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Shatat AAS, Mahgoup EM, Rashed MH, Saleh IG, Akool ES. Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2. [PMID: 38801618 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz S Shatat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim G Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kato T, Sakurai M, Watanabe K, Mizukami Y, Nakagawa T, Baba K, Mizuno T, Igase M. Identification of hypoxia-induced metabolism-associated genes in canine tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38712488 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Canine tumours including urothelial carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, mammary gland tumour, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma have been identified as causes of death, but effective therapies are limited due to insufficient knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved. Within the tumour microenvironment, hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in tumour cells. High HIF1α expression correlates with enhanced glycolysis and poorer outcomes in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic tumour cells remain elusive in dogs. In our study, we investigated upregulated genes in a canine malignant melanoma cell line during hypoxia using RNA-sequencing analysis. Glycolysis and HIF1 signalling pathways were upregulated in hypoxic melanoma cells. HIF1α knockout melanoma cells revealed that the glycolysis marker MCT4 is regulated by HIF1α activation. Hypoxia induces high lactate secretion due to enhanced glycolysis in canine melanoma cells. Furthermore, we examined monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in malignant melanoma and eight other types of canine tumour tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Membrane-localized MCT4 protein was mostly detected in urothelial carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma rather than malignant melanoma. We conclude that canine MCT4 protein plays a role in lactic acid efflux from glycolytic cells and may serve as a marker for hypoxia and glycolysis in canine tumours. These findings could inform future therapeutic strategies targeting MCT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Baba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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Namgung B, Dai H, Prathyushaa Vikraman P, Saha T, Sengupta S, Lin Jang H. An inexpensive "do-it-yourself" device for rapid generation of uniform tumor spheroids. DEVICE 2024; 2:100255. [PMID: 38617078 PMCID: PMC11008532 DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell culture models such as tumor spheroids better recapitulate in vivo tumors than conventional two-dimensional (2D) models. However, two major challenges limit the routine use of 3D tumor spheroids. Firstly, most existing methods of generating tumor spheroids are not high-throughput. Secondly, tumor spheroids generated using current methods are highly variable in dimension. Here, we describe a simple 'Do-It-Yourself (DIY)' device that can be assembled for less than $7 of parts and generate uniform tumor spheroids in a high-throughput manner. We used a simple phone coin vibrating motor to superimpose the vibration for breaking a laminar jet of cell-loaded alginate solution into equally sized spherical beads. We generated 3,970 tumor spheroids/min, which exhibited a hypoxic core recapitulating in vivo tumors and could be used to test the diffusion efficacy of anticancer drugs. Such low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, simple-to-operate systems with high-throughput outcomes are essential to democratize and standardize cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumseok Namgung
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongqing Dai
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Pooja Prathyushaa Vikraman
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Tanmoy Saha
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hae Lin Jang
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ullah A, Shehzadi S, Ullah N, Nawaz T, Iqbal H, Aziz T. Hypoxia A Typical Target in Human Lung Cancer Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:376-385. [PMID: 38031268 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037252820231114045234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and molecular etiology of LC is perilous for the development of active treatment approaches. Hypoxia in cancer is linked with malignancy, and its phenotype is implicated in the hypoxic reaction, which is being studied as a prospective cancer treatment target. The hypervascularization of the tumor is the main feature of human LC, and hypoxia is a major stimulator of neo-angiogenesis. It was seen that low oxygen levels in human LC are a critical aspect of this lethal illness. However, as there is a considerable body of literature espousing the presumed functional relevance of hypoxia in LC, the direct measurement of oxygen concentration in Human LC is yet to be determined. This narrative review aims to show the importance and as a future target for novel research studies that can lead to the perception of LC therapy in hypoxic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR, China
| | - Touseef Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
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Jaśkiewicz M, Moszyńska A, Gebert M, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. EPAS1 resistance to miRNA-based regulation contributes to prolonged expression of HIF-2 during hypoxia in human endothelial cells. Gene 2023; 868:147376. [PMID: 36934786 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellular adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia inducible factors: HIF-1 and HIF-2. HIF-1 mediates response to acute hypoxia, whereas HIF-2 allows adaptation to chronic oxygen deprivation. The hypoxic transition from HIF-1 to HIF-2 is possible due to the low stability of HIF-1α subunit transcript (HIF1A) and the stable mRNA of HIF-2α (EPAS1). Notably, although many micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that regulate endothelial HIF-1 levels during hypoxia have been identified, in case of HIF-2, no analogous ones have been found so far. In this work, using different methods, we tested 23 microRNA that were predicted to interact with the EPAS1 transcript (18 of which were induced during prolonged hypoxia), and we demonstrated that none of them were functional in vitro. This suggests that HIF-2α transcript is much less prone to miRNA-related destabilization during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- International Research Agenda 3P- Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relation with Aggressiveness and Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030451. [PMID: 36766555 PMCID: PMC9914882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis in several cancer types. There is however conflicting evidence of HIF-1α expression with oral cancer prognosis. Therefore, this study set out to investigate HIF-1α overexpression and its relationship with the aggressiveness and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the diagnostic potential of HIF-1α overexpression in OSCC in a cohort of Pakistani patients. Immunostaining of HIF-1α was performed on 54 OSCC and 14 normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissue samples and various cut-offs were used to evaluate its immunohistochemical expression. HIF-1α expression in OSCC samples was significantly higher than in controls, with minimal immunoreactivity in NOM. HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.046). However, no association was found between HIF-1α overexpression and increasing Broder's histological grade or TNM stage. The cut-off >10% cells with moderate to marked intensity carried a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100% to distinguish between tumor and control. ROC curve analysis of HIF-1α weighted histoscores showedHIF-1α overexpression as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.833). HIF-1α overexpression is a tumor-specific finding associated with increased tumor size and carries a potential diagnostic role.
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Li GM, Xiao GZ, Qin PF, Wan XY, Fu YJ, Zheng YH, Luo MY, Ren DL, Liu SP, Chen HX, Lin HC. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment between Young-Onset and Old-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121860. [PMID: 36551288 PMCID: PMC9776336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. Compared with old-onset colorectal cancer (oCRC), yCRC has different clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the difference in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between yCRC and oCRC remains unclear. METHODS Fourteen untreated CRC tumor samples were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS B cells and naïve T cells are enriched in yCRC, while effector T cells and plasma cells are enriched in oCRC. Effector T cells of yCRC show decreased interferon-gamma response and proliferative activity; meanwhile, Treg cells in yCRC show stronger oxidative phosphorylation and TGF-β signaling than that in oCRC. The down-regulated immune response of T cells in yCRC may be regulated by immune and malignant cells, as we observed a downregulation of antigen presentation and immune activations in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Finally, we identified malignant cells in yCRC and oCRC with high heterogeneity and revealed their interactions with immune cells in the TME. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal significant differences of TME between yCRC and oCRC, of which the TME of yCRC is more immunosuppressive than oCRC. Malignant cells play an essential role in the formation of the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ming Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xing-Yang Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yuan-Ji Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yi-Hui Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Min-Yi Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dong-Lin Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Shi-Ping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (H.-X.C.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +86-15915815776 (H.-C.L.); Fax: +86-20-38254221 (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hua-Xian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (H.-X.C.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +86-15915815776 (H.-C.L.); Fax: +86-20-38254221 (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hong-Cheng Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (H.-X.C.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +86-15915815776 (H.-C.L.); Fax: +86-20-38254221 (H.-C.L.)
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Altememy D, Mohammadi Arvejeh P, Amini Chermahini F, Alizadeh A, Mazarei M, Khosravian P. A comparative study of combination treatments in metastatic 4t1 cells: everolimus and 5- fluorouracil versus lithium chloride and 5-fluorouracil. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e85358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Combination therapy has been one of the most pioneering and strategic approaches implemented for malignancy treatment, which can intentionally influence multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer growth and progression. In the present study, the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in combination with everolimus (EVE) or lithium chloride (LiCl) were evaluated in 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells and compared to control and each other.
Methods and results: The resazurin assay, CompuSyn, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR were used to investigate cell proliferation, drug synergism, apoptosis, and gene expression. In comparison to the ternary combination of the drugs, the findings showed that cytotoxicity (p-value < 0.0001) and apoptosis (p-value < 0.0001) of two-by-two combinations increased dramatically as a consequence of the extreme synergy between 5FU and EVE or LiCl. Moreover, the hypoxiainducible transcription factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downregulated considerably compared to control (p-value < 0.0001) by combination therapies of EVE-5FU and 5FU-LiCl; however, only VEGF displayed significant downregulation in comparison to single therapies.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the combination of 5FU-LiCl increased cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis significantly more than EVE-5FU but suggests a clinical potential for both to treat metastatic breast cancer encouraging validation of these results in pre-clinical models.
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MicroRNA-574-3p Regulates HIF-α Isoforms Promoting Gastric Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Targeting CUL2. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3714-3724. [PMID: 34655362 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely validated as potential biomarkers for cancer treatment and diagnosis. AIMS This paper intends to study the effect and specific mechanism of miR-574-3p/CUL2 axis in GC. METHODS The miR-574-3p expression in GC tissues and cell lines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GC cell (N87) proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by the Brdu assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The tumor xenotransplantation model was established in vivo to test the effect of miR-574-3p or Cullin 2 (CUL2) on tumor growth. The relationship between miR-574-3p and CUL2 was predicated by bioinformatic analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP experiment. The expression of CUL2, hypoxia-induced transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) as well as E-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin was monitored by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS miR-574-3p was overexpressed in GC tissues and cells. Forced upregulation of miR-574-3p enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells (N87), while downregulation of miR-574-3p resulted in reverse effects. Additionally, miR-574-3p promoted N87 cells growth and EMT in vivo. CUL2 was negatively regulated by miR-574-3p in N87 cells, and upregulation of CUL2 repressed the malignant behaviors of N87 cells. Moreover, CUL2 directly interacted with HIF-1α and suppressed HIF-1α expression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-574-3p targeted CUL2 to upregulate HIF-1α, thus facilitating the progression of GC.
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Wang L, Gao X, Tang X, Xu J, Zhou J, Li L, Zou Y, Wu M, Xu L, Lin P, Yao D, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Chen D, Ye C. SENP1 protects cisplatin-induced AKI by attenuating apoptosis through regulation of HIF-1α. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113281. [PMID: 35839862 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome with both high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of AKI is still largely unknown. The role of SENP1 in AKI is unclear, while one of its substrates, HIF-1α possesses nephroprotective effect in AKI. Herein, this study aimed to reveal the role of SENP1/HIF-1α axis in AKI by using both cell and animal models. METHODS We investigated the effects of AKI on SENP1 expression using clinical samples, and cisplatin-induced AKI model based on mice or HK-2 cells. The influence of SENP1 knockdown or over-expression on cisplatin-induced AKI was studied in vitro and in vivo. Following the exploration of the change in HIF-1α expression brought by AKI, the synergistic effects of SENP1 knockdown and HIF-1α over-expression on AKI were examined. RESULTS The results showed the up-regulation of SENP1 in clinical specimens, as well as cell and animal models. The knockdown or over-expression of SENP1 in HK-2 cells could promote or inhibit AKI through regulating cell apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, SENP1+/- mice suffered from much more serious AKI compared with mice in wild type group. Furthermore, we found that HIF-1α over-expression could attenuate the promoted cell apoptosis as well as AKI induced by SENP1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS we showed that SENP1 provided protection for kidney in AKI via regulating cell apoptosis and through the regulation of HIF-1α. This study could benefit for the understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and provide potential therapeutic target for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 YanChang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of PLA, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 FengYang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaojing Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of PLA, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 FengYang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of PLA, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 FengYang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of PLA, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 FengYang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pinglan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 ZhangHeng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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11
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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12
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Kaisrlikova M, Vesela J, Kundrat D, Votavova H, Dostalova Merkerova M, Krejcik Z, Divoky V, Jedlicka M, Fric J, Klema J, Mikulenkova D, Stastna Markova M, Lauermannova M, Mertova J, Soukupova Maaloufova J, Jonasova A, Cermak J, Belickova M. RUNX1 mutations contribute to the progression of MDS due to disruption of antitumor cellular defense: a study on patients with lower-risk MDS. Leukemia 2022; 36:1898-1906. [PMID: 35505182 PMCID: PMC9252911 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS) have a generally favorable prognosis; however, a small proportion of cases progress rapidly. This study aimed to define molecular biomarkers predictive of LR-MDS progression and to uncover cellular pathways contributing to malignant transformation. The mutational landscape was analyzed in 214 LR-MDS patients, and at least one mutation was detected in 137 patients (64%). Mutated RUNX1 was identified as the main molecular predictor of rapid progression by statistics and machine learning. To study the effect of mutated RUNX1 on pathway regulation, the expression profiles of CD34 + cells from LR-MDS patients with RUNX1 mutations were compared to those from patients without RUNX1 mutations. The data suggest that RUNX1-unmutated LR-MDS cells are protected by DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms and cellular senescence as an antitumor cellular barrier, while RUNX1 mutations may be one of the triggers of malignant transformation. Dysregulated DDR and cellular senescence were also observed at the functional level by detecting γH2AX expression and β-galactosidase activity. Notably, the expression profiles of RUNX1-mutated LR-MDS resembled those of higher-risk MDS at diagnosis. This study demonstrates that incorporating molecular data improves LR-MDS risk stratification and that mutated RUNX1 is associated with a suppressed defense against LR-MDS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaisrlikova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vesela
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kundrat
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Votavova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdenek Krejcik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Divoky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Jedlicka
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klema
- Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mikulenkova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jolana Mertova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anna Jonasova
- First Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Cermak
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Belickova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic. .,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Gene Therapy Using Nanocarriers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Applications and Challenges in Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010137. [PMID: 35057033 PMCID: PMC8780888 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. PDAC often shows resistance to several therapeutic modalities and a higher recurrence rate after surgical treatment in the early localized stage. Combination chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer has minimal impact on overall survival. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising tool for regulating target genes to achieve sequence-specific gene silencing. Here, we summarize RNAi-based therapeutics using nanomedicine-based delivery systems that are currently being tested in clinical trials and are being developed for the treatment of PDAC. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing has been widely used for the development of cancer models as a genetic screening tool for the identification and validation of therapeutic targets, as well as for potential cancer therapeutics. This review discusses current advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its application to PDAC research. Continued progress in understanding the PDAC tumor microenvironment and nanomedicine-based gene therapy will improve the clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC.
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14
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Filimon A, Preda IA, Boloca AF, Negroiu G. Interleukin-8 in Melanoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Therapy-An Integrated View into Other Neoplasms and Chemokine Networks. Cells 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 35011682 PMCID: PMC8750532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma accounts for only about 7% of skin cancers but is causing almost 90% of deaths. Melanoma cells have a distinct repertoire of mutations from other cancers, a high plasticity and degree of mimicry toward vascular phenotype, stemness markers, versatility in evading and suppress host immune control. They exert a significant influence on immune, endothelial and various stromal cells which form tumor microenvironment. The metastatic stage, the leading cause of mortality in this neoplasm, is the outcome of a complex, still poorly understood, cross-talk between tumor and other cell phenotypes. There is accumulating evidence that Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is emblematic for advanced melanomas. This work aimed to present an updated status of IL-8 in melanoma tumor cellular complexity, through a comprehensive analysis including data from other chemokines and neoplasms. The multiple processes and mechanisms surveyed here demonstrate that IL-8 operates following orchestrated programs within signaling webs in melanoma, stromal and vascular cells. Importantly, the yet unknown molecularity regulating IL-8 impact on cells of the immune system could be exploited to overturn tumor fate. The molecular and cellular targets of IL-8 should be brought into the attention of even more intense scientific exploration and valorization in the therapeutical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Negroiu
- Group of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.A.P.); (A.F.B.)
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15
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Taeb S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rezapoor S, Musa AE, Farhood B, Najafi M. Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Radiotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:18-30. [PMID: 34951575 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666211224154952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disorder that involves several elements of both the tumor and the host stromal cells. At present, the complex relationship between the various factors presents in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells, as well as immune cells located within the TME, is still poorly known. Within the TME, the crosstalk of these factors and immune cells essentially determines how a tumor reacts to the treatment and how the tumor can ultimately be destroyed, remain dormant, or develop and metastasize. Also, in TME, reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) intensifies the proliferation capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are subpopulation of cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and repair DNA damage. These characteristics make CSCs develop resistance to a variety of treatments, such as radiotherapy (RT). RT is a frequent and often curative treatment for local cancer which mediates tumor elimination by cytotoxic actions. Also, cytokines and growth factors that are released into TME, have been involved in the activation of tumor radioresistance and the induction of different immune cells, altering local immune responses. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of TME in resistance of CSCs to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 , Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Turkey
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences., Iraq
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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16
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Won EJ, Park H, Chang SH, Kim JH, Kwon H, Cho YS, Yoon TJ. One-shot dual gene editing for drug-resistant pancreatic cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121252. [PMID: 34781244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to diagnose patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) early on, and their treatment is often complex. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the first-line treatment for PDAC, but its efficacy is limited in most patients due to the GEM resistance from KRAS and P53 gene mutations. We describe the correction of a double gene mutation and therapeutic effect for the GEM resistant PDAC. Bio-available nanoliposomes (NL) possessing Cas9-ribonucleoproteins and adenine-base editors were developed to conduct KRAS and P53 mutation gene editing directly. NLs were conjugated with EGFR antibodies to tumor-specific delivery, and the anti-cancer effect was verified in vitro and in vivo Model. Our GEM-combinatorial therapeutic strategies using double gene editing systems with one-shot may be a potent therapy for PDAC, overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Won
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hojeong Kwon
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jong Yoon
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Moogene Medi Institute, Korea-Bio Park, Seongnam, South Korea.
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17
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Angles G, Hail A, Dotson RJ, Pias SC. Atomistic simulations modify interpretation of spin-label oximetry data. Part 1: intensified water-lipid interfacial resistances. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 52:1261-1289. [PMID: 37292189 PMCID: PMC10249954 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of membrane cholesterol in cellular function and dysfunction has been the subject of much inquiry. A few studies have suggested that cholesterol may slow oxygen diffusive transport, altering membrane physical properties and reducing oxygen permeability. The primary experimental technique used in recent years to study membrane oxygen transport is saturation-recovery electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, using spin-label probes targeted to specific regions of a lipid bilayer. The technique has been used, in particular, to assess the influence of cholesterol on oxygen transport and membrane permeability. The reliability of such EPR recordings at the water-lipid interface near the phospholipid headgroups has been challenged by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data that show substantive agreement with spin-label probe measurements throughout much of the bilayer. This work uses further MD simulations, with an updated oxygen model, to determine the location of the maximum resistance to permeation and the rate-limiting barrier to oxygen permeation in 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and POPC/cholesterol bilayers at 25 and 35°C. The current simulations show a spike of resistance to permeation in the headgroup region that was not detected by EPR but was predicted in early theoretical work by Diamond and Katz. Published experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) oxygen measurements provide key validation of the MD models and indicate that the positions and relative magnitudes of the phosphatidylcholine resistance peaks are accurate. Consideration of the headgroup-region resistances predicts bilayer permeability coefficients lower than estimated in EPR studies, giving permeabilities lower than the permeability of unstirred water layers of the same thickness. Here, the permeability of POPC at 35°C is estimated to be 13 cm/s, compared with 10 cm/s for POPC/cholesterol and 118 cm/s for simulation water layers of similar thickness. The value for POPC is 12 times lower than estimated from EPR measurements, while the value for POPC/cholesterol is 5 times lower. These findings underscore the value of atomic resolution models for guiding the interpretation of experimental probe-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sally C. Pias
- Corresponding author: , Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
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18
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Yun BD, Son SW, Choi SY, Kuh HJ, Oh TJ, Park JK. Anti-Cancer Activity of Phytochemicals Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189819. [PMID: 34575983 PMCID: PMC8467787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in cancer, leading to a poor prognosis in patients. Diverse cellular factors are able to regulate HIF-1α expression in hypoxia and even in non-hypoxic conditions, affecting its progression and malignant characteristics by regulating the expression of the HIF-1α target genes that are involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, metabolism, therapeutic resistance, et cetera. Numerous studies have exhibited the anti-cancer effect of HIF-1α inhibition itself and the augmentation of anti-cancer treatment efficacy by interfering with HIF-1α-mediated signaling. The anti-cancer effect of plant-derived phytochemicals has been evaluated, and they have been found to possess significant therapeutic potentials against numerous cancer types. A better understanding of phytochemicals is indispensable for establishing advanced strategies for cancer therapy. This article reviews the anti-cancer effect of phytochemicals in connection with HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Da Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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19
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Zhang SY, Wang F, Zeng XJ, Huang Z, Dong KF. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head through miR-206/HIF-1α/BNIP3 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:1089-1100. [PMID: 34338434 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Declining autophagy and rising apoptosis are the main factors driving the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). Here, we showed that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) improved femoral head necrosis via regulation of cell autophagy and apoptosis through microRNA (miR)-206/hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α)/BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) axis. The expression of miR-206, HIF-1α, and BNIP3 in SONFH specimens and cell model were measured using qPCR. SONFH cell model was treated with APS. Cell autophagy was evaluated using LC3-immunofluorescence assays. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess cell apoptosis. Apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were determined using western blot. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to investigate the relationship between miR-206 and HIF-1α. Here we showed that miR-206 expression was upregulated in SONFH tissues and cell model. APS promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in SONFH cell model via downregulating miR-206. What is more, HIF-1α was the target of miR-206. Knockdown of HIF-1α reversed the recovery effect of miR-206 inhibitor on SONFH cell model. Furthermore, BNIP3 was the target of HIF-1α. HIF-1α overexpression promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis, and knockdown of BNIP3 abolished the recovery effect of HIF-1α overexpression in SONFH cell model. These results provided evidence that APS reduced miR-206 expression, and the downregulated miR-206 increased BNIP3 expression by targeting HIF-1α to promote autophagy and inhibit bone cell apoptosis. Our research proved that APS effectively improved SONFH by regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Jing Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Fang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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20
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TAK1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:453-470. [PMID: 33973075 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in both physiological responses and disease pathogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis can promote neoplastic diseases and retinopathies, while inadequate angiogenesis can lead to aberrant perfusion and impaired wound healing. Transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is a key modulator involved in a range of cellular functions including the immune responses, cell survival and death. TAK1 is activated in response to various stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence has recently suggested that TAK1 is intimately involved in angiogenesis and mediates pathogenic processes related to angiogenesis. Several detailed mechanisms by which TAK1 regulates pathological angiogenesis have been clarified, and potential therapeutics targeting TAK1 have emerged. In this review, we summarize recent studies of TAK1 in angiogenesis and discuss the crosstalk between TAK1 and signaling pathways involved in pathological angiogenesis. We also discuss the approaches for selectively targeting TAK1 and highlight the rationales of therapeutic strategies based on TAK1 inhibition for the treatment of pathological angiogenesis.
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21
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CHCHD4 (MIA40) and the mitochondrial disulfide relay system. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:17-27. [PMID: 33599699 PMCID: PMC7925007 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal for normal cellular physiology, as they perform a crucial role in diverse cellular functions and processes, including respiration and the regulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, as well as regulating cellular signalling and transcriptional networks. In this way, mitochondria are central to the cell's homeostatic machinery, and as such mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathology of a diverse range of diseases including mitochondrial disease and cancer. Mitochondrial import pathways and targeting mechanisms provide the means to transport into mitochondria the hundreds of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins that are critical for the organelle's many functions. One such import pathway is the highly evolutionarily conserved disulfide relay system (DRS) within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), whereby proteins undergo a form of oxidation-dependent protein import. A central component of the DRS is the oxidoreductase coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4, also known as MIA40), the human homologue of yeast Mia40. Here, we summarise the recent advances made to our understanding of the role of CHCHD4 and the DRS in physiology and disease, with a specific focus on the emerging importance of CHCHD4 in regulating the cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia) and metabolism in cancer.
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22
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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23
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Bader SB, Dewhirst MW, Hammond EM. Cyclic Hypoxia: An Update on Its Characteristics, Methods to Measure It and Biological Implications in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E23. [PMID: 33374581 PMCID: PMC7793090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia occur in most if not all solid cancers. Although the presence of tumor hypoxia is a common occurrence, the levels of hypoxia and proportion of the tumor that are hypoxic vary significantly. Importantly, even within tumors, oxygen levels fluctuate due to changes in red blood cell flux, vascular remodeling and thermoregulation. Together, this leads to cyclic or intermittent hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia predicts for poor patient outcome, in part due to increased resistance to all standard therapies. However, it is less clear how cyclic hypoxia impacts therapy response. Here, we discuss the causes of cyclic hypoxia and, importantly, which imaging modalities are best suited to detecting cyclic vs. chronic hypoxia. In addition, we provide a comparison of the biological response to chronic and cyclic hypoxia, including how the levels of reactive oxygen species and HIF-1 are likely impacted. Together, we highlight the importance of remembering that tumor hypoxia is not a static condition and that the fluctuations in oxygen levels have significant biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Bader
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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24
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Mayorga González DC, Ramírez Parra M, Aristizábal Gutiérrez FA. Señuelo dirigido a HIF-1 potencializa efectos citotóxicos de dos agentes quimioterapéuticos en MDA-MB-231. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v22n2.73114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Procesos oncogénicos como proliferación incontrolable, resistencia apoptótica, aumento de mecanismos angiogénicos y evasión inmune son regulados generalmente por factores de transcripción, como HIF-1. Por tanto, se ha señalado a esta molécula como un blanco terapéutico prometedor. Para explorar esta posibilidad, un oligonucleótido tipo “señuelo” dirigido a HIF-1α (ODN) fue diseñado para evaluar su eficiencia en esquema tanto monoterapéutico, como en combinación con dos agentes quimioterapéuticos en un modelo in vitro de cáncer de seno. Después de comprobar, mediante citometría de flujo e inmunofluorescencia, la localización del blanco, el señuelo fue transfectado en la línea celular MDA-MB-231. Se estableció la IC-50 de HIF-1α ODN, Cisplatino y Taxol con el método de Resazurina. Mecanismos de muerte celular fueron evaluados con el método de TUNEL. Por último, se estableció el índice de combinación (IC) de cada uno de los quimio-agentes en combinación con el ODN. Se evidencio que HIF-1α ODN causa un efecto citotóxico en MDA-MB-231 de hasta un 90% hacia las 72h pos-tratamiento. Este efecto no se observa tanto en los controles del ensayo, como en el cultivo primario de células no tumorales (FIBRO), siendo este agente altamente selectivo hacia células tumorales, al activar mecanismos pro-apoptóticos. A su vez, HIF-1α ODN potencializa la actividad tumorogénica de Cisplatino y Taxol en la línea celular tumoral. Por tanto, HIF-1α ODN demostró tener actividad selectiva potencialmente antitumoral, al disminuir la proliferación celular e inducir apoptosis; optimizando de forma sinérgica, la eficacia de fármacos quimioterapéuticos de alto espectro, en tratamientos combinados.
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25
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Deng X, Pi Y, Li Z, Xiong R, Liu J, Zhao J, Xie Z, Lei X, Tang G. FB-15 inhibits MGC-803 cells growth by regulating energy metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109186. [PMID: 32590071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we scrutinized the anticancer effects of FB-15 on human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells in vitro and vivo, and its preliminary effect on tubulin and HIF-1α. We confirmed that FB-15 not only inhibited the proliferation of a large number of cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner but also inhibited proliferation of a single cell to form clones. FB-15 manifested little cytotoxicity for normal stomach cells GES-1. The flow cytometry analysis displayed that FB-15 induced apoptosis MGC-803 cells and mainly arrested cells in the S phase in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of the wound healing assay indicated that FB-15 suppressed cell migration. Furthermore, the western blotting showed that FB-15 down-regulated the expression of β3-tubulin and HIF-1α, consistent with Immunohistochemical assay. The binding modes of FB-15 with tubulin were clarified by molecular docking. FB-15 significantly suppressed the growth of MGC-803 gastric cancer tumors. The inhibitory effect of FB-15 on tumor growth was superior to 5-Fu. Taken together, these results provided evidence for FB-15 to be used as an effective anticancer drug candidate for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Deng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Pi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Xiangnan University, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Runde Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jingduo Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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26
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Brotto DB, Siena ÁDD, de Barros II, Carvalho SDCES, Muys BR, Goedert L, Cardoso C, Plaça JR, Ramão A, Squire JA, Araujo LF, Silva WAD. Contributions of HOX genes to cancer hallmarks: Enrichment pathway analysis and review. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320918050. [PMID: 32456563 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320918050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during development, and their expression is often altered in cancer. The HOX gene family was initially studied intensively to understand how the expression of each gene was involved in forming axial patterns and shaping the body plan during embryogenesis. More recent investigations have discovered that HOX genes can also play an important role in cancer. The literature has shown that the expression of HOX genes may be increased or decreased in different tumors and that these alterations may differ depending on the specific HOX gene involved and the type of cancer being investigated. New studies are also emerging, showing the critical role of some members of the HOX gene family in tumor progression and variation in clinical response. However, there has been limited systematic evaluation of the various contributions of each member of the HOX gene family in the pathways that drive the common phenotypic changes (or "hallmarks") and that underlie the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the context of the engagement of HOX gene targets and their downstream pathways in the acquisition of competence of tumor cells to undergo malignant transformation and tumor progression. We also summarize published findings on the involvement of HOX genes in carcinogenesis and use bioinformatics methods to examine how their downstream targets and pathways are involved in each hallmark of the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barbosa Brotto
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ichihara de Barros
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Simone da Costa E Silva Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rodrigues Muys
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Goedert
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cibele Cardoso
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anelisa Ramão
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Andrew Squire
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Luiza Ferreira Araujo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Integrative System Biology (CISBi), NAP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Medical Genomics, Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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27
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Abstract
IgG antibodies cause inflammation and organ damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the metabolic profile of macrophages isolated from inflamed tissues in immune complex (IC)-associated diseases, including SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, and following IgG Fcγ receptor cross-linking. We found that human and mouse macrophages undergo a switch to glycolysis in response to IgG IC stimulation, mirroring macrophage metabolic changes in inflamed tissue in vivo. This metabolic reprogramming was required to generate a number of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, and was dependent on mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α. Inhibition of glycolysis, or genetic depletion of HIF1α, attenuated IgG IC-induced activation of macrophages in vitro, including primary human kidney macrophages. In vivo, glycolysis inhibition led to a reduction in kidney macrophage IL-1β and reduced neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of antibody-mediated nephritis. Together, our data reveal the molecular mechanisms underpinning FcγR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and suggest a therapeutic strategy for autoantibody-induced inflammation, including lupus nephritis.
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28
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Zhao C, Zeng C, Ye S, Dai X, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ): a nexus between hypoxia and cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:947-960. [PMID: 32642404 PMCID: PMC7332664 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. As transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of the hypoxic microenvironment; their target genes function in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Intriguingly, both yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play fundamental roles in the malignant progression of hypoxic tumors. As downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo pathway, YAP and/or TAZ (YAP/TAZ) are phosphorylated and sequestered in the cytoplasm by the large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex, which restricts the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ. However, dephosphorylated YAP/TAZ have the ability to translocate to the nucleus where they induce transcription of target genes, most of which are closely related to cancer. Herein we review the tumor-related signaling crosstalk between YAP/TAZ and hypoxia, describe current agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the hypoxia–YAP/TAZ axis, and highlight questions that might have a potential impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenming Zeng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 571 882028401; fax: +86 571 88208400.
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29
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Jin H, Guo X, Huang X, Li M, Wang M, Shu XS, Yuan Y, Ying Y. CDCA2 Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer and Is Directly Regulated by HIF-1α Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:725. [PMID: 32509575 PMCID: PMC7248370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major serious malignant tumor and is commonly diagnosed in older men. Identification of novel cancer-related genes in PCa is important for understanding its tumorigenesis mechanism and developing new therapies against PCa. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify the specific genes, which are upregulated in PCa cell lines and tissues. The cell division cycle associated protein (CDCA) family, which plays a critical role in cell division and proliferation, is upregulated in the PCa cell lines of our RNA-Sequencing data. Moreover, we found that CDCA2 is overexpressed, and its protein level positively correlates with its histological grade, clinical stage, and Gleason Score. CDCA2 was further found to be upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival in multiple cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional study suggests that inhibition of CDCA2 will lead to apoptosis and lower proliferation in vitro. Silencing of CDCA2 also repressed tumor growth in vivo. Loss of CDCA2 affects several oncogenic pathways, including MAPK signaling. In addition, we further demonstrated that CDCA2 was induced in hypoxia and directly regulated by the HIF-1α/Smad3 complex. Thus, our data indicate that CDCA2 could act as an oncogene and is regulated by hypoxia and the HIF-1αpathway. CDCA2 may be a useful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingduan Cheng
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Health Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, PHS, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeqing Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Li M, Nopparat J, Aguilar BJ, Chen YH, Zhang J, Du J, Ai X, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Boykin C, Lu Q. Intratumor δ-catenin heterogeneity driven by genomic rearrangement dictates growth factor dependent prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:4358-4374. [PMID: 32313227 PMCID: PMC10493073 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Only a small number of genes are bona fide oncogenes and tumor suppressors such as Ras, Myc, β-catenin, p53, and APC. However, targeting these cancer drivers frequently fail to demonstrate sustained cancer remission. Tumor heterogeneity and evolution contribute to cancer resistance and pose challenges for cancer therapy due to differential genomic rearrangement and expression driving distinct tumor responses to treatments. Here we report that intratumor heterogeneity of Wnt/β-catenin modulator δ-catenin controls individual cell behavior to promote cancer. The differential intratumor subcellular localization of δ-catenin mirrors its compartmentalization in prostate cancer xenograft cultures as result of mutation-rendered δ-catenin truncations. Wild-type and δ-catenin mutants displayed distinct protein interactomes that highlight rewiring of signal networks. Localization specific δ-catenin mutants influenced p120ctn-dependent Rho GTPase phosphorylation and shifted cells towards differential bFGF-responsive growth and motility, a known signal to bypass androgen receptor dependence. Mutant δ-catenin promoted Myc-induced prostate tumorigenesis while increasing bFGF-p38 MAP kinase signaling, β-catenin-HIF-1α expression, and the nuclear size. Therefore, intratumor δ-catenin heterogeneity originated from genetic remodeling promotes prostate cancer expansion towards androgen independent signaling, supporting a neomorphism model paradigm for targeting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Anatomy, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Byron J. Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Yan-hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ai
- Dept. of Urology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christi Boykin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody school of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 27834
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31
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Li K, Li M, Luo Z, Mao Y, Yu Y, He Y, Zhou J, Fei Y, Pei Y, Cai K. Overcoming the hypoxia-induced drug resistance in liver tumor by the concurrent use of apigenin and paclitaxel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:321-327. [PMID: 32220496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel against hypoxic tumors is usually unsatisfactory, which is partially due to the so-called hypoxia-induced drug resistance. The mechanism of hypoxia-induced resistance is primarily associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional activator coordinating the cellular response to hypoxia. Apigenin is a natural occurring HIF-1α inhibitor that can suppress the expression of HIF-1α through multiple pathways and reverse the hypoxia-induced resistance found in cancer cells. Here we report that the use of apigenin can suppress the HIF-1α expression in hypoxic tumors through the simultaneous inhibition of the AKT/p-AKT pathway and HSP90, which is beneficial for enhancing the anticancer activity of the co-administered paclitaxel. The potential synergistic effect of apigenin and paclitaxel was further validated on HepG2 cell line and tumor-bearing mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yulan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yonglin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuxia Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Hou ZS, Wen HS, Li JF, He F, Li Y, Qi X. Environmental hypoxia causes growth retardation, osteoclast differentiation and calcium dyshomeostasis in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135272. [PMID: 31841926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia generally refers to a dissolved oxygen (DO) level that is less than 2-3 mg/L. With ongoing global warming and environment pollution, environmental or geological studies showed hypoxia frequently occurs in global aquatic systems including ocean, river, estuaries and coasts. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate hypoxia tolerant of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with parameters of mortality, behavior, endocrine and metabolite, identifying three DO levels including normoxia (Ctrl, 7.0 mg/L), non-lethal hypoxia (NH, 4.5 mg/L) and lethal hypoxia (LH, 3.0 mg/L). Furthermore, trout was treated by Ctrl, NH and LH for six hours to mimic the acute hypoxia in wild and/or farming conditions. A significantly higher mortality was observed in LH group. Trout of NH and LH showed stressful responses with unnormal swimming, increased serum cortisol and up-regulated gill hif1α transcription. Despite trout of NH and LH increased the oxygen delivery abilities by increasing the serum hemoglobin levels, the anerobic metabolism were inevitably observed with increased lactate. This study also showed a prolonged influence of NH and LH on growth after 30-days' recovery. Based on RNA-Seq data, different expression genes (DEGs) associated with stress, apoptosis, antioxidant, chaperone, growth, calcium and vitamin D metabolism were identified. Enrichment analysis showed DEGs were clustered in osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis and intracellular signaling transduction pathways. Results further showed NH and LH significantly decreased bone calcium content and disrupted the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis. Our study might contribute to a better understanding of the effects of hypoxia on rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
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Disturbance in the regulation of miR 17-92 cluster on HIF-1-α expression contributes to clinically relevant radioresistant cells: an in vitro study. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:141-153. [PMID: 31916114 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular radioresistance is one of the major obstacles to the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. In an attempt to elucidate the implication of HIF-1α and miR-17-92 expressions in refractory radioresistant cells and also in order to study the potential applications of these molecules as novel therapeutic modalities to overcome radioresistant cancers, the current study was conducted. Clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cells from human cancer cell lines were established by exposing to long-term fractionated radiation of X-rays. Correspondingly, microarray analysis and real time RT-PCR were performed to find miRNA involved in the CRR phenotype. HIF-1α was down-regulated and miR17-92 cluster was overexpressed in CRR cells by transfection. The expression of miR 17-3p was inhibited by specific inhibitors and miR 19a was enforced by mimics, respectively in parental cells. Overexpression of HIF-1α in parental cells or down regulation of HIF-1α in CRR cells were not involved in radioresistance. However, when HIF-1α was genetically modified to constitutively express under normoxia condition, it was rendered for protection to cells. Exogenous overexpression of miR 17-92 cluster in CRR cells resulted in abolition of HIF-1α expression and restored sensitizations to ionizing radiation. Attenuated expression of miR-17-3p in parental cells protected them from irradiation. Overall, fine-tune deregulation of miR 17-92 cluster in CRR cells might account for the accumulation of HIF-1α in the CRR cells following exposure to irradiation.
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Pezzella F. Mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic treatments. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:595-607. [PMID: 35582580 PMCID: PMC8992538 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hailed as the cancer treatment to end all the resistance to treatment, anti-angiogenic therapy turned out to be not quite what was promised. The hope that this therapeutic approach would not have suffered by the phenomenon of resistance was based on the fact that was targeting normal vessels rather than tumour cells prone to mutation and subject to drug induced selection. However, reality turned out to be more complex and since 1997, several mechanisms of resistance have been described to the point that the study of resistance to these drugs is now a very large field. Far from being exhaustive, this paper presents the main mechanisms discovered trough some examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factors as an Alternative Source of Treatment Strategy for Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8547846. [PMID: 31485300 PMCID: PMC6710762 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8547846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that activate the transcription of genes necessary to circumvent to hypoxic (low oxygen level) environments. In carcinogenesis, HIFs play a critical role. Indeed, HIF-1α has been validated as a promising target for novel cancer therapeutics, even as clinical investigations have linked increased levels of HIF-1α with aggressive cancer progression as well as poor patient prognosis. More so, inhibiting HIF-1 activity restricted cancer progression. Therefore, HIF-1 is a viable target for cancer therapy. This may be expected considering the fact that cancer cells are known to be hypoxic. In order to survive the hypoxic microenvironment, cancer cells activate several biochemical pathways via the HIF-1α. Additionally, cellular and molecular insights have proved prospects of the HIF-1α pathway for the development of novel anticancer treatment strategies. The biochemical importance of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) cannot be overemphasized as carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and HIFs are intricately linked. Therefore, this review highlights the significance of these linkages and also the prospects of HIFs as an alternative source of cancer therapies.
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Mylonis I, Simos G, Paraskeva E. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030214. [PMID: 30832409 PMCID: PMC6468845 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia characterizes a number of serious pathological conditions and elicits a number of adaptive changes that are mainly mediated at the transcriptional level by the family of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The HIF target gene repertoire includes genes responsible for the regulation of metabolism, oxygen delivery and cell survival. Although the involvement of HIFs in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the switch to anaerobic glycolysis under hypoxia is well established, their role in the control of lipid anabolism and catabolism remains still relatively obscure. Recent evidence indicates that many aspects of lipid metabolism are modified during hypoxia or in tumor cells in a HIF-dependent manner, contributing significantly to the pathogenesis and/or progression of cancer and metabolic disorders. However, direct transcriptional regulation by HIFs has been only demonstrated in relatively few cases, leaving open the exact and isoform-specific mechanisms that underlie HIF-dependency. This review summarizes the evidence for both direct and indirect roles of HIFs in the regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism as well as the involvement of HIFs in various diseases as demonstrated by studies with transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada.
| | - Efrosyni Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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Karagiota A, Kourti M, Simos G, Mylonis I. HIF-1α-derived cell-penetrating peptides inhibit ERK-dependent activation of HIF-1 and trigger apoptosis of cancer cells under hypoxia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:809-825. [PMID: 30535970 PMCID: PMC11105304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is frequently encountered in the microenvironment of solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the main effectors of cell response to hypoxia, promote cancer cell survival and progression. HIF-1α, the oxygen-regulated subunit of HIF-1, is often correlated with oncogenesis and represents an attractive therapeutic target. We have previously reported that activation HIF-1α by ERK involves modification of two serine residues and masking of a nuclear export signal (NES), all inside a 43-amino acid domain termed ERK Targeted Domain (ETD). Overexpression of ETD variants including wild-type, phospho-mimetic (SE) or NES-less (IA) mutant forms caused HIF-1 inactivation in two hepatocarcinoma cell lines, while a phospho-deficient (SA) form was ineffective and acted as a sequence-specific negative control. To deliver these ETD forms directly into cancer cells, they were fused to the HIV TAT-sequence and produced as cell-permeable peptides. When the TAT-ETD peptides were added to the culture medium of Huh7 cells, they entered the cells and, with the exception of ETD-SA, accumulated inside the nucleus, caused mislocalization of endogenous HIF-1α to the cytoplasm, significant reduction of HIF-1 activity and inhibition of expression of specific HIF-1, but not HIF-2, gene targets under hypoxia. More importantly, transduced nuclear TAT-ETD peptides restricted migration, impaired colony formation and triggered apoptotic cell death of cancer cells grown under hypoxia, while they produced no effects in normoxic cells. These data demonstrate the importance of ERK-mediated activation of HIF-1 for low oxygen adaptation and the applicability of ETD peptide derivatives as sequence-specific HIF-1 and cancer cell growth inhibitors under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Karagiota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Kourti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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38
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Molecular insights of newly identified potential peptide inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor 1α causing breast cancer. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Deng X, Li Z, Xiong R, Liu J, Liu R, Peng J, Chen Y, Lei X, Cao X, Zheng X, Xie Z, Tang G. FS-7 inhibits MGC-803 cells growth in vitro and in vivo via down-regulating glycolysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1659-1669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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40
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Dou C, Zhou Z, Xu Q, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang L, Yang W, Liu Q, Tu K. Hypoxia-induced TUFT1 promotes the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the Ca 2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncogene 2018; 38:1239-1255. [PMID: 30250300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuftelin1 (TUFT1), an acidic protein constituent of developing and mineralizing tooth tissues, is regulated by hypoxia and the Hedgehog signaling pathway. We investigated the role of TUFT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot were employed to evaluate TUFT1 level in HCC. MTT, BrdU, 3D culture and Transwell assays were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, in vitro growth, migration, and invasion. Subcutaneous and tail vein injection models were established to investigate in vivo growth and metastasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to assess binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) to TUFT1 promoter. A microRNA array was used to identify hypoxia-related microRNAs. TUFT1 was elevated in HCC, and correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics and poor survival. TUFT1 promoted HCC cell growth, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo via activation of Ca2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. Hypoxia induced TUFT1 expression in an HIF-1α dependent manner, and TUFT1 expression was positively correlated with HIF-1α level in HCC tissues. Hypoxiaenhanced TUFT1 expression by downregulating miR-671-5p rather than by directly promoting the binding of HIF-1α to TUFT1 promoter. MiR-671-5p interacted with the 3'-UTR of TUFT1 mRNA and subsequently inhibited TUFT1 expression. Consequently, knockdown of TUFT1 blocked the effects of hypoxia in promoting HCC progression. TUFT1 promoted the growth, metastasis and EMT of HCC cells through activating Ca2+/PI3K/AKT pathway. The hypoxic microenvironment increased the expression of TUFT1 via downregulation of miR-671-5p. TUFT1 may function as a potential therapeutic target for the intervention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yuqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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41
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Garcia-Bermudez J, Baudrier L, La K, Zhu XG, Fidelin J, Sviderskiy VO, Papagiannakopoulos T, Molina H, Snuderl M, Lewis CA, Possemato RL, Birsoy K. Aspartate is a limiting metabolite for cancer cell proliferation under hypoxia and in tumours. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:775-781. [PMID: 29941933 PMCID: PMC6030478 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As oxygen is essential for many metabolic pathways, tumour hypoxia may impair cancer cell proliferation1-4. However, the limiting metabolites for proliferation under hypoxia and in tumours are unknown. Here, we assessed proliferation of a collection of cancer cells following inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), a major metabolic pathway requiring molecular oxygen5. Sensitivity to ETC inhibition varied across cell lines, and subsequent metabolomic analysis uncovered aspartate availability as a major determinant of sensitivity. Cell lines least sensitive to ETC inhibition maintain aspartate levels by importing it through an aspartate/glutamate transporter, SLC1A3. Genetic or pharmacologic modulation of SLC1A3 activity markedly altered cancer cell sensitivity to ETC inhibitors. Interestingly, aspartate levels also decrease under low oxygen, and increasing aspartate import by SLC1A3 provides a competitive advantage to cancer cells at low oxygen levels and in tumour xenografts. Finally, aspartate levels in primary human tumours negatively correlate with the expression of hypoxia markers, suggesting that tumour hypoxia is sufficient to inhibit ETC and, consequently, aspartate synthesis in vivo. Therefore, aspartate may be a limiting metabolite for tumour growth, and aspartate availability could be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lou Baudrier
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konnor La
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiphias Ge Zhu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justine Fidelin
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard L Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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Chen J, Hu X, Cui J. Shikonin, vitamin K 3 and vitamin K 5 inhibit multiple glycolytic enzymes in MCF-7 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7423-7432. [PMID: 29725454 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the most important source of energy for the production of anabolic building blocks in cancer cells. Therefore, glycolytic enzymes are regarded as potential targets for cancer treatment. Previously, naphthaquinones, including shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5, have been proven to decrease the rate of glycolysis in cancer cells, which is partly due to suppressed pyruvate kinase activity. In the present study, enzymatic assays were performed using MCF-7 cell lysate in order to screen the profile of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells inhibited by shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5, in addition to pyruvate kinase. Results revealed that hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase produced in the process of glycolysis were inhibited by shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5. The results indicated that shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5 are chemical inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells and have potential uses in translational medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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43
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Wang S, Xia W, Qiu M, Wang X, Jiang F, Yin R, Xu L. Atlas on substrate recognition subunits of CRL2 E3 ligases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46707-46716. [PMID: 27107416 PMCID: PMC5216831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cullin2-type ubiquitin ligases belong to the Cullin-Ring Ligase (CRL) family, which is a crucial determinant of proteasome-based degradation processes in eukaryotes. Because of the finding of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), the Cullin2-type ubiquitin ligases gain focusing in the research of many diseases, especially in tumors. These multisubunit enzymes are composed of the Ring finger protein, the Cullin2 scaffold protein, the Elongin B&C linker protein and the variant substrate recognition subunits (SRSs), among which the Cullin2 scaffold protein is the determining factor of the enzyme mechanism. Substrate recognition of Cullin2-type ubiquitin ligases depends on SRSs and results in the degradation of diseases associated substrates by intracellular signaling events. This review focuses on the diversity and the multifunctionality of SRSs in the Cullin2-type ubiquitin ligases, including VHL, LRR-1, FEM1b, PRAME and ZYG11. Recently, as more SRSs are being discovered and more aspects of substrate recognition have been illuminated, insight into the relationship between Cul2-dependent SRSs and substrates provides a new area for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Kim D, Shivakumar M, Han S, Sinclair MS, Lee YJ, Zheng Y, Olopade OI, Kim D, Lee Y. Population-dependent Intron Retention and DNA Methylation in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:461-469. [PMID: 29330282 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation in gene promoter regions is well studied; however, the effects of methylation in the gene body (exons and introns) on gene expression are comparatively understudied. Recently, hypermethylation has been implicated in the inclusion of alternatively spliced exons; moreover, exon recognition can be enhanced by recruiting the methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) to hypermethylated sites. This study examines whether the methylation status of an intron is correlated with how frequently the intron is retained during splicing using DNA methylation and RNA sequencing data from breast cancer tissue specimens in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Interestingly, hypomethylation of introns is correlated with higher levels of intron expression in mRNA and the methylation level of an intron is inversely correlated with its retention in mRNA from the gene in which it is located. Furthermore, significant population differences were observed in the methylation level of retained introns. In African-American donors, retained introns were not only less methylated compared to European-American donors, but also were more highly expressed. This underscores the need for understanding epigenetic differences in populations and their correlation with breast cancer is an important step toward achieving personalized cancer care.Implications: This research contributes to the understanding of how epigenetic markers in the gene body communicate with the transcriptional machinery to control transcript diversity and differential biological response to changes in methylation status could underlie some of the known, yet unexplained, disparities in certain breast cancer patient populations. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 461-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Manu Shivakumar
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Seonggyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael S Sinclair
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Young-Ji Lee
- Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania.
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Abt D, Besse A, Sedlarikova L, Kraus M, Bader J, Silzle T, Vodinska M, Slaby O, Schmid HP, Engeler DS, Driessen C, Besse L. Improving the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma by combination with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-protease inhibitors lopinavir or nelfinavir. BJU Int 2017; 121:600-609. [PMID: 29161753 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the potential of second-generation proteasome inhibition by carfilzomib and its combination with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) lopinavir and nelfinavir in vitro for improved treatment of clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation of proteasome inhibitors, HIV-PIs, and their combination were assessed in three cell lines and primary cells derived from three ccRCC tumours by MTS assay, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Proteasome activity was determined by activity based probes. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) activity by MitoTracker™ Green FM efflux assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). RESULTS Lopinavir and nelfinavir significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of carfilzomib in all cell lines and primary cells. ABCB1 efflux pump inhibition, induction of ROS production, and UPR pre-activation by lopinavir were identified as underlying mechanisms of this strong synergistic effect. Combined treatment led to unresolved protein stress, increased activation of pro-apoptotic UPR pathway, and a significant increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSION The combination of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib and the HIV-PIs lopinavir and nelfinavir has a strong synergistic cytotoxic activity against ccRCCin vitro at therapeutically relevant drug concentrations. This effect is most likely explained by synergistic UPR triggering and ABCB1-modulation caused by HIV-PIs. Our findings suggest that combined treatment of second-generation proteasome inhibitors and HIV-PIs should be investigated in patients with metastatic RCC within a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Abt
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Besse
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Sedlarikova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Babak Myeloma Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Kraus
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Bader
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Silzle
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vodinska
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Peter Schmid
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Driessen
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Besse
- Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Kim SL, Park YR, Lee ST, Kim SW. Parthenolide suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling and hypoxia induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1809-1820. [PMID: 29075793 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) is frequently observed in solid tumors and it has been associated with various pathophysiological processes, including epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previously, we reported that parthenolide (PT), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is a promising anticancer agent because it promotes apoptosis of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated a new molecular mechanism by which PT acts on HIF‑1α and hypoxia contributing to EMT by NF‑κB inhibition. Cell viability, DNA binding activity, vascular cell tube formation and cell motility were studied after treatment of PT in hypoxic or normoxic condition. Moreover, effects of PT on hypoxia signaling and hypoxia-induced EMT signaling were investigated. We also examined the inhibitory effect of PT on CRC progression in xenografts. We demonstrated that PT markedly inhibits hypoxia dependent HIF‑1α activity and angiogenesis by preventing NF-κB activation. We also report that PT decreases the level of proteins associated with glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, development and survival that are regulated by HIF‑1α. Furthermore, we verified that PT protects the morphological change from epithelial to mesenchymal state, inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme activity and decreases cell motility involved in the -regulation of the hypoxia-induced EMT markers. In addition, PT inhibits growth in CRC xenograft models and regulates NF‑κB, HIF‑1α and EMT specific marker in tissue specimens. Our data demonstrated that PT can inhibit HIF‑1α signaling and hypoxia-induced EMT, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism for HIF‑1α mediated cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Bogdańska MU, Bodnar M, Piotrowska MJ, Murek M, Schucht P, Beck J, Martínez-González A, Pérez-García VM. A mathematical model describes the malignant transformation of low grade gliomas: Prognostic implications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179999. [PMID: 28763450 PMCID: PMC5538650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of primary brain tumours. Low grade gliomas (LGGs, WHO grade II gliomas) may grow very slowly for the long periods of time, however they inevitably cause death due to the phenomenon known as the malignant transformation. This refers to the transition of LGGs to more aggressive forms of high grade gliomas (HGGs, WHO grade III and IV gliomas). In this paper we propose a mathematical model describing the spatio-temporal transition of LGGs into HGGs. Our modelling approach is based on two cellular populations with transitions between them being driven by the tumour microenvironment transformation occurring when the tumour cell density grows beyond a critical level. We show that the proposed model describes real patient data well. We discuss the relationship between patient prognosis and model parameters. We approximate tumour radius and velocity before malignant transformation as well as estimate the onset of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena U. Bogdańska
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marek Bodnar
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika J. Piotrowska
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Murek
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schucht
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Manshian BB, Martens TF, Kantner K, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Jenkins GJS, Parak WJ, Pelaz B, Doak SH, Himmelreich U, Soenen SJ. The role of intracellular trafficking of CdSe/ZnS QDs on their consequent toxicity profile. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:45. [PMID: 28619032 PMCID: PMC5472855 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticle interactions with cellular membranes and the kinetics of their transport and localization are important determinants of their functionality and their biological consequences. Understanding these phenomena is fundamental for the translation of such NPs from in vitro to in vivo systems for bioimaging and medical applications. Two CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD) with differing surface functionality (NH2 or COOH moieties) were used here for investigating the intracellular uptake and transport kinetics of these QDs. Results In water, the COOH- and NH2-QDs were negatively and positively charged, respectively, while in serum-containing medium the NH2-QDs were agglomerated, whereas the COOH-QDs remained dispersed. Though intracellular levels of NH2- and COOH-QDs were very similar after 24 h exposure, COOH-QDs appeared to be continuously internalised and transported by endosomes and lysosomes, while NH2-QDs mainly remained in the lysosomes. The results of (intra)cellular QD trafficking were correlated to their toxicity profiles investigating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS, autophagy, changes to cellular morphology and alterations in genes involved in cellular stress, toxicity and cytoskeletal integrity. The continuous flux of COOH-QDs perhaps explains their higher toxicity compared to the NH2-QDs, mainly resulting in mitochondrial ROS and cytoskeletal remodelling which are phenomena that occur early during cellular exposure. Conclusions Together, these data reveal that although cellular QD levels were similar after 24 h, differences in the nature and extent of their cellular trafficking resulted in differences in consequent gene alterations and toxicological effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0279-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical NMR Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium. .,Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Thomas F Martens
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Center of Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karsten Kantner
- Philipps University of Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Center of Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Philipps University of Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,CICBiomagune, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Philipps University of Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical NMR Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical NMR Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
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Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Barar J, Nazemiyeh H, Omidi Y. Cell physiology regulation by hypoxia inducible factor-1: Targeting oxygen-related nanomachineries of hypoxic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:46-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Thomas LW, Staples O, Turmaine M, Ashcroft M. CHCHD4 Regulates Intracellular Oxygenation and Perinuclear Distribution of Mitochondria. Front Oncol 2017; 7:71. [PMID: 28497026 PMCID: PMC5406405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment and is known to contribute to tumor progression and treatment resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) dimeric transcription factors control the cellular response to reduced oxygenation by regulating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, cell motility, and survival. Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism are not only a downstream consequence of HIF-signaling but mitochondria reciprocally regulate HIF signaling through multiple means, including oxygen consumption, metabolic intermediates, and reactive oxygen species generation. CHCHD4 is a redox-sensitive mitochondrial protein, which we previously identified and showed to be a novel regulator of HIF and hypoxia responses in tumors. Elevated expression of CHCHD4 in human tumors correlates with the hypoxia gene signature, disease progression, and poor patient survival. Here, we show that either long-term (72 h) exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) or elevated expression of CHCHD4 in tumor cells in normoxia leads to perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria, which is dependent on the expression of HIF-1α. Furthermore, we show that CHCHD4 is required for perinuclear localization of mitochondria and HIF activation in response to long-term hypoxia. Mutation of the functionally important highly conserved cysteines within the Cys-Pro-Cys motif of CHCHD4 or inhibition of complex IV activity (by sodium azide) redistributes mitochondria from the perinuclear region toward the periphery of the cell and blocks HIF activation. Finally, we show that CHCHD4-mediated perinuclear localization of mitochondria is associated with increased intracellular hypoxia within the perinuclear region and constitutive basal HIF activation in normoxia. Our study demonstrates that the intracellular distribution of the mitochondrial network is an important feature of the cellular response to hypoxia, contributing to hypoxic signaling via HIF activation and regulated by way of the cross talk between CHCHD4 and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Staples
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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