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Hill GD, Wu DT, Ferguson ME, Flores S, Ginde S, Hill KD, Johansen M, Newburger JW, Gao Z, Cnota JF. Preoperative Hemodynamics Impact the Benefit of Fenestration on Fontan Postoperative Length of Stay. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100846. [PMID: 38606347 PMCID: PMC11008224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilization of Fontan fenestration varies considerably by center. OBJECTIVES Using a multicenter Pediatric Heart Network dataset linking surgical and preoperative hemodynamic variables, the authors evaluated factors associated with use of Fontan fenestration and the impact of fenestration on post-Fontan length of stay (LOS). METHODS Patients 2 to 6 years old at Fontan surgery from 2010 to 2020 with catheterization<1 year prior were included. Factors associated with fenestration were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for key covariates. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was used to evaluate potential cut-points for hemodynamic variables associated with longer postoperative LOS stratified by fenestration with multivariable linear regression to evaluate the magnitude of effect. RESULTS Fenestration was used in 465 of 702 patients (66.2%). Placement of a fenestration was associated with center (range 27%-93% use, P < 0.0001) and Fontan type (OR: 14.1 for lateral tunnel vs extracardiac conduit, P < 0.0001). No hemodynamic variable was independently associated with fenestration. In a multivariable linear model adjusting for center, a center-fenestration interaction, prematurity, preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and cardiac index, fenestration was associated with shorter hospital LOS after Fontan (P = 0.0024). The benefit was most pronounced at mPAP ≥13 mm Hg (median LOS: 9 vs 12 days, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is wide center variability in use of Fontan fenestration that is not explained by preoperative hemodynamics. Fenestration is independently associated with shorter LOS, and those with mPAP ≥13 mm Hg at pre-Fontan catheterization benefit the most. We propose this threshold as minimal criteria for fenestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garick D. Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Danny T.Y. Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - M. Eric Ferguson
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Saul Flores
- Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salil Ginde
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin D. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Center, Duke Children’s Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Johansen
- Division of Cardiology, Riley Children’s Hospital at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jane W. Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiqian Gao
- The Heart Institute Research Core, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James F. Cnota
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Liu X, Yuan H, Chen J, Cen J, Nie Z, Xu G, Wen S, Zhuang J. Outcomes following modified extracardiac Fontan procedure of direct total cavopulmonary connection with autologous vessels: a single-centre 10-year experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 57:628-634. [PMID: 31740945 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The modified extracardiac Fontan of direct total cavopulmonary connection (dTCPC) with entirely autologous vessels is a better solution in selected patients with functionally univentricular hearts because it combines the advantages of a tubular connection and of full growth potential. We investigated the mid-term to long-term outcomes of the physical condition of patients who had the dTCPC and assessed the growth potential of the autologous dTCPC pathway. METHODS From July 2005 to June 2014, 31 patients, aged 1.8-14.0 years, underwent a modified extracardiac Fontan with dTCPC at our institution. Twenty-two patients underwent a 1-stage dTCPC and 9 patients underwent a 2-stage dTCPC. The preoperative and postoperative data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 17 (54.8%) boys and 14 (45.2%) girls, with a median age of 6.4 years (range 1.8-14.0 years) and a mean weight of 17.8 kg (range 9-41 kg). The mean follow-up period was 6.0 years (range 2.1-10.2 years). There was 1 early death and 2 late deaths. The event-free survival rate for the 31 patients was 88.9% at 10 years during the follow-up period. Late protein-losing enteropathy, thromboembolism, arrhythmia or heart failure were not observed. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative data for body mass index and the diameters of the autologous dTCPC pathway and pulmonary artery branches, confirming that the growth potential of the autologous dTCPC pathway was realized. CONCLUSIONS The dTCPC procedure could be performed with satisfactory midterm to long-term outcomes in selected patients. It has the potential of retaining the advantage of the extracardiac Fontan operation together with the potential for growth and the avoidance of prosthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng Cen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of fenestration for patients undergoing Fontan procedure seem controversial at early and late postoperative stages. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the outcomes between the fenestrated and non-fenestrated Fontan procedures. METHODS Studies comparing the fenestrated and non-fenestrated Fontan procedures were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until July 2018. The assessed variables included postoperative oxygen saturation (SaO2), pulmonary artery pressure, mortality, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, chest tube duration, protein-losing enteropathy, arrhythmia, and other follow-up outcomes including reintervention, stroke/thrombosis, and peak oxygen consumption. A random-effect/fixed-effect model was used to summarize the estimates of the mean difference (MD)/odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis stratified by early and late outcomes was performed. RESULTS A total of 1929 Fontan patients from 14 studies were included. The early postoperative SaO2 was lower with fenestration than without fenestration (MD -2.52, 95% CI -4.16 to -0.87, P <.05); however, the late postoperative SaO2 showed no difference between the 2 approaches. The CPB time was shorter without fenestration than with fenestration (MD 10.72, 95% CI 2.54-18.9, P <.05); however, the incidence of arrhythmia was lower with fenestration than without fenestration (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.75, P <.05). Other variables showed no significant differences between the 2 approaches in Fontan patients. CONCLUSION Fenestration appears to result in a lower incidence of arrhythmia but with a longer CPB time and lower early SaO2. Other outcomes are comparable between the 2 approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - Mengsi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Xu Zhou
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
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Hill GD, Ghanayem NS, Hraska V, Jacobsen RM, Mitchell ME, Woods RK, Ginde S. Variation in the use of Fontan fenestration in the current surgical era. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fan Q, Ling Y, Wang Y, An Q. Easy technique for emergency fenestration in non-fenestrated Fontan patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 25:1001-1002. [PMID: 29049712 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fontan procedure is a commonly used final pathway of palliation for single-ventricle physiology. Performing it without fenestration can avoid fenestration-related drawbacks, including subnormal oxygen saturation, decreased exercise tolerance, paradoxical embolization and subsequent need for closure by catheter intervention. If emergency fenestration is required, however, it is not always technically easy to perform, particularly when the atrium is posteriorly located and difficult to expose. We describe an easy technique for creating an anastomosis using a ring-supported polytetrafluoroethylene graft to the atrium for fenestration, performed in 2 patients who underwent extracardiac conduit Fontan procedures without fenestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Yabo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
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Davies RR, Pizarro C. Decision-Making for Surgery in the Management of Patients with Univentricular Heart. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:61. [PMID: 26284226 PMCID: PMC4515559 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of technical refinements over the past 30 years, in combination with advances in perioperative management, have resulted in dramatic improvements in the survival of patients with univentricular heart. While the goal of single-ventricle palliation remains unchanged - normalization of the pressure and volume loads on the systemic ventricle, the strategies to achieve that goal have become more diverse. Optimal palliation relies on a thorough understanding of the changing physiology over the first years of life and the risks and consequences of each palliative strategy. This review describes how to optimize surgical decision-making in univentricular patients based on a current understanding of anatomy, physiology, and surgical palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Robert Davies
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE , USA ; Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Christian Pizarro
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE , USA ; Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Abstract
The Fontan circulation results from routing of the systemic venous blood to the pulmonary circulation without a hydraulic source of a ventricle. Although a hypertrophied right atrium was thought to be essential for this circulation, the current form of the operation has neither the right atrium nor any valves in the venous circulation that is connected to the pulmonary arteries directly. Modifications in the operative model was one of the early steps in improving outcome. Use of fenestration, staging of Fontan completion and better perioperative management have led to a significant drop in mortality rates in the current era. Despite this, there is late attrition of patients with complications such as arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, and unusual clinical syndromes of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis. Management of failing Fontan includes a detailed hemodynamic and imaging assessment to treat any correctable lesions such as obstruction within the Fontan circuit, early control of arrhythmia and maintenance of sinus rhythm, symptomatic treatment for PLE and plastic bronchitis, manipulation of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and Fontan conversion of less favorable atriopulmonary connection to extra-cardiac total cavopulmonary connection with arrythmia surgery. Cardiac transplantation remains the only successful definitive palliation in the failing Fontan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Khambadkone
- Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Kenny D, McMahon C, Walsh KP. Transhepatic Approach for Extracardiac Inferior Cavopulmonary Connection Stent Fenestration. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2011; 6:276-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Praus A, Eicken A, Balling G, Schreiber C, Hess J. Progressive intrapulmonary shunting in a child after bidirectional Glenn operation only resolved after total cavopulmonary completion. Int J Cardiol 2008; 128:e12-5. [PMID: 17706305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl with progressive intrapulmonary shunting after bidirectional Glenn (BDG) operation and resolution of these microscopic fistulas after completion to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC).
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Hörer J, Schreiber C, Prodan Z, Zaccaria F, Cleuziou J, Böckler U, Kühn A, Tassani-Prell P, Lange R. Total cavopulmonary connection in a 35-month-old Jehovah's Witness child. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008; 22:108-10. [PMID: 18249343 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at Technical University, Munich, Germany.
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Schreiber C, Hörer J, Vogt M, Cleuziou J, Prodan Z, Lange R. Nonfenestrated extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection in 132 consecutive patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84:894-9. [PMID: 17720396 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was conducted to assess the need for fenestration for completion of a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) with the most recent modification of an extracardiac conduit. METHODS The extracardiac approach was introduced to our institution in January 1999. Between June 2000 and June 2006, 132 consecutive patients were treated without a fenestration. At the time of TCPC, the median age was 31 months (range, 16 251), with 93 patients (70%) being younger than 48 months. Median patient weight was 12.5 kg (range, 9 to 66 kg). A previous partial cavopulmonary connection (PCPC) was accomplished in 117 patients (88.6%), without additional pulmonary blood flow. RESULTS Thirty-day-mortality was 1.5%. Median time to extubation was 14 hours (range, 3 hours to 126 days). Initial pulmonary artery pressure value was 16.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, and 13.1 +/- 1.8 after extubation. Median drainage requirement was 4 days (range, 1 to 45), and median duration of hospitalization was 20 days (range, 5 to 128). Thirty-one (24%) required repeat drainage insertion. No subsequent fenestration was performed, and at hospital discharge no significant repeat effusions were observed. Multiple covariate logistic regression revealed longer time interval from PCPC to extracardiac TCPC (p = 0.006) as a significant predictor of pleural drainage lasting longer than 4 days, and older age at the time of extracardiac TCPC (p = 0.040) as a risk factor for hospitalization more than 20 days. Higher pulmonary artery pressure 3 hours postoperatively was a significant predictor for both outcome variables in the multivariate model (p = 0.013, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In general, an extracardiac TCPC can be performed without fenestration. Early staging of patients with functional single ventricle physiology may be one of the keys for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schreiber
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, and Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Snyder CS, Moodie DS. Review of Abstracts from the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology Meeting, May 24?27, Basel, Switzerland. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2006.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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