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Jiang Q, Li Q. Association of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with overweight/obesity and central obesity among children and adolescents in the United States of America using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:107-122. [PMID: 36251327 PMCID: PMC10091814 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association of overweight/obesity, and central obesity with thiocyanate (SCN), perchlorate (CIO), and nitrate (NO) in childhood and adolescence is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this association in 4447 participants comprising children and adolescents (aged 6-19 years) using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016. SCN level was positively associated with overweight/obesity in both children and adolescents, while CIO level was negatively associated with overweight/obesity only in children; however, no significant association was found for NO level. Similar associations were found between SCN level and central obesity. Thus, our results suggest that SCN exposure was associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity in both children and adolescents, while a negative association was observed for CIO in children. Strategies to monitor the exposure levels and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between exposure and the weight parameters are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pediatric, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
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Rinaldo N, Toselli S, Gualdi-Russo E, Khyatti M, Gihbid A, Zaccagni L. Anthropometric Assessment of General and Central Obesity in Urban Moroccan Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6819. [PMID: 35682400 PMCID: PMC9180076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, North African countries have faced the nutrition transition, leading to an increase in obesity, exacerbated by an extremely low rate of physical activity (PA). Particular attention must be paid to abdominal obesity (one of the metabolic syndrome criteria), which has been linked to several health problems. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in a sample of urban Moroccan women and to analyze the anthropometric indicators of metabolic syndrome risk among subsamples with different PA and socio-demographic characteristics. Urban Moroccan women living in Casablanca (n = 304; mean age 37.4 ± 15.6 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data concerning socio-demographic variables, PA behavior, and anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences) were directly collected. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and relative fat mass were computed. Comparisons between women with different socio-demographic characteristics were performed through ANCOVA adjusted for age. The results reveal that 39.4% of the women did not practice any PA. The percentage of women above the cutoffs of risk for general and central obesity was more than half for all the indexes, except for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and 19.6% were at a very high risk of health issues. Moreover, being female unmarried, childless, graduates, and students were found to be protective against obesity. In conclusion, Moroccan women have a high level of obesity, especially abdominal, and preventive interventions are needed to reduce the health impact of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Meriem Khyatti
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Amina Gihbid
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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Sikalidis AK, Öztağ M. Optimized snacking is positively associated with socioeconomic status and better type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Turkish patients. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Bramanti B, Mongillo J, Gualdi-Russo E. Body image perception and body composition: assessment of perception inconsistency by a new index. J Transl Med 2020; 18:20. [PMID: 31937320 PMCID: PMC6961355 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A correct perception of the body image, as defined by comparison with actual anthropometric analyses, is crucial to ensure the best possible nutritional status of each individual. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) represents a leading technique to assess body composition parameters and, in particular, the fat mass. This study examined the self-perception of body image at various levels of adiposity proposing a new index. Methods We investigated 487 young Italian adults (mean age of males: 21.9 ± 2.4 years; mean age of females: 21.0 ± 2.2 years). Each subject could choose, on the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the silhouette that he/she considered most resembling his/her perceived body image as well as his/her ideal body image. On each subject, we performed anthropometric measurements and determined the values of Fat mass and %Fat with BIA. A new index, FAIFAT (Feel fat status minus Actual fat status Inconsistency), was developed to evaluate possible fat status perception inconsistencies by BIA. Results Based on ideal and feel body image comparison, women showed higher dissatisfaction than men and preferred slimmer silhouettes. FAIFAT values indicated that the fat status perception was correct in the majority of the examined individuals and only three subjects showed a serious misperception. Conclusions Our findings suggest that FAIFAT is an appropriate index for assessing the perceived fat status from the body image when compared with data obtained by BIA. In a population, the use of this index will allow the correct identification of groups at risk for eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Biomedical Sport Studies Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jessica Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Biomedical Sport Studies Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Toselli S, Gualdi-Russo E, Mazzuca P, Campa F. Ethnic differences in body composition, sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Italy. Endocrine 2019; 65:558-568. [PMID: 31368082 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare immigrants and Italian natives with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in terms of anthropometric parameters and lifestyle-related characteristics and to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and glycemic control in men and women with DM2 living in Italy. The sample included 100 immigrants (55 Albanians and 45 Africans) and 100 Italians, followed by the Public Health Clinics of Rimini. The association of ethnicity with sex, socioeconomic status, anthropometric and hematological characteristics, and lifestyle were examined. In addition, differences among groups in glycemic control were evaluated. Among males, African participants presented significantly lower values than other groups in adiposity parameters and triglycerides. The highest percentage of obesity and of normal weight was found in Italians and in Africans, respectively. Among females, there were scanty differences, but Italians presented higher WHR values than the other groups. No statistical differences appeared in hematological parameters among groups. There were no significant differences in glycemic control among groups and sexes. Also considering the differences between subjects with optimal (L) or nonoptimal (H) glycemic control, the differences in lifestyle, anthropometric, and hematological variables remained scarce. Among all groups, significantly higher values of glucose were detected in H than in L. A similar condition appeared for triglycerides in males. Immigrant and native Italian diabetics did not present any difference in their clinical characteristics, but Italians generally presented worst lifestyle habits. The percentage of subjects with poor metabolic control of diabetes was not low, but similar in immigrants and natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzuca
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Center, Romagna Health District, Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco Campa
- Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Iguacel I, Fernández-Alvira JM, Labayen I, Moreno LA, Samper MP, Rodríguez G. Social vulnerabilities as determinants of overweight in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old Spanish children. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:289-295. [PMID: 29020368 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in obesity prevalence among vulnerable groups exist in childhood but it remains unclear whether these differences may be partly determined by socioeconomic status (SES), parental body mass index (BMI) and early life risk factors. We aimed to explore (i) longitudinal associations between belonging to a minority group and being overweight/obese at age 2, 4 and 6 and (ii) associations between accumulation of social vulnerabilities and being overweight/obese at age 6. Methods In total, 1031 children (53.8% boys) were evaluated at birth and re-examined during a 6-year follow-up in a representative cohort of Aragon (Spain). Children from minority (vulnerable) groups included Spanish Roma/gypsies, Eastern Europeans, Latin Americans and Africans. Two more vulnerable groups were defined at baseline as children whose parents reported low occupation and education. Ethnicity, SES and parental BMI were collected via interviews. We used logistic mixed-effects models and adjusted for parental BMI, SES, mother's tobacco use, maternal weight gain, birth weight, infant weight gain and breastfeeding practices. Results Regardless of confounders, Roma/gypsy children (OR = 4.63;[1.69-12.70]95%CI) and with Latin American background (OR = 3.04;[1.59-5.82]95%CI) were more likely to be overweight/obese at age 6 compared with non-gypsy Spanish group. Children with three vulnerabilities (OR = 2.18;[1.31-3.64]95%CI) were more likely to be overweight/obese at age 6 compared with children with no vulnerabilities. No associations were found between belonging to a minority group and overweight/obesity in children under 6. Conclusion Interventions should target Roma/gypsy children, Latin American children and those who accumulate more vulnerabilities as they are at higher risk of being overweight/obese at age 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Iguacel
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández-Alvira
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Samper
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII, Spain.,Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII, Spain.,Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Bramanti B, Gualdi-Russo E. Relation between lifestyle behaviors and body composition patterns among healthy young Italians: a cross-sectional study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 58:1652-1656. [PMID: 29072035 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative lifestyle factors affect health outcomes adversely. The aim of the study was to assess body composition parameters and their relationship to several lifestyle behaviors among young Italian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of university students (N.=200; 50% males; 21.9±2.0 years). Anthropometric and bio-impedance traits were directly measured. Behavioral data (physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking data) were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to characterize and compare across participants by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of subjects at risk (above the cut-points) was 3% in men and 2% in women for generalized obesity (BMI); 1% in women for centralized obesity (waist circumference); 12% in men and 5% in women for obesity (fat percentage). Unhealthy behaviors were infrequent in our sample. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that percentage of fat mass and fat-free mass were closely related to sex and structured physical activity: fat percentage decreased and fat free mass increased with the increasing of sport practice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight new evidence on the particular impact of structured physical activity on body composition in young adults. Interventions should focus on the optimization of youth health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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In response to 'Comment on: "Anthropometric parameters in relation to glycaemic status and lipid profile in a multi-ethnic sample in Italy" by Gualdi-Russo et al.'. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1337. [PMID: 26573371 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Comment on: 'Anthropometric parameters in relation to glycaemic status and lipid profile in a multi-ethnic sample in Italy' by Gualdi-Russo et al. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1336. [PMID: 26507801 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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El-Haggar SM, Mostafa TM. Adipokines and biochemical changes in Egyptian obese subjects: possible variation with sex and degree of obesity. Endocrine 2015; 48:878-85. [PMID: 25142747 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was firstly to evaluate the adipokines and biochemical changes in obese subjects in relation to different grades of obesity and in relation to gender difference (males versus females) and secondly to evaluate the role of TNF-α in obesity. From January 2013 to February 2014, a total number of 120 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes were recruited and randomly selected from Dr. Abd-Elhamid Elsheikh center for physiotherapy and weight control, El-menofia-Egypt. Those subjects were classified according to their sex into two main groups; the female group and the male group. The female group (60 women) was distributed according to BMI into group 1 (15 lean women), group 2 (15 class I obese women), group 3 (15 class II obese women), and group 4 (15 class III obese women). The male group (60 men) was also distributed according to the BMI into group 1 (15 lean men), group 2 (15 class I obese men), group 3 (15 class II obese men), and group 4 (15 class III obese men). All individuals enrolled in the study were submitted to weight and height measurements with subsequent calculation of body mass index. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants for quantitative determination of blood glucose, serum lipid, TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin levels. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for comparison of variables. In obese subjects of both sexes, it was found that circulating leptin and TNF-α levels were significantly high (P<0.05) and positively correlated to BMI. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin concentrations were significantly low (P<0.05) and inversely correlated to BMI. Regarding gender difference, although serum leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in women than men, men showed higher atherogenic parameters. We conclude that leptin, TNF-α, and adiponectin were related to both BMI and grades of obesity. Furthermore, TNF-α may play a role in obesity.
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