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Shyamsukha B, Nimonkar SV, Belkhode VM, Paul P, Godbole S. Assessment of emotional stress among patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1389-1393. [PMID: 37649751 PMCID: PMC10465031 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2310_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which the upper airway is partially or completely blocked during sleep. As a result, sleep arousal and arterial oxygen saturation are reduced. According to the epidemiological survey, OAS is relatively common among people that may be associated with psychiatric illnesses. Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate the stress level among patients suffering from OSA. The secondary objective was to compare the gender preference for stress among patients suffering from OSA. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, was performed to assess emotional stress among patients suffering from OSA. The study involved 20 participants diagnosed with OSA and reported to the Respiratory Department. The stress levels of the study participants were evaluated with a validated, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire given by the American Sociological Association (ASA). Result The stress levels presented by the study participants showed that 40% (n = 8) subjects had moderate stress and 60% (n = 12) had severe stress and 30.3% of females depicted emotional stress and 26.2% of males for the same. Conclusion There is a high psychological stress level among patients suffering from OSA. The females had higher predictions when compared to males. Such patients should be offered an intervention program aimed at stress management to enhance their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Shyamsukha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu V. Nimonkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram M. Belkhode
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surekha Godbole
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Jain V, Qureshi H. Modelling the factors affecting Quality of Life among Indian police officers: a novel ISM and DEMATEL approach. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:456-468. [PMID: 36579007 PMCID: PMC9772486 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines quality of life (QOL) of a sample of police officers in India. The concept of QOL includes well-being, social obligations, relationships of a person, and his association with environment. The study examines the factors on which QOL of police officers depend and their relationships with each other. The issues linked with QOL are important because they directly affect the individual's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle and affect organizational performance in the long run. This study explores relevant factors that have an impact on the QOL of the employees of police department in India. Method In this paper, literatures review, ISM, MICMAC, and DEMATEL methodology have established eleven factors that impact the QOL of police officers in India. Mutual relations between factors have been established using the ISM approach to develop a model to represent these relationships. DEMATEL methodologies were used to analyze these factors. Results Results indicate that "fair compensation, work overload, workplace safety, and job stress" are the top-level factors that affect QOL of police officers. Conclusion The identification of factors and their mutual relationships that affect QOL are important for police officers and have to be dealt with according to their order of importance. The research model developed in this study shows how the factors of police officers' QOL are interrelated and presents the interrelationships among these factors. A comprehensive model depicting the relationships among these factors has been established, so that the QOL of police officers can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Jain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, Haryana, India,Corresponding author. Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, Haryana, 122107, India.
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Yadav B, Kc A, Bhusal S, Pradhan PMS. Prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061534. [PMID: 35672072 PMCID: PMC9174765 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, associated factors and stress-coping strategies among traffic police officers in Kathmandu, Nepal. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. PARTICIPANTS A total of 300 traffic police officers working under the different traffic units of Kathmandu Valley for at least 6 months were recruited via a simple random sampling procedure. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES State of depression, anxiety and stress among traffic police officers based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Coping strategies under stressful conditions based on the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) tool. RESULTS Altogether 124 (41.3%) traffic police officers had symptoms of depression, 141 (47%) had anxiety symptoms and 132 (44%) had symptoms of stress. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression (adjusted OR (AOR): 10.7, 95% CI: 4.8 to 23.6), anxiety (AOR: 7.1, 95% CI: 3.4 to 14.9) and stress (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 3.3 to 14.1). Similarly, longer working hours was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of depression (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8 to 6.4), anxiety (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.9) and stress (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.4), and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting depressive symptoms (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.7). Participants in this study used positive coping strategies more than negative coping strategies. CONCLUSION Our study found a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among traffic police officers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Smoking and longer working hours were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and lack of physical exercise was associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Yadav
- Nepal Health Sector Support Programme (NHSSP 3), HERD International, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Anil Kc
- Abt Associates, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | - Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nepalese Society of Community Medicine, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
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Civilotti C, Acquadro Maran D, Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Hopelessness in Police Officers and Its Association with Depression and Burnout: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095169. [PMID: 35564562 PMCID: PMC9100122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hopelessness is a particularly critical condition and a risk factor for suicide. Many studies have reported that this condition is common in some occupations and is associated with high stress that is not properly managed. This study examined the prevalence of hopeless status (HS) in a sample of police officers (POs) and the association of hopelessness with depression, burnout, and suicidality. In total, 127 out of 231 POs participated in the survey; they were assessed with the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Depression Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A total of 26.5% of POs reported hopelessness, and a significant association was found with depression and burnout; in individual cases, these conditions were associated with suicidal thoughts. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables, depression, emotional exhaustion, and reduction of personal accomplishment were significantly associated with HP status. Depression (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1–9.12) and emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.06–3.32) significantly increased the risk of hopelessness, while personal accomplishment (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–1) was a protective factor. Hopelessness appears to be a very important factor to consider when assessing POs’ mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Civilotti
- Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Daniela Acquadro Maran
- Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy;
- WOW-Work and Organizational Wellbeing Research Group, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DI-14 NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Galanis P, Fragkou D, Katsoulas TA. Risk factors for stress among police officers: A systematic literature review. Work 2021; 68:1255-1272. [PMID: 33867384 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is common among police personnel leading to several negative consequences. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic literature review to identify risk factors for stress among police officers. METHODS We searched PubMed and Scopus electronic databases through to July 2018 and we conducted this review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for studies quality assessment. RESULTS After selection, 29 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and included in the review. The average quality of studies was low since no study was rated as having low risk of bias, three studies (10.3%) as moderate risk and 26 studies (89.7%) were rated as having high risk of bias. Stress risk factors were summarized in the following categories: demographic characteristics; job characteristics; lifestyle factors; negative coping strategies and negative personality traits. CONCLUSIONS Identification of stress risk factors is the first step to create and adopt the appropriate interventions to decrease stress among police personnel. The early identification of police officers at higher risk and the appropriate screening for mental health disorders is crucial to prevent disease and promote quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Fragkou
- Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros A Katsoulas
- Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Trombka M, Demarzo M, Campos D, Antonio SB, Cicuto K, Walcher AL, García-Campayo J, Schuman-Olivier Z, Rocha NS. Mindfulness Training Improves Quality of Life and Reduces Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Police Officers: Results From the POLICE Study-A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:624876. [PMID: 33716824 PMCID: PMC7952984 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.624876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Police officers' high-stress levels and its deleterious consequences are raising awareness to an epidemic of mental health problems and quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a growing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are efficacious to promote mental health and well-being among high-stress occupations. Methods: The POLICE study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up) where police officers were randomized to mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) (n = 88) or a waiting list (n = 82). This article focuses on QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and religiosity outcomes. Mechanisms of change and MBHP feasibility were evaluated. Results: Significant group × time interaction was found for QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and non-organizational religiosity. Between-group analysis showed that MBHP group exhibited greater improvements in QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms at both post-intervention (QoL d = 0.69 to 1.01; depression d = 0.97; anxiety d = 0.73) and 6-month follow-up (QoL d = 0.41 to 0.74; depression d = 0.60; anxiety d = 0.51), in addition to increasing non-organizational religiosity at post-intervention (d = 0.31). Changes on self-compassion mediated the relationship between group and pre-to-post changes for all QoL domains and facets. Group effect on QoL overall health facet at post-intervention was moderated by mindfulness trait and spirituality changes. Conclusion: MBHP is feasible and efficacious to improve QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian officers. Results were maintained after 6 months. MBHP increased non-organizational religiosity, although the effect was not sustained 6 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first mindfulness-based intervention RCT to empirically demonstrate these effects among police officers. Self-compassion, mindfulness trait, and spirituality mechanisms of change are examined. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT03114605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Trombka
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Campos
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental en Atención Primaria, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia B. Antonio
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cicuto
- Mente Aberta, Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Walcher
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental en Atención Primaria, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Neusa S. Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Innovations and Interventions for Quality of Life Research Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Queirós C, Passos F, Bártolo A, Marques AJ, da Silva CF, Pereira A. Burnout and Stress Measurement in Police Officers: Literature Review and a Study With the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 32457673 PMCID: PMC7221164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that policing is a stressful occupation and that this stress has a negative impact on police officers' mental and physical health, performance, and interactions with citizens. Mental health at the workplace has become a concern due to the costs of depression, anxiety, burnout, and even suicide, which is high among police officers. To ameliorate occupational health, it is therefore crucial to identify stress and burnout levels on a regular basis. However, the instruments frequently used to measure stress have not valorized the specificity of policing tasks. This study aims to: (i) conduct a literature review to identify questionnaires used to assess occupational stress and burnout among police officers; (ii) analyze the psychometric characteristics of a Portuguese version of Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op); and, using the PSQ-Op and other questionnaires, (iii) to identify operational stress, burnout, and distress levels among Portuguese police officers. The literature review identified 108 studies which use a multiplicity of questionnaires to measure burnout or occupational stress among police officers, but few studies use specific police stress questionnaires. Sample sizes were mostly below 500 participants and studies were mainly developed in the last decade in the USA and Brazil, but also in another 24 countries, showing the extent of the interest in this topic. This study applied to 2057 police officers from the National Portuguese Police, a force policing urban centers, and used the PSQ-Op, as well the Spanish Burnout Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The results show that the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of PSQ-Op are adequate. Factorial analysis revealed two dimensions defined as social and work issues, which were associated with measures of distress and burnout. Fit indices suggested a second-order solution called operational police stress. Overall, and considering the scale range of each questionnaire, the results showed moderate values of operational stress, distress, and burnout. However, considering their cut-off points, 85% of the sample presented high operational stress levels, 11% critical values for burnout, and 28% high distress levels, with 55% of the sample at risk of a psychological disorder. These results reinforce the need to prevent stress and to invest in police officers' occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Queirós
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Passos
- Psychology Unit of the Portuguese National Police, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Bártolo
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Anabela Pereira
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Benyamina Douma N, Côté C, Lacasse A. Quebec Serve and Protect Low Back Pain Study: What About Mental Quality of Life? Saf Health Work 2018; 10:39-46. [PMID: 30949379 PMCID: PMC6428994 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As of now, the impact of low back pain (LBP) and its chronic state, chronic low back pain (CLBP), on mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has never been investigated among police officers. The present investigation aims at studying this relationship using a biopsychosocial model. Methods Between May and October 2014, a Web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Quebec police officers (Quebec, Canada). Mental HRQOL was measured using the role emotional (RE) and the mental health (MH) domains of the SF-12v2 Health Survey. The impact of CLBP on mental HRQOL (as opposed to acute/subacute LBP or no LBP) was studied with a multivariate linear regression model. Results Of the 3,589 police officers who participated in the study, 1,013 (28.4%) reported CLBP. The mean age of respondents was 38.5 ± 8.7 years, and 32.0% were females. The RE (44.1/100) and MH (49.0/100) mean scores of the CLBP group were comparable with the scores found in populations suffering from cancer or heart diseases. Compared to officers without LBP, the presence of CLBP was significantly associated with lower RE (β: -0.068; p = 0.003) and MH (β: -0.062; p = 0.002) scores. These relationships were not found in the acute/subacute LBP group. Conclusion Our results underscore how frequent CLBP is among police officers and how burdensome it is. Considering the importance of good physical and mental health for this occupational population, police organizations should be aware of this issue and contribute to the efforts toward CLBP prevention and management in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabiha Benyamina Douma
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Côté
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Anaïs Lacasse
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
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Trombka M, Demarzo M, Bacas DC, Antonio SB, Cicuto K, Salvo V, Claudino FCA, Ribeiro L, Christopher M, Garcia-Campayo J, Rocha NS. Study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of mindfulness training to reduce burnout and promote quality of life in police officers: the POLICE study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 29801444 PMCID: PMC5970505 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Police officers experience a high degree of chronic stress. Policing ranks among the highest professions in terms of disease and accident rates. Mental health is particularly impacted, evidenced by elevated rates of burnout, anxiety and depression, and poorer quality of life than the general public. Mindfulness training has been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, burnout and promote quality of life in a variety of settings, although its efficacy in this context has yet to be systematically evaluated. Therefore, this trial will investigate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention versus a waitlist control in improving quality of life and reducing negative mental health symptoms in police officers. METHODS This multicenter randomized controlled trial has three assessment points: baseline, post-intervention, and six-month follow-up. Active police officers (n = 160) will be randomized to Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion (MBHP) or waitlist control group at two Brazilian major cities: Porto Alegre and São Paulo. The primary outcomes are burnout symptoms and quality of life. Consistent with the MBHP conceptual model, assessed secondary outcomes include perceived stress, anxiety and depression symptoms, and the potential mechanisms of resilience, mindfulness, decentering, self-compassion, spirituality, and religiosity. DISCUSSION Findings from this study will inform and guide future research, practice, and policy regarding police offer health and quality of life in Brazil and globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03114605 . Retrospectively registered on March 21, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Trombka
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 2350, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 545, Padre José Maria Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Beira Antonio
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 545, Padre José Maria Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cicuto
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 545, Padre José Maria Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Salvo
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 545, Padre José Maria Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Ribeiro
- Pacific University, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, Oregon USA
| | | | | | - Neusa Sica Rocha
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 2350, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Serra-Negra JM, Aquino MS, Silva MES, Abreu MH, Silveira RR. Tooth wear and sleep quality: A study of police officers and non-police officers. Cranio 2016; 36:6-10. [PMID: 27927084 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2016.1263275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of tooth wear facets and sleep disorders. METHODS The sample was divided into two groups: Group I: police officers (n = 144), and Group II: industrial workers (n = 142). A self-reported questionnaire, a clinical examination recorded in the dental records, and the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index were used for data collection. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared and multiple logistic regression were used as statistical tests at a 5% significance level. RESULTS Group I was almost twice as likely to have tooth wear facets as was Group II (OR = 1.88 95% CI = 1.03-3.44). Sleep disorders were worse among the participants of Group I. CONCLUSIONS The type of profession exerted an influence on sleep disorders and the presence of wear facets among the groups, with police officers most likely to suffer from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junia Maria Serra-Negra
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marcos Simões Aquino
- b Department of Clinical Dentistry , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Sousa Silva
- b Department of Clinical Dentistry , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Mauro Henrique Abreu
- c Department of Public Health , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Richard Silveira
- b Department of Clinical Dentistry , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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de Andrade APM, Amaro E, Farhat SCL, Schvartsman C. Higher burnout scores in paediatric residents are associated with increased brain activity during attentional functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:705-13. [PMID: 26896193 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Burnout syndrome is common in healthcare workers. We evaluated its prevalence in paediatric residents and investigated its influence on cerebral function correlations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when they carried out an attentional paradigm. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 28 residents from the Department of Paediatrics at the University of São Paulo. The functional MRI was carried out while the residents completed the Stroop colour word task paradigm to investigate their attentional task performance. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied, and stress was assessed using the Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and by a visual analogue mood scale. RESULTS The MBI subscales of depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indicated that 53.1% of the residents had moderate or high burnout syndrome. The whole-brain multivariate analysis showed positive correlations between the blood oxygenation level dependent effect and the MBI depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indices in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which controls for anxiety. CONCLUSION Increased brain activation during an attention task, measured using functional MRI, was associated with higher burnout scores in paediatric residents. This study provides a biological basis for the implementation of measures to reduce burnout syndrome at the start of residency training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anarella Penha Meirelles de Andrade
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Paediatric; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Brain Institute; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Brain Institute; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Radiology; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Institute of Education and Research; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Schvartsman
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Paediatric; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Institute of Education and Research; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Sao Paulo Brazil
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Malamardi SN, Kamath R, Tiwari R, Nair BVS, Chandrasekaran V, Phadnis S. Occupational stress and health-related quality of life among public sector bank employees: A cross-sectional study in Mysore, Karnataka, India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2016; 19:134-7. [PMID: 26957810 PMCID: PMC4765250 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.173998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Occupational morbidities have been estimated to cause an economic loss up to 10–20% of the gross national product of a country. It is an important cause of occupational morbidity and decreased quality of life (QOL) for the workers. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the level of occupational stress and its association with the QOL among the public sector bank employees. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted among employees of public sector banks in Mysore district, Karnataka, India. A cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Job stress was measured by using occupational stress index (OSI) scale questionnaire and health-related QOL was measured using the short form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire. The sample size estimated for the study was 526 and cluster random sampling technique was used. Chi-square test was used to find the association between the study variables and level of stress. Multiple linear regression model was used to find the determinants of health-related QOL among the study subjects. Results: The total number of the study subjects was 546 out of which 57% were males and 43% were females. The proportion of study subjects reporting to be current smokers was 4.2% and almost all study subjects reported occasional alcohol consumption. The mean physical component summary (PCS) score and mental component summary (MCS) using the original United States standardization were 47.90 and 48.30, respectively. The individuals with mild stress scored higher in both PCS and MCS than the individuals who had moderate to severe stress levels. There was significant association of health related quality of life with the age of the respondent,presence of at least one morbidity and level of stress with health-related QOL. Conclusion: This study has shown an association of occupational stress with the QOL. There is a need for interventions aimed at mitigating the occupational stress among employees of the banking sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya N Malamardi
- Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachandra Kamath
- Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Sameer Phadnis
- Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Cardoso PQ, Padovani RDC, Tucci AM. Análise dos agentes estressores e a expressão do estresse entre trabalhadores portuários avulsos. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-166x2014000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mudanças decorrentes de processos de reorganização nos locais de trabalho têm sido associadas a aumento de estresse entre trabalhadores. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a percepção do trabalhador portuário acerca da presença de estresse no trabalho no Porto de Santos, São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, cujos dados foram colhidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e do Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp. Foram entrevistados 17 trabalhadores portuários avulsos, dos quais 10 apresentaram estresse. Na percepção dos participantes, a atual organização do trabalho parece promover situações aversivas que favorecem o aparecimento e manutenção do estresse. Parece haver relação entre estresse e presença constante de sobrecarga física, exposição a ambientes hostis, má relação com o empregador, falta de equidade na distribuição do trabalho, e diminuição da remuneração, do número de trabalhadores por terno, da autonomia no trabalho, e da possibilidade de convívio familiar e lazer.
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Alexopoulos EC, Palatsidi V, Tigani X, Darviri C. Exploring stress levels, job satisfaction, and quality of life in a sample of police officers in Greece. Saf Health Work 2014; 5:210-5. [PMID: 25516814 PMCID: PMC4266800 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ongoing economic crisis in Greece has affected both stress and quality of life (QoL) at all socioeconomic levels, including professionals in the police force. The aim of this study was to examine perceived stress, job satisfaction, QoL, and their relationships in a sample of police officers in Greece. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first trimester of 2011 in 23 police stations in the greater Athens area. A total of 201 police officers agreed to participate (response rate 44.6%). The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was used to assess general health, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) questionnaires were used to assess QoL and perceived stress, respectively. Results The PSS and GHQ subscales and total scores exhibited strong, positive, and significant correlations coefficients (r): 0.52 for somatic disturbances, 0.56 for stress and insomnia, 0.40 for social dysfunction, and 0.37 for depression, yielding an r equal to 0.57 for the total GHQ score. A higher level of perceived stress was related to a lower likelihood of being satisfied with their job; in this regard, male participants and higher ranked officers reported lower job satisfaction. The PSS and GHQ scores were inversely, consistently, and significantly related to almost all of the QoL aspects, explaining up to 34% of their variability. Parenthood had a positive effect on QoL related to physical health, and women reported lower QoL related to psychological health. Conclusion Higher levels of stress are related to an increased risk of reporting suboptimal job satisfaction and QoL. The magnitude of these associations varied depending on age, gender, and rank, highlighting the need for stress-management training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C Alexopoulos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Palatsidi
- Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Department of Health Visitors, Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthi Tigani
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
CONTEXT There have been few studies focusing on occupational/organizational causes of stress in police. Hardly any studies exist on personality traits and coping methods in this group of individuals. AIMS To study the association of personality traits and coping methods to psychological stress in police personnel. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted among the constables and head constables working in the Police Department, Vizianagram town, Andhra Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 150 police persons. The socio-demographic data was individually collected from them. General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was used for assessing psychological stress, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) for personality traits, and Coping Checklist-1 (CCL-1) for eliciting coping methods. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS v 10 software. RESULTS On screening by GHQ-28, 35.33% of the police were found to be having psychological distress. The socio-demographic variables showed no significant association to psychological stress. Personality traits such as neuroticism, psychoticism, and extroversion and coping methods like negative distraction and denial/blame showed statistically significant association (P<0.05) with psychological stress. The most commonly used coping methods across the sample were social support (72.55%), acceptance/redefinition (64.72%), and problem solving (60.46%). As measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), there was evidence of linear association between certain personality traits and coping methods as well. CONCLUSIONS The personality traits and coping methods have significant independent and interactive role in the development of high psychological stress in police persons, thus placing them at a high risk of developing psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Nalgonda, India
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Schütte N, Bär O, Weiss U, Heuft G. Prediction of PTSD in Police Officers after Six Months – a Prospective Study. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 15:1339-48. [DOI: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to explore the predictors for the development of PTSD in police officers six months after encountering situations of a potentially traumatic nature. Fifty-nine police officers were studied immediately after the event (T1) and six months later (T2). At T2 PTSD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). PTSD was predicted by intrusions (Impact of Event Scale–Revised; IES-R), the impairment scale (is), global assessment of functioning scale (GAF), gender, age and sense of coherence scale (SOC). The diagnosis of an acute stress disorder (ASD) at T1 had a high specificity for identifying PTSD at T2. The strongest predictor for the development of PTSD was found to be the factor intrusions. Contrary to our expectations, age was not a significant predictive factor for PTSD. Thus, acute stress disorder (ASD) and a high degree of intrusions experienced immediately after a traumatic incident helped to identify early police officers at risk of developing chronic PTSD.
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Da Silva ECP, Silva SVL, Damião R, Fonseca EB, Garcia S, Lippi UG. Stress and anxiety in pregnant women exposed to ultrasound. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:295-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.574299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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