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Jing L, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao H. Polystyrene microplastics disrupted physical barriers, microbiota composition and immune responses in the cecum of developmental Japanese quails. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:225-235. [PMID: 38802233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics, a new type of emerging pollutant, is ubiquitous in terrestrial and water environments. Microplastics have become a growing concern due to their impacts on the environment, animal, and human health. Birds also suffer from microplastics contamination. In this study, we examined the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) exposure on physical barrier, microbial community, and immune function in the cecum of a model bird species-Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The one-week-old birds were fed on environmentally relevant concentrations of 20 µg/kg, 400 µg/kg, and 8 mg/kg PS-MPs in the diet for 5 weeks. The results showed that microplastics could cause microstructural damages characterized by lamina propria damage and epithelial cell vacuolation and ultrastructural injuries including microvilli breakage and disarrangement as well as mitochondrial vacuolation in the cecum of quails. In particular, blurry tight junctions, wider desmosomes spacing, and gene expression alteration indicated cecal tight junction malfunction. Moreover, mucous layer breakdown and mucin decrease indicated that chemical barrier was disturbed by PS-MPs. PS-MPs also changed cecal microbial diversity. In addition, structural deformation of cecal tonsils and increasing proinflammatory cytokines suggested cecal immune disorder and inflammation responses by PS-MPs exposure. Our results suggested that microplastics negatively affected digestive system and might pose great health risks to terrestrial birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Zhang X, Qi F, Yang J, Xu C. Distribution and ultrastructural characteristics of enteric glial cell in the chicken cecum. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104070. [PMID: 39094494 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cell (EGC) is involved in neuroimmune regulation within the enteric nervous system (ENS); however, limited information exists on the distribution and ultrastructure of EGC in the poultry gut. We aim to investigate the morphological features and distribution of EGC in the chicken cecum. Here, we investigated the distribution and ultrastructural features of chicken cecum EGC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IHC showed that EGC was widely distributed throughout the chicken cecum. In the mucosal layer, EGC was morphologically irregular, with occasionally interconnecting protrusions that outlined signal-negative neurons. The morphology of EGC in the submucosal layer was also irregular. In the inner circular muscle layer and between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers, EGC aligned parallel to the circular muscle cells. A small number of EGC with an irregular morphology were found in the outer longitudinal muscle layer. In addition, in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, EGC were aggregated, and the protrusions of the immunoreactive cells interconnected to outline the bodies of nonreactive neurons. TEM-guided ultrastructural characterization confirmed the IHC findings that EGC were morphologically irregular and revealed they developed either a star, bipolar, or fibrous shape. The nucleus was also irregular, with electron-dense heterochromatin distributed in the center of the nucleus or on the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm contained many glial filaments and vesicle-containing protrusions from neuronal cells; organelles were rare. EGC was in close contact with other cells in their vicinity. These findings suggest that EGC is well-situated to exert influence on intestinal motility and immune functions through mechanical contraction and chemical secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Fenghua Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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Almhanna H, AL-Mahmodi AMM, Kadhim AB, Kumar AAHS. Network and structural analysis of quail mucins with expression pattern of mucin 1 and mucin 4 in the intestines of the Iraqi common quail ( Coturnix coturnix). Vet World 2024; 17:1227-1237. [PMID: 39077459 PMCID: PMC11283604 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1227-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim In avian and other species, mucins (MUCs) play a crucial role in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and constitute a large group of O-glycosylated glycoproteins, are glycoconjugate proteins. MUCs present in two forms: (1) membrane-attached on cell surfaces to repel external threats and (2) detachable, gel-forming proteins in the soluble form. In quail GIT, the specific types of MUCs that are expressed remain largely unknown. We investigated the expression of MUC1 and MUC4 MUCs in the GIT of Iraqi common quails and conducted network and structural analyses of all known MUC types across quail breeds. Materials and Methods Histological and gene expression analyses of MUC1 and MUC4 were conducted using fresh small intestine and large intestine samples from 10 quails. Using the STRING Database, Chimera software, and PrankWeb-ligand binding site prediction tool, network and structural analyses of all reported types of quail MUCs were conducted. Results Most intestinal MUCs in quails were acidic, with few neutral MUCs detectable through Alcian blue and periodic acid-schiff stains. Acidic MUCs were more expressed in the duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon, whereas neutral MUCs were more expressed in the jejunum. MUC1 and MUC4 messenger RNA expression was significantly higher in the jejunum and colon than in the duodenum and ileum. The analysis of the network revealed that MUC 1, 15, 16, and 24 formed homologous networks, while MUC 2, 4, 5, and 6 formed heterologous networks. Specific MUC combinations, including MUC5A-MUC6, MUC5A-MUC5B, and MUC5B-MUC6, show higher intermolecular hydrogen bond formation affinity. MUC15, MUC16, and MUC24 showed minimal interaction with other MUC types. Among the analyzed MUCs, MUC5B, and MUC6 had the highest probability for binding, while MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5A showed lower probabilities despite greater numbers of binding sites. Conclusion This study's results offer significant insights into quails' MUCs' composition, expression, network interactions, and binding sites, advancing knowledge of MUC-related processes in gastrointestinal physiology and their potential connection to gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Almhanna
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Abdulrazzaq B Kadhim
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - aArun H. S. Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Stemcology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Koçak YR, Özaydın T. Histological and histochemical characteristics of the developing chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) cecum. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:778-788. [PMID: 37271871 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Avian ceca play an important role in liquid absorption, cellulose digestion, and defensive mechanism. This study aims to demonstrate histological and histochemical characteristics of developing chicken cecum. For this purpose, 10 embryos on the 18th day of incubation, 10 chicks on hatching day and 10 chicks on the seventh day post-hatching were used. The histological sections prepared from proximal, middle, and distal parts of cecum were stained with Crossmon's triple stain, periodic-acid Schiff, Alcian blue (pH 2.5), Masson-Fontana's argentaffin silver stain and Gordon and Sweets's silver stain. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) were also demonstrated in the sections. In the proximal part, although the villi were rudimentary on the 18th day of incubation, well-developed villi were seen at seventh day post-hatching. In middle and distal parts, while it was seen that rudimentary folds appeared on the 18th day of incubation, mucosal folds were prominent and short villi were formed on the hatching day and seventh day post-hatching. Goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells were detected from the 18th day of incubation. The lymphoid follicles supported with reticular fibres were seen on the seventh day post-hatching in proximal cecum wall. While ACP-ase (+) lymphocytes were rarely observed, more ANAE (+) lymphocytes were in lymphoid follicles. As a result, development of cecum in chickens has been demonstrated by histological techniques in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Raziye Koçak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Özaydın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
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Abumandour M, Shukry M, Lashen S, Kassab M, Kandyle R, Gewaily M, El-Mansi A, El Askary A, Hamoda H, Farrag F. Posthatching ultrastructural development of the oropharyngeal cavity roof in five age-stages of Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:71-91. [PMID: 34313374 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has demonstrated only adult avian palate, albeit there has been only limited focus on the postnatal development of the avian oropharyngeal cavity roof. Hence, the current investigation was designed to obtain the full ultrastructure postnatal description of the oropharyngeal roof during the five developmental age-stages of Coturnix coturnix by employing assessments using gross morphometric analysis and stero and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated triangular oropharyngeal roof has a spoonful rounded beak tip. The palate region is subdivided into the rostral ridged area and the choanal area. The palate has eight longitudinal palatine ridges (seven nonpapillated and one papillated median) and four transverse papillary rows (one slightly oblique row and three transverse papillary crests). The median palatine ridge continuous caudally and is then divided into three ridges: one median and two paramedian ridges (forming the lateral boundaries of the choanal field). The choanal field had three regions (rostral, middle, and caudal). The finger-like projection papillary region has five papillae. The choanal cleft has two unequal parts (rostral and caudal). The rostral nonpapillated short choanal part is subdivided by transverse papillary row into rostral narrow straight and caudal diamond portions. The caudal wide papillated choanal part is further divided by a second transverse crest into rostral long (encircled by interdigitated papillae) and caudal short wider part (not encircled by interdigitated papillae). The infundibular cleft is not bordered by any papillae, while the pharyngeal region has numerous papillae and openings of the salivary glands. Moreover, the morphometric analysis revealed a higher value with increasing age for all dimensions. Our findings indicated a higher degree of functional adaptation between the five developmental age stages of quail. Our observations suggest that adaptations such as these may increase the efficiency of food prehension with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samah Lashen
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Kassab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Kandyle
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Hamoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Abumandour MMA, Farrag FA, El-Mansi A, Lashen SE, Shukry M, Kassab MA, Hamoda HS. Posthatching developmental studies on the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus, 1758) in different five age-stages. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1649-1672. [PMID: 33615616 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study represents the first trial to characterize the ultrastructural of five ages of Coturnix coturnix. Lingual nail had membrane that differ in number among five studied ages. Filiform papillary system had four caudally directed papillae types; small (apex, rostral, and median part of body in 1 day, body in 10 and 20 days), long (apex and rostral part of body in 10 days, tip and two lateral area in 20, 30, 40-days, lateral border in 1 and 10 days, two lateral area of body in 40 days), broad (median area of body in 20, 30, 40 days). Scales on the ventral surface of apex, mound. Lingual sulci on the apex and body without reaching tip in 10, 20, 30, 40-days while, in 1 day the body had ridge caudally. Three papillae on posterior part of lateral border of body. W-shape crest had papillae on its median part while, its lateral part had two giant papillae on each side. Dorsal giant papillae terminated caudally with six processes, while ventral papillae terminated caudally with three processes. The unique root appearance, at 1 day had four papillae while in 10-day, it had one papilla however in 20, 30, 40 days, it had T-shaped ridge. Mound had one longitudinal row on each side of cleft and two transverse papillary rows at its caudal border and additional row at 40-days. Our findings exposed unique structural and functional characterizations of lingual and laryngeal entrance that reflected with feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Foad A Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Elsayed Lashen
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Kassab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hazem S Hamoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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PourhajiMotab J, Rasouli B. Large intestine in pheasant (phasianus colchicus) and see-see partridge (ammoperdix griseogularis). A comparative morphological and histological study. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:512-519. [PMID: 33423321 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and histological studies of the large intestine in birds are essential for necropsy and histopathological examinations. On the other hand, large intestine plays a critical role in the immune system and absorption. The present study's objective was to provide information about the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of the large intestine in see-see partridges (Ammoperdix griseogularis) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). These two members of the Galliformes order are found in large areas of Iran. In this study, ten male see-see partridges and ten male pheasants were randomly selected. Also, the histological studies were carried out on tissue specimens using haematoxylin for staining. In both species, the cecum was visible as two large tubes at the beginning of the rectum. The cecum and rectum's outer surfaces were flat and had no sacculation in both of the birds. Histologically, intestinal villi in all the large intestine parts and increase their height from the base to the apex is remarkable. The muscularis mucosae was distinct, and lymph nodes and Liberkuhn glands were found in all parts of the large intestine, approximately. It can be concluded that the morphology of the large intestine is very similar to the other avian species, but there are more differences in the histological features. These structural features are in full accordance with the bird's habits and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil PourhajiMotab
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmasar, Iran
| | - Babak Rasouli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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AbuAli AM, Mokhtar DM, Ali RA, Wassif ET, Abdalla KEH. Cellular elements in the developing caecum of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): morphological, morphometrical, immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16241. [PMID: 31700017 PMCID: PMC6838329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the histological, histochemical and electron microscopic changes of the caecal proximal part of Japanese quail during both pre- and post-hatching periods starting from the 2nd embryonic day (ED) until four weeks post-hatching. On the 2nd and 3rd ED, the primordia of caeca appeared as bilateral swelling on the wall of the hindgut. On the 7th ED, the lamina propria/submucosa contained the primordia of glands. On the 8th ED, rodlet cells could be observed amongst the epithelial cells. On the 9th ED, the caeca began to divide into three parts with more developed layers. With age, the height and number of villi increased. On the 13th ED, immature microfold cells (M-cells) could be identified between the surface epithelium of the villi. The caecal tonsils (CTs) appeared in the form of aggregations of lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and different types of leukocytes. Telocytes and crypts of Lieberkuhn were observed at this age. On hatching day, the crypts of Lieberkuhn were well-defined and formed of low columnar epithelium, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Post-hatching, the lumen was filled with villi that exhibited two forms: (1) tongue-shaped villi with tonsils and (2) finger-shaped ones without tonsils. The villi lining epithelium contained simple columnar cells with microvilli that were dispersed with many goblet cells, in addition to the presence of a high number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes and basophils. Moreover, the submucosa was infiltrated by numerous immune cells. CD3 immunomarker was expressed in intraepithelial lymphocytes, while CD20 immunomarker showed focal positivity in CTs. In conclusion, the caecal immune structures of quails at post-hatching were more developed than those in pre-hatching life. The high frequency of immune cells suggests that this proximal part may be a site for immunological surveillance in the quail caecum. The cellular organisation of the caecum and its relation to the immunity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalaa M AbuAli
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Reda A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ekbal T Wassif
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - K E H Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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