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Voulgarakis N, Gougoulis DA, Psalla D, Papakonstantinou GI, Katsoulis K, Angelidou-Tsifida M, Athanasiou LV, Papatsiros VG, Christodoulopoulos G. Subacute Rumen Acidosis in Greek Dairy Sheep: Prevalence, Impact and Colorimetry Management. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2061. [PMID: 39061523 PMCID: PMC11273728 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a current issue in intensive livestock farming, and it is particularly associated with feeding high-concentrate diets. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of SARA in forty-two Greek dairy sheep flocks by recording rumen pH, milk composition, and milk yield over a period of nine months. Moreover, it explored the use of computerized rumen colorimetry as a management and diagnostic tool for SARA in dairy sheep. In culled ewes, computerized rumen mucosal colorimetry was applied, and rumen wall samples taken for histological examination. SARA cases were identified in 19 farms (45%, n = 42). Farms with SARA cases had lower milk fat levels, while milk yield and milk protein levels did not differ based on the SARA status of the farms. In culled ewes, rumen color was significantly associated with the flock's SARA status, and affected ewes showed increased thickness in non-keratinized and total epithelial layers. It was concluded that computerized rumen mucosal colorimetry in aged, culled ewes shows promise as an indicator, post mortem, of SARA present in dairy sheep flocks whose impact can be minimized by making significant changes in dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Voulgarakis
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (N.V.); (D.A.G.); (G.I.P.); , (V.G.P.)
| | - Dimitrios A. Gougoulis
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (N.V.); (D.A.G.); (G.I.P.); , (V.G.P.)
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (M.A.-T.)
| | - Georgios I. Papakonstantinou
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (N.V.); (D.A.G.); (G.I.P.); , (V.G.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Mariana Angelidou-Tsifida
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (M.A.-T.)
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (N.V.); (D.A.G.); (G.I.P.); , (V.G.P.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (N.V.); (D.A.G.); (G.I.P.); , (V.G.P.)
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Jiménez-Ocampo R, Montoya-Flores MD, Herrera-Torres E, Pámanes-Carrasco G, Arceo-Castillo JI, Valencia-Salazar SS, Arango J, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Ramírez-Avilés L, Solorio-Sánchez FJ, Piñeiro-Vázquez ÁT, Ku-Vera JC. Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061599. [PMID: 34071608 PMCID: PMC8226738 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in human population and the concomitant rise in demand for animal protein have contributed to augment enteric methane emissions. It is imperative to reduce methane, increase sustainable production, avoid the use of chemical compounds, and guarantee quality products for the consumer. Chitosan and naringin possess antimicrobial properties, and they have shown their capacity to reduce methane in in vitro trials. This study investigated their effects as feed additives given to improve ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization and decrease methane in crossbred heifers fed tropical grass. In in vitro experiments, chitosan and naringin at three levels (0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg) showed significant methane reductions when 1.5 g/kg of chitosan was included. The in situ study did not reveal changes in rumen degradability with the inclusion of the additives. However, in in vivo assays, chitosan and naringin at 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg dry matter intake or the combination of both compounds (1.5 and 1.5 g/kg) given directly into the rumen did not induce changes in rumen fermentation, methane production, or nutrient utilization. However, given the promising evidence from other studies, more research needs to be conducted to clarify the potential effects of chitosan and naringin in animal production. Abstract In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
- National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research—INIFAP, Experimental Field Valle del Guadiana, Durango C.P. 34170, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.J.-O.); (J.C.K.-V.)
| | - María Denisse Montoya-Flores
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Physiology and Animal Breeding, National Institute for Forestry, Crops, and Livestock Research—Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ajuchitlan C.P. 76280, Mexico;
| | - Esperanza Herrera-Torres
- National Technologic of Mexico, Technological Institute of Valle del Guadiana, Durango C.P. 34371, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco
- Institute of Silviculture and Wood Industry, National Council of Science and Technology–Durango State Juarez University, Durango CP 34126, Mexico;
| | - Jeyder Israel Arceo-Castillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
| | | | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira C.P. 763537, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Fernando Aguilar-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
| | - Luis Ramírez-Avilés
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
| | - Francisco Javier Solorio-Sánchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ku-Vera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Merida C.P. 97100, Mexico; (J.I.A.-C.); (C.F.A.-P.); (L.R.-A.); (F.J.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.-O.); (J.C.K.-V.)
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Morán L, Andrés S, Blanco C, Benavides J, Martínez-Valladares M, Moloney AP, Giráldez FJ. Effect of dietary supplementation with carnosic acid or vitamin E on animal performance, haematological and immunological characteristics of artificially reared suckling lambs before and after road transport. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:272-284. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1316137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Morán
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Aidan P. Moloney
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Meath, Ireland
| | - F. Javier Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
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The liver antioxidant status of fattening lambs is improved by naringin dietary supplementation at 0.15% rates but not meat quality. Animal 2012; 6:863-70. [PMID: 22558934 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111100214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty Assaf lambs fed barley straw plus a concentrate alone (CONTROL group) or enriched with naringin (1.5 g/kg DM, NARINGIN group) were used to assess the effect of this polyphenolic compound on meat quality attributes. Serum samples were collected for 7 weeks, then the animals were slaughtered and the livers and longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles extracted for analysis. Triacylglycerol levels in the serum samples tended to show (P = 0.087) lower average values for the NARINGIN group when compared with the CONTROL, but no differences were observed when the meat was analysed for the intramuscular fat content. Lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances procedure (TBARS) values (P < 0.001) in the liver of the NARINGIN group were detected, probably as a consequence of naringenin accumulation in this organ. No significant differences were observed in the meat samples concerning TBARS or colour evolution during refrigerated storage, as not enough naringenin would have reached the muscle. Independent of naringin administration, the low levels of the most atherogenic oxysterols must be highlighted as the most important quality score in the lamb meat samples studied.
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Morán L, Andrés S, Bodas R, Benavides J, Prieto N, Pérez V, Giráldez FJ. Antioxidants included in the diet of fattening lambs: Effects on immune response, stress, welfare and distal gut microbiota. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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