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Mastrobattista L, Gomez Perez LJ, Gallimberti L, Genetti B, Andreotti A, Fassinato D, Monacis L, Anselmi P, Colledani D, Minutillo A, Mortali C. Psychosocial risk and protective factors for youth problem behavior are associated with food addiction in the Generation Z. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1414110. [PMID: 38859893 PMCID: PMC11163117 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1414110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Food Addiction (FA) and other well-known risk behavior as substance misuse tend to co-occur and may share similar risk and protective factors. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the diagnosis/severity of FA and psychosocial domains typically related to risk behavior syndrome in a large, nationally representative community sample of Generation Z underage Italian students. Method The sample consisted of 8,755 students (3,623 from middle schools, 5,132 from high schools). A short version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was administered to evaluate FA. Risk and protective factors related to demographic, personality, behavior, and family variables were examined. Stepwise multivariate logistic and linear regressions were conducted. Results The prevalence of FA was 30.8%. Female gender, social anxiety and depression symptoms, social withdrawal risk, Internet gaming disorder, social media addiction, current substance use, social challenge engagement and experienced doxing boosted the chance of FA diagnosis, whereas eating fruit and vegetables, playing competitive sports and an average sleep duration of 7-8 h per night reduced these odds. FA severity was significantly and positively associated with trait impulsiveness, social anxiety and depressive symptoms, risk of social withdrawal, recent substance use, social media, and gaming addiction, doxing suffered and risky social challenges participation. Negative associations between the severity of FA and fruit and vegetable diet habits were found. Conclusion Our findings confirm that FA is widespread among Italian adolescents. The associations between the diagnosis and severity of FA and psychosocial risk factors for health, including, addictive and deviant behaviors related to digital misuse, suggest its belonging to the risk behavior constellation. Health promotion schemes based on a multicomponent strategy of intervention should consider the inclusion of FA and its psychosocial correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mastrobattista
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Genetti
- Explora Research and Statistical Analysis, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Anselmi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Daiana Colledani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Adele Minutillo
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mortali
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Mekonnen T, Papadopoulou E, Lien N, Andersen LF, Pinho MGM, Havdal HH, Andersen OK, Gebremariam MK. Mediators of parental educational differences in the intake of carbonated sugar-sweetened soft drinks among adolescents, and the moderating role of neighbourhood income. Nutr J 2023; 22:43. [PMID: 37697383 PMCID: PMC10494387 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) among adolescents remains a public health concern and that socioeconomic differences in intake exist. Tackling these challenges requires identifying the factors associated with SSB intake and the mediators of socioeconomic differences in SSB intake among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to explore (i) factors at different levels of the ecological model associated with the intake of carbonated soft drinks with added sugar (hereafter called soft drinks), (ii) mediators of the association between parental education and the intake of soft drinks(iii) whether neighbourhood income moderates the indirect effect of parental education on adolescents' soft drink intake through potential mediators. METHODS Data from 826 7th graders in Oslo, Norway, who participated in the TACKLE cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 were used. The association between factors at the individual, interpersonal and neighbourhood food environment levels and the intake of soft drinks among adolescents was assessed, as well as the mediating roles of these factors for the differences in intake by parental education, using multiple logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively. Moderated mediation analyses were used to explore whether an indirect effect of parental education on adolescents' soft drink intake through potential mediators varies across neighbourhood income areas. RESULTS Higher perceived accessibility of SSB at home, increased parental modelling for SSB intake, and increased frequency of food/drink purchased from the neighbourhood store were associated with a higher intake of soft drinks among adolescents and mediated the differences in intake by parental education. Neighbourhood food environment factors were neither statistically significantly associated with adolescents' higher intake of soft drinks nor explained the differences in intake by parental education. Moderated mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of perceived accessibility of SSB at home on the association between parental education and adolescent soft drink intake was stronger among those living in low neighbourhood income. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified modifiable factors at the intrapersonal level (perceived accessibility of SSB at home and frequency of food/drink purchased from neighbourhood shops) and interpersonal levels (parental modelling for SSB intake) associated with a higher intake of soft drinks among adolescents and mediated the differences in the intake by parental education. The modifiable factors identified in this study could be targeted in public health initiatives among adolescents aimed at reducing the intake of soft drinks and the related differences by parental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teferi Mekonnen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Health Service, Global Health Cluster, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Gabriela Matias Pinho
- Department Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanne Hennig Havdal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Purohit BM, Dawar A, Bansal K, Nilima, Malhotra S, Mathur VP, Duggal R. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and socioeconomic status: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023; 29:465-477. [PMID: 36384341 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are an independent risk factor for obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the key drivers for the purchase and consumption of SSBs among children and adults; however, there is a lack of strong evidence. This study aims to determine the association between SES and consumption patterns of SSBs across populations. RESULTS The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles until 2022. Participants included children, adolescents, and adults who consumed different SSBs and were assessed based on their SES. The random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled odds ratio (OR). Twenty-one studies (152,070 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Eight ORs from four studies (34,454 participants) were considered for meta-analysis. Results showed those belonging to high SES had 48% lower odds of consuming the SSBs (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42-0.61; p = 0.017). The overall quality of evidence was ascertained using GRADE criteria, illustrating a moderate certainty of evidence between SSB consumption and SES. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis suggests that SES influences the consumption pattern of SSBs, with high SES having lower odds of SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi M Purohit
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anika Dawar
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilima
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay P Mathur
- Division of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Brettschneider AK, Lage Barbosa C, Haftenberger M, Lehmann F, Mensink GBM. Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:1216-1228. [PMID: 33427143 PMCID: PMC8025090 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. DESIGN Within the 'German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents' (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional 'Eating Study as a KiGGS Module' (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. SETTING Germany. PARTICIPANTS 1353 adolescents aged 12-17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. RESULTS The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristin Brettschneider
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Clarissa Lage Barbosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Marjolein Haftenberger
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Franziska Lehmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Gert BM Mensink
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
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Holstein BE, Damsgaard MT, Due P, Krølner RF, Pedersen TP, Rasmussen M. Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks among adolescents: Trends and social inequality in Denmark 2002-2018. Nutr Health 2020; 26:3-8. [PMID: 31965902 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019900742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) has decreased among adolescents, but trends in social inequality in SSSD intake are unknown. AIM Examine trends in social inequality in SSSD intake among adolescents in Denmark during 2002-2018. METHODS Five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys with data on SSSD intake and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from nationally representative samples of 11, 13 and 15 year olds, n =20,112. RESULTS The overall prevalence of daily SSSD intake decreased from 10.1% in 2002 to 6.4% in 2018. The prevalence decreased in both high OSC (from 8% to 5%) and middle OSC (from 10% to 6%) but remained around 12% in low OSC. The odds ratio (OR) estimates of low compared with high OSC increased over the years around an overall OR of 2.01 (1.74-2.34). CONCLUSIONS Danish adolescents' SSSD intake decreased during 2002-2018 and was higher the lower the parents' OSC. Thus, social inequality increased during 2002-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E Holstein
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Pagh Pedersen
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Rasmussen
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chung A, Peeters A, Gearon E, Backholer K. Contribution of discretionary food and drink consumption to socio-economic inequalities in children's weight: prospective study of Australian children. Int J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 29514246 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, children with a lower socio-economic position (SEP) are more likely to gain excess weight compared with children with a higher SEP. The extent to which children's consumption of discretionary food and drinks contributes to the development of these inequalities over childhood has not been examined. METHODS The study sample comprised 3190 children from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted in accordance with the product of coefficients mediation method to determine the contribution of cumulative consumption of sweet drinks, discretionary hot foods, savoury snacks and sweet snacks from the first year of life, over a period of 10 years, on the relationship between SEP and children's body mass index (BMI) z-score at age 10-11 years. RESULTS At age 10-11, mean BMI z-score was 0.17 in the highest SEP tertile, 0.33 in the middle and 0.47 in the lowest tertile. Corresponding values for overweight and obesity prevalence were 16.6%, 25.7% and 32.7%, respectively. Eleven per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.77%, 19.84%] of the observed difference in BMI z-score at age 10-11 years was mediated by socio-economic differences in consumption of sweet drinks and discretionary hot foods including pies and hot chips throughout childhood. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that consumption of sweet drinks and discretionary hot food, from the first year of life, is likely to contribute to the development of inequalities in excess weight among children. Poor dietary intake is a key risk factor for excess weight gain among children and a reduction in discretionary food and drinks is likely to contribute to the dual goal of improving overall weight and reducing socio-economic inequalities in weight gain across childhood. To maximally reduce inequalities in weight gain across childhood, additional determinants must also be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chung
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Emma Gearon
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
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Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:870-882. [PMID: 27846923 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research aimed to study the multidimensionality of the link between dietary intake and socio-economic position (SEP) in a representative sample of French children and adolescents, using a variety of SEP indicators. DESIGN Data from the second French national food consumption survey (INCA2) were used. Information on food consumption was collected using a 7d food record and SEP data (occupation, education, income, household wealth indices) using questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately in children and adolescents to assess the relationships between dietary components (food groups and macronutrients) and each dimension of SEP. SETTING The INCA2 survey, France. SUBJECTS A representative sample of French children (3-10 years of age; n 574) and adolescents (11-17 years of age; n 881). RESULTS Compared with children from a higher SEP, those from a lower SEP had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and confectionery and higher intakes of starchy foods, meat, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and pizzas/sandwiches. Similar results were observed in adolescents for fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adolescents also had lower intakes of cakes/pastries and higher intakes of processed meat and dairy desserts. Neither energy nor protein intake was associated with SEP. Adolescents from a lower SEP had higher carbohydrate and lower lipid intakes. Overall, these findings were consistent across the various dimensions of SEP, but the gradient was steeper depending on the caregiver's educational level. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.
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