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Lauko K, Nesterowicz M, Trocka D, Dańkowska K, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Novel Properties of Old Propranolol-Assessment of Antiglycation Activity through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27559-27577. [PMID: 38947802 PMCID: PMC11209686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension has earned the "silent killer" nickname since it may lead to a number of comorbidities, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and protein glycation play vital roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Several studies have shown that they profoundly account for vascular dysfunction, endothelial damage, and disruption of blood pressure regulatory mechanisms. Of particular note are advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs alter vascular tissues' functional and mechanical properties by binding to receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), stimulating inflammation and free radical-mediated pathways. Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is one of the most commonly used drugs to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Our study is the first to analyze propranolol's effects on protein glycoxidation through in vitro and in silico approaches. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was utilized to evaluate glycoxidation inhibition by propranolol. Propranolol (1 mM) and BSA (0.09 mM) were incubated with different glycating (0.5 M glucose, fructose, and galactose for 6 days and 2.5 mM glyoxal and methylglyoxal for 12 h) or oxidizing agents (chloramine T for 1 h). Biomarkers of protein glycation (Amadori products (APs), β-amyloid (βA), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)), protein glycoxidation (dityrosine (DT), kynurenine (KYN), and N-formylkynurenine (NFK)), protein oxidation (protein carbonyls (PCs), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs)) were measured by means of colorimetric and fluorimetric methods. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and nitric oxide) and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assays)) of propranolol were also evaluated. Additionally, in silico docking was performed to showcase propranolol's interaction with BSA, glycosides, and AGE/RAGE pathway proteins. The products of protein glycation (↓APs, ↓βA, ↓AGEs), glycoxidation (↓DT, ↓KYN, ↓NFK), and oxidation (↓PCs, ↓AOPPs) prominently decreased in the BSA samples with both glycating/oxidizing factors and propranolol. The antiglycoxidant properties of propranolol were similar to those of aminoguanidine, a known protein oxidation inhibitor, and captopril, which is an established antioxidant. Propranolol showed a potent antioxidant activity in the FIC and H2O2 scavenging assays, comparable to aminoguanidine and captopril. In silico analysis indicated propranolol's antiglycative properties during its interaction with BSA, glycosidases, and AGE/RAGE pathway proteins. Our results confirm that propranolol may decrease protein oxidation and glycoxidation in vitro. Additional studies on human and animal models are vital for in vivo verification of propranolol's antiglycation activity, as this discovery might hold the key to the prevention of diabetic complications among cardiology-burdened patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil
Klaudiusz Lauko
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Daria Trocka
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Karolina Dańkowska
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and
Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental
Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street , Bialystok 15-274, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and
Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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Lazic A, Balint V, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D, Peric M, Stevanovic M. Reactive and Senescent Astroglial Phenotypes as Hallmarks of Brain Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094995. [PMID: 35563385 PMCID: PMC9100382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, as the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, are tightly integrated into neural networks and participate in numerous aspects of brain physiology and pathology. They are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, and the loss of astrocyte physiological functions and/or gain of pro-inflammatory functions, due to their reactivation or cellular senescence, can have profound impacts on the surrounding microenvironment with pathological outcomes. Although the importance of astrocytes is generally recognized, and both senescence and reactive astrogliosis have been extensively reviewed independently, there are only a few comparative overviews of these complex processes. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding astrocyte reactivation and senescence, and outline similarities and differences between these phenotypes from morphological, functional, and molecular points of view. A special focus has been given to neurodegenerative diseases, where these phenotypic alternations of astrocytes are significantly implicated. We also summarize current perspectives regarding new advances in model systems based on astrocytes as well as data pointing to these glial cells as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Balint
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Peric
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Canet G, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Chevallier N, Marchi N, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. Chronic Glucocorticoids Consumption Triggers and Worsens Experimental Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology by Detrimental Immune Modulations. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:982-997. [PMID: 34923495 DOI: 10.1159/000521559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the risk factors identified in the sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), environmental and lifestyle elements are of growing interest. Clinical observations suggest that stressful events can anticipate AD onset, while stress-related disorders can promote AD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a chronic treatment with glucocorticoids is sufficient to trigger or exacerbate AD molecular hallmarks. METHODS We first validated a rat model of experimental chronic glucocorticoids (GC) consumption (corticosterone [CORT] in drinking water for 4 weeks). Then, to evaluate the consequences of chronic GC consumption on the onset of amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, animals chronically treated with GC were intracerebroventricularly injected with an oligomeric solution of Aβ25-35 (oAβ) (acute model of AD). We evaluated AD-related cognitive deficits and pathogenic mechanisms, with a special emphasis on neuroinflammatory markers. RESULTS Chronic CORT consumption caused the inhibition of the nonamyloidogenic pathways, the impairment of Aβ clearance processes and the induction of amyloidogenic pathways in the hippocampus. The principal enzymes involved in glucocorticoid receptor activation and Tau phosphorylation were upregulated. Importantly, the AD-like phenotype triggered by chronic CORT was analogous to the one caused by oAβ. These molecular commonalities across models were independent from inflammation, as chronic CORT was immunosuppressive while oAβ was pro-inflammatory. When chronic CORT consumption anticipated the induction of the oAβ pathology, we found a potentiation of neuroinflammatory processes associated with an exacerbation of synaptic and memory deficits but also an aggravation of AD-related hallmarks. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study unravels new functional outcomes identifying chronic CORT consumption as a main risk factor for AD and suggests that glucocorticoid-based therapies should be prescribed with caution in populations with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Hernandez
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Institute of Functional Genomics, UMR CNRS-5203, INSERM-U1191, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, P-9717, Québec, Québec, Canada
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McCallum RT, Perreault ML. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092270. [PMID: 34571919 PMCID: PMC8470361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling deficits induced by the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced T cell differentiation. Such signaling deficits include the glutamatergic, cholinergic, insulin, and neurotrophin systems, which work in concert to initiate and advance the neuropathology. Fundamental to the communication between such systems is the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifaceted protein critically linked to the etiology of MDD and an emerging target to treat pathogenic inflammation. Here, a consolidated overview of the widespread multi-system involvement of GSK-3 in contributing to the neuropathology of MDD will be discussed, with the feed-forward mechanistic links between all major neuronal signaling pathways highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Melissa L. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 52013)
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Targeting impaired nutrient sensing with repurposed therapeutics to prevent or treat age-related cognitive decline and dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101302. [PMID: 33609776 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a debilitating syndrome that significantly impacts individuals over the age of 65 years. There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for dementia. Impairment of nutrient sensing pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia, and may offer a novel treatment approach for dementia. AIMS This systematic review collates all available evidence for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutics that modify nutrient sensing in the context of preventing cognitive decline or improving cognition in ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia populations. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using key search terms focusing on available therapeutics such as 'metformin', 'GLP1', 'insulin' and the dementias including 'Alzheimer's disease' and 'Parkinson's disease'. Articles were screened using Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool v 2.0 for human studies and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. RESULTS Out of 2619 articles, 114 were included describing 31 different 'modulation of nutrient sensing pathway' therapeutics, 13 of which specifically were utilized in human interventional trials for normal ageing or dementia. Growth hormone secretagogues improved cognitive outcomes in human mild cognitive impairment, and potentially normal ageing populations. In animals, all investigated therapeutic classes exhibited some cognitive benefits in dementia models. While the risk of bias was relatively low in human studies, this risk in animal studies was largely unclear. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of nutrient sensing pathway therapeutics, particularly growth hormone secretagogues, have the potential to improve cognitive outcomes. Overall, there is a clear lack of translation from animal models to human populations.
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Casaril AM, Lourenço DDA, Domingues M, Smaniotto TÂ, Birmann PT, Vieira B, Sonego MS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. Anhedonic- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and neurochemical alterations are abolished by a single administration of a selenium-containing compound in chronically stressed mice. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100054. [PMID: 35757368 PMCID: PMC9216694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma Taborda Birmann
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Sonego
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Corticosteroid-binding-globulin (CBG)-deficient mice show high pY216-GSK3β and phosphorylated-Tau levels in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246930. [PMID: 33592009 PMCID: PMC7886218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is the specific carrier of circulating glucocorticoids, but evidence suggests that it also plays an active role in modulating tissue glucocorticoid activity. CBG polymorphisms affecting its expression or affinity for glucocorticoids are associated with chronic pain, chronic fatigue, headaches, depression, hypotension, and obesity with an altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. CBG has been localized in hippocampus of humans and rodents, a brain area where glucocorticoids have an important regulatory role. However, the specific CBG function in the hippocampus is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the absence of CBG on hippocampal glucocorticoid levels and determine whether pathways regulated by glucocorticoids would be altered. We used cbg-/- mice, which display low total-corticosterone and high free-corticosterone blood levels at the nadir of corticosterone secretion (morning) and at rest to evaluate the hippocampus for total- and free-corticosterone levels; 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression and activity; the expression of key proteins involved in glucocorticoid activity and insulin signaling; microtubule-associated protein tau phosphorylation, and neuronal and synaptic function markers. Our results revealed that at the nadir of corticosterone secretion in the resting state the cbg-/- mouse hippocampus exhibited slightly elevated levels of free-corticosterone, diminished FK506 binding protein 5 expression, increased corticosterone downstream effectors and altered MAPK and PI3K pathway with increased pY216-GSK3β and phosphorylated tau. Taken together, these results indicate that CBG deficiency triggers metabolic imbalance which could lead to damage and long-term neurological pathologies.
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Lebouvier T, Chen Y, Duriez P, Pasquier F, Bordet R. Antihypertensive agents in Alzheimer's disease: beyond vascular protection. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 20:175-187. [PMID: 31869274 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1708195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Midlife hypertension has been consistently linked with increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Observational studies and randomized trials show that the use of antihypertensive therapy is associated with a lesser incidence or prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, whether antihypertensive agents specifically target the pathological process of AD remains elusive.Areas covered: This review of literature provides an update on the clinical and preclinical arguments supporting anti-AD properties of antihypertensive drugs. The authors focused on validated all classes of antihypertensive treatments such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), β-blockers, diuretics, neprilysin inhibitors, and other agents. Three main mechanisms can be advocated: action on the concurrent vascular pathology, action on the vascular component of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, and action on nonvascular targets.Expert opinion: In 2019, while there is no doubt that hypertension should be treated in primary prevention of vascular disease and in secondary prevention of stroke and mixed dementia, the place of antihypertensive agents in the secondary prevention of 'pure' AD remains an outstanding question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Lebouvier
- Inserm URM_S1172, University of Lille, Lille, France.,DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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The selenium-containing compound 3-((4-chlorophenyl)selanyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole reverses depressive-like behavior induced by acute restraint stress in mice: modulation of oxido-nitrosative stress and inflammatory pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2867-2880. [PMID: 30610349 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Stress-induced alterations in oxidative and inflammatory parameters have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Based on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the selenium-containing compound 3-((4-chlorophenyl)selanyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI), we assessed its ability to reverse depression-like behavioral alterations, neuroinflammation, and oxidative imbalance induced by acute restraint stress. METHODS Mice submitted to restraint for 240 min received CMI (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally) 10 min after the end of the stress induction. Behavioral and biochemical tests were carried out after further 30 min. RESULTS Restraint-induced depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST), splash test, and new object exploration test was reversed by CMI. None of the treatments evoked locomotor alteration. In addition, CMI abrogated restraint-induced increases in plasma levels of corticosterone and in markers of oxidative stress and impaired superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). CMI also blocked stress-induced downregulation of mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis alpha, indoelamine-2,3-dioxygenase, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in PFC and HC. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results indicate that administration of selenium-containing compounds might help to treat depression associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Ciprés-Flores FJ, Segura-Uribe JJ, Orozco-Suárez S, Guerra-Araiza C, Guevara-Salazar JA, Castillo-García EL, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Farfán-García ED. Beta-blockers and salbutamol limited emotional memory disturbance and damage induced by orchiectomy in the rat hippocampus. Life Sci 2019; 224:128-137. [PMID: 30905783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ligands of beta-adrenoceptors in cognitive disorders. Testosterone and adrenergic pathways are involved in hippocampal and emotional memory. Moreover, is strongly suggested that androgen diminishing in aging is involved in cognitive deficit, as well as beta-adrenoceptors, particularly beta2-adrenoceptor, participate in the adrenergic modulation of memory. In this regard, some animal models of memory disruption have shown improved performance after beta-drug administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this work, we evaluated the effects of agonists (isoproterenol and salbutamol) and antagonists (propranolol and carvedilol) on beta-adrenoceptors in orchiectomized rats, as well as their effects in the performance on avoidance task and damage in hippocampal neurons by immunohistochemistry assays. KEY FINDINGS Surprisingly, we found that both antagonists and salbutamol (but not isoproterenol) modulate the effects of hormone deprivation, improving memory and decreasing neuronal death and amyloid-beta related changes in some regions (particularly CA1-3 and dentate gyrus) of rat hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Two β-antagonists and one β2-agonist modulated the effects of hormone deprivation on memory and damage in brain. The mechanisms of signaling of these drugs for beneficial effects remain unclear, even if used β-ARs ligands share a weak activity on β-arrestin/ERK-pathway activation which can be involved in these effects as we proposed in this manuscript. Our observations could be useful for understanding effects suggested of adrenergic drugs to modulate emotional memory. But also, our results could be related to other pathologies involving neuronal death and Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola J Ciprés-Flores
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia J Segura-Uribe
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Guevara-Salazar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily L Castillo-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Eunice D Farfán-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Xia Q, Wang H, Yin H, Yang Z. Excessive corticosterone induces excitotoxicity of hippocampal neurons and sensitivity of potassium channels via insulin-signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:119-128. [PMID: 30284676 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Corticosterone (CORT) is a kind of corticosteroid produced by cortex of adrenal glands. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction leads to excessive CORT, which is associated with depression. Few studies have investigated the role of CORT in voltage-gated ion channels and its upstream signaling pathway in central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of excessive CORT resulting in brain impairment on voltage-gated ion channels, and its upstream signaling effectors in hippocampal CA1 neurons. The action potential (AP) and voltage-gated potassium currents were determined by using whole-cell patch-clamp. Insulin and CORT improved the neuronal excitability. Independent effects existed in transient potassium channel (IA) and delay rectifier potassium channel (IK). The inhibition of potassium currents, IA in our experiment, could increase neuronal excitability. CORT led to the excitotoxicity of hippocampal neurons via phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated insulin-signaling pathway. Therefore, the stimulation of excessive CORT induces excitotoxicity of hippocampal neurons and sensitivity of potassium channels via PI3K-mediated insulin-signaling pathway, which indicates one possible way of depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xia
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongqiang Yin
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Tsatsakis AM, Docea AO, Calina D, Buga AM, Zlatian O, Gutnikov S, Kostoff RN, Aschner M. Hormetic Neurobehavioral effects of low dose toxic chemical mixtures in real-life risk simulation (RLRS) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:141-149. [PMID: 30594548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the long-term effects of very low dose exposures to a complex chemical mixture on motor performance and behavioural changes in rats. For twelve months (equivalent to thirty years in human terms), four groups of Sprague Dawley rats (five males and five females per group) were exposed to a thirteen chemical mixture (in drinking water) in doses of 0, 0.25, 1 and 5xADI/TDI (acceptable daily intake/tolerable daily intake) (mg/kg body weight/day). After twelve month exposure, the rats' motor performances were assessed by rotarod test, and their behavioural changes were assessed by open field exploratory test and elevated plus maze test. Exposure to the chemical mixture resulted in a statistically significant increase in the locomotor activity quantified by the number of crossings over external squares and in the spatial orientation activity quantified as the number of rearings in the lower dose group (0.25xADI/TDI) compared with the control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the two higher dose groups (1xADI/TDI, 5xADI/TDI) compared with the control group. The administration of a very low doses of a cocktail of 13 chemicals led to a dose-dependent stimulation of the nervous system, rather than its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Sergei Gutnikov
- Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ronald N Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einsten College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Wu C, Gong WG, Wang YJ, Sun JJ, Zhou H, Zhang ZJ, Ren QG. Escitalopram alleviates stress-induced Alzheimer's disease-like tau pathologies and cognitive deficits by reducing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and insulin/GSK-3β signal pathway activity. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:137-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Neuroprotective evidence of alpha-lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on memory deficit in a neuroendocrine model of depression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:803-817. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Jope RS, Cheng Y, Lowell JA, Worthen RJ, Sitbon YH, Beurel E. Stressed and Inflamed, Can GSK3 Be Blamed? Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:180-192. [PMID: 27876551 PMCID: PMC5336482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress has a pervasive influence on our lives. In many cases adapting to stress strengthens organisms, but chronic or severe stress is usually harmful. One surprising outcome of psychological stress is the activation of an inflammatory response that resembles inflammation caused by infection or trauma. Excessive psychological stress and the consequential inflammation in the brain can increase susceptibility to psychiatric diseases, such as depression, and impair learning and memory, including in some patients with cognitive deficits. An emerging target to control detrimental outcomes of stress and inflammation is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). GSK3 promotes inflammation, partly by regulating key transcription factors in the inflammation signaling pathway, and GSK3 can impair learning by promoting inflammation and by inhibiting long-term potentiation (LTP). Drugs inhibiting GSK3 may prove beneficial for controlling mood and cognitive impairments caused by excessive stress and the associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Yuyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Lowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ryan J Worthen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eleonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Darcet F, Gardier AM, Gaillard R, David DJ, Guilloux JP. Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder. A Translational Review in Animal Models of the Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010009. [PMID: 26901205 PMCID: PMC4812373 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. In addition to the well-defined depressive symptoms, patients suffering from MDD consistently complain about cognitive disturbances, significantly exacerbating the burden of this illness. Among cognitive symptoms, impairments in attention, working memory, learning and memory or executive functions are often reported. However, available data about the heterogeneity of MDD patients and magnitude of cognitive symptoms through the different phases of MDD remain difficult to summarize. Thus, the first part of this review briefly overviewed clinical studies, focusing on the cognitive dysfunctions depending on the MDD type. As animal models are essential translational tools for underpinning the mechanisms of cognitive deficits in MDD, the second part of this review synthetized preclinical studies observing cognitive deficits in different rodent models of anxiety/depression. For each cognitive domain, we determined whether deficits could be shared across models. Particularly, we established whether specific stress-related procedures or unspecific criteria (such as species, sex or age) could segregate common cognitive alteration across models. Finally, the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents in cognitive dysfunctions during MDD state was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Darcet
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Raphael Gaillard
- Laboratoire de "Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques", Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences U894, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
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18
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Lee B, Sur B, Cho SG, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effect of Beta-Asarone on Impairment of Spatial Working Memory and Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Rats Exposed to Chronic Corticosterone Administration. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:571-81. [PMID: 26535083 PMCID: PMC4624074 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
β-asarone (BAS) is an active component of Acori graminei rhizoma, a traditional medicine used clinically in treating dementia and chronic stress in Korea. However, the cognitive effects of BAS and its mechanism of action have remained elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BAS improved spatial cognitive impairment induced in rats following chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration. CORT administration (40 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) resulted in cognitive impairment in the avoidance conditioning test (AAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test that was reversed by BAS (200 mg/kg, i.p). Additionally, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis, the administration of BAS significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampus. Also, BAS administration significantly restored the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs in the hippocampus. Thus, BAS may be an effective therapeutic for learning and memory disturbances, and its neuroprotective effect was mediated, in part, by normalizing the CORT response, resulting in regulation of BDNF and CREB functions and anti-apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Sur
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Guk Cho
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
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19
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Gannon M, Che P, Chen Y, Jiao K, Roberson ED, Wang Q. Noradrenergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:220. [PMID: 26136654 PMCID: PMC4469831 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain noradrenergic system supplies the neurotransmitter norepinephrine throughout the brain via widespread efferent projections, and plays a pivotal role in modulating cognitive activities in the cortex. Profound noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed for decades, with recent research suggesting that the locus coeruleus (where noradrenergic neurons are mainly located) is a predominant site where AD-related pathology begins. Mounting evidence indicates that the loss of noradrenergic innervation greatly exacerbates AD pathogenesis and progression, although the precise roles of noradrenergic components in AD pathogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings on noradrenergic dysfunction in AD, as well as to point out deficiencies in our knowledge where more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gannon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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