1
|
Chen Y, Steeneveld W, Frankena K, Leemans I, Aardema H, Vos PLAM, Nielen M, Hostens M. Association between days post-conception and lactation persistency in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5794-5804. [PMID: 38580151 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Determining the optimal insemination moment for individual cows is complex, particularly when considering the effects of pregnancy on milk production. The effect of pregnancy on the absolute milk yield has already been reported in several studies. Currently, there is limited quantitative knowledge about the association between days post-conception (DPC) and lactation persistency, based on a lactation curve model, and, specifically, how persistency changes during pregnancy and relates to the days in milk at conception (DIMc). Understanding this association might provide valuable insights to determine the optimal insemination moment. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between DPC and lactation persistency, with an additional focus on the influence of DIMc. Available milk production data from 2005 to 2022 were available for 23,908 cows from 87 herds located throughout the Netherlands and Belgium. Persistency was measured by a lactation curve characteristic decay, representing the time taken to halve milk production after peak yield. Decay was calculated for 8 DPC (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 d after DIMc) and served as the dependent variable. Independent variables included DPC, DIMc (≤60, 61-90, 91-120, 121-150, 151-180, 181-210, >210), parity group, DPC × parity group, DPC × DIMc, and variables from 30 d before DIMc as covariates. The results showed an increase in decay, which is to say, a decrease in persistency, during pregnancy for both parity groups, albeit in different ways. Specifically, from DPC 150 to DPC 210, multiparous cows showed a greater decline in persistency compared with primiparous cows. Furthermore, a later DIMc (cows conceiving later) was associated with higher persistency. Except for the early DIMc groups (DIMc <90), DIMc does not affect the change in persistency by gestation. The findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of how DPC and DIMc during lactation influence lactation persistency, enabling more informed decision-making by farmers who wish to take persistency into account in their reproduction management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - W Steeneveld
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Frankena
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Leemans
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Aardema
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P L A M Vos
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Nielen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Igoshin AV, Mishakova TM, Aitnazarov RB, Ilina AV, Larkin DM, Yudin NS. Association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the LPIN1 gene with milk production traits in cows of the Yaroslavl breed. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:117-125. [PMID: 38465251 PMCID: PMC10917680 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of proteins and is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. On the one hand, lipin-1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG) and thus participates in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of storage lipids in the cell, membrane phospholipids, and intracellular signaling molecules. On the other hand, lipin-1 is able to be transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and is a coactivator of lipid metabolism gene transcription. It was shown, using the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations, that the lipin-1 coding gene (LPIN1) is a promising candidate gene for milk production traits in Holstein and Brown Swiss cows. However, it is unclear how much of its effect depends on the breed. The Yaroslavl dairy cattle breed was created in the 18-19 centuries in Russia by breeding northern Great Russian cattle, which were short and poor productive, but well adapted to local climatic conditions and bad food base. It was shown by whole genome genotyping and sequencing that the Yaroslavl breed has unique genetics compared to Russian and other cattle breeds. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of alleles and genotypes of three SNPs in the LPIN1 gene and to study the association of these SNPs with milk production traits in Yaroslavl cows. Blood samples from 142 cows of the Yaroslavl breed were obtained from two farms in the Yaroslavl region. Genotyping of SNPs was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Associations of SNPs with 305-day milk yield, fat yield, fat percentages, protein yield, and protein percentages were studied from the first to the fourth lactation. Statistical tests were carried out using a mixed linear model, taking into account the relationship between individuals. We identified three SNPs - rs110871255, rs207681322 and rs109039955 with a frequency of a rare allele of 0.042-0.261 in Yaroslavl cows. SNP rs110871255 was associated with fat yield during the third and fourth lactations. SNP rs207681322 was associated with milk yield for the second, third and fourth lactations, as well as protein yield for the third lactation. Thus, we identified significant associations of SNPs rs207681322 and rs110871255 in the LPIN1 gene with a number of milk production traits during several lactations in Yaroslavl cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Igoshin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Mishakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R B Aitnazarov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Ilina
- Federal Williams Research Center for Forage Production and Agroecology, Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
| | - D M Larkin
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N S Yudin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ukita H, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi S, Abe H, Baba T, Bai H, Takahashi M, Kawahara M. Environmental factors affecting the conception rates of nulliparous and primiparous dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6947-6955. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
4
|
Ishida S, Osawa T, Yamaguchi S, Yamazaki T, Hagiya K. Suitable indicator of heat stress for genetic evaluation of heat tolerance in Holstein cows in Japan. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13688. [PMID: 35112421 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Only a few, principal, weather stations in Japanese prefectures have the daily humidity records required to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) as a dairy cow heat-stress indicator. We compared three heat-stress indices: (1) THI calculated from daily average temperature and daily relative humidity at a principal weather station (PTHI); (2) daily average temperature at each herd's closest local weather station (TEMP); and (3) THI calculated from daily average temperature at each herd's closest local weather station and daily relative humidity at the principal weather station (HTHI). We used daily records from 532 provincial weather stations and test-day records of milk production from Days 6 to 305 post-first-calving in Holsteins to compare the indices as indicators of heat-stress effects on milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS). The models used the BLUPF90 package to analyze the effects of herd-year, calving age, days in milk, and PTHI, TEMP, or HTHI. We estimated each model's mean square error (MSE) and compared suitabilities among indices for each trait. TEMP heat-stress thresholds were ~18°C (milk yield) and 15-20°C (SCS). The MSE of the HTHI model was the smallest, but no significant differences were found among the indices for milk yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Ishida
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Takefumi Osawa
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Hagiya
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamazaki T, Takeda H, Sasaki O. Simulation of the lifetime productivity of a dairy herd in Japan according to the number of days to first service of cows. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13740. [PMID: 35670449 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the optimal voluntary waiting period to first service after calving for maximizing the lifetime productivity of cows in a dairy herd, we simulated the changes in lifetime productivity due to increasing the number of days from calving to first service. We also assessed the effects of changes in the maximum number of services within a lactation, maximum number of calvings, and calf sale prices on lifetime productivity. We evaluated lifetime productivity as lifetime average productivity, that is, the sum of daily revenues from milk and calf sales from first calving to culling. The lifetime productivity at ≤65 days to first service was low because of the low conception rate during early lactation. In addition, lifetime productivity at ≥185 days to first service decreased as the number of days to first service increased. The number of days to first service for maximum lifetime productivity decreased as the maximum number of calvings increased. Furthermore, the decrease in lifetime productivity associated with decreasing the maximum number of services within a lactation from five to four was greater than that when the maximum number of calvings was decreased from six to five.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisato Takeda
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Sasaki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamed AMAE, Kamel ER. Effect of some non-genetic factors on the productivity and profitability of Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Vet World 2021; 14:242-249. [PMID: 33642810 PMCID: PMC7896893 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.242-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Milk yield (MY) is one of the main factors that affect the economic profitability of dairy farms. Thus, increasing the MY per animal and decreasing the feed cost can lead to economic gains, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry period length (DPL), days open (DO), and days in milk (DIM) on the productivity and profitability of dairy cow farms. Materials and Methods: Data used in this study were taken from 3095 lactation records of Friesian dairy cows of private and governmental sectors. The data were classified into 4 DPL categories: DPL1 <45 days; DPL2 45-60 days; DPL3 61-75 days, and DPL4 >75 days, 3 DO categories: DO1 ≤90 days; DO2 91-110 days and DO3 >111 days, and 8 DIM categories: DIM1 180-210 days; DIM2 211-240 days; DIM3 241-270 days; DIM4 271-300 days; DIM5 301-330 days; DIM6 331-360 days; DIM7 361-447 days; and DIM8 >447 days. Results: The average net profit (NP) was significantly different (p<0.05) among different categories of DPL, DO, and DIM in both production sectors, where high estimates of NP were calculated for DPL3 (30667.3 EGP), and it was the lowest for DPL1 (19690.6 EGP). DO2 had the highest NP (30754.1 EGP), while DO3 had the lowest NP (24875.5 EGP). DIM3 had the highest NP (29569.3 EGP), while DIM8 had the lowest NP (19528.4 EGP). Conclusion: Finally, we can conclude that DPL 61-75 days, DO 91-110 days, and DIM 241-270 days had the highest level of total MY, total return, and NP. Private dairy cow farms achieve a higher level of NP than governmental ones under subtropical Egyptian conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Abd-El Hamed
- Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Eman R Kamel
- Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalyubia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasaki O, Takeda H, Nishiura A. The economic value of days open in Holstein cows in Japan based on simulated changes in conception rate. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13342. [PMID: 32219940 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing herd-life length and culling parity with increasing conception rate (CR) is necessary to increase lifetime profit from dairy cow production. Economic values of days open (DO) were determined by calculating changes in fertility traits, herd-life length, and milk yield when the simulated CR were changed in increments of 1% from -5% to 5% from the basal levels, which were obtained for Hokkaido and regions other than Hokkaido separately. When CR increased, number of artificial inseminations, DO, and milking length decreased. Furthermore, culling parity, and annual milk yield increased. Herd-life length increased in Hokkaido and decreased in the other regions. The economic values of CR were 1,623.8 to 946.8 yen and of DO were 857.4 to 399.0 yen. Relative economic values of milk yield to days open per genetic standard deviation were higher in the other regions than in Hokkaido where the economic effect of selection for DO was expected to be equal to selection for 305-day milk yield and herd life. If the survival rate of multipara cows in the other regions increases, then the economic value of DO would similarly increase in Hokkaido.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sasaki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisato Takeda
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiura
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagiya K, Atagi Y, Osawa T, Yamazaki T. Genetic evaluation of heat tolerance in Holstein cows in Japan. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13437. [PMID: 32761701 PMCID: PMC7507189 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We used test-day records and daily records from provincial weather stations in Japan to evaluate heat tolerance (HT) in Holstein cows according to a random regression test-day model. Data were a total of 1,641,952 test-day records for heritability estimates and 17,245,694 test-day records for genetic evaluation of HT by using milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time in 2000 through 2015. Temperature-humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity records from 60 provincial Japanese weather stations. The model contained herd-test-day, with lactation curves on days in milk within month-age group as a fixed effect. General additive genetic effect and HT of additive genetic effect were included as random effects. The threshold value of THI was set to 60. For milk yield, estimated mean heritabilities were lower during heat stress (THI = 78; 0.20 and 0.28) than when below the heat stress threshold (THI ≤ 60; 0.26 and 0.31). For SCS, heritability estimates (range 0.08-0.10) were similar under all heat stress conditions. Genetic trends of HT indicated that EBVs of HT are changing in an undesirable direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hagiya
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yamato Atagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hagiya K, Bamba I, Osawa T, Atagi Y, Takusari N, Itoh F, Yamazaki T. Length of lags in responses of milk yield and somatic cell score on test day to heat stress in Holsteins. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:613-618. [PMID: 30815937 PMCID: PMC6593864 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We used daily records from provincial Japanese weather stations and monthly test-day records of milk production to investigate the length of the lags in the responses of cows' milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) to heat stress (HS). We also investigated the HS thresholds in milk yield and SCS. Data were a total of 17,245,709 test-day records for milk and SCS in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time between 2000 and 2015, along with weather records from 60 weather stations. Temperature-humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity. Adjusted THI values were calculated by using temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model contained herd, calving year, month of test day, age group, days in milk, and THI as a fixed effect. THIs for each day from 14 days before the test day until the test day were used to represent the HS effects. The HS occurring 3 days, and between 8 and 10 days, before the test day had the greatest effect on the milk yield and SCS, respectively. The threshold THI values for the HS effect were about 60-65 for both traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hagiya
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ikumi Bamba
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Takefumi Osawa
- Data Analysis Division, National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yamato Atagi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumiaki Itoh
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|