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Mengistu SB, Ali I, Alemu H, Melese EB. Case report: Pellagra presentation with dermatitis and dysphagia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1390180. [PMID: 39045418 PMCID: PMC11263005 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1390180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pellagra is a disorder caused by a deficiency of niacin or tryptophan, manifested by characteristic dermatitis on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Gastrointestinal involvement is common, and symptoms include glossitis, stomatitis, and diarrhea. Neurologic symptoms can occur in some patients, including dementia, anxiety, depression, tremors, hyporeflexia and, in severe cases, encephalopathy. We present the case of a woman with hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis on sun-exposed areas of the skin along with progressive dysphagia. Notably, she did not report diarrhea or any neurologic or psychiatric symptoms. Her symptoms were most consistent with pellagra, and niacin supplementation was initiated, leading to recovery. This case report highlights that dermatitis and dysphagia, the main gastrointestinal manifestations, can be the only symptoms in patients with pellagra, requiring a high index of suspicion in dermatologic settings to diagnose and treat this fatal condition early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segenet Bizuneh Mengistu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Iman Ali
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hiwot Alemu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Dunwoodie SL, Bozon K, Szot JO, Cuny H. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Deficiency and Its Impact on Mammalian Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1108-1132. [PMID: 37300479 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important molecule synthesized from tryptophan or vitamin B3 and involved in numerous cellular reactions. NAD deficiency during pregnancy causes congenital NAD deficiency disorder (CNDD) characterized by multiple congenital malformations and/or miscarriage. Studies in genetically engineered mice replicating mutations found in human patient cases show that CNDD can be prevented by dietary supplements. Recent Advances: A growing number of patient reports show that biallelic loss-of-function of genes involved in NAD de novo synthesis (KYNU, HAAO, NADSYN1) cause CNDD. Other factors that limit the availability of NAD precursors, for example, limited dietary precursor supply or absorption, can cause or contribute to NAD deficiency and result in CNDD in mice. Molecular flux experiments allow quantitative understanding of NAD precursor concentrations in the circulation and their usage by different cells. Studies of NAD-consuming enzymes and contributors to NAD homeostasis help better understand how perturbed NAD levels are implicated in various diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Critical Issues: NAD deficiency is one of the many known causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but its prevalence in the human population and among pregnant women is unknown. Since NAD is involved in hundreds of diverse cellular reactions, determining how NAD deficiency disrupts embryogenesis is an important challenge. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the molecular fluxes between the maternal and embryonic circulation during pregnancy, the NAD-dependent pathways active in the developing embryo, and the molecular mechanisms by which NAD deficiency causes adverse pregnancy outcomes will provide direction for future prevention strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1108-1132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kayleigh Bozon
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin O Szot
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hartmut Cuny
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fu Q, Zhao J, Rong S, Han Y, Liu F, Chu Q, Wang S, Chen S. Research Advances in Plant Protein-Based Products: Protein Sources, Processing Technology, and Food Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15429-15444. [PMID: 37824166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteins are high-quality dietary components of food products. With the growing interest in sustainable and healthy food alternatives, plant proteins have gained significant attention as viable substitutes for animal-based proteins. Understanding the diversity of protein sources derived from plants, novel processing technology, and multiple applications is crucial for developing nutritious and sustainable plant protein-based products. This Review summarizes the natural sources of traditional and emerging plant proteins. The classifications, processing technologies, and applications of plant protein-based products in the food industry are explicitly elucidated. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of plant protein-based food products are revealed. Strategies such as protein fortification and complementation to overcome these shortcomings are critically discussed. We also demonstrate several issues that need to be addressed in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78542, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78542, United States
| | - Shuang Rong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712199, China
| | - Qianmei Chu
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
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Munakata K, Kamata K, Yamanaka K. Gaiter of pellagra. QJM 2023; 116:134-135. [PMID: 36106995 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Munakata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 21-2. Maeda, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi-machi, Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Fukushima 969-3492, Japan
| | - K Kamata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 21-2. Maeda, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi-machi, Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Fukushima 969-3492, Japan and Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata city, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - K Yamanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 21-2. Maeda, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi-machi, Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Fukushima 969-3492, Japan
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Frank JW. Prevention and Control Strategies for Non-Communicable Disease: Goldberger, Pellagra and Rose Revisited. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:191-198. [PMID: 36417251 PMCID: PMC9620930 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper argues that the public health conceptual framework of epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, first published as "Sick Individuals and Sick Populations" in 1985, provides a useful way to critically analyze prevention and control options for modern non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their forerunner, obesity, a pandemic now engulfing Lower-and-Middle-Income-Countries. That framework is based on the notions of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention-the full spectrum of "more upstream and more downstream" approaches, each with its pros and cons. These are illustrated using the pellagra epidemic in the southeastern USA from 1900 to the 1940s, which still has much to teach us about these same basic policy options for controlling the modern NCD pandemic. In particular, Rose's dictum, "Seek the causes of (population) incidence, not of (individual) cases", points up the compelling advantages of upstream prevention for controlling both epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Frank
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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Prasad MVVV, Rao RHR, Veeranna V, Chennupalli VS, Sathish B. Novel Quinolone Derivatives: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022; 91:2522-2526. [PMID: 35068916 PMCID: PMC8763360 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinolone derivatives have been designed and readily synthesized according to a simple protocol including O-alkylation and Claisen rearrangement processes. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The new products have been tested for their antioxidant activity, and two of those demonstrate high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vadde Veeranna
- Department of Chemistry, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, 560083 Karnataka, India
| | | | - Byrappa Sathish
- Department of Chemistry, Apotex pharma India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, 560099 Karnataka, India
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