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Matthys M, Chambaere K, Beernaert K, Cohen J, Van Brussel L, Deforche B, Quintiens B, Deliens L, Dhollander N. What does the general public know about palliative care? A population-based survey. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024:spcare-2023-004384. [PMID: 37699664 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The need for public education on palliative care has been widely argued for. To develop effective educational strategies, a stronger evidence base is needed on what exactly is known and unknown about palliative care as well as what the differences are between subgroups. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey. Mail questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 4400 citizens (aged ≥16 years) within 4 municipalities in Flanders, Belgium. The Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) was used to measure knowledge. Associations between knowledge and sociodemographics and various experiential factors were tested, as well as the congruence between actual and self-perceived knowledge scores. RESULTS Response was obtained from 2008 (45.6%) citizens. The mean PaCKS score was 7.87 (SD 3.41; range 0-13) with the highest proportion (84.7%) correctly answering that palliative care is not specifically for older adults and the lowest (32.1%) correctly answering that improving the ability to participate in daily life is a palliative care goal. Being aged between 30 and 59, non-religious, more highly educated, having professional healthcare experience and knowing palliative care through personal experience were significantly associated with higher knowledge, while sex and informal caregiving experience were not. 52.4% self-perceived their knowledge as lower than it actually was. CONCLUSIONS While the general public seems to be familiar with some basic concepts of palliative care, several key aspects remain unknown. Educational strategies, with suggested potential for community-based and experience-based approaches, may need to focus specifically on these aspects and not just on the broader palliative care concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Matthys
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Chambaere
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Beernaert
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Cohen
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Quintiens
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Deliens
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naomi Dhollander
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) & Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medicine & Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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O'Donnell NH, Erlichman S, Nickerson CG. Health Motivation in the Influencer Era: Analyzing Entertainment, Personal, and Social Media Role Models. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38686947 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2346679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This research explored how personal and entertainment role models motivate an individual's health goals, and how following a role model on social media affects this process. A survey of 404 adults revealed that identifying a personal role model, such as a family member, friend, or healthcare professional, had a stronger influence on health motivation in comparison to identifying an entertainment role model. Additionally, our findings indicated that following any role model on social media, whether a personal acquaintance or a celebrity, enhanced motivation. Role model attributes that mediated these relationships included perceived similarity, and in some instances, positive and negative norm deviance. This study highlights the importance of leveraging role model relationships in health communication campaigns and developing authentic influencer-driven health initiatives that feature relatable entertainment figures. Additionally, this research supports the need for further examination of how a role model's perceived positive or negative norm deviance influences motivational capability. We discuss implications for the motivational theory of role modeling, health promotion, and entertainment education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Erlichman
- College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University
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Smith GM, Singh N, Hui F, Sossenheimer PH, Hannah JM, Romano P, Wong HN, Heidari SN, Harman SM. Education About Specialty Palliative Care Among Nonhealthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024; 67:e70-e89. [PMID: 37797678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the expansion of palliative care (PC) services, the public has little knowledge and holds misperceptions about PC, creating barriers to accessing timely specialty PC. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the evidence regarding the efficacy of educational interventions to improve knowledge and attitudes about PC among nonhealthcare workers. METHODS We searched five databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CIANHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) for studies investigating educational interventions about specialty PC in adults who identified as patients, caregivers, or members of the public. We included studies that were available in English and had a comparator group. We excluded studies that only sampled health professionals or children. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess quality and risk of bias. RESULTS Of 12,420 records identified, we screened 5948 abstracts and assessed 526 full texts for eligibility. Twenty-one articles were extracted for analysis, representing 20 unique educational interventions. Common methodologies included quasi-experimental (9, 45%), randomized controlled trial (4, 20%), and nonrandomized trial (2, 10%). Common components of the educational interventions included video presentations (9, 45%), written materials (8, 40%), and lectures (4, 20%). Content included definition (14, 70%) and philosophy (14, 70%) of PC, distinctions between PC and hospice (11, 55%), and eligibility for PC (11, 55%). Fourteen (70%) interventions showed statistically significant positive differences in either knowledge or attitudes about PC. CONCLUSIONS While educational interventions can positively impact knowledge and attitudes about PC among nonhealthcare workers, more research is needed to inform the design, delivery, and evaluation of interventions to increase knowledge and attitudes about PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Smith
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA.
| | - Nainwant Singh
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Felicia Hui
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Philip H Sossenheimer
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Josef M Hannah
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Pablo Romano
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (P.R.), New York, NY
| | - Hong-Nei Wong
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Shireen N Heidari
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
| | - Stephanie M Harman
- Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.S., N.S., F.H., P.H.S., H.W., S.N.H., S.M.H.), Stanford, CA
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Hoe DF, Wang YH, Rahman A, Enguidanos S. Identifying Paths Forward: Expanding Palliative Care to Low-Income Patients in California. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2022:10499091221131973. [PMID: 36218324 DOI: 10.1177/10499091221131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies demonstrate most consumers do not know about palliative care. And, since January 2018, California's Medi-Cal Managed Care patients have been eligible for palliative care services under Senate Bill 1004 (SB 1004). Yet, the uptake of palliative care services was underwhelming. The purpose of this study was to explore patient-centered barriers to palliative care. We recruited 27 adult Medicaid managed care patients from community-based sites in Los Angeles and conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews. Each participant was asked questions to elicit their knowledge about, and perspectives on, palliative care as well as their preferred communication approaches for receiving a referral to palliative care. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used a grounded theory approach to guide our analysis of primary themes. Our findings indicated that the barriers to palliative care referrals among this population included lack of knowledge about palliative care and available services; the reliance on, and trust in, primary care physicians for information; language and cultural barriers; housing instability; and patient believing they are neither old enough nor sick enough to need palliative care. These findings emphasize the critical role primary care physicians play in advocating for low-income patients and the necessity for culturally sensitive education about palliative care. Promoting knowledge and understanding of palliative care among both primary care physicians and consumers is critical to ensuring access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah F Hoe
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Rahman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Enguidanos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Enguidanos S, Storms AD, Lomeli S, van Zyl C. Improving Palliative Care Knowledge among Hospitalized Hispanic Patients: A Pilot Study. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:1179-1185. [PMID: 35119300 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lack of knowledge of palliative care has been identified as a primary barrier to access to care, with a recent survey reporting that Hispanics have the lowest rate of palliative care knowledge compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if there were trends toward improved palliative care knowledge after viewing four-minute video of a palliative care patient. Methods: We conducted a pre- and posttest pilot study among 50 Spanish-speaking, hospitalized Hispanic patients 40 years old and older in a large public hospital. We used the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) to assess palliative care knowledge. Two questions measured intention to enroll in palliative care. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to investigate change in PaCKS scores. McNemar's test was used to compare differences in intentions to enroll in palliative care from pretest to posttest. We conducted linear regression analysis to determine factors associated with improved knowledge at posttest. Results: PaCKS scores revealed significant improvement in palliative care knowledge following viewing of the video, with scores increasing from an average of 6.4-11.4 at posttest. Intentions to enroll a family member in palliative care increased from 64% at pretest to 64%-98% at posttest. Intentions to enroll oneself increased from 72% to 92%. Conclusions: Brief exposure to a relatable role model may be effective in improving knowledge and intentions to enroll in palliative care services. More research is needed to determine if these videos are effective in increasing enrollment in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Enguidanos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron D Storms
- Division of Geriatric, Hospital, Palliative, and General Internal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sindy Lomeli
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carin van Zyl
- Division of Geriatric, Hospital, Palliative, and General Internal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hidalgo-Andrade P, Mascialino G, Miño D, Mendoza M, Marcillo AB. Knowledge of Palliative Care in Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094840. [PMID: 33946620 PMCID: PMC8124347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Palliative care is a holistic approach to care for people with chronic, advanced, and life-threatening illnesses. It improves the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. However, there is still limited access to palliative care in many countries. Knowledge about palliative care is key to increase its availability. Thus, this article aimed to explore the knowledge of the general population about palliative care in Ecuador. The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. Through snowball sampling, between September 2019 and January 2020, 257 people completed an anonymous online questionnaire about general and specific aspects of palliative care. Descriptive and ANOVA analyses indicate that people have many misconceptions about palliative care and how it should be provided. Gender, education, training, occupation, and experience as caregivers were related to the total level of knowledge about palliative care. Regression analyses show other variables as predictors of knowledge. This study highlights the lack of knowledge about specific issues within palliative care in the general population in Ecuador. It also shows the need to develop and implement education measures to fill these gaps and enhance access to palliative care in health systems.
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Shirsat N, Hoe D, Enguidanos S. Understanding Asian Indian Americans' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospice Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:566-571. [PMID: 33107333 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120969128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found racial differences in hospice knowledge and misconceptions about hospice care, which may hinder access to hospice care. Asian Indians are a rapidly growing population in the United States, yet limited research has focused on their beliefs toward end-of-life care. This project investigates Indian Americans' knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice care and advance care planning. PROCEDURES A cross-sectional design was employed using surveys about participants' knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice care and advance care planning. Surveys were conducted among Indian Americans, age 60 and over, recruited from Indian cultural centers in Northern California. The participants were first asked questions about hospice care. They were then given a summary explanation of hospice care and later asked about their attitudes toward hospice care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analyses. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 82 participants. Findings revealed that 42.5% of respondents had an advance directive and 57.1% had named a health care proxy. Only 10% of respondents had known someone on hospice care and 10.4% correctly answered 4-5 of the knowledge questions. After being informed about hospice care, 69.6% of participants agreed that if a family member was extremely ill, they would consider enrolling him/her in hospice. CONCLUSIONS This study's results present a need for greater education about hospice services among older Asian Indians. Health practitioners should remain cognizant of potential misconceptions of hospice and cultural barriers that Asian Indians may have toward hospice care, so they can tailor conversations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Shirsat
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Hoe
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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