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Jia L, Ren J, Li F, Huang F. Evaluation standards regulate the generation and selection of novel ideas in creative behaviors: insights from individual differences in event-related potentials. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae133. [PMID: 38584087 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation is generally considered to occur after the generation of novel ideas to select truly creative ideas; however, evaluation may occur concurrently with the generation and regulate its efficiency. To test this hypothesis, 120 participants who held strict, moderate, or loose evaluation standards were grouped, and neural responses related to novel idea generation were compared retrospectively. The results showed that lower N400 amplitudes and greater LSP amplitudes were simultaneously elicited by objectively defined novel and usable options than by novel but unusable options among participants with moderate standards but not among participants with strict or loose standards. Evaluation standards influence the efficiency of novel idea generation; neither strict nor loose evaluation standards are conducive to fully resolving cognitive conflicts and generating novel ideas. Moreover, lower N400 amplitudes and greater LSP amplitudes were simultaneously elicited by the subjectively rated novel and usable option than by the novel but unusable option among participants with strict and moderate standards but not among participants with loose standards. Evaluation standards influence the selection among the generated ideas; participants in the strict and moderate groups made a wise choice based on the degree of conflict resolution, whereas participants in the loose group did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Procházka R, Stehlík A, Kotous J, Salvetr P, Bucki T, Stránský O, Zulić S. Fatigue Properties of Spring Steels after Advanced Processing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093327. [PMID: 37176208 PMCID: PMC10179137 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article deals with the effect of strain-assisted tempering (SAT) on the fatigue properties of 54SiCr6 steel used for spring steel wires in a wide variety of automotive applications, including coil springs. This steel spring wire is extremely strong, having a high elastic limit and yield point, giving the steel excellent energy accumulation and fatigue properties. This combination opens up new possibilities in helical and cylindrical coil spring design, resulting in the reduction of both size and weight. Lightweight coil springs lead to improvements in fuel consumption, stability and vehicle traction. A large plastic deformation and SAT were applied to enhance the yield point of the study material. Improvements in the static and cyclic properties of steel springs were investigated using tensile tests and 3PB fatigue tests at ambient temperature. In addition, an advanced laser shock peening (LSP) process was employed to increase the fatigue resistance of the SAT material. The results presented here show great improvements in the static and fatigue properties over commercial steel treatment. The material quality of the wires was evaluated to be insufficient for further processing with cold coiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Procházka
- COMTES FHT a.s., Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Stehlík
- COMTES FHT a.s., Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kotous
- COMTES FHT a.s., Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Salvetr
- COMTES FHT a.s., Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Bucki
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25 314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ondřej Stránský
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 1902/4, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Sanin Zulić
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
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Yin P, Li X, Mao J, Johnson BA, Wang B, Huang J. A comprehensive analysis of the crop effect on the urban-rural differences in land surface phenology. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160604. [PMID: 36464037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The response of land surface phenology (LSP) to the urban heat island effect (UHI) is a useful biological indicator for understanding how vegetated ecosystems will be affected by future climate warming. However, vegetation cover in rural areas is often dominated by cultivated land, whose phenological timing is considerably influenced by agricultural managements (e.g., timing of sowing and harvesting), leading to biased conclusions derived from the urban-rural LSP differences. To demonstrate this problem, we investigated the crop influence on the phenological response to a warmer environment resulting from the UHI effect. We partitioned cities in the United States into cultivated and non-cultivated categories according to the proportion of crops in rural areas. We then built continuous buffer zones starting from the urban boundary to explore the urban-rural LSP differences considering the UHI effect on them. The results suggest crop inclusion is likely to lead to >14 days of urban-rural differences at both the start of the season (SOS) and the end of the season (EOS) between cultivated and non-cultivated cities. The temperature sensitivity (ST) of SOS is overestimated by approximately 2.7 days/°C, whereas the EOS is underestimated by 3.6 days/°C. Removing crop-dominated pixels (i.e., above 50 %) can minimize the influence of crop planting/harvesting on LSP and derive reliable results. We, therefore, suggest explicit consideration of crop impacts in future studies of phenological differences between urban and rural areas and the UHI effect on LSP in urban domains, as presented by this comprehensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Yin
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuecao Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA
| | - Brian A Johnson
- Natural Resources and Ecosystem Service Area, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianxi Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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Jia L, Tang S, Song Y, Ren J, Li F, Huang F. Cognitive control in creative discovery: The gap between ideal and reality. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108522. [PMID: 36801357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Creative discovery involves discovering the additional values of existing things in the environment by identifying the novel associations between seemingly unrelated things; the judgment made in this process is expected to be accurate but not entirely correct. From the perspective of cognitive processing, what is the difference between the ideal and real states of creative discovery? This is largely unknown. In this study, a daily life scenario was presented, and a great number of seemingly unrelated tools were presented for participants to discover valuable tools. Electrophysiological activity was recorded when participants identified tools, and we then retrospectively analyzed the differences between responses. Compared with usual tools, unusual tools evoked greater N2, N400 and late sustained potential (LSP) amplitudes, which was likely associated with the monitoring and resolution of cognitive conflicts. Moreover, unusual tools evoked smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes when correctly identified as usable than when identified as unusable; this result suggested that creative discovery in the ideal state should depend on the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. However, in the comparison between subjectively rated usable and unusable tools, smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes were observed only when unusual tools could be identified by expanding the application scope but not by releasing functional fixedness; this outcome suggested that creative discovery in the real state was not always influenced by the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. The difference in cognitive control that should be exerted and that was actually exerted to identify novel associations was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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Jia L, Song Y, Ren J, Li F, Huang F. When and why will creative discovery succeed or fail? The role of reactive control in resolving conflicts. Psychophysiology 2022:e14243. [PMID: 36571236 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The process of creative discovery refers to discovering additional values of existing objects by identifying novel associations between seemingly unrelated things; however, this process is not always successful. To reveal the dynamic process of creative discovery, particularly when and why people made right or wrong judgments, the daily life scenario was described, and a possible tool was presented for judging whether it is usable to solve problems. Electrophysiological activity was recorded when people identified novel tools and then retrospectively analyzed the differences among three responses: correctly identified novel and usable (C-NU) options, falsely identified novel and usable (F-NU) options, and correctly identified novel but unusable (C-NUU) options. The results showed that, compared with ordinary tools, novel tools evoked greater N2, N400 and LSP amplitudes; the differences in these components were likely associated with the monitoring and resolution of cognitive conflicts in the process of discovering novel associations. Regarding novel tools, smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes were evoked by the C-NU option than by the F-NU option, and no differences in these components were found between the F-NU and C-NUU options. The findings revealed that the success or failure of discovering novel associations depended on reactive control in resolving conflicts. Only when sufficient cognitive effort is used to resolve a conflict to a great degree can the appropriately novel association be successfully discovered; otherwise, the novel and appropriate association is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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López JM, Munoz-Martin D, Moreno-Labella JJ, Panizo-Laiz M, Gomez-Rosas G, Molpeceres C, Morales M. Picosecond Laser Shock Micro-Forming of Stainless Steel: Influence of High-Repetition Pulses on Thermal Effects. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124226. [PMID: 35744285 PMCID: PMC9228964 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A study of the peen forming of thin stainless steel metal foils (50 μm thick) using a solid-state ps-pulsed laser, emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm was conducted. The pitch distance between consecutive laser pulses was kept constant by tuning the laser repetition rate from 0.4 to 10 kHz, and subsequently the scanning speed. The induced bending angle and the radius of curvature were used to measure the effect of the treatment. Their dependence on the pulse energy, the treated area, the distance between lines, and the laser repetition rate was studied. High repetition rates do not allow the sample to cool down, affecting the bending to the point of being negligible. An FEM simulation and experiments were carried out to prove that the increase in temperature due to high repetition rate can relax the stresses induced by laser peen treatment, thus preventing bending in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel López
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-664618942
| | - David Munoz-Martin
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno-Labella
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Panizo-Laiz
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gilberto Gomez-Rosas
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Molpeceres
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing 1, 28038 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.J.M.-L.); (M.P.-L.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Shi X, Gong B, Liao S, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang T, Shi J. Removal and enrichment of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by lotus seed pods. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:84-93. [PMID: 31332878 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr(VI)) is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Cr(VI) water pollution has become more and more serious. This article reports on a study in which lotus seed pods (LSP), an agricultural waste product, was used to efficiently remove Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution, and the carbonization product of LSP after the removal of Cr(VI) (CPLSP) can be regarded as a resource containing Cr. Cr(VI) removed by LSP fits a pseudo-second-order model. pH levels greatly influence the amount of Cr removed. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) by LSP in aqueous solution was 153.85 mg/g. The possible removal mechanism is absorption, redox, and reabsorption based upon SEM/EDS, FT-IR, and XPS spectra results. The Cr content of CPLSP was 42.95% by ammonium persulfate oxidation titrimetric method. These results suggest that LSP can be an excellent, low cost, biomaterial for removing and enriching Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Lotus seed pods are an efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The Cr removal by lotus seed pods occurs via absorption, redox, and reabsorption. Cr can be captured after the pods are carbonized. Lotus seed pods can be applied to the removal and enrichment of Cr(VI) from waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Shi
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuijiao Liao
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyu Wang
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junkai Shi
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Morozov YI, Temiakov D. Human Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation Complexes Have Similar Topology on the Light and Heavy Strand Promoters. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13432-5. [PMID: 27226527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.727966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is a highly regulated process in all domains of life. In human mitochondria, transcription of the circular genome involves only two promoters, called light strand promoter (LSP) and heavy strand promoter (HSP), located in the opposite DNA strands. Initiation of transcription occurs upon sequential assembly of an initiation complex that includes mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP) and the initiation factors mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and TFB2M. It has been recently suggested that the transcription initiation factor TFAM binds to HSP and LSP in opposite directions, implying that the mechanisms of transcription initiation are drastically dissimilar at these promoters. In contrast, we found that binding of TFAM to HSP and the subsequent recruitment of mtRNAP results in a pre-initiation complex that is remarkably similar in topology and properties to that formed at the LSP promoter. Our data suggest that assembly of the pre-initiation complexes on LSP and HSP brings these transcription units in close proximity, providing an opportunity for regulatory proteins to simultaneously control transcription initiation in both mtDNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav I Morozov
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
| | - Dmitry Temiakov
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
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Motawi TK, Ahmed SA, Hamed MA, El-Maraghy SA, Aziz WM. Combination of melatonin and certain drugs for treatment of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Diabetol Int 2016; 7:413-424. [PMID: 30603294 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-016-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure in many developed countries. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of certain drugs and melatonin in the treatment of nephropathy secondary to diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). Three days after induction of diabetes (460-500 mg/dl), rats were treated daily for 60 days with Rowatinex, melatonin, Rowatinex + melatonin, Amosar (Losartan Potassium) (LSP) and LSP + melatonin. The evaluations were made by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, kidney injury molecule-1, heat shock protein-70, caspase-3, transforming growth factor β1, and DNA degradation by comet assay and total protein contents. The histopathological picture of the kidneys and pancreases was confirmed in our results. Diabetic rats showed drastic changes in all the measured parameters. Treatment with melatonin and the selected drugs revealed amelioration levels with variable degrees. In conclusion, the combination of LSP and melatonin had the most potent effect on treating the deleterious action of diabetes on rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- 2Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang P, Li S, Liu C, Wei X, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Chen Z. Near-infrared optical absorption enhanced in black silicon via Ag nanoparticle-induced localized surface plasmon. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:519. [PMID: 25285058 PMCID: PMC4179936 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to the localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect induced by Ag nanoparticles inside black silicon, the optical absorption of black silicon is enhanced dramatically in near-infrared range (1,100 to 2,500 nm). The black silicon with Ag nanoparticles shows much higher absorption than black silicon fabricated by chemical etching or reactive ion etching over ultraviolet to near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR, 250 to 2,500 nm). The maximum absorption even increased up to 93.6% in the NIR range (820 to 2,500 nm). The high absorption in NIR range makes LSP-enhanced black silicon a potential material used for NIR-sensitive optoelectronic device. PACS 78.67.Bf; 78.30.Fs; 78.40.-q; 42.70.Gi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Barton MD, Trembly BS. Measurement of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the porcine cornea. Exp Eye Res 2013; 115:216-23. [PMID: 23933570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate thermal models for the cornea of the eye support the development of thermal techniques for reshaping the cornea and other scientific purposes. Heat transfer in the cornea must be quantified accurately so that a thermal treatment does not destroy the endothelial layer, which cannot regenerate, and yet is responsible for maintaining corneal transparency. We developed a custom apparatus to measure the thermal conductivity of ex vivo porcine corneas perpendicular to the surface and applied a commercial apparatus to measure thermal conductivity parallel to the surface. We found that corneal thermal conductivity is 14% anisotropic at the normal state of corneal hydration. Small numbers of ex vivo feline and human corneas had a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the surface that was indistinguishable from the porcine corneas. Aqueous humor from ex vivo porcine, feline, and human eyes had a thermal conductivity nearly equal to that of water. Including the anisotropy of corneal thermal conductivity will improve the predictive power of thermal models of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Barton
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Álvarez C, Andreu M, Castells A, Quintero E, Bujanda L, Cubiella J, Salas D, Lanas Á, Carballo F, Morillas JD, Hernández C, Jover R, Sarasqueta C, Enriquéz-Navascués JM, Hernández V, Estévez P, Macenlle R, Sala T, Balaguer F, Pellisé M, Moreira L, Gil I, Peris A, González-Rubio F, Ferrández A, Poves C, Ponce M, Grau J, Serradesanferm A, Ono A, Cruzado J, Pérez-Riquelme F, Alonso-Abreu I, Carrillo-Palau M, Santander C, Díaz Tasende J, Herreros A, Cacho G, Barranco LE, Bessa X. Relationship of colonoscopy-detected serrated polyps with synchronous advanced neoplasia in average-risk individuals. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78:333-341.e1. [PMID: 23623039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serrated cancers account for 10% to 20% of all colorectal cancers (CRC) and more than 30% of interval cancers. The presence of proximal serrated polyps and large (≥10 mm) serrated polyps (LSP) has been correlated with colorectal neoplasia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of serrated polyps and their association with synchronous advanced neoplasia in a cohort of average-risk population and to assess the efficacy of one-time colonoscopy and a biennial fecal immunochemical test for reducing CRC-related mortality. This study focused on the sample of 5059 individuals belonging to the colonoscopy arm. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING The ColonPrev study, a population-based, multicenter, nationwide, randomized, controlled trial. PATIENTS A total of 5059 asymptomatic men and women aged 50 to 69 years. INTERVENTION Colonoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Prevalence of serrated polyps and their association with synchronous advanced neoplasia. RESULTS Advanced neoplasia was detected in 520 individuals (10.3%) (CRC was detected in 27 [0.5%] and advanced adenomas in 493 [9.7%]). Serrated polyps were found in 1054 individuals (20.8%). A total of 329 individuals (6.5%) had proximal serrated polyps, and 90 (1.8%) had LSPs. Proximal serrated polyps or LSPs were associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76-4.45 and OR 1.65, 95% CI, 1.31-2.07, respectively). Also, LSPs were associated with advanced neoplasia (OR 2.49, 95% CI, 1.47-4.198), regardless of their proximal (OR 4.15, 95% CI, 1.69-10.15) or distal (OR 2.61, 95% CI, 1.48-4.58) locations. When we analyzed subtypes of serrated polyps, proximal hyperplasic polyps were related to advanced neoplasia (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.13-2.28), although no correlation with the location of the advanced neoplasia was observed. LIMITATIONS Pathology criteria for the diagnosis of serrated polyps were not centrally reviewed. The morphology of the hyperplasic polyps (protruded or flat) was not recorded. Finally, because of the characteristics of a population-based study carried out in average-risk patients, the proportion of patients with CRC was relatively small. CONCLUSION LSPs, but not proximal serrated polyps, are associated with the presence of synchronous advanced neoplasia. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of proximal hyperplastic polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Álvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital del Mar. Cancer Research Program, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kulemzin S, Chikaev N, Volkova O, Reshetnikova E, Taranin A, Najakshin A, Mechetina L. Characterization of human FCRLA isoforms. Immunol Lett 2013; 152:153-8. [PMID: 23742757 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
FCRLA is an ER-resident B-cell specific protein. The exact function of this protein remains unclear although human FCRLA has been recently shown to interact with IgM, IgG and IgA. The retention of FCRLA in ER is mediated by the N-terminal domain. The major human FCRLA isoform is encoded by five exons, of which one encodes a short signal peptide (SSP) and the others code four protein domains. Here we show that human tissues also produce transcripts which contain an additional exon and encode proteins with signal peptide that is six residues longer (LSP). Transfection experiments demonstrated that the extension of the signal peptide had no visible effect on the topology and molecular mass of the processed four-domain FCRLA isoform. However, the length of the signal peptide was found to affect processing of two-domain FCRLA isoforms composed of the third and fourth domains (FCRLAd2). The signal peptide was not cleaved in the SSP-FCRLAd2 and this isoform was found to accumulate in the ER. In contrast, the LSP-containing FCRLAd2 isoform was processed, O-glycosylated and secreted. The secreted FCRLAd2 isoform did not interact with IgG- or IgM-immunosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kulemzin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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