unit of analysis. Insight in
the perspectives of different family members from the same household helps
to obtain a deeper understanding of the complex impact of the symptoms on
family dynamics. Methods This case study explored the perspectives of one family having a relative
with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia living at home. Over
the course of 4 months, different family members were individually
interviewed twice. Two authors independently performed a directed content
analysis. Results The family consisted of a father, mother, and three adult children. Around
3 years before the interviews the father was diagnosed with frontotemporal
dementia. The main category identified was the change in family dynamics over the
disease trajectory. Three subcategories characterized the changing family
dynamics, namely (a) the change in existing roles, relationships and
interaction patterns in the family due to early symptoms, (b) a redefinition
of roles and responsibility in the family once the diagnosis was
established, and (c) the formation of new roles, relationships and
interaction patterns in the family by organizing post-diagnostic support at
home. Conclusion Symptoms of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia have a complex
and profound impact on family dynamics and change existing roles,
relationships, and interaction patterns. Psychosocial support may help
families by accounting for individual differences in involvement, coping,
and bereavement. This may help to create a sense of mutual understanding
between family members that could potentially strengthen their relationship.
This may help families to deal with the difficult challenge of organizing
care for a relative with frontotemporal dementia who lives at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bruinsma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, 5211Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Peetoom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, 5211Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, 5211Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Bakker
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; Radboudumc Alzheimer Centre, The Netherlands; Groenhuysen, Centre for Specialized Geriatric Care, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, 5211Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Mittelman MS, O'Connor MK, Donley T, Epstein-Smith C, Nguyen A, Nicholson R, Salant R, Shirk SD, Stevenson E. Longitudinal study: understanding the lived experience of couples across the trajectory of dementia. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:558. [PMID: 34654375 PMCID: PMC8518196 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The longitudinal study, “Couples Lived Experiences,” focuses on whether and how relationship characteristics of older couples change with the cognitive decline of one member of the couple, and how these changes affect each individual’s emotional and physical health outcomes. Until now, most psychosocial research in dementia has focused either on the person with dementia (PWD) or the caregiver separately. The previous literature examining relationship characteristics and their role in outcomes for the caregiver and PWD is scant and suffers from methodological issues that limit the understanding of which relationship characteristics most influence outcomes for caregivers and care-receivers and what other factors may mitigate or exacerbate their effects. Methods We will enroll 300 dyads and collect information via online interviews of each member of the couple, every 6 months for 3 years. Relationship characteristics will be measured with a set of short, well-validated, and reliable self-report measures, plus the newly developed “Partnership Approach Questionnaire.” Outcomes include global quality of life, subjective physical health, mental health (depression and anxiety), and status change (transitions in levels of care; i.e., placement in a nursing home). Longitudinal data will be used to investigate how relationship characteristics are affected by cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and the impact of these changes on health outcomes. Qualitative data will also be collected to enrich the interpretation of results of quantitative analyses. Discussion Psychosocial interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the wellbeing of PWD and their caregivers. The knowledge gained from this study can lead to the development or enhancement of targeted interventions for older couples that consider the impact of cognitive and functional decline on the relationship between members of a couple and thereby improve their wellbeing. Trial registration This study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is: NCT04863495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Mittelman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Maureen K O'Connor
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Donley
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roscoe Nicholson
- Department of Human Development, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Salant
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Steven D Shirk
- Department of Psychiatry and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stevenson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Stamou V, Fontaine JL, O'Malley M, Jones B, Gage H, Parkes J, Carter J, Oyebode J. The nature of positive post-diagnostic support as experienced by people with young onset dementia. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1125-1133. [PMID: 32067481 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1727854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on service needs of people with young onset dementia have taken a problem-oriented approach with resulting recommendations focusing on reducing service shortcomings. This study aimed to build on 'what works' in real-life practice by exploring the nature of post-diagnostic support services that were perceived positively by younger people with dementia and carers. METHOD Positive examples of support were gathered between August 2017 and September 2018, via a national survey. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to explore the nature of positively experienced services provided for younger people with dementia, including analysis of what was provided by positively experienced services. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-three respondents reported 856 positive experiences of support. Data analysis yielded eight themes regarding the objectives of positive services: Specialist Advice and Information on Young Onset Dementia, Access to Age-appropriate Services, Interventions for Physical and Mental Health, Opportunities for Social Participation, Opportunities to Have a Voice, Enablement of Independence while Managing Risk, Enablement of Financial Stability, and Support Interventions for Family Relationships. CONCLUSION The study findings (a) suggest that positive services may collectively create an enabling-protective circle that supports YPD to re-establish and maintain a positive identity in the face of young onset dementia, and (b) provide a basis from which future good practice can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Stamou
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jenny La Fontaine
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mary O'Malley
- The UoN Dementia Research & Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Bridget Jones
- Surrey Health Economics Centre, Department of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Heather Gage
- Surrey Health Economics Centre, Department of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Jacqueline Parkes
- The UoN Dementia Research & Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Janet Carter
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Oyebode
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Bayly M, O'Connell ME, Kortzman A, Peacock S, Morgan DG, Kirk A. Family carers' narratives of the financial consequences of young onset dementia. DEMENTIA 2021; 20:2708-2724. [PMID: 33877946 PMCID: PMC8670747 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211009341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with young onset dementia and their families face unique challenges, such as disruptions to their life cycle and relationships and a dearth of appropriate supports. Financial consequences have also been noted in the literature yet have not been explored in-depth. The purpose of this research was to qualitatively explore carers’ experiences of financial consequences resulting from the young onset dementia of a family member and how these consequences may be managed. Eight carers (7 women and 1 man) provided a written online narrative about their journey with young onset dementia and any financial consequences experienced, with open-ended prompts to elicit details not yet shared. Narratives were inductively coded and analyzed using a thematic narrative approach. Carers described a voluntary or involuntary end to employment for the person with young onset dementia around the time of diagnosis. This engendered ongoing and anticipated financial consequences, combined with the need for carers to balance employment with the provision of care (which often meant early retirement for spousal carers). Common themes were tension between the needs to provide care and earn income, altered financial prospects, costs of care, and lack of available and accessible supports to ameliorate financial consequences. Findings illustrate the reality of financial consequences across the trajectory of young onset dementia. These consequences may manifest differently for spousal and child carers and are not being adequately addressed by existing supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bayly
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - August Kortzman
- Department of Psychology, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Shelley Peacock
- College of Nursing, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Debra G Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew Kirk
- College of Medicine, 7235University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Stamou V, La Fontaine J, Gage H, Jones B, Williams P, O'Malley M, Parkes J, Carter J, Oyebode J. Services for people with young onset dementia: The 'Angela' project national UK survey of service use and satisfaction. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:411-422. [PMID: 32979287 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young onset dementia is associated with distinctive support needs but existing research on service provision has been largely small scale and qualitative. Our objective was to explore service use, cost and satisfaction across the UK. METHODS Information about socio-demographic characteristics, service use and satisfaction were gathered from people with young onset dementia (YOD) and/or a family member/supporter via a national survey. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-three responses were analysed. Diagnosis was most commonly received through a Memory Clinic or Neurology. The type of service delivering diagnosis impacted on post-diagnostic care. Those diagnosed in specialist YOD services were more likely to receive support within the first 6 weeks and receive ongoing care in the service where they were diagnosed. Ongoing care management arrangements varied but generally care was lacking. Around 42% reported no follow-up during 6-weeks after diagnosis; over a third reported seeing no health professional within the previous 3 months; just over a third had a key worker and just under a third had a care plan. Satisfaction and quality of care were highest in specialist services. Almost 60% of family members spent over 5 h per day caring; median costs of health and social care, 3 months, 2018, were £394 (interquartile range £389 to 640). CONCLUSIONS Variation across diagnostic and post-diagnostic care pathways for YOD leads to disparate experiences, with specialist young onset services being associated with better continuity, quality and satisfaction. More specialist services are needed so all with YOD can access age-appropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Stamou
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny La Fontaine
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Heather Gage
- Surrey Health Economics Centre, Department of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Bridget Jones
- Surrey Health Economics Centre, Department of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Peter Williams
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mary O'Malley
- Centre for Applied Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Parkes
- Centre for Applied Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Janet Carter
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Oyebode
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Leggett AN, Choi H, Chopik WJ, Liu H, Gonzalez R. Early Cognitive Decline and its Impact on Spouse's Loneliness. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:78-93. [PMID: 33041699 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2020.1750293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Loneliness is common in dementia caregivers as cognitive impairment (CI) alters marital and social relationships. Unexplored is how an individual's loneliness is affected at earlier, more ambiguous, periods of their spouse's CI. Methods Using the Health and Retirement Study, our study participants included 2,206 coupled individuals with normal cognitive function at the 2006/8 baseline. Loneliness outcomes at baseline, 4-year and 8-year follow-up are assessed by the status of transition to cognitive impairment no dementia (TCIND) (2010/12 & 2014/16) using linear mixed models. Results Individual's loneliness was stable when their spouse's cognition remained normal, but increased with the spouse's TCIND. The increase in loneliness did not vary by gender. Conclusions Loneliness, a key risk factor for reduced life quality and increased depression, increases even at early stages of a partner's CIND. This work suggests the potential impact of early intervention and social support for partners of individuals with CIND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HwaJung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University
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14
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Werner P, Raviv-Turgeman L, Corrigan PW. The influence of the age of dementia onset on college students' stigmatic attributions towards a person with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32171246 PMCID: PMC7071751 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research in the area of public stigma and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is limited to examining stigmatic beliefs towards persons aged 65 and over (i.e., persons with late-onset dementia). The aim of the present study was to compare college students’ stigmatic attributions towards an older and a younger person with AD, using an attributional model of stigma. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 375 college students (mean age = 25.5, 58.9% female, 64.3% Jewish) who answered a computerized, self-administered, structured questionnaire after being presented with one of two randomly distributed vignettes varying in the age of the person with AD – 80 or 50 years of age. Cognitive, emotional and behavioral attributions of stigma were assessed using an adapted version of the Attribution Questionnaire. Other variables examined included background information, experiences and concerns about developing AD. T-tests and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) hierarchical regressions were used to analyze results. Results Similar to previous studies, students’ levels of dementia stigma were low to moderate. Negative attributions were consistently and significantly higher (β = .17 to .33, p < .01), and positive attributions were significantly lower (β = −.26, p < .01) when the target person was younger rather than older. Conclusion The differences in stigmatic beliefs towards a younger and older person with AD point to the theoretical and practical importance of clearly stating the age of the target person in stigma studies as well as in programs aimed at reducing public stigma towards persons with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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15
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Bruinsma J, Peetoom K, Millenaar J, Köhler S, Bakker C, Koopmans R, Pijnenburg Y, Verhey F, de Vugt M. The quality of the relationship perceived by spouses of people with young-onset dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2020:1-10. [PMID: 32151300 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young-onset dementia (YOD) has a profound impact on spouses. However, little is known on how the quality of the relationship changes over time in YOD. This study aims to determine how the quality of the relationship changes over time and identify predictors of this change. METHODS This study used data from the NEEDs in Young onset Dementia (NeedYD) study. The primary outcome measure was the quality of the relationship perceived by spouses measured throughout 24 months. Baseline characteristics of persons with YOD and spouses were also measured to assess their predictive value. RESULTS Totally, 178 dyads were included. The perceived quality of the relationship deteriorated over time. A longer symptom duration, a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia, lower levels of awareness of deficits, lower levels of initiative toward daily living activities, and higher levels of apathy, hyperactivity, depression, and anxiety in the person with YOD were associated with a lower perceived quality of the relationship by spouses. A coping style characterized by palliative and passive reacting patterns and higher levels of neuroticism in spouses was also associated with a lower quality of the relationship. CONCLUSION The quality of the relationship as perceived by spouses deteriorated over time and was influenced by characteristics of the person with YOD as well as their spouse. Helping spouses to come to terms with factors that threaten their sense of couplehood might help them to develop a more positive attitude toward their spousal relationship and improve the quality of the relationship and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bruinsma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Peetoom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joany Millenaar
- Laurens, Center for Specialized Geriatric Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Bakker
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud, Department of Primary and Community Care, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Groenhuysen, Center for Specialized Geriatric Care, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Koopmans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud, Department of Primary and Community Care, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- De Waalboog "Joachim en Anna," Center for Specialized Geriatric Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology/Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Characteristics of Young-Onset and Late-Onset Dementia Patients at a Remote Memory Clinic. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 47:320-327. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:Background:Young-onset dementia (YOD) is defined as the onset of dementia symptoms before the age of 65 years and accounts for 2–8% of dementia. YOD patients and their caregivers face unique challenges in diagnosis and management. We aimed to compare the characteristics of rural YOD and late-onset dementia (LOD) patients at a rural and remote memory clinic in Western Canada.Methods:A total of 333 consecutive patients (YOD = 61, LOD = 272) at a rural and remote memory clinic between March 2004 and July 2016 were included in this study. Each patient had neuropsychological assessment. Health, mood, function, behaviour and social factors were also measured. Both groups were compared using χ2 tests and independent sample tests.Results:YOD patients were more likely to be married, employed, current smokers and highly educated. They reported fewer cognitive symptoms, but had more depressive symptoms. YOD patients were less likely to live alone and use homecare services. YOD caregivers were also more likely to be a spouse and had higher levels of distress than LOD caregivers. Both YOD and LOD patient groups were equally likely to have a driver’s licence.Conclusions:Our findings indicate YOD and LOD patients have distinct characteristics and services must be modified to better meet YOD patient needs. In particular, the use of homecare services and caregiver support may alleviate the higher levels of distress found in YOD patients and their caregivers. Additional research should be directed to addressing YOD patient depression, caregiver distress and barriers to services.
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Werner P, Shpigelman CN, Raviv Turgeman L. Family caregivers' and professionals' stigmatic experiences with persons with early-onset dementia: a qualitative study. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 34:52-61. [PMID: 31058357 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, research has focused on understanding the needs of persons with early-onset dementia and their family caregivers who often experience stigmatic beliefs. However, to date, research has not provided a thorough and deep understanding of the stigma formation process and its implications for this population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the stigma formation process as experienced by family members as informal caregivers of persons with early-onset dementia, and professionals as formal caregivers who are involved in the development, management and provision of services. METHOD We conducted three focus groups with 16 participants, including spouses of a person with early-onset dementia and professionals. The focus groups' transcripts were analysed following a thematic analysis procedure. RESULTS Results indicated that both family members and professionals encounter stigmatic experiences because of their association with younger persons with dementia. Lack of knowledge emerged as the main antecedent and emotional burden as the main consequence of stigma. CONCLUSION Stigmatic experiences emerged as a pervasive and complex phenomenon among formal and informal caregivers of persons with early-onset dementia, suggesting the need to developing a comprehensive and integrated approach to reduce them at the individual, professional and societal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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