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Wang Y, Chen T, Cui JF, Liu JL, Li TH, Du TJ. Comparison of trait and state mind wandering among schizotypal, subclinically depressed, and control individuals. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:422. [PMID: 38840083 PMCID: PMC11151557 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression. METHODS Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants. RESULTS Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Baiduizi 23A, Haidian District, Beijing, 100073, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Institute of Educational Information and Statistics, National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hong Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Du
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang T, He Y, Meng F, Zhang K, Jin X, Cui X, Luo X. Abnormal theta and alpha oscillations in children and adolescents with first-episode psychosis and clinical high-risk psychosis. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e71. [PMID: 38515342 PMCID: PMC10988601 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control deficits are one of the main symptoms of psychosis. The basic neural oscillation patterns associated with cognitive control are already present in early adolescence. However, as previous studies have focused on adults with psychosis, it is unclear whether neurobiological impairments in cognitive control are present in children and adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis. AIMS To explore the deficits of electroencephalogram related to cognitive control tasks in children and adolescents with FEP and CHR. METHOD Electroencephalogram was recorded in untreated 48 patients with FEP, 24 patients with CHR and 42 healthy controls aged 10-17 years, while performing the visual oddball task. The N2 amplitude, theta and alpha oscillations were then analysed and compared between groups. RESULTS There was no significant group difference in N2 amplitude (P = 0.099). All groups showed increased theta and alpha oscillations relative to baseline before the stimulus in the frontal, central, left fronto-central and right fronto-central areas. These changes differed significantly between groups, with the FEP group showing significantly smaller theta (P < 0.001) and alpha (P < 0.01) oscillation than healthy controls. Theta and alpha oscillations in the CHR group did not differ significantly from the FEP group and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neural damage has already occurred in the early stage of psychosis, and that abnormal rhythmic activity of neurons may constitute the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction related to early-onset psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; and Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, China; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
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Jia L, Tang S, Song Y, Ren J, Li F, Huang F. Cognitive control in creative discovery: The gap between ideal and reality. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108522. [PMID: 36801357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Creative discovery involves discovering the additional values of existing things in the environment by identifying the novel associations between seemingly unrelated things; the judgment made in this process is expected to be accurate but not entirely correct. From the perspective of cognitive processing, what is the difference between the ideal and real states of creative discovery? This is largely unknown. In this study, a daily life scenario was presented, and a great number of seemingly unrelated tools were presented for participants to discover valuable tools. Electrophysiological activity was recorded when participants identified tools, and we then retrospectively analyzed the differences between responses. Compared with usual tools, unusual tools evoked greater N2, N400 and late sustained potential (LSP) amplitudes, which was likely associated with the monitoring and resolution of cognitive conflicts. Moreover, unusual tools evoked smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes when correctly identified as usable than when identified as unusable; this result suggested that creative discovery in the ideal state should depend on the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. However, in the comparison between subjectively rated usable and unusable tools, smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes were observed only when unusual tools could be identified by expanding the application scope but not by releasing functional fixedness; this outcome suggested that creative discovery in the real state was not always influenced by the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. The difference in cognitive control that should be exerted and that was actually exerted to identify novel associations was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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Jia LX, Ye JY, Cui JF, Shi HS, Yang TX, Wang Y. Proactive and reactive cognitive control for emotional conflict in individuals with high schizotypy: An ERP study. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 145:36-44. [PMID: 36413979 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine how individuals with high schizotypy, a high risk group of schizophrenia patients, resolve emotional conflict in proactive and reactive control and the underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two individuals with high schizotypy and 30 matched individuals with low schizotypy completed an emotional face-word Stroop task with electroencephalographic data recorded. The proportion of incongruent trials was manipulated in the task to induce proactive control (mostly incongruent trials context, MI context) or reactive control (mostly congruent trials context, MC context). Two event-related potential (ERP) components (N170 and N2) were examined, which represent face processing and cognitive control processes, respectively. RESULTS In the MC context, significantly decreased N2 and N170 amplitudes were found in high schizotypy individuals compared with low schizotypy individuals, suggesting abnormal neural activity of reactive control in high schizotypy individuals. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the MI context. CONCLUSIONS These results provide initial evidence for dissociation of neural activity of proactive and reactive control on emotional conflict in individuals with high schizotypy. SIGNIFICANCE The current findings provide important insight into the emotional conflict resolution in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xia Jia
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Research Center for Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Shi
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu H, Shi R, Liao R, Liu Y, Che J, Bai Z, Cheng N, Ma H. Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121677. [PMID: 36552137 PMCID: PMC9775506 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high altitude on inhibitory control processes that underlie sustained attention in the neural correlates of EEG data, and explore whether the EEG data reflecting inhibitory control contain valuable information to classify high-altitude chronic hypoxia and plain controls. (2) Methods: 35 chronic high-altitude hypoxic adults and 32 matched controls were recruited. They were required to perform the go/no-go sustained attention task (GSAT) using event-related potentials. Three machine learning algorithms, namely a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and a decision tree (DT), were trained based on the related ERP components and neural oscillations to build a dichotomous classification model. (3) Results: Behaviorally, we found that the high altitude (HA) group had lower omission error rates during all observation periods than the low altitude (LA) group. Meanwhile, the ERP results showed that the HA participants had significantly shorter latency than the LAs for sustained potential (SP), indicating vigilance to response-related conflict. Meanwhile, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analysis suggested that lowlander immigrants exposed to high altitudes may have compensatory activated prefrontal cortexes (PFC), as reflected by slow alpha, beta, and theta frequency-band neural oscillations. Finally, the machine learning results showed that the SVM achieved the optimal classification F1 score in the later stage of sustained attention, with an F1 score of 0.93, accuracy of 92.54%, sensitivity of 91.43%, specificity of 93.75%, and area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.97. The results proved that SVM classification algorithms could be applied to identify chronic high-altitude hypoxia. (4) Conclusions: Compared with other methods, the SVM leads to a good overall performance that increases with the time spent on task, illustrating that the ERPs and neural oscillations may provide neuroelectrophysiological markers for identifying chronic plateau hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Psychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
- Hebei International Research Center of Medical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Ruijuan Shi
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Runchao Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.M.); Tel.: +86-187-3246-7083 (Y.L.); +86-150-8905-6060 (H.M.)
| | - Jiajun Che
- Psychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Ziyu Bai
- Psychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Psychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Hebei International Research Center of Medical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.M.); Tel.: +86-187-3246-7083 (Y.L.); +86-150-8905-6060 (H.M.)
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