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Ferreira FG, Leite LC, Alba HDR, Pina DDS, Santos SA, Tosto MSL, Rodrigues CS, Silva RR, de Freitas Júnior JE, Mesquita BMADC, de Carvalho GGP. Licury Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Intake, Digestibility, Feeding Behavior, Milk Production and Composition, and Nitrogen Metabolism. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2535. [PMID: 37570343 PMCID: PMC10416849 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of licury cake (LC) inclusion in the diets of lactating goats on productive and metabolic performance. Twelve lactating goats, eight Saanen and four Anglo-Nubian, were distributed in a triplicate 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four treatments (0, 66.7, 133.3, and 200 g kg-1 of dry matter-DM). On the one hand, the LC inclusion increased neutral detergent fiber, indigestible neutral detergent fiber, and potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001) intake. On the other hand, LC inclusion reduced ether extract and non-fibrous carbohydrate (p < 0.001) intake. There was a reduction in dry matter digestibility (p = 0.018) and an increase in neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p = 0.036). Feeding (p = 0.005) and rumination (p < 0.001) efficiencies increased with LC inclusion. The nitrogen balance was similar for all tested diets; however, we observed recycling metabolism. Based on the studied parameters, mainly milk production and composition, we recommend the LC inclusion of up to 200 g kg-1 DM in diets for lactating goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Laudí C. Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380000, Brazil;
| | - Henry D. R. Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Douglas dos S. Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Stefanie A. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Manuela S. L. Tosto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Carlindo S. Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Robério R. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga 45700000, Brazil;
| | - José E. de Freitas Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
| | - Bruna M. A. de C. Mesquita
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404547, Brazil;
| | - Gleidson G. P. de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (F.G.F.); (H.D.R.A.); (D.d.S.P.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.L.T.); (C.S.R.); (J.E.d.F.J.)
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Olsen MA, Ferneborg S, Vhile SG, Kidane A, Skeie SB. Different protein sources in concentrate feed for dairy cows affect cheese-making properties and yield. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5328-5337. [PMID: 37268587 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is a commonly used protein source in feed. Yeast microbial protein could be used as a substitute for SBM, but its effect on cheese-making properties and yield is not known. Norwegian Red dairy cows (n = 48) in early or mid lactation were divided in 3 groups and fed a ration consisting of grass silage and concentrate, where the concentrates were barley based but with different additional protein sources. These were: completely barley based with no additional protein source (BAR), additional protein from SBM, or additional protein from yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii; YEA). The SBM and YEA concentrates had a higher protein content than the barley concentrate. Four batches of cheese were made from pooled milk from each of the 3 groups of dairy cows. Milk samples were collected 5 times during the experiment. Milk from cows fed BAR concentrate showed inferior cheese-making properties (lower casein content, longer renneting time, lower content of phosphorus, and lower cheese yield) compared with SBM and YEA concentrates. Overall, SBM or YEA bulk milk had similar cheese-making properties, but when investigating individual milk samples, YEA milk showed better coagulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Olsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - S Ferneborg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - S G Vhile
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - A Kidane
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - S B Skeie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Varela AMG, de Lima Junior DM, de Araújo TLAC, de Souza Junior JBF, de Macedo Costa LL, Pereira MWF, Batista NV, de Lima Melo VL, de Oliveira Lima P. The effect of propolis extract on milk production and composition, serum biochemistry, and physiological parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:244. [PMID: 37340113 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether feeding propolis extract (PE) influences nutrient intake, milk production and composition, serum biochemistry, and physiological parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. For this purpose, we used three primiparous Holstein cows with a lactation period of 94 ± 4 days and with 485 ± 13 kg body weight. The treatments were 0 mL/day, 32 mL/day, and 64 mL/day of PE randomly assigned in a 3x3 Latin square design, repeated over time. The experiment lasted a total of 102 days; each Latin square lasted 51 days divided into three 17-day periods (12 days for adaptation and five days for data collection). The PE supply did not influence (P > 0.05) the cows' intake of dry matter (18.96 kg/d), crude protein (2.83 kg/d), and neutral detergent-insoluble fiber (7.36 kg/d), but there was an increase in feeding time with the 64 ml/day PE supply (P < 0.05). Providing 64 ml/day of PE tended (P = 0.06) to increase milk production by 11.64% and improve gross feed efficiency of cows by 12.04%. The PE supply did not influence milk composition and blood parameters of cows (P > 0.05). Offering 32 mL/day of PE decreased (P < 0.05) the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of cows. We recommend a supply of 64 mL/day of PE for heat-stressed dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Michell Garcia Varela
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Junior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil.
| | | | - João Batista Freire de Souza Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- ThermoBio - Research Nucleus in Applied Animal Biometeorology, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lelis de Macedo Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
- ThermoBio - Research Nucleus in Applied Animal Biometeorology, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Nayane Valente Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lucas de Lima Melo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
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Palm Kernel Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Intake, Digestibility, Feeding Behavior, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Metabolism. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182323. [PMID: 36139182 PMCID: PMC9495131 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the optimal inclusion rate of palm kernel cake (PKC) in diets for lactating goats based on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and nitrogen metabolism. Twelve goats were used, eight Saanen and four Anglo Nubian, with a body weight of 46.0 ± 9.4 kg and 105 ± 5 days of lactation, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design in triplicate. The diets were composed of increasing levels of PKC; 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg−1 of dry matter (DM). The DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes decreased (p < 0.01) with the PKC inclusion. Milk production and milk protein decreased (p = 0.001), and milk production efficiency was not affected (p > 0.05) by the PKC inclusion. The ether extract intake varied quadratically (p < 0.01). Feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter and NDF were reduced (p < 0.001). The fat and total solids contents of the milk were influenced quadratically (p < 0.05). Nitrogen excretion (feces and milk), and retained nitrogen decreased (p < 0.001). Moderate use of up to 80 g kg−1 DM of PKC in the diet of lactating goats is recommended since at these levels milk production or body weight are significantly affected.
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Silva MLF, de Carvalho GGP, da Silva FF, Santos LV, Santos MDC, da Silva APG, Danieleto AS, Mandinga TDCS, Paixão TR, de Lima Júnior DM, Silva RR. Effect of dietary inclusion of licuri cake on intake, feeding behavior, and performance of feedlot cull cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:262. [PMID: 35953733 PMCID: PMC9371959 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Licuri cake (LC) is an interesting alternative nutritional component for high-grain diets for ruminants due to its high protein (21.6% CP), fat (12.0% EE), and fiber (62.8% NDF) contents. We investigated the effect of increasing levels of LC inclusion on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, performance, and carcass traits of cull cows fed high-grain diets. Forty Zebu cows with an initial weight of 318 ± 38.1 kg, at 105 months of age, were confined in collective stalls and fed (ad libitum) a diet containing 0, 50, 100, or 150 g/kg LC on a diet dry matter (DM) basis. Licuri cake inclusion induced quadratic responses (P < 0.05) in the intakes of DM (9.57 kg/day at 97.8 g/kg LC), crude protein (CP; 1.02 kg/day at 91.7 g/kg LC), and total digestible nutrients (6.68 kg/day at 75.2 g/kg LC). The digestibility of DM, CP, and non-fibrous carbohydrates decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake and rumination efficiencies increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of LC in the diet. The inclusion of LC did not influence (P > 0.05) on daily weight gain, hot carcass weight, or back fat thickness in the carcass. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of up to 150 g/kg LC in high-grain diets for feedlot cull cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil.
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Bittencourt CA, Júnior RTA, Silva EE, Meneguette JR, Schuh BR, Daley VDL, Fernandes SR, Signoretti RD, Freitas JA. Replacement of soybean meal with alternative protein sources in the concentrate supplement for lactating Holstein × Gyr cows in an intensive tropical pasture-based system: effects on performance, milk composition, and diurnal ingestive behavior. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang GN, Fang XP, Zhao C, Wu HY, Lan YX, Che L, Sun YK, Lv JY, Zhang YG, Pan CF. Effects of replacing soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake and dried distillers grains with solubles on milk performance and antioxidant functions in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100004. [PMID: 33526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin seed cake (PSC), a byproduct of pumpkin seed oil processing, is used in ruminant feed as a beneficial protein source. Experiments were conducted to evaluate PSC as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of lactating cows based on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nitrogen partitioning. Six multiparous lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 27-day periods. The cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups: group (1) was fed a diet containing no PSC (0PSC), and groups (2) and (3) were fed diets in which soybean meal was replaced with PSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at levels of 50% (50PSC) and 100% (100PSC), respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous and contained identical roughage but different proportions of PSC and DDGS. Replacement of soybean meal with PSC and DDGS did not influence rumen degradation, milk performance, rumen fermentation, DM intake or apparent total tract digestibility, and nitrogen partitioning between milk, feces and urine did not differ in the animals fed the three diets. However, compared with a diet containing no PSC, the total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) activities (P < 0.05) were increased in the animals that received the 50PSC and 100PSC diets. In contrast, addition of PSC significantly reduced concentrations of aspartate transaminase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) in the plasma. These results demonstrate that PSC can be completely substituted for soybean meal in the diet of dairy cows without any negative impact on milk performance, rumen fermentation or apparent digestibility and that this dietary change improves antioxidant functions and blood parameters in dairy cows, indicating that PSC has the potential for use as a feed source for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - G N Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - X P Fang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - C Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H Y Wu
- Jinlin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 130033, PR China
| | - Y X Lan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - L Che
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y K Sun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J Y Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - C F Pan
- Heilongjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed, Harbin 150036, PR China
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Olsen MA, Vhile SG, Porcellato D, Kidane A, Skeie SB. Feeding concentrates with different protein sources to high-yielding, mid-lactation Norwegian Red cows: Effect on cheese ripening. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4062-4073. [PMID: 33551152 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soybean meal is one of the most important protein sources in concentrate feeds for dairy cows. The objective of the present study was to provide knowledge on the effects of using a novel yeast microbial protein source (Candida utilis) in concentrate feed for dairy cows on the production and quality of a Gouda-type cheese. Forty-eight Norwegian Red dairy cows in early to mid lactation were fed a basal diet of grass silage, which was supplemented with 3 different concentrate feeds. The protein source of the concentrates was based on conventional soybean meal (SBM), novel yeast (C. utilis; YEA), or barley (BAR; used as negative control because barley has a lower protein content). The experiment was carried out for a period of 10 wk, with the first 2 wk as an adaptation period where all dairy cows were fed grass silage and the SBM concentrate. The cows were then randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 different compound feeds: SBM, yeast, or barley. Cheeses were made during wk 8 and 9 of the experiment, with 4 batches of cheese made from milk from each of the 3 groups. The cheeses made from milk from cows fed SBM concentrate (SBM cheese) had a higher content of dl-pyroglutamic acid and free amino acids than the other cheeses, indicating a faster ripening in the SBM cheeses. Despite these differences, the sensory properties, the microbiota, and the Lactococcus population at 15 wk of ripening were not significantly different between the cheeses. This experiment showed that although the raw materials used in the concentrate feed clearly influenced the ripening of the cheeses, this did not affect cheese quality. Yeast (C. utilis) as a protein source in concentrate feed for dairy cows can be used as a replacement for soybean meal without compromising the quality of Norwegian Gouda-type cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Olsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - S G Vhile
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - D Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - A Kidane
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - S B Skeie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Buriti Oil on Lamb Performance, Carcass Traits, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ingestive Behavior and Blood Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111973. [PMID: 33126402 PMCID: PMC7693342 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary fat is important for animals, not only because it supplies essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, but also because of its high energy content, approximately twice as many calories per gram of carbohydrates. Thus, it induces a caloric increase, in addition to modulating the fatty acid (FA) profile of meat. Vegetable oils inclusion in the diet of lambs improves the lipid quality of meat. Among them, buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.F.) is an example that stands out; it can represent an important alternative to meet the energy demands of lambs, particularly because of its easy availability, especially in the northern and northeast states of Brazil. In addition, as a consequence of the high cost of protein supplements in feed concentrates, unconventional alternatives have been exploited in recent years. Thus, this research proposes the use of a byproduct of the biofuel industry. This study was conducted to enhance our knowledge of interesting opportunities for farmers in terms of lamb meat production. Its use could promote activity in the livestock sector by reducing feed costs and becoming an alternative to producers without easy access to more expensive supplements. Abstract Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil (BO) is a byproduct that can be incorporated into the diet of lambs, thus increasing the energy density. The study aimed to evaluate the optimum BO inclusion level in lamb diets. Sixty-five Santa Ines lambs were distributed in two completely randomized experiments with five treatments each (BO inclusion at 0 (control), 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg dry matter (DM) total). The BO supplementation to partially replace ground corn linearly decreased the nutrient intake and digestibility of DM, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), N° chews/bolus, DM and NDF rumination or eating efficiencies, the N intake and N balance, carcass weights and yields, and dressing content of lamb carcasses (p < 0.05). The addition of BO responded quadratically to DM eating efficiency and N-fecal and N-urinary excretion (p < 0.05). The linear response plateau (LRP) analysis demonstrated that the levels of 0 and 12 g/kg of BO were similar, and improved intake and digestibility and consequently performance (p < 0.001). There was a linear increase in feed efficiency and shrinkage after chilling with the BO inclusion replacing ground corn. The inclusion of 12 g/kg BO in the total DM of diet is recommended, because it improves feeding intake, digestibility and performance of lambs.
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Lima MVS, Bagaldo AR, Müller M, Pinheiro EEG, Almeida BJ, Mugab LC, Araújo FL, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, production, and composition of goat milk supplemented with detoxified castor bean meal added urea as a replacement of soybean meal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2135-2143. [PMID: 32086699 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the castor bean meal detoxified with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] added urea replacing soybean meal in the diet of lactating goats from milk production and composition, intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior. Eight Alpine multiparous goats weighting 44.3 ± 5.3 kg and at approximately 60 days of lactation were confined and randomly distributed in 4 × 4 double Latin squares, with four inclusion levels of detoxified castor meal: control (0), 25, 50, and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM) total. Detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05) in goats diet did not affect intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, times spent for eating, and efficiency ratios of rumination and eating. However, the times spent for rumination and idling showed a quadratic trend decrease (P < 0.01) from the level of 50.0-g/kg DM. The milk production, and the milk production correction showed a quadratic trend increase and feeding efficiency a quadratic decrease (P = 0.03) due inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal up to the level of 25.0 g/kg. The fat, protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat solids, and milk urea nitrogen content (g/day) presented a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) by detoxified castor meal inclusion. Detoxified castor bean meal added urea in the Alpine goats diet could be included up to the 25.0 g/kg level replacing soybean meal in the diet because improve milk production and composition and feeding efficiency of goats without negatively effect on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V S Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - A R Bagaldo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - M Müller
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - E E G Pinheiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - B J Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L C Mugab
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Zambeze University, P.O. Box 49, Mocuba, Zambézia Province, Mozambique
| | - F L Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, km 135, Bom Jesus, Piaui, 64900000, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil.
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Ma J, Ma C, Fan X, Shah AM, Mao J. Use of condensed molasses fermentation solubles as an alternative source of concentrates in dairy cows. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:205-212. [PMID: 32106645 PMCID: PMC7876726 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Methods A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60. Conclusion Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows’ diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 100193, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 100193, China
| | - Xue Fan
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 100193, China
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Mao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 100193, China.,New Hope Dairy Farming Co. LTD., Chengdu 610063, China
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Nutrient intake and ingestive behavior of feedlot steers fed with licuri cake. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1803-1809. [PMID: 31912295 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different levels of licuri cake on the consumption of dry matter and nutrients and ingestive behavior of feedlot crossbred steers. Forty-four crossbred steers with an average age of 24 months and a mean live weight of 358.19 ± 41.57 kg were used in the study. The animals were aleatorically distributed in a completely randomized design made up of four treatments, with 11 animals used per treatment: the control treatment (without the inclusion of licuri cake in the diet) and treatment with the inclusion levels of 8.5, 17, and 25.5% of licuri cake, respectively, in the total dry matter of the diet. The inclusion of licuri cake influenced the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, and non-fibrous carbohydrates corrected for ash and protein, each of them showing quadratic behavior. There was an effect of the tested diets on the time spent on food intake and number of idle periods, which presented a quadratic effect, with maximum and minimum values obtained for the inclusion levels of the licuri cake of 16.92% and 11.00%, respectively. There was no effect of the tested diets on the time spent on rumination and idleness. The feed efficiency of the dry matter, the duration of the feeding period, and the duration of the idleness period were influenced by the inclusion of the licuri tart in the diet, presenting a linear decreasing effect. There was an increasing linear effect for the number of feeding periods and the duration of rumination periods. Given the results obtained, it can be concluded that the licuri cake changes the consumption and behavioral parameters of feedlot steers, being recommended its use in up to 8.5% of inclusion in the total dry matter of the diet.
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Bagaldo A, Miranda G, Soares Júnior M, de Araújo F, Matoso R, Chizzotti M, Bezerra L, Oliveira R. Effect of Licuri cake supplementation on performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior, carcass traits and meat quality of grazing lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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COSTA JB, OLIVEIRA RL, SILVA TM, RIBEIRO OL, RIBEIRO RDX, PINTO LFB, NASCIMENTO TVC. Economic analysis of the finishing of lambs under confinement conditions using licuri cake ( Syagrus coronata Mart. Becc.). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-9940200252019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The present study endeavors to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri tart in the diet of finishing lambs, Santa Inês mestizos, by evaluating the economic parameters. For this purpose, a total of 44 lambs, including both uncastrated as well as vaccinated and wormed lambs, with an average age of six months and a mean body weight of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg, were employed. Initially, the lambs were fed on the diet which consisted of 40% Tifton-85 hay and 60% of a concentrated mixture, mainly composed of ground corn grain, soybean meal, mineral premix, being further followed by the inclusion of the licuri cake at four different levels (a) 0.0, (b) 8.0,(c) 16.0, and (d) 24% with respect to the dry matter. Principally, the soybean meal and milled corn were replaced by the licuri cake with these levels, thereby constituting four treatments and 11 replicates (11 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Further, for subjecting the lambs to the above mentioned four different levels of treatment, the lambs were confined for 70 days. The analysis of various economic parameters revealed that upon including the licuri cake up to the level of 24%, the operation cost decreases, which in turn results in higher profitability. However, its cost at the time of use will eventually determine its use for feeding lambs, because of the possible price variations of the ingredients used to formulate the diets along with the model of production of the rural property.
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