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Oelker A, Rumpf HJ, Brand M, Müller SM. Validation of the ACSID-11 for consistent screening of specific Internet-use disorders based on ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder: A multitrait-multimethod approach. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 132:152470. [PMID: 38631271 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the inclusion of gaming disorder in the ICD-11, diagnostic criteria were introduced for this relatively new disorder. These criteria may be applied to other potential specific Internet-use disorders. The 11-item Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) was developed for consistent screening of gaming disorder, online buying-shopping disorder, online pornography-use disorder, social networks-use disorder, and online gambling disorder. This study tested the construct validity of the ACSID-11, including convergent and divergent measures. METHODS The ACSID-11 measures five behavioral addictions with the same set of items by following the principles of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The ACSID-11 was administered to a convenience sample of active Internet users (N = 1597) together with validated and established measures of each specific Internet-use disorder along with screeners for mental health. Included are the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS), the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Berlin Inventory of Gambling behavior - Screening (BIG-S). The ACSID-11 was compared convergently and divergently through a multitrait-multimethod approach along with contingency tables with the other Internet-use disorder screeners. RESULTS The multitrait-multimethod results shows that each behavior assessed with the ACSID-11 has moderate to strong correlations (r's from 0.462 to 0.609) with the scores of the corresponding established measures and, furthermore, positive correlations (r's from 0.122 to 0.434) with measures of psychological distress and further shows that the ACSID-11 can be used for a comprehensive assessment of different behaviors. The contingency tables reveal large divergences between the ACSID-11 and other screening instruments concerning the classification of problematic specific Internet use based on the given cut-off values. CONCLUSION The current work provides additional validation for the ACSID-11. Accordingly, this tool can be considered as reliable and valid for the simultaneous assessment of different Internet-use disorders: gaming disorder, online buying-shopping disorder, online pornography use disorder, social networks use disorder, and online gambling disorder. With a subsequent clinical validation of the scale and the proposed cut-off score, the ACSID-11 will be a thoroughly validated useful screening tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oelker
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance use and related disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology, and Prevention), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Silke M Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
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Thomas TA, Schmid AM, Kessling A, Wolf OT, Brand M, Steins-Loeber S, Müller A. Stress and compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A scoping review. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 132:152482. [PMID: 38603938 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theoretical frameworks of behavioral addictions mostly acknowledge the role of stress in the development and maintenance of these disorders, models of compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) however rarely incorporated stress. The association between stress and CBSD has not been reviewed yet. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to evaluate empirical results on the association between stress and CBSD. A comprehensive search string was employed in three databases. RESULTS 16 studies were included. Correlative studies suggested significant correlations between general perceived stress and CBSD symptom severity. Studies involving mean comparisons found higher general perceived stress levels in persons with problematic buying-shopping behavior/CBSD compared to control participants (large effects). Mixed results were found in studies involving regression/structural equation models and ecological momentary assessments. One study with a stress/negative mood induction observed more CBSD symptoms in a high stress group compared to a low stress group. DISCUSSION The studies are heterogeneous concerning design, samples and measures. Only very few studies surpass the level of cross-sectional correlative data which limits the ability to draw clear conclusions. Future research should study the impact of experimentally induced stress on CBSD symptoms, examine the relationship between stress and CBSD longitudinally and assess objective stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Thomas
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Anna M Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Annica Kessling
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Basenach L, Rumpf HJ, Dreier M, Salbach H, Renneberg B, Gnauert O, Wölfling K. Symptoms and functional impairments in patients with Internet Use Disorders participating in an online short-term therapy. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 131:152471. [PMID: 38484480 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet use disorders (IUD) have been recognized as a serious mental health concern. In order to promote consensus on core features of IUD, further studies involving clinical samples are required. AIMS A clinical evaluation of patients with IUD was conducted as part of the scientific monitoring of a novel online short-term therapy, embedded in the randomized controlled trial Stepped Care Approach for Problematic Internet use Treatment (SCAPIT; ID: DRKS00025994). METHODS An online diagnostic and a clinical assessment were performed at the baseline measurement of the online intervention. The self-report version of the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction (AICA-S) was applied to assess symptom severity of IUD. The impact of psychopathological symptoms and impairments of functioning on IUD symptomatology was examined in the sample of patients. Based on a dichotomous classification of the symptom severity of IUD, differences among participants presenting moderate compared to severe addictive Internet behavior were analyzed. RESULTS The sample of this an analysis consisted of 57 patients (57.9% males, mean age of 29.12 years) participating in the online short-term therapy for IUD. Based on the AICA-S sum score (M = 11.60; SD = 3.30) participants exhibited moderate (n = 44; 77.2%) to severe (n = 13; 22.8%) symptoms of addictive Internet use. Psychopathological symptoms and impairments of psychosocial functioning had an effect on symptom severity of IUD. Participants with severe symptoms of IUD showed higher psychopathological strains compared to patients with moderate addictive Internet behavior. CONCLUSIONS The clinical evaluation of patients participating in a novel online short-term therapy for IUD indicated that psychopathological symptoms and impairments of functioning have an impact on addictive Internet behaviors and consequently, need to be addressed in the treatment of IUD. Based on the results, further implications for clinical practice and research on addictive Internet behavior are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Basenach
- Freie Univesität Berlin, Department of Education and Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Michael Dreier
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Harriet Salbach
- Freie Univesität Berlin, Department of Education and Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Freie Univesität Berlin, Department of Education and Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olivia Gnauert
- University Potsdam, Department of Clinical Psychotherapy and Psychology, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Bocci Benucci S, Tonini B, Roffo G, Casale S, Fioravanti G. The Application of the Metacognitive Model of Desire Thinking and Craving in Problematic Social Networking Sites Use. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:1-16. [PMID: 37864669 PMCID: PMC10902051 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive models of addictive behaviours have highlighted the central role of Desire Thinking (DT) - a conscious and voluntary cognitive process orienting to prefigure images and information about a positive target-related experience - in increasing craving and maintaining addictive behaviors. The metacognitive model of DT and craving posits that metacognition plays a central role in understanding dysregulation in DT. The current study aims to test the role of metacognitions about DT, DT, and craving in the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMo), boredom proneness, negative emotional reactivity and Problematic Social Network Sites Use (PSNSU). A sample of 529 participants (Mage= 32.45 ± 13.33; F = 62.9%) completed an online survey. The hypothesised model produced an adequate fit to the data and accounted for 86% of PSNSU variance. FoMO predicted positive metacognitions about DT (PMDT), which predicted DT that, in association with craving, predicted PSNSU. Boredom proneness positively predicted PSNSU directly and indirectly through the serial mediation of PMDT, DT, and craving. A direct path between negative emotional reactivity and PSNSU was found. The current findings provide preliminary evidence for applying the metacognitive model of DT and craving in PSNSU. PMDT and DT may be central cognitive processes in craving and PSNSU for individuals who experience boredom proneness and FoMo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bocci Benucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Tonini
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, Via della Torretta, 16, 50137, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Roffo
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, Via della Torretta, 16, 50137, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, Via San Salvi 12- Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, Via San Salvi 12- Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
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Rachubińska K, Cybulska AM, Szylińska A, Kupcewicz E, Ćwiek D, Walaszek I, Grochans E. Psychosocial Functioning of Individuals at Risk of Developing Compulsive Buying Disorder. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1339. [PMID: 38592171 PMCID: PMC10931809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to establish the connection between depressiveness, workaholism, eating disorders, and personality traits, according to the five-point model called the Big Five, in women with a risk of compulsive buying disorder. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 556 Polish women from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The study employed the diagnostic survey method using a questionnaire technique including Personality Inventory NEO-FFI, the Buying Behaviour Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory I-II, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and a self-questionnaire. (3) Results: The analysis revealed the risk of compulsive buying being accompanied by a higher median score for depressiveness, neuroticism, Cognitive Restraint of Eating, Uncontrolled Eating, and a risk of workaholism. A lower score in the respondents in the compulsive buying risk group was observed in an assessment of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Work addiction was exhibited by 26% of people with compulsive buying disorder vs. 12% of people without it. (4) Conclusion: This study found that a high risk of compulsive buying disorder is accompanied by a high risk of moderate depressiveness, neuroticism, Cognitive Restraint of Eating, Uncontrolled Eating, and workaholism. It also confirmed the view that compulsive buying is a behavioural addiction which is a consequence of ineffective coping and being dissatisfied with one's social life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (I.W.); (E.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (I.W.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Dorota Ćwiek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Walaszek
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (I.W.); (E.G.)
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (I.W.); (E.G.)
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Allahvirdie Rezaieh S, Ghorbani N, Farahani H. Mediating role of splitting in relation to attachment styles and shopping addiction. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249591. [PMID: 37854143 PMCID: PMC10581345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shopping can provide a sense of satisfaction and pleasure; however, if a person's excessive involvement in this behavior starts to negatively impact other aspects of their life, similar to other addictive behaviors like excessive internet use, gaming, and gambling, it may be classified as pathological. Given the lack of agreement regarding the classification of excessive shopping tendencies as a separate mental health condition or addictive behavior, taking a socio-emotional approach to explore the psychological factors that precede this behavior, may offer a better comprehension of it. Methods The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles and excessive shopping behavior, as well as to investigate the potential mediating effect of defense mechanisms like splitting on this relationship. Using convenience sampling, a group of 457 stock market employees (116 female, 341 male) between the ages of 24 and 60 were recruited. The researchers utilized a set of validated psychological questionnaires to assess the employees attachment styles, shopping addiction, and splitting tendencies. Results The results obtained from both the mediation model and path analysis suggest that attachment styles do not have a direct relationship with shopping addiction. Nonetheless, the study supports the impact of insecure anxious and avoidan attachment styles on splitting. Furthermore, the findings confirm that splitting has a mediating effect on the relationship between attachment styles and splitting. Discussion The present study enhanced our comprehension of the subconscious mechanisms underlying shopping tendencies. Specifically, the findings suggest that excessive tendencies towards shopping can be considered a maladaptive response resulting from insecure attachment styles and the unconscious utilization of the splitting defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Ghorbani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Thomas TA, Joshi M, Trotzke P, Steins-Loeber S, Müller A. Cognitive Functions in Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder: a Systematic Review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-023-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
To provide a systematic review of experimental studies concerning cognitive functions in compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) and to evaluate the studies as supporting or not supporting the affective and cognitive interactions proposed by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors.
Recent Findings
The results of the present review concerning CBSD mirror findings regarding cue reactivity and disadvantageous decision making in other addictive behaviors, but they also demonstrate a relative lack of experimental studies addressing other cognitive domains such as attentional bias, inhibitory control, implicit associations, or Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer. Experimental work on physiological and neural correlates of affective and cognitive mechanisms and their interaction in CBSD is still at the beginning.
Summary
While a reasonable number of experimental neuropsychological studies support the application of the I-PACE framework to CBSD, future research is required to systematically examine affective and cognitive interactions in CBSD.
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Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Psychiatric Comorbidities With Gambling Disorder in 12 Clinical Settings in Japan. J Addict Med 2023; 17:140-146. [PMID: 36084180 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the occurrence rate of psychiatric disorders comorbid with gambling disorder, and their clinical significance in the severity of gambling disorder using a retrospective cross-sectional design. METHODS The medical records of 359 patients (men/women, 326/33; median age, 37.0 years) with gambling disorder as the primary disorder from 12 treatment facilities specializing in addiction (9 clinics and 3 hospitals) in Japan were studied. We investigated patients' comorbid psychiatric disorders, demographic and clinical characteristics, and the severity of gambling disorder based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. RESULTS Of all patients, 58.3% had comorbidities (tobacco use disorder, 20.9%; alcohol use disorder, 13.9%; major depressive disorder, 13.1%; behavioral addictions, 13.1%; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 6.1%; etc.). Statistical analysis indicated that as the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders increased, psychosocial problems also increased (e.g., proportion of adverse childhood experiences [ P < 0.001], and history of suicide attempts [ P = 0.009]). In the multivariable analysis, behavioral addictions ( β = 0.666; t = 3.151) were significantly associated with gambling disorder severity. Specifically, individuals with gambling disorder comorbid with behavioral addictions including kleptomania, excessive buying, and excessive sex-related behavior may present more severe gambling problems than those without behavioral addictions. CONCLUSIONS Patients with gambling disorder should be carefully assessed for psychiatric comorbidities and interventions should reflect the individual diagnosis.
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Somma A, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Gialdi G, Di Leva N, Falcone E, Villa M, Frau C, Fossati A. Are problem buying and problem gambling addictive, impulsive, or compulsive in nature? A network analysis and latent dimension analysis study in Italian community-dwelling adults. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115100. [PMID: 36774751 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Prominent scholars suggested that the impulsive-obsessive compulsive continuum may represent a framework to understand both substance and behavioral addictions. However, the characterization of pathological buying (PB) and problem gambling (PG) within the compulsive-impulsive spectrum has not been extensively investigated. To explore the relationships among PB, PG, alcohol and substance abuse, DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and impulsive dimensions, a sample of 1,005 Italian community-dwelling adult participants (55.5% female), was administered self-reported measures of PB, PG, and other theoretically-relevant constructs. We expected to observe a multidimensional structure in our data; moreover, DSM-5 obsessive compulsive and related disorders were hypothesized to be accounted for by a common dimension. Three dimensions were identified and replicated across two different, non-redundant methods (i.e., exploratory graph analysis and exploratory factor analysis), namely, substance use and gambling, obsessive and compulsive phenomena, and impulsivity dimensions. Specifically, PG seemed to represent a behavioral variant of addiction vulnerability, PB seemed more akin to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and disinhibition dimension represented the common core of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking (SS), and positive urgency. Our findings may be helpful in improving our knowledge on the similarities and differences between PB and PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Somma
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Gialdi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Di Leva
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Falcone
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marisole Villa
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Frau
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerlande: ISIPSÉ Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Oppong L, Franke GH, Jagla-Franke M. Muster von problematischem Kaufverhalten unter Studierenden und deren
Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung,
psychischer Belastung und Produktpräferenz. SUCHTTHERAPIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1979-5854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie ist, zu einem differenzierten Verständnis von
Kaufsucht beizutragen, indem untersucht wird, inwieweit problematisches
Kaufverhalten als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt zu verstehen ist. Um
Fachkräfte in Prävention und Unterstützung von
Betroffenen zu sensibilisieren, werden verschiedene Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten voneinander abgegrenzt.
Methodik Es wurden N=258 Studierende zu Kaufverhalten und
Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung, psychischer
Belastung sowie Produktpräferenzen befragt. Die Dimensionalität
des problematischen Kaufverhaltens wurde faktorenanalytisch geprüft und
bildet die Grundlage für nachgeschaltete Cluster- und Diskriminanz-
sowie Varianzanalysen zur Differenzierung verschiedener Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten.
Ergebnisse Problematisches Kaufverhalten setzt sich aus fehlender
Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktivem Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierter Tendenz zusammen. Es zeigten sich die zwei
Subtypen Status- sowie Selbstregulationskonsumierende, die sich im
Ausmaß ihrer Somatisierung unterscheiden. Auffällig
Konsumierende hatten im Vergleich zu Personen mit unauffälligem
Kaufverhalten eine höhere materielle Werteorientierung und einen
höheren Neurotizismuswert. Verglichen mit gewöhnlichen
Konsumierenden waren Selbstregulationskonsumierende weniger offen und
verträglich, stärker psychisch belastet und hatten mehr
Produktpräferenzen.
Schlussfolgerung Problematisches Kaufverhalten sollte zukünftig in
Bezug auf fehlende Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktives Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierte Tendenz differenzierter klassifiziert und
diagnostiziert werden. Neurotizismus, materielle Werteorientierung sowie
zugrundeliegende Kaufmotive, wie die Aufwertung von Status und Identität
oder die Regulation von aversiven Emotionen, könnten eine bedeutende
Rolle in Prävention und Behandlung von problematischem Kaufverhalten
spielen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Oppong
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Fachbereich Angewandte
Humanwissenschaften, Hansestadt Stendal
| | - Gabriele Helga Franke
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Fachbereich Angewandte
Humanwissenschaften, Hansestadt Stendal
| | - Melanie Jagla-Franke
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Fachbereich Angewandte
Humanwissenschaften, Hansestadt Stendal
- Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Fachbereich Gesundheit, Pflege,
Management
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Basenach L, Renneberg B, Salbach H, Dreier M, Wölfling K. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of treatment interventions for Internet use disorders: Critical analysis of the methodical quality according to the PRISMA guidelines. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:9-25. [PMID: 36592332 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE As a result of concerns about predominantly online behavioral addictions, an increasing number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) of treatment interventions for internet use disorders (IUD) are being recorded. This review was designed to (a) systematically identify the evidence base of SRMA and to (b) critically appraise the quality of reporting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. METHODS Four databases were searched until August 2022 to systematically identify SRMA. PRISMA indicators were evaluated on a three-level response format to obtain an overall score operationalizing the quality of reporting (score range: 0-84). Additionally, the percentage of adherence to the PRISMA indicators was calculated. RESULTS Reporting quality of 23 SRMA, comprising 12 systematic reviews and 11 meta-analyses was evaluated. Quality scores ranged from 25 to 77 (M: 52.91; SD: 17.46). Results of the critical appraisal revealed deviations from the PRISMA indicators, including missing information on (a) registration of a study protocol, (b) statistical synthesis methods (c) evaluation of certainty of evidence, and (d) risk of bias assessment. Eleven (47.83%) of the SRMAs partially adhered, and twelve (52.17%) completely adhered to the PRISMA indicators. CONCLUSION This first critical appraisal on the reporting quality of SRMA on treatment interventions for IUD highlights limitations of the evidence base. Inadequate reporting compromises the practical utility and validity of SRMA and may complicate ongoing efforts of consensus on evidence-based interventions for IUD. Future research should focus on sufficient and transparent reporting of the methodological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Basenach
- 1Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- 1Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Harriet Salbach
- 1Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Dreier
- 2Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- 2Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After its initial recognition in the DSM-5, Gaming Disorder has now officially been included as a mental disorder in the ICD-11 as a behavioral addiction. In the past decades, research on this phenomenon has increased and in particular theories on its etiopathology have been suggested. In that respect, underlying factors, including neurobiological, social, and psychological factors, have been described. One commonly discussed etiological factor is supposed in specific personality traits. Knowing more about underlying personality factors of Gaming Disorder and other subtypes of internet use disorders would allow for a construction of more sophisticated etiological models, tailored prevention approaches, and would affect the specificity of treatment strategies. This overview provides information on current research on the role of the Big Five personality traits in Gaming Disorder as potential risk modifiers and maintaining factors. RECENT FINDINGS Research has especially identified high neuroticism and low conscientiousness as correlates of Gaming Disorder. Yet, results based on prospective studies are lacking largely, although there is the first evidence that personality traits might not only act as risk modifying factors but could also be influenced by Gaming Disorder. SUMMARY Suggestions for future research and the need for a more pronounced perspective taking into account the changing dynamics of personality are presented in this contribution. Addressing personality traits in treatment programs could be a promising approach in preventing patients from premature treatment termination and later relapse.
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Li H, Ma X, Fang J, Liang G, Lin R, Liao W, Yang X. Student Stress and Online Shopping Addiction Tendency among College Students in Guangdong Province, China: The Mediating Effect of the Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:176. [PMID: 36612498 PMCID: PMC9819100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Online shopping addiction tendency (OSAT) among college students has become too serious to ignore. As a result, it is necessary to carefully examine the relevant factors that shape students' online shopping addiction tendencies. This study aimed to determine whether social support mediates the relationship between college students' stress (academic hassle, personal hassle, and negative life events) and OSAT. In this cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling method, Chinese students from eight universities in Guangdong Province, China, completed self-administered questionnaires in either printed or online format. The survey data includes daily online shopping usage, college student stress, a social support rating scale, an online shopping addiction tendency scale for college students, and demographic information. A total number of verified and valid questionnaires were returned. In a sample of 1123 (mean age = 20.28 years; 58% females). Each individual had online shopping experience. The survey revealed no gender differences in OSAT. There was a statistically significant relationship between student stress (academic hassle, personal hassle, and negative life events) and students' OSAT scores and social support. The latter was negatively correlated with OSAT and mediated the relationship between college students' stress and their OSAT. In conclusion, university students' stress (academic hassle, personal hassle, and negative life events) acts as a trigger for OSAT. A combination of a high stress level and a lack of social support increases the likelihood of developing OSAT. Social support has an effect on the OSAT of college students by relieving their stress; social support is a protective factor against the OSAT for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- School of Human Resources, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Human Resources, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Getian Liang
- School of Human Resources, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Rongsheng Lin
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weiyan Liao
- School of Human Resources, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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14
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Gori A, Topino E, Fioravanti G, Casale S. Exploring the Psychodynamics of Compulsive Shopping: Single and Moderated Mediation Analyses. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Lekavičienė R, Antinienė D, Nikou S, Rūtelionė A, Šeinauskienė B, Vaičiukynaitė E. Reducing consumer materialism and compulsive buying through emotional intelligence training amongst Lithuanian students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:932395. [PMID: 36329741 PMCID: PMC9622942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers’ inclinations towards materialism and compulsive buying are influenced by a variety of factors. Materialistic consumers face maladies that cause stress and lower subjective well-being and are unable to control their buying behaviour that in turn leads to social and financial issues. This paper aims to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on consumers’ materialism and compulsive buying. The experimental design involves 36 respondents across both groups. Findings confirm the hypothesis that ability-based training programmes can help consumers improve their emotional intelligence whilst also lowering their levels of materialism and compulsive buying. In sum, the results extend the existing literature on consumer materialism by providing an explanation on how specific emotional ability-based training can diminish materialistic and excessive buying inclinations. The development of emotional intelligence skills-based training programmes contributes to more sustainable consumer behaviour, mitigating the vulnerability to materialism and related addictive behavioural consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Lekavičienė
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Antinienė
- Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Shahrokh Nikou
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista, Sweden
| | - Aušra Rūtelionė
- School of Economics and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Aušra Rūtelionė,
| | - Beata Šeinauskienė
- School of Economics and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Vaičiukynaitė
- School of Economics and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Fineberg NA, Menchón JM, Hall N, Dell'Osso B, Brand M, Potenza MN, Chamberlain SR, Cirnigliaro G, Lochner C, Billieux J, Demetrovics Z, Rumpf HJ, Müller A, Castro-Calvo J, Hollander E, Burkauskas J, Grünblatt E, Walitza S, Corazza O, King DL, Stein DJ, Grant JE, Pallanti S, Bowden-Jones H, Ameringen MV, Ioannidis K, Carmi L, Goudriaan AE, Martinotti G, Sales CMD, Jones J, Gjoneska B, Király O, Benatti B, Vismara M, Pellegrini L, Conti D, Cataldo I, Riva GM, Yücel M, Flayelle M, Hall T, Griffiths M, Zohar J. Advances in problematic usage of the internet research - A narrative review by experts from the European network for problematic usage of the internet. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 118:152346. [PMID: 36029549 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global concern about problematic usage of the internet (PUI), and its public health and societal costs, continues to grow, sharpened in focus under the privations of the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review reports the expert opinions of members of the largest international network of researchers on PUI in the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action (CA 16207), on the scientific progress made and the critical knowledge gaps remaining to be filled as the term of the Action reaches its conclusion. A key advance has been achieving consensus on the clinical definition of various forms of PUI. Based on the overarching public health principles of protecting individuals and the public from harm and promoting the highest attainable standard of health, the World Health Organisation has introduced several new structured diagnoses into the ICD-11, including gambling disorder, gaming disorder, compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, and other unspecified or specified disorders due to addictive behaviours, alongside naming online activity as a diagnostic specifier. These definitions provide for the first time a sound platform for developing systematic networked research into various forms of PUI at global scale. Progress has also been made in areas such as refining and simplifying some of the available assessment instruments, clarifying the underpinning brain-based and social determinants, and building more empirically based etiological models, as a basis for therapeutic intervention, alongside public engagement initiatives. However, important gaps in our knowledge remain to be tackled. Principal among these include a better understanding of the course and evolution of the PUI-related problems, across different age groups, genders and other specific vulnerable groups, reliable methods for early identification of individuals at risk (before PUI becomes disordered), efficacious preventative and therapeutic interventions and ethical health and social policy changes that adequately safeguard human digital rights. The paper concludes with recommendations for achievable research goals, based on longitudinal analysis of a large multinational cohort co-designed with public stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi A Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Hall
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Centro per lo studio dei meccanismi molecolari alla base delle patologie neuro-psico-geriatriche", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study, Yale University School of Medicine, and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA, New Haven, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanna Cirnigliaro
- Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hans Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Psychiatry Unit, Research Group S:TEP (Substance use and related disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology and Prevention) University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Hollander
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Psychiatric Research Institute at Montefiore-Einstein, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Vyduno al. 4, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacological and Biological Science, University of Hertfordshire
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA; INS Istituto di Neuroscienze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lior Carmi
- Post-Trauma Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Reichman University, The Data Science Institution, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research & Arkin, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Célia M D Sales
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julia Jones
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Dario Conti
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK; Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluigi M Riva
- School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain Park, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Joseph Zohar
- Post-Trauma Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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17
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Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O. What the grey literature can contribute to addictive behaviour disorder classification •. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:199-203. [PMID: 35895456 PMCID: PMC9295228 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary examines the proposal made by Brand et al. (2022) regarding a framework outlining relevant criteria for considering possible behavioural addictions within the current World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) category of 'other specified disorders due to addictive behaviours'. We agree with the framework as it highlights the clinical perspective requiring agreed-upon classifications and criteria to produce effective diagnostic procedures and efficacious treatments. Additionally, we propose to add the need of recognising potential addictive behaviour through the inclusion of a fourth meta-level criterion: 'grey literature evidence'. Utilising non-academic evidence can provide validity in the social context where the behaviour takes place, and it can support authorities in taking action to prevent and treat the resultant behavioural problems. The inclusion of the proposed fourth criterion will aid comprehensibility of the current proposal and provide clarity, as indicated in the present commentary, which includes the fourth criterion analysis for problematic pornography use, shopping/buying and social networking site use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria J. Kuss
- Nottingham Trent University, UK,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
- Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain,Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
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18
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Latent Classes for the Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder and Buying/Shopping Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133917. [PMID: 35807202 PMCID: PMC9267407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for behavioral addictions is rising among women within the general population and in clinical settings. However, few studies have assessed treatment effectiveness in females. The aim of this work was to explore latent empirical classes of women with gambling disorder (GD) and buying/shopping disorder (BSD) based on the treatment outcome, as well as to identify predictors of the different empirical groups considering the sociodemographic and clinical profiles at baseline. METHOD A clinical sample of n = 318 women seeking treatment for GD (n = 221) or BSD (n = 97) participated. Age was between 21 to 77 years. RESULTS The four latent-classes solution was the optimal classification in the study. Latent class 1 (LT1, good progression to recovery) grouped patients with the best CBT outcomes (lowest risk of dropout and relapses), and it was characterized by the healthiest psychological state at baseline, the lowest scores in harm avoidance and self-transcendence, and the highest scores in reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness. Latent classes 3 (LT3, bad progression to drop-out) and 4 (LT4, bad progression to relapse) grouped women with the youngest mean age, earliest onset of the addictive behaviors, and worst psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS GD and BSD are complex conditions with multiple interactive causes and impacts, which need wide and flexible treatment plans. Specific interventions should be designed according to the specific profiles of women for achieving early inclusion, retention and well-maintained long-term effects.
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Zarate D, Fullwood L, Prokofieva M, Griffiths MD, Stavropoulos V. Problematic Shopping Behavior: An Item Response Theory Examination of the Seven-Item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-19. [PMID: 35754859 PMCID: PMC9208247 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing amount of research examining problematic shopping behavior (PSB), often referred to in the psychological literature as "compulsive buying" or "shopping addiction." A popular scale for assessing the risk of PSB is the seven-item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS). To expand our knowledge of the psychometric properties of this instrument, the present study employed Item Response Theory (IRT) and differential item functioning analyses (DIF) while concurrently attempting to determine a preliminary cut-off point. A relatively large community sample completed the BSAS online (N = 968, M age = 29.5 years, SD age = 9.36, 32.5% women). IRT analyses showed differences regarding the BSAS items' discrimination, difficulty, and precision, with a raw score exceeding 23 (out of 28) indicating a higher risk of shopping addiction. Finally, while most BSAS items operated equally among males and females, Item 2 (mood modification) required a higher level of shopping addiction behaviors to be endorsed by males. The BSAS functions as a reliable assessment of the risk of shopping addiction, particularly between average and high levels of the trait. Clinical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zarate
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
| | | | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
- University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Assessment of online compulsive buying: Psychometric properties of the Italian compulsive online shopping scale (COSS). Addict Behav 2022; 129:107274. [PMID: 35149277 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid diffusion of the Internet has made doing things online in addition to in person possible. This has also lead to the emergence of new potential behavioural addictions related to the digital world, such as online shopping addiction. Given the peculiar features of cyberspace, the development of specific instruments for asseessing online shopping addiction appears to be of great importance to promote a better understanding of the phenomenon and effective clinical interventions. On this basis, this research aims to translate and validate the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS) for the Italian context. A sample of 397 Italian participants (Mage = 32.54 years, SD = 11.16) completed an online survey consisting of the Italian COSS, Edwards Compulsive Buying Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Yale‑Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale‑ Second Edition, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed the adequacy of the model fit to the data for a correlational solution with the same 7 factors of the original version: Salience¸ Mood modification¸ Conflict¸ Tolerance¸ Relapse¸ Withdrawal¸ and Problems. Furthermore, good indications of internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity emerged from the results. Therefore, the Italian COSS seems to be a valid and reliable self-report scale that can be used to assess the risk of compulsive online shopping among Italian-speaking individuals and may be useful for both research and clinical practice.
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Müller SM, Wegmann E, Oelker A, Stark R, Müller A, Montag C, Wölfling K, Rumpf HJ, Brand M. Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11): Introduction of a new screening instrument capturing ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder and other potential Internet-use disorders. J Behav Addict 2022; 11. [PMID: 35394924 PMCID: PMC9295242 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims With the inclusion of gaming disorder in the ICD-11, diagnostic criteria were introduced for this relatively new disorder. These criteria may also be applied to other potential specific Internet-use disorders, which may be classified in ICD-11 as other disorders due to addictive behaviors, such as online buying-shopping disorder, online pornography-use disorder, social-networks-use disorder, and online gambling disorder. Due to the heterogeneity in existing instruments, we aimed to develop a consistent and economic measure of major types of (potential) specific Internet-use disorders based on ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder. Methods The new 11-item Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) measures five behavioral addictions with the same set of items by following the principles of WHO's ASSIST. The ACSID-11 was administered to active Internet users (N = 985) together with an adaptation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and screeners for mental health. We used Confirmatory Factor Analyses to analyze the factor structure of ACSID-11. Results The assumed four-factorial structure was confirmed and was superior to the unidimensional solution. This applied to gaming disorder and to the other specific Internet-use disorders. ACSID-11 scores correlated with IGDT-10 as well as with the measures of psychological distress. Discussion and Conclusions The ACSID-11 seems to be suitable for the consistent assessment of (potential) specific Internet-use disorders based on ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder. The ACSID-11 may be a useful and economic instrument for studying various behavioral addictions with the same items and improving comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke M. Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Oelker
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance Use and Related Disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology, and Prevention), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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22
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Müller A, Georgiadou E, Birlin A, Laskowski NM, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F, Hillemacher T, de Zwaan M, Brand M, Steins-Loeber S. The Relationship of Shopping-Related Decisions with Materialistic Values Endorsement, Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder Symptoms and Everyday Moral Decision Making. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074376. [PMID: 35410054 PMCID: PMC8998309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) is associated with high materialistic values endorsement and excessive purchasing of consumer goods. A subgroup of individuals with CBSD engage in socially unacceptable behaviors to continue shopping despite negative consequences. This investigation aimed at exploring possible links between ego-oriented shopping-related decisions, materialism, symptoms of CBSD and close-to-everyday moral decision making. METHODS In study 1, patients with CBSD were interviewed to develop a list of conflict situations, capturing typical shopping-related dilemmas. In study 2, the shopping-related dilemmas from study 1, standardized close-to-everyday moral dilemmas, the Material Values Scale and Pathological Buying Screener were administered to a web-based convenience sample (n = 274). RESULTS The main effects of a moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed an association of more ego-oriented shopping-related decisions with both higher materialistic values endorsement and more CBSD symptoms, but not with everyday moral decision-making. However, a more egoistic everyday moral decision making style moderated the effect of CBSD symptoms on ego-oriented shopping related decisions. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that a more egoistic everyday moral decision making style is not directly linked to domain-specific shopping-related decision making but strengthens the link between symptoms of CBSD and ego-oriented shopping-related decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (N.M.L.); (M.d.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6569
| | - Ekaterini Georgiadou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Annika Birlin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (N.M.L.); (M.d.Z.)
| | - Nora M. Laskowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (N.M.L.); (M.d.Z.)
- Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32312 Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-M.); (F.F.-A.)
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-M.); (F.F.-A.)
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (N.M.L.); (M.d.Z.)
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany;
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg, 96047 Bamberg, Germany;
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23
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Müller A, Joshi M, Thomas TA. Excessive shopping on the internet: recent trends in compulsive buying-shopping disorder. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Online Interpersonal Relationships and Data Ownership Awareness Mediate the Relationship between Perceived Benefits and Problematic Internet Shopping. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive and problematic buying/shopping has been the subject of a considerable amount of research over the last few decades. This research exploited the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory to evaluate the mediating effects of online interpersonal relationships and data ownership awareness on the relationship between consumers’ perceived benefit of online shopping and problematic internet shopping behavior. A total of 409 internet shoppers participated in this study. The authors performed all the analyses using the statistical package SPSS. The bootstrapping method used parallel and serial mediation models to assess whether OIR and DOA mediate the relationship between PBOS and PIS. The analysis results indicate that PBOS has a negative influence on PIS. In addition, OIR and DOA sequentially and partly mediate the relationship between PBOS and PIS. Pairwise comparisons amongst the three indirect effects suggest that OIR affects the PBOS-PIS relationship more than the other two effects. These results furnish substantial contributions that may advance a coherent theoretical framework on the pathways in which OIR and DOA may influence problematic internet shopping. Limitations of the current study and the implications of these findings are delineated.
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25
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Black DW. Compulsive Shopping: A Review and Update. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 46:101321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Decision Making and Risk Propensity in Individuals with Tendencies towards Specific Internet-Use Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020201. [PMID: 35203964 PMCID: PMC8870372 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled use of specific Internet applications is increasingly recognized as a mental health issue. Gaming disorder, which is one subtype of specific Internet-use disorders (sIUDs), has been included in the ICD-11 as disorder due to addictive behaviors. Addictive disorders are assumed to be accompanied by cognitive deficits as indicated by weaker performance in executive function and risky decision-making tasks. This study investigates risky decision-making in individuals with tendencies towards sIUDs including gaming, online buying-shopping, and social-networks-use disorders. A total of 293 individuals participated in the study. Based on specific screening instruments, the participants were assigned to a group with tendencies towards sIUD or a control group. Participants completed a risky decision-making task and questionnaires assessing risk-taking propensity, impulsivity, psychopathology, and perceived stress. The group with sIUD tendencies showed higher attentional impulsivity and higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to the control group. The groups did not differ in decision making and risk propensity. Decision making did not have significant effects on sIUD symptoms. Risk for developing sIUDs does not appear to be accompanied by altered general decision-making tendencies. Rather, psychological (pre-)load and attentional deficits appear to be relevant features in uncontrolled use of the Internet.
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27
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Ünübol B, Ünsalver BÖ, Ünübol H, Sayar GH. The prevalence and psychological relation of problem shopping: data from a large-scale sample from Turkey. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:1. [PMID: 34980253 PMCID: PMC8722422 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the measurement aspects, the prevalence, and the psychological correlates of problem shopping among a large-scale national sample of Turkish adults. RESULT Participants (N = 24,380, 50% men, M age = 31.79 years, age range = 18-81 years) completed a questionnaire that comprised the Shopping Addiction Risk Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. Results showed that 1.8% of the participants had probable shopping addiction. Being female, being younger, psychiatric distress, positive affect, negative affect, anxious attachment, and avoidant attachment were positive correlates of problem shopping. CONCLUSION The results of this large sample size study suggest that shopping addiction is not a rare condition in Turkey. Further research is needed to understand different motives that underlie the problematic shopping behavior in the young and female population in comparison to older and male populations. Preventive programs or any interventions for people with PSB needs to address regulation difficulties and development of healthy strategies to cope with psychiatric distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Ünübol
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Önen Ünsalver
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Ünübol
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökben Hızlı Sayar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Etuk R, Shirk SD, Klein KM, Masheb RM, Potenza MN, Park CL, Keeler K, Kraus SW. Examining the Clinical Correlates of Overeating and Binge-Eating Behaviors Among U. S. Veterans. Mil Med 2021; 187:297-303. [PMID: 34962274 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pressure to meet U.S. military weight requirements during service may predispose some service members to develop psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders or unhealthy eating behaviors, which may persist after military discharge. Specifically, research examining U.S. military veterans has found that in weight management programs, veterans with binge-eating behaviors have shown poor treatment outcomes. Overall, previous research suggests that veterans experience considerable and persistent disordered eating problems, and in addition may experience a higher prevalence of disordered eating in comparison to the general U.S. population. Research on Post-9/11 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans is needed as this group frequently presents with high rates of medical and psychiatric disorders. The current study used clinician-administered structured interviews to examine relationships between psychiatric, health, and demographic variables in a sample of Post-9/11 OEF/OIF/OND veterans with binge-eating or overeating behavior or neither. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article presents secondary analyses of the baseline phase from data obtained for the Survey of the Experiences of Returning Veterans. Using structured phone interviews, we cross-sectionally examined patterns of medical comorbidities between sociodemographic, health, eating, and psychiatric variables in 846 recently deployed U.S. veterans with binge-eating behaviors (reporting both overeating and loss of control [LOC] eating), overeating behaviors (overeating without LOC), or healthy controls (absence of any disordered eating). Study procedures were approved by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Institutional Review Boards, and informed consent was obtained from the participants. A series of chi-square and analysis of variance tests revealed significant bivariate between-group differences in sociodemographic, health, eating, and psychiatric variables. Variables with significant group differences (P < .05) were entered into a multinomial logistic regression to examine relationships between psychiatric, health, and eating factors and binge-eating severity. RESULTS Results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that women relative to men were less likely to overeat. When comparing the binge-eating group and controls, higher body mass index was associated with higher odds of binge eating. Furthermore, for the overeating group in comparison to controls, fasting behavior was associated with higher odds of overeating. For the psychiatric variables, the binge-eating and overeating groups were associated with higher rates of compulsive buying when compared to healthy controls. Additionally, the overeating group was associated with higher rates of alcohol dependence. Lastly, binge-eating and overeating behaviors were positively associated with specific psychiatric and health comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to inform the development of effective treatments for disordered eating problems, as evidenced by an anticipated increase of veterans entering the VA healthcare system and the high rate of binge eating observed in our study and prior research in Post-9/11 veterans. Moreover, our study findings suggest the relevance of screening veterans for compulsive buying. This study was limited by its relatively small sample which only examined disordered eating behaviors. Future studies could simultaneously explore binge-eating behaviors and binge-eating disorder diagnoses in larger samples. Study strengths include a diverse sample of Post-9/11 veterans with sizable female representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Repairer Etuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5030, USA
| | - Steven D Shirk
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kelly M Klein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Brockton Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02301, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robin M Masheb
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kerri Keeler
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5030, USA
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29
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Brand M, Müller A, Stark R, Steins‐Loeber S, Klucken T, Montag C, Diers M, Wolf OT, Rumpf H, Wölfling K, Wegmann E. Addiction Research Unit: Affective and cognitive mechanisms of specific Internet-use disorders. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13087. [PMID: 34409697 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the eleventh International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) of the World Health Organization, gambling disorder and gaming disorder are included in the category 'disorders due to addictive behaviours', which can be specified further as occurring either predominantly offline or predominantly online. Other specific problematic behaviours may be considered for the category 'other specified disorders due to addictive behaviours'. The Research Unit FOR 2974, funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), focuses on the most prominent online addictive behaviours: gaming, pornography use, buying-shopping and social-networks use. The main goal of the Research Unit is to contribute to a better understanding of the common and differential psychological as well as neurobiological mechanisms involved in these specific types of Internet-use disorders. We aim to investigate theoretically argued (bio)psychological processes with a focus on concepts coming from research of substance-use disorders, for example, cue reactivity and craving, executive functions and specific inhibitory control, coping, implicit cognitions, and decision making. One central characteristic of the Research Unit is that we will investigate all participants using a comprehensive core battery of experimental paradigms, neuropsychological tasks, questionnaires, biomarkers, ambulatory assessment, and a 6-month follow-up survey. Beyond the anticipated contributions to the scientific understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of respective online addictive behaviours, we also expect contributions to clinical practice by showing which affective and cognitive mechanisms may be addressed more intensively to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essen Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience Justus Liebig University of Giessen Giessen Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging Justus Liebig University of Giessen Giessen Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior Universities of Marburg and Giessen Giessen Germany
| | | | - Tim Klucken
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Martin Diers
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Oliver T. Wolf
- Cognitive Psychology Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance use and related disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology, and Prevention) University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
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30
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Trotzke P, Starcke K, Pedersen A, Brand M. Dorsal and ventral striatum activity in individuals with buying-shopping disorder during cue-exposure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13073. [PMID: 34156751 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is a clinical condition in which individuals lose control over their buying behaviour and continue buying despite negative consequences such as indebtedness, loss of family and friends. BSD has been considered a behavioural addiction and first studies provide evidence for cue-reactivity and craving as potential pathomechanisms. The current study aimed at investigating neural correlates of cue-reactivity and craving in individuals with BSD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS A cue-reactivity paradigm comprising individualised shopping-related and control cues was applied in n = 18 individuals diagnosed with BSD and n = 18 gender, age, and handedness matched control participants using fMRI. Outside the scanner, symptoms of BSD and craving reactions towards shopping (before and after the cue-reactivity paradigm) were assessed via questionnaires. FINDINGS Higher subjective craving reactions towards shopping, prior and after exposure to shopping cues, were observed in individuals with BSD compared to control participants. Consistent with studies in addiction research, we found increased activations in the dorsal striatum for individuals with BSD compared to control participants during exposure to shopping cues. Activity in the ventral striatum was associated with symptoms of BSD in affected individuals, but not in control participants. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with studies investigating cue-reactivity in substance-use and behavioural addictions, the association between cue-exposure and activities in reward-related brain structures such as the dorsal and ventral striatum in BSD participants may contribute to a neural explanation of why individuals experience irresistible urges to buy and lose control over their behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Trotzke
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essen Germany
- IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany
| | - Katrin Starcke
- SRH Berlin School of Popular Arts and Berlin Institute of Biomusicology and Empirical Research (BIBER) Berlin Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essen Germany
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31
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Müller A, Laskowski NM, Wegmann E, Steins-Loeber S, Brand M. Problematic Online Buying-Shopping: Is it Time to Considering the Concept of an Online Subtype of Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder or a Specific Internet-Use Disorder? CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Problematic online buying-shopping became a recent research topic, and the question arises as to whether it would be useful to differentiate between a “predominantly online” and a “predominantly offline” compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) subtype by analogy with gaming disorder and gambling disorder in the ICD-11. This narrative review aims at reflecting the discussions on overlaps of problematic online buying-shopping with both offline CBSD and specific internet-use disorders.
Recent Findings
Preliminary data suggest that problematic online buying-shopping shares many commonalities with both offline CBSD and potential specific internet-use disorders (e.g., gaming disorder, pornography-use disorder, or social-network–use disorder). However, there is a lack of research addressing the etiology, underlying affective and cognitive mechanisms, psychosocial correlates, comorbidity profiles, and treatment of problematic online buying-shopping.
Summary
The question of whether online CBSD can develop independently from offline CBSD or only as medial transformation of offline CBSD still remains unanswered due to limited research on problematic online buying-shopping. Both perspectives are conceivable: that online CBSD represents a standalone specific internet-use disorder or the online subtype of CBSD. Future studies should examine which approach has clinical utility and indicates specific treatment options and better outcomes.
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32
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Otero-López JM, Santiago MJ, Castro MC. Life Aspirations, Generativity and Compulsive Buying in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158060. [PMID: 34360350 PMCID: PMC8345613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of goal-oriented behaviour, because of its undeniable repercussions on physical and mental health, is one of the target topics of contemporary research. However, the content of life aspirations, emphasised from the self-determination theory, has received little attention from the field of compulsive buying although it plays an important role in the regulation of behaviour and well-being. Generativity, the personal construct that captures the intentions and/or the need to contribute (leave a legacy) to others, has never been analysed with respect to compulsive buying although it has been the source of interest of related fields (responsible consumption). Accordingly, this study seeks to shed light on the role of both constructs (life aspirations and generativity) in compulsive buying among university students. The sample consisted of 1093 Spanish university students classified either as non-compulsive buyers or compulsive buyers. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying was 7.9%. The results of Student's test confirm that, besides gender (women report greater propensity to the phenomenon), compulsive buyers score higher and show statistically significant differences with respect to non-compulsive buyers in all extrinsic goals (financial success, image, popularity and conformity) and hedonism. Non-compulsive buyers show significantly higher scores for the intrinsic goals of self-acceptance, affiliation and community feeling and also report a higher generative concern. The logistic regression analysis confirms that being female and the life aspirations of image, popularity and hedonism act as risk factors in compulsive buying in university students while generativity and the importance granted to the intrinsic goals of self-acceptance and affiliation are protective factors. Potential lines of action for this worrying phenomenon are discussed in the light of the findings.
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33
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Munguía L, Lucas I, Jiménez-Murcia S, Mora-Maltas B, Granero R, Miranda-Olivos R, Sánchez I, Testa G, Lozano-Madrid M, Turton R, Menchon JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Executive functions in binge spectrum eating disorders with comorbid compulsive buying. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2021; 29:854-867. [PMID: 34322952 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims were to explore if bulimic spectrum disorders (BSD) patients, who also present comorbid compulsive buying (CB), could represent a specific subtype considering its neuropsychological performance; to present a descriptive analysis of different clinical features; and to explore how these variables could influence treatment outcome. It was hypothesised that the comorbid group will present worse neuropsychological performance that will lead to a worse treatment outcome. METHOD The study has a longitudinal design. Women (N = 75) diagnosed with BSD, BSD + CB and Healthy Controls (HC); completed an evaluation of: cognitive flexibility, decision making, eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, psychopathological state and personality traits. RESULTS BSD + CB was the group with the most severe clinical profile, worst treatment outcome and higher neuropsychological impairment, than other groups. Path-analysis evidenced that deficits in decision making were associated with bad treatment outcome, while deficits in flexibility with the presence of the comorbidity. Self-directedness and novelty seeking were associated with the neuropsychological performance and the comorbidity. CONCLUSION BSD + CB exhibit a worse clinical and neuropsychological profile that seems to be related with the treatment outcome, which should be taken into account for the establishment of specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Testa
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Turton
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Menchon
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERsam), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Müller A, Laskowski NM, Trotzke P, Ali K, Fassnacht DB, de Zwaan M, Brand M, Häder M, Kyrios M. Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:208-222. [PMID: 33852420 PMCID: PMC8996806 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consensus in acknowledging compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) as a distinct diagnosis has been lacking. Before research in this area can be advanced, it is necessary to establish diagnostic criteria in order to facilitate field trials. METHODS The study consisted of the following phases: (1) operationalization of a broad range of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD, (2) two iterative rounds of data collection using the Delphi method, where consensus of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD was reached by an international expert panel, and (3) interpretation of findings taking into account the degree of certainty amongst experts regarding their responses. RESULTS With respect to diagnostic criteria, there was clear expert consensus about inclusion of the persistent and recurrent experience of (a) intrusive and/or irresistible urges and/or impulses and/or cravings and/or preoccupations for buying/shopping; (b) diminished control over buying/shopping; (c) excessive purchasing of items without utilizing them for their intended purposes, (d) use of buying-shopping to regulate internal states; (e) negative consequences and impairment in important areas of functioning due to buying/shopping; (f) emotional and cognitive symptoms upon cessation of excessive buying/shopping; and (g) maintenance or escalation of dysfunctional buying/shopping behaviors despite negative consequences. Furthermore, support was found for a specifier related to the presence of excessive hoarding of purchased items. CONCLUSIONS The proposed diagnostic criteria can be used as the basis for the development of diagnostic interviews and measures of CBSD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nora M Laskowski
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Patrick Trotzke
- 2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 3International University of Applied Sciences (IUBH), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathina Ali
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- 2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 7Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Häder
- 8Institute of Sociology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kyrios
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
This special issue addresses the affective and cognitive processes and their interactions potentially reflecting mechanisms underlying the development, maintenance of, or recovery from behavioral addictions. Various specific types of behavioral addictions will be considered, including those already in ICD-11 (gambling disorder, gaming disorder), but also new phenomena that are not yet classified (e.g., buying-shopping disorder, social-network-disorder) and phenomena potentially belonging to behavioral addictions although they are currently classified elsewhere (e.g., compulsive sexual behavior disorder). The articles included in this special issue directly investigate affective processes (e.g., cue-reactivity, craving, mood, stress, social interactions) and/or cognitive processes (e.g., executive functions, attention, memory). The studies involve experimental paradigms, neuropsychological tasks, psychophysiological measures, and neuroimaging techniques. Specific articles also deal with the relationship between affective and cognitive processes. The special issue is complemented by articles covering current debates and reviewing current empirical findings in the field.
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Uzarska A, Czerwiński SK, Atroszko PA. Measurement of shopping addiction and its relationship with personality traits and well-being among Polish undergraduate students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThere is still a scarcity of studies showing the relative contribution of different personality characteristics differentiating various behavioral addictions within an integrated model. In comparison to other addictions, fairly little is known about the role of specific personality traits in compulsive shopping. In addition, few studies have investigated the unique contribution of shopping addiction in terms of explaining different facets of well-being above and beyond personality characteristics previously shown to be related to psychosocial functioning. The present study shows validation of the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) and a tentative integrated model of potential shopping addiction personality risk factors. BSAS was administered to 1156 Polish students. In addition, demographic variables, and personality traits (Big Five), self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived narcissism, loneliness, social anxiety, and well-being indicators were measured. BSAS had acceptable fit with the data and demonstrated good reliability. The investigated model showed that shopping addiction was related to higher extraversion, perceived narcissism, and social anxiety, and lower agreeableness and general self-efficacy. Woman and older participants scored higher on BSAS. Shopping addiction was further related to all facets of impaired well-being and explained worse general health, and decreased sleep quality above and beyond other variables in the model. The results support the notion that shopping addiction may have specific personality risk factors with low agreeableness as an outstanding characteristic. This has implications for the development of early prevention and intervention programs.
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Lawrence LM, Elphinstone B. Coping associated with compulsive buying tendency. Stress Health 2021; 37:263-271. [PMID: 33002314 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on general coping is limited within compulsive buying (CB) literature. Nevertheless, other behavioural addictions and hoarding might provide insights into coping in CB. One-hundred and ninety-nine participants (M age = 52.72, SD = 16.06; 50.3% female, 1% unknown sex) completed online questionnaires. Mental and behavioural disengagements were hypothesized to predict greater self-reported CB tendency. Whilst these relationships were found in the correlations, a regression analysis indicated that only mental disengagement significantly predicted CB tendency. Additionally, the exploration of denial and substance use identified that denial was an important predictor of CB tendency coping. The relationship between CB tendency and substance use could not be explored given the large degree of participants reporting minimal scores. CB tendency is associated with maladaptive mental disengagement, denial and lack of acceptance coping strategies, which could be useful to consider in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Lawrence
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bradley Elphinstone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, the Turkish version of the Craving for Online Shopping Scale (TCOSS) was developed by modifying items on the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The sample comprised 475 adult volunteers (233 women and 242 men) from three different non-clinical samples recruited online. The structure validity of the TCOSS was examined utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity testing. The EFA showed that the TCOSS had a unidimensional structure that explained 80% of the total variance. The five-item unidimensional structure of the TCOSS then underwent further testing using two different samples. First, the structure of the TCOSS was tested using CFA, which confirmed the unidimensional factor structure. Second, measurement invariance of the TCOSS was conducted through structural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance across different samples. This demonstrated the TCOSS had measurement invariance across different samples (CFA and criterion validity samples). Criterion validity of the TCOSS was tested using the Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Brief Self-Control Scale, Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and self-reported personal information. According to the criterion validity results, the TCOSS assessed the structure it targets. Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficients of the TCOSS were .94 in the EFA sample, .94 in the CFA sample, and .96 in the criterion validity sample. When validity and reliability analysis of the TCOSS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the TCOSS is a valid and reliable scale for assessing craving for online shopping among online shoppers.
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Laskowski NM, Georgiadou E, Tahmassebi N, de Zwaan M, Müller A. Psychische Komorbidität bei Kaufsucht im Vergleich zu anderen psychischen Störungen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-020-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Otero-López JM, Santiago MJ, Castro MC. Big Five Personality Traits, Coping Strategies and Compulsive Buying in Spanish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:821. [PMID: 33477931 PMCID: PMC7833433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits and coping strategies have historically been two key elements in the field of health psychology. It is, therefore, striking that there is no study in the field of compulsive buying that integrates the most generic, decontextualized and stable aspects (traits) with those having a more marked processual and dynamic nature, which are closer to goal-based views of human nature (coping strategies). Another weakness of the compulsive buying field is that, despite the confirmed growing increase in compulsive buying in the younger age groups, most studies have been conducted with adult samples. Hence, this study seeks to clarify the role of the Big Five domains and different coping strategies in university students' compulsive buying. The sample consisted of 1093 participants who were classified as either compulsive buyers or non-compulsive buyers. Both groups were compared regarding sociodemographic variables (gender, age), the Big Five personality traits, and coping strategies through chi-square tests or Student's t-tests. Besides, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which of these determinants might play a part in the construction of a risk profile for compulsive buying. The results showed that other than gender (specifically being female), Neuroticism and the use of such coping strategies as problem avoidance and wishful thinking are risk factors that increase the propensity for compulsive buying. The use of active coping strategies such as problem solving, cognitive restructuring and social support, as well as the Conscientiousness dimension are protection factors that decrease the likelihood of becoming a compulsive buyer. Finally, and on the basis of the findings obtained, possible guidelines are given, which, hopefully, may effectively contribute to the prevention of and/or intervention in compulsive buying among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Otero-López
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, C/Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.J.S.); (M.C.C.)
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Verhaltenssüchte: theoretische Modelle. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-020-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Müller A, Claes L, Birlin A, Georgiadou E, Laskowski NM, Steins-Loeber S, Brand M, de Zwaan M. Associations of Buying-Shopping Disorder Symptoms with Identity Confusion, Materialism, and Socially Undesirable Personality Features in a Community Sample. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:142-150. [PMID: 33120395 DOI: 10.1159/000511078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While identity problems and materialistic value endorsement have been described as predisposing factors for buying-shopping disorder (BSD) in the literature, little empirical data are available on the role of socially undesirable personality features that may contribute to financial misconduct and manipulative interpersonal behaviors in BSD. The dark triad of personality refers to such offensive yet non-pathological personality traits and has been applied to addictive behaviors in the past. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the "dark triad" dimensions Machiavellianism, subclinical narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy predict symptoms of BSD above and beyond identity confusion and materialism, or moderate the relationship between materialism and symptoms of BSD. METHOD The participants comprised a convenience sample (N = 272, 72.4% women) aged between 18 and 67 years. Assessment included standard questionnaires for BSD, identity problems, materialism, and the dark triad of personality. RESULTS Zero-order correlations indicate a weak association between BSD and the dark triad dimensions Machiavellianism and narcissism, but not psychopathy. Results of a moderated regression analysis with BSD symptoms as a dependent variable revealed significant main effects for materialism, female gender, and a significant "narcissism by materialism" effect, after accounting for identity confusion/synthesis and the single dark triad traits. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that individuals with BSD attempt to address their narcissistic deficits via materialistic possessions. This assumption warrants further investigation in a clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annika Birlin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ekaterini Georgiadou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nora M Laskowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Chauchard E, Mariez J, Grall-Bronnec M, Challet-Bouju G. Buying-Shopping Disorder among Women: The Role of Vulnerability to Marketing, Buying Motives, Impulsivity, and Self-Esteem. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:294-303. [PMID: 33326966 DOI: 10.1159/000511769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of marketing on addictive behaviours has been studied among tobacco and alcohol users. Although the fashion industry is highly influenced by marketing, research has poorly studied vulnerability to fashion marketing as a factor related to buying-shopping disorder (BSD) while considering psychological characteristics (buying motives, impulsivity, and self-esteem). OBJECTIVE The objective of the present work is to investigate the relationship between vulnerability to marketing and BSD. METHODS Women (n = 242) were exclusively recruited through social networking. They completed an online survey exploring the severity of BSD using the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and the psychological factors associated with BSD (impulsivity, self-esteem, and buying motives) and an experimental task designed to investigate the intention to purchase in several situations, where marketing modalities such as price, brand, and packaging fluctuate. RESULTS Among the 242 participants in the study, 34 were identified as compulsive buyers (14%). Income level was considered, and compulsive buyers displayed a higher level of vulnerability to marketing, except for the packaging modality. High levels of positive urgency, lack of premeditation, and coping motivation were found to be significant predictors of the CBS score, but vulnerability to marketing was not. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Compulsive buyers seem to be more sensitive to marketing strategies, although vulnerability to marketing was not identified as a predictor of the severity of BSD. Given the enormous literature on the role of marketing in other addictive behaviours, further studies are needed to better understand the role of marketing in BSD to develop appropriate public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Chauchard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Mariez
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- INSERM, SPHERE U1246 "MethodS in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research", Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Nantes, France.,Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- INSERM, SPHERE U1246 "MethodS in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research", Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Nantes, France, .,Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France,
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Kun B, Takacs ZK, Richman MJ, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Work addiction and personality: A meta-analytic study. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:945-966. [PMID: 33361486 PMCID: PMC8969726 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past three decades, research interest in work addiction has increased significantly. Most definitions concerning work addiction have specifically contained personality-related elements. However, the results of empirical studies concerning personality and work addiction are both few and mixed. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of personality in the background of work addiction. METHODS The present study systematically reviewed and empirically carried out a meta-analysis on all the published studies examining the association between personality variables and work addiction (n = 28). RESULTS The results of the meta-analysis indicated that perfectionism, global and performance-based self-esteem, and negative affect had the strongest and most robust associations as personality risk factors of work addiction. Among the Big Five traits, extraversion, conscientiousness, and intellect/imaginations showed positive relationships with work addiction. However, these associations were weak. CONCLUSIONS Based on the meta-analysis, personality appears to explain only a small amount of the variance of work addiction and further studies are needed to assess the interaction between individual and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Kun
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author.
| | - Zsofia K. Takacs
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd Universtity, Institute of Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mara J. Richman
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary,Endeavor Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
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Müller A, Trotzke P, Laskowski NM, Brederecke J, Georgiadou E, Tahmassebi N, Hillemacher T, de Zwaan M, Brand M. [The Pathological Buying Screener: Validation in a Clinical Sample]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2020; 71:294-300. [PMID: 33246347 DOI: 10.1055/a-1303-4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 13-item Pathological Buying Screener (PBS, [1]) in a clinical sample. METHOD The PBS was administered to a total sample of 413 treatment-seeking patients (buying-shopping disorder n=151, gambling disorder n=59, alcohol dependency n=60, other mental disorders [anxiety, depressive, eating, somatoform disorders] n=143). Factor structure was tested in the total sample using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability was determined by means of Cronbach's α. Group comparisons were used to determine to which degree the PBS discriminates between patients with BSD and other clinical groups. The BSD-group completed a battery of other measures to explore convergent and divergent validity. A subgroup (n=29) answered the PBS before and after psychotherapy to investigate sensitivity to change. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with PBS data of patients with buying-shopping disorder and those from a previous community sample 1 was performed to define a cut-off point for buying-shopping disorder. RESULTS The CFA showed a good model fit for both a one-factor and a two-factor structure with the subscales "loss of control/consequences" (10 items) and "excessive buying behavior" (3 items). The subscales were highly intercorrelated (r=0.92). A hierarchical regression analysis with another BSD measure as dependent variable did not indicate an own incremental validity of the subscale "excessive buying behavior". Good convergent, divergent and discriminative capacity was obtained for the PBS total score. At its recommended cut-off point of ≥29 the PBS has a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 94.7%. CONCLUSION The findings indicate good psychometric properties of the PBS and suggest that the PBS total score can be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Patrick Trotzke
- Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Deutschland
| | - Nora M Laskowski
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Jan Brederecke
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Ekaterini Georgiadou
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Brand
- Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Deutschland.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Deutschland
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Trotzke P, Müller A, Brand M, Starcke K, Steins-Loeber S. Buying despite negative consequences: Interaction of craving, implicit cognitive processes, and inhibitory control in the context of buying-shopping disorder. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106523. [PMID: 32652388 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is a severe mental disorder in which individuals lose control over their buying/shopping behavior. It is debated whether BSD shares characteristics with other behavioral addictions. The current study aimed at investigating addiction-related concepts, i.e. cue-reactivity/craving, implicit cognitions, and inhibitory control mechanisms, in the context of BSD. METHODS An analog sample of 277 participants completed a cue-reactivity paradigm with shopping-related pictures. To assess implicit cognitions (attentional bias and implicit associations) and inhibitory control, a visual dot probe paradigm, an implicit association test, and an affective shifting task, all with shopping-related and control pictures, were administered. The sequence of the three tasks was randomized across participants. Craving was measured prior and after the cue-reactivity paradigm and after completion of the experimental procedure. BSD severity was assessed using the Pathological Buying Screener (PBS). RESULTS Increases in craving during the cue-reactivity paradigm, but decreases after the experimental procedure were observed. Craving, attentional bias and implicit cognitions were related to BSD severity-but not to inhibitory control. However, we found moderating effects of attentional bias and inhibitory control as well as implicit associations and inhibitory control on the relationship between craving and BSD severity. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Results emphasize the role of cue-reactivity/craving, implicit cognitions and inhibitory control in the context of BSD. In line with models for behavioral addictions (I-PACE; Brand et al., 2019), the interaction of affective and cognitive biases towards shopping cues and dysfunctional inhibitory control mechanisms seems to explain the pathological engagement in buying/shopping despite negative consequences.
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Thomas J, Arthur D, Sherman C. Compulsive buying and depressive symptoms in the United Arab Emirates: A mixed-methods exploration. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113460. [PMID: 33198040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Augsburger M, Wenger A, Haug S, Achab S, Khazaal Y, Billieux J, Schaub MP. The concept of buying-shopping disorder: Comparing latent classes with a diagnostic approach for in-store and online shopping in a representative sample in Switzerland. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:808-817. [PMID: 32918801 PMCID: PMC8943656 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Buying-shopping disorder and its transferability to the online sector is controversial. This study investigates in-store and online shopping patterns by comparing data-based modeling to a diagnostic cut-off approach. Further aims were to test model equivalence for gender and identify socio-demographic risk factors. METHODS In a representative survey, the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) was applied, using both an online and in-store version. Latent class analyses were followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to investigate socio-demographic variables. Measurement invariance across genders was tested with multi-group comparisons. RESULTS With N = 1,012, 3-class solutions provided the best model fit for both in-store and online shopping. Most individuals (76, 86%) were grouped in non-addicted classes, followed by risky (21, 11%) and addicted classes (both 3%). Twenty-eight percent of individuals in the online addicted shopping class remained unidentified using the cut-off. For online shopping, only lower age and education differentiated classes significantly. DISCUSSION Results indicate a close link between online and in-store shopping, albeit with distinguishing features. The cut-off yielded findings discrepant from class probabilities. That buying-shopping disorder mainly affects younger women of lower educational level must be questioned, given the limited associations identified. CONCLUSIONS It is important not only to consider different settings of pathological shopping, but also to focus on groups that may not have appeared at risk in previous investigations (e.g., men, older age). The BSAS cut-off warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Augsburger
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF at Zurich University, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Andreas Wenger
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF at Zurich University, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Haug
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF at Zurich University, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Achab
- Specialized Facility in Behavioral Addictions ReConnecte HUG, Geneva, Switzerland,WHO Collaborating Center in Training and Research in Mental Health, UniGe, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF at Zurich University, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cognitive Correlates in Gaming Disorder and Social Networks Use Disorder: a Comparison. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This overview aims at summarizing studies, which investigated cognitive correlates of gaming disorder and of a problematic use of social networks by using behavioral experimental paradigms and brain imaging techniques.
Recent Findings
Based on theoretical models, inhibition/inhibitory control, attentional bias, executive functions, decision-making, and working memory capabilities have been identified as cognitive components, which are assumed to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of an addictive behavior. A systematic search shows that various studies have already examined the involvement of different cognitive components in both types of potential addictive behaviors. However, the number of studies addressing cognitive correlates of social networks use disorder is very much lower compared with gaming disorder, even if there is a positive trend in terms of new publications in recent years.
Summary
Cognitive correlates have been frequently investigated in gaming disorder, as in many other disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. Studies on cognitive aspects involved in a problematic social networks use are still rare, but they are needed in order to further show if this phenomenon may also deserve a classification as addictive disorder. Interactions between different cognitive and affective processes are still understudied in both gaming disorder and problematic social networks use.
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Brand M, Rumpf HJ, Demetrovics Z, Müller A, Stark R, King DL, Goudriaan AE, Mann K, Trotzke P, Fineberg NA, Chamberlain SR, Kraus SW, Wegmann E, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors"? J Behav Addict 2020; 11. [PMID: 32634114 PMCID: PMC9295220 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling and gaming disorders have been included as "disorders due to addictive behaviors" in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Other problematic behaviors may be considered as "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors (6C5Y)." METHODS Narrative review, experts' opinions. RESULTS We suggest the following meta-level criteria for considering potential addictive behaviors as fulfilling the category of "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors":1. Clinical relevance: Empirical evidence from multiple scientific studies demonstrates that the specific potential addictive behavior is clinically relevant and individuals experience negative consequences and functional impairments in daily life due to the problematic and potentially addictive behavior.2. Theoretical embedding: Current theories and theoretical models belonging to the field of research on addictive behaviors describe and explain most appropriately the candidate phenomenon of a potential addictive behavior.3. Empirical evidence: Data based on self-reports, clinical interviews, surveys, behavioral experiments, and, if available, biological investigations (neural, physiological, genetic) suggest that psychological (and neurobiological) mechanisms involved in other addictive behaviors are also valid for the candidate phenomenon. Varying degrees of support for problematic forms of pornography use, buying and shopping, and use of social networks are available. These conditions may fit the category of "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors". CONCLUSION It is important not to over-pathologize everyday-life behavior while concurrently not trivializing conditions that are of clinical importance and that deserve public health considerations. The proposed meta-level-criteria may help guide both research efforts and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance Use and Related Disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology, and Prevention), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Trotzke
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shane W. Kraus
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Psychology, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - JoËl Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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