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He Z, Li S, Zhao F, Sun H, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li M, Zhao Z, Luo Y. LncRNA and Protein Expression Profiles Reveal Heart Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia in Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:385. [PMID: 38203557 PMCID: PMC10779337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan sheep has an intricate mechanism of adaptation to low oxygen levels, which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The heart plays a crucial role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia. In the present study, we utilized transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to comprehensively analyze and identify the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), genes, proteins, pathways, and gene ontology (GO) terms associated with hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep at three different altitudes (2500 m, 3500 m, and 4500 m). By integrating the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA target genes, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we were able to identify and characterize the mechanisms underlying hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep. Through this integration, we identified 41 shared genes/proteins, and functional enrichment analyses revealed their close association with lipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, significant enrichment was observed in important pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the oxoacid metabolic process, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that lncRNAs (MSTRG.4748.1, ENSOART00020025894, and ENSOART00020036371) may play a pivotal role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to the hypoxic conditions of the plateau. In conclusion, this study expands the existing database of lncRNAs and proteins in Tibetan sheep, and these findings may serve as a reference for the prevention of altitude sickness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.H.); (F.Z.); (H.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.H.); (F.Z.); (H.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.)
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Kostusiak P, Slósarz J, Gołębiewski M, Grodkowski G, Puppel K. Polymorphism of Genes and Their Impact on Beef Quality. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4749-4762. [PMID: 37367051 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) form of genes is a valuable source of information regarding their suitability for use as specific markers of desirable traits in beef cattle breeding. For several decades, breeding work focused on improving production efficiency through optimizing the feed conversion ratio and improving daily gains and meat quality. Many research teams previously undertook research work on single-nucleotide polymorphism in myostatin (MSTN), thyroglobulin (TG), calpain (CAPN), and calpastatin (CAST) proteins. The literature review focuses on the most frequently addressed issues concerning these genes in beef cattle production and points to a number of relevant studies on the genes' polymorphic forms. The four genes presented are worth considering during breeding work as a set of genes that can positively influence productivity and production quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kostusiak
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Slósarz
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grodkowski
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Li W, Wang F, Sun F, Qu Y, Liu C, Han Y, Wang H, Jiang B, Zhong P, Wang J, Song X, Huang M, Ding D. Effects of vitamin A on intramuscular fat development in beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1105754. [PMID: 37008352 PMCID: PMC10050684 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, is the basic substance required to maintain healthy vision and the main physiological functions of cattle. The results from previous studies regarding the effect of vitamin A on intramuscular fat varied. This meta-analysis aimed to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between vitamin A and intramuscular fat content and to provide potential clues for future research and commercial practice. Electronic databases such as MEDLINE and Ovid were systematically searched, and studies investigating the relationship between vitamin A and intramuscular fat content were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) in intramuscular fat percentage and intramuscular fat score, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. The heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. A total of 152 articles were identified through searches of databases. Seven articles were confirmed for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The SMD of IMF percentage derived from the analysis was−0.78 (-2.68, 1.12) (Q = 246.84, p < 0.01). The SMD of the IMF score was 1.25 (-2.75, 5.25) (Q = 87.20, p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis indicates that the addition of vitamin A could decrease intramuscular fat in cattle steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wang
| | - Fang Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunhai Liu
- Liaoning FEEDIG Feedstuff Technology Co., Ltd., Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Botao Jiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueying Song
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Deli Ding
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Livestock Veterinary Branch, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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Identification of Candidate Genes and Functional Pathways Associated with Body Size Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle Based on GWAS Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060992. [PMID: 36978532 PMCID: PMC10044097 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body size is one of the most economically important traits of dairy cattle, as it is significantly associated with cow longevity, production, health, fertility, and environmental adaptation. The identification and application of genetic variants using a novel genetic approach, such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs), may give more insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits. The identification of genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and pathways associated with the body size traits may offer a contribution to genomic selection and long-term planning for selection in dairy cows. In this study, we performed GWAS analysis to identify the genetic markers and genes associated with four body size traits (body height, body depth, chest width, and angularity) in 1000 Chinese Holstein cows. We performed SNPs genotyping in 1000 individuals, based on the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine 100 K. In total, we identified 11 significant SNPs in association with body size traits at the threshold of Bonferroni correction (5.90 × 10−7) using the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model. Several genes within 200 kb distances (upstream or downstream) of the significant SNPs were identified as candidate genes, including MYH15, KHDRBS3, AIP, DCC, SQOR, and UBAP1L. Moreover, genes within 200 kb of the identified SNPs were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.05) in 25 Gene Ontology terms and five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. We anticipate that these results provide a foundation for understanding the genetic architecture of body size traits. They will also contribute to breeding programs and genomic selection work on Chinese Holstein cattle.
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Jin XC, Peng DQ, Kim SJ, Kim NY, Nejad JG, Kim D, Smith SB, Lee HG. Vitamin A supplementation downregulates ADH1C and ALDH1A1 mRNA expression in weaned beef calves. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:372-381. [PMID: 35949197 PMCID: PMC9356019 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that oral vitamin A supplementation during late-stage pregnancy and the neonatal stage enhances birth weight, growth performance, and mRNA expression related to muscle and preadipocyte development in beef cattle. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) c.-64T > C genotype also correlated with vitamin A concentration in beef production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation on the muscle development and vitamin A metabolism in weaned beef calves with different ADH1C genotypes. Twenty male calves (90 d of age; initial BW: 89.03 kg [SD 8.60]) were stratified according to ADH1C genotype and vitamin A treatment (duration: 3 months) and randomly assigned to 4 groups with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Vitamin A treatments included the following: control (10,000 IU/kg of as-fed, a. TT type; b. TC type); treatment (40,000 IU/kg of as-fed, c. TT type; and d. TC type). Parameters including BW, FI, blood, longissimus dorsi muscle, and liver status during the experimental period were analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLM) procedure and Tukey's test by SAS 9.4 program. Serum vitamin A was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A treatment group at 4 and 6 months of age. TT type calves showed higher serum vitamin A concentration (P < 0.05) than the TC type calves. Serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels increased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group compared with the control at 6 months of age. However, BW, ADG and FI showed no differences between the groups. In addition, mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle revealed upregulation of paired box 7 (PAX7) (P < 0.05) after the vitamin A treatment period based on biopsy results. Both ADH1C and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 mRNA expression was downregulated (P < 0.01) by vitamin A supplementation. The TC type of ADH1C showed higher mRNA expression than the TT type. However, no effect was observed on adipogenic mRNA expression (preadipocyte factor-1 [PREF-1], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARγ], fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4]) in all groups. Our findings suggest that weaned calves treated with vitamin A may promote the storage of satellite cells by elevating PAX7 gene expression in the muscle. The TC type calves may show increased capacity for vitamin A metabolism, which can be used in genetically customizing feed management to maximize beef production in the calves.
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The Meat Quality Characteristics of Holstein Calves: The Story of Israeli 'Dairy Beef'. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102308. [PMID: 34681357 PMCID: PMC8534874 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global animal production systems are often criticized for their lack of sustainability and insufficient resilience to ensure food security. The ‘farm-to-fork’ approach aims at orienting food systems towards the creation of a positive environmental impact, nutritious, healthy, safe and sufficient foods, and fairer economic returns for primary producers. Many countries rely on an imported supply of live animals to fulfill their needs for fresh meat. In Israel, ~60% of the sources of fresh beef come from the import of live animals. In order to encourage sustainable beef production in Israel, the proportion of local beef should be raised at the expense of imported animals. However, for this to be achieved, the superior performance of local beef should be justified. The current study was conducted to compare between the meat quality characteristics of local (Israeli Holstein; N = 205) vs. imported (Australian; N = 169) animals. Generally, while the imported calves presented a higher dressing percentage (p < 0.0001), the local animals were characterized by tenderer meat (p < 0.0001), longer sarcomeres (p < 0.0001), higher a* color attributes and pH (p < 0.001), superior cooking (p = 0.002) and thawing loss (p < 0.0001), higher intra-muscular fat (IMF) content, and a higher PUFA proportion (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and PUFA:SFA ratio. The findings shown herein may provide sound arguments for stakeholders and policy makers to facilitate sustainable local beef production in Israel.
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Peng DQ, Smith SB, Lee HG. Vitamin A regulates intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development: promoting high-quality beef production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:34. [PMID: 33663602 PMCID: PMC7934359 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During growth in cattle, the development of intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle is dependent upon cell hyperplasia (increased number of adipocytes) and hypertrophy (increased size of adipocytes). Based on the results of previous studies, other adipose tissue depots (e.g., perirenal and subcutaneous) develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose tissue. The hyperplastic stage of intramuscular adipose is considered to develop from late pregnancy, but there is no evidence indicating that intramuscular adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose tissue. Hyperplastic growth of intramuscular adipose continues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets; thereafter, the late-stage development of intramuscular adipose tissue is dominated by hypertrophy. For muscle development, hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early (following development of somites in the embryo) to middle pregnancy, after which growth of muscle is the result of hypertrophy of myofibers. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound that is required for the normal immunologic function, vision, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. Here we review the roles of vitamin A in intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development in cattle. Vitamin A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in in vitro experiments. Vitamin A supplementation at the early stage and restriction at fattening stage generate opposite effects in the beef cattle. Appropriate vitamin A supplementation and restriction strategy increase intramuscular adipose tissue development (i.e., marbling or intramuscular fat) in some in vivo trials. Besides, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affected by vitamin A treatment in in vitro trials. Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C (ADH1C) genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction. Therefore, the feed strategy of vitamin A has the visible impact on the marbling and muscle development in the cattle, which will be helpful to promote the quality of the beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiao Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Effect of feeding a low-vitamin A diet on carcass and production characteristics of steers with a high or low propensity for marbling. Animal 2020; 14:2308-2314. [PMID: 32517827 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research group demonstrated that vitamin A restriction affected meat quality of Angus cross and Simmental steers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the genotype variations in response to dietary vitamin A levels. Commercial Angus and Simmental steers (n = 32 per breed; initial BW = 337.2 ± 5.9 kg; ~8 months of age) were fed a low-vitamin A (LVA) (1017 IU/kg DM) backgrounding diet for 95 days to reduce hepatic vitamin A stores. During finishing, steers were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of genotype × dietary vitamin A concentration. The LVA treatment was a finishing diet with no supplemental vitamin A (723 IU vitamin A/kg DM); the control (CON) was the LVA diet plus supplementation with 2200 IU vitamin A/kg DM. Blood samples were collected at three time points throughout the study to analyze serum retinol concentration. At the completion of finishing, steers were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Meat characteristics assessed were intramuscular fat concentration, color, Warner-Bratzler shear force, cook loss and pH. Camera image analysis was used for determination of marbling, 12th rib back fat and longissimus muscle area (LMA). The LVA steers had lower (P < 0.001) serum retinol concentration than CON steers. The LVA treatment resulted in greater (P = 0.03) average daily gain than the CON treatment, 1.52 and 1.44 ± 0.03 kg/day, respectively; however, there was no effect of treatment on final BW, DM intake or feed efficiency. Cooking loss and yield grade were greater and LMA was smaller in LVA steers (P < 0.05). There was an interaction between breed and treatment for marbling score (P = 0.01) and percentage of carcasses grading United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Prime (P = 0.02). For Angus steers, LVA treatment resulted in a 16% greater marbling score than CON (683 and 570 ± 40, respectively) and 27% of LVA Angus steers graded USDA Prime compared with 0% for CON. Conversely, there was no difference in marbling score or USDA Quality Grades between LVA and CON for Simmental steers. In conclusion, feeding a LVA diet during finishing increased marbling in Angus but not in Simmental steers. Reducing the vitamin A level of finishing diets fed to cattle with a high propensity to marble, such as Angus, has the potential to increase economically important traits such as marbling and quality grade without negatively impacting gain : feed or yield grade.
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Campos CF, Costa TC, Rodrigues RTS, Guimarães SEF, Moura FH, Silva W, Chizzotti ML, Paulino PVR, Benedeti PDB, Silva FF, Duarte MS. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in beef cattle supplemented with vitamin A. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3536-3543. [PMID: 32240539 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A has been reported as a factor influencing marbling deposition in meat from animals. Although the mechanisms by which vitamin A regulates lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes are already well-established, information regarding molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin A on the regulation of intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle still remains limited. The present study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle supplemented with vitamin A during the fattening phase using a proteomic approach. RESULTS Vitamin A supplementation during the fattening phase decreased intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle. Proteome and phospho-proteome analysis together with biological and networking analysis of the protein differentially abundant between treatments indicated that Vitamin A supplementation affects the overall energy metabolism of skeletal muscle, impairing lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Vitamin A supplementation at fattening phase impairs intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle likely by changing the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. The interaction of retinoic acid and heat shock 70-kDa protein may play a pivotal role in intramuscular fat deposition as a consequence of vitamin A supplementation by impairing de novo fatty acid synthesis as a result of a possible decrease in insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Rafael T S Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal do vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe H Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Walmir Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mario L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro D B Benedeti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Fabyano F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Feedlot performance and immune function analysis of implanted and non-implanted steers selected for alcohol dehydrogenase 1 C (ADH1C) genotype and fed a low vitamin A diet. Animal 2018; 13:292-300. [PMID: 29909812 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the interaction between limiting vitamin A (VA) and an alcohol dehydrogenase 1 C (ADH1C) variant in beef cattle results in increased intramuscular fat in the longissimus thoracis muscle in one genotype when fed low dietary VA. Although quality grade is important for increased profitability and improving taste characteristics of beef products, limiting VA too drastically can impair animal welfare. The objectives of this study were to determine if this marker-assisted management strategy would be effective, and whether any impairment in immune function would occur in a feedlot setting. Mixed breed beef steers (n=2000) were sorted into 40 feedlot pens so that all combinations of ADH1C genotype (TT or CT), VA level (50% or 100% of recommended) and hormonal implant status (implanted (IMP) or non-implanted (NI)) were equally represented within the population. The VA×ADH1C interaction was not observed. An implant status × ADH1C interaction was observed with average daily gain (ADG; P=0.03). Steers that were IMP and CT had higher ADG than IMP TT (CT=1.69 and TT=1.62 kg/day), whereas both genotypes in the NI steers were lower (CT=1.29 and TT=1.32 kg/day). Implant status was shown to affect dry matter intake (DMI; IMP=8.55 and NI=7.87 kg; P<0.01), total days-on-feed (IMP=164.4 and NI 210.5 days; P<0.01), USDA yield grade (YIELD; IMP=2.40 and NI=2.77; P<0.01), marbling score (MARB; IMP=392 and NI=455; P<0.01), longissimus thoracis area (LTA; IMP=85.0 and NI=80.7 cm2; P=0.01) and backfat thickness (FAT; IMP=8.0 and NI 10.0 mm; P<0.01). Overall, IMP animals finished on fewer total days-on-feed with higher ADG, DMI, larger LTA, and lower YIELD, MARB and FAT. To investigate immune function parameters, crossbred steers (n=18) were selected from a prior feeding trial so that all combinations of ADH1C (TT, CT and CC) and VA (25% or 75%) were equally represented. Blood cell count analysis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and stimulation assays were conducted. None of these immune parameters were affected by VA level. Treatment and mortality records were examined in the 2000 steer population, where no correlations with ADH1C, implant status or VA level were observed. Due to no VA × ADH1C interaction, this nutrigenetic marker-assisted management strategy is not effective at this time in commercial beef cattle feedlots, however, supplementing VA at a level as low as 25% of recommended in finishing rations would likely not result in signs of immune dysfunction.
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Park SJ, Beak SH, Jung DJS, Kim SY, Jeong IH, Piao MY, Kang HJ, Fassah DM, Na SW, Yoo SP, Baik M. Genetic, management, and nutritional factors affecting intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1043-1061. [PMID: 29879830 PMCID: PMC6039335 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer’s beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Da Jin Sol Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - In Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Yu Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeok Joong Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dilla Mareistia Fassah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Weon Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seon Pil Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Peng DQ, Jung US, Lee JS, Kim WS, Jo YH, Kim MJ, Oh YK, Baek YC, Hwang SG, Lee HG. Effect of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype on vitamin A restriction and marbling in Korean native steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1099-1104. [PMID: 28183173 PMCID: PMC5494483 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period. Methods In study 1, 60 Korean native steers were fed a diet (890 IU/kg) with 8,000 IU and 0 IU of supplemental premix vitamin A/kg of dry matter (DM) for control and treatment group, respectively. The levels of serum vitamin A were analyzed through high preparative performance liquid chromatography, and the ADH1C genotype was analyzed based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP; 78.1% TT type, 21.9% TC type); however, CC type was not found. Then, the interaction between ADH1C and carcass traits on the vitamin A restriction was investigated in study 2. A total of 136 Korean native steers were fed a diet that included 930 IU/kg vitamin A of DM. Results Serum vitamin A in treatment was reduced to 112.4 IU/dL in steers with TT type of ADH1C, while for steers with TC type the concentration of serum vitamin A was dropped to 79.5 IU/dL (p<0.1) in study 1. This showed that TC type had the potential to lower serum vitamin A concentration during vitamin A restriction compared to TT type. In study 2 we found that eye muscle area, marbling and carcass weight in Korean native steers with TC type were higher than in steers with TT type (p<0.05). Conclusion The interaction between vitamin A restriction and TC type of ADH1C gene could have the potential of increasing the marbling in Korean native steers. These results indicated that steers with TC type of the ADH1C gene were more sensitive to the change of serum vitamin A than TT types. Furthermore, this finding has the potential to enable a higher marbling score under the condition of vitamin A restriction in Korean native steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiao Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - U Suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young Kun Oh
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology team, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Youl Chang Baek
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology team, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Seong Gu Hwang
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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