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Dalton JC. Frozen Bovine Semen Storage, Semen Handling, and Site of Deposition. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:157-165. [PMID: 37673698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is an effective strategy to distribute semen from elite sires and improve the genetics of a herd. Commercial studs provide a fertile semen product to their customers. Consequently, the maintenance of sire fertility is dependent upon appropriate semen storage, handing, and site of semen deposition. When retrieving a straw of frozen semen, the cane (and canister containing canes) should be held below the frost-line and limited to 8 seconds in the neck of the tank. After appropriate thawing, and continuous thermoregulation of the AI gun containing the thawed semen, semen should be deposited in the uterine body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Dalton
- Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences Department, University of Idaho, 1904 East Chicago Street, Suite AB, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA.
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Di Iorio M, Lauriola F, Rusco G, Antenucci E, Schiavitto M, Iaffaldano N. Cryopreserving Rabbit Semen: Impact of Varying Sperm Concentrations on Quality and the Standardization of Protocol. Vet Sci 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 38250915 PMCID: PMC10818829 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of sperm concentrations on the in vitro quality of cryopreserved rabbit semen. The semen pools (n = 8, from 80 donors) were split into five aliquots with final sperm concentrations of 15, 25, 35, 55, and 75 × 106 per straw. The sperm motility parameters (CASA system) and membrane integrity (flow cytometric analysis) were both evaluated at various stages of the cryopreservation process: fresh semen dilution, cooling, equilibration, and immediately after and 30 min post-thawing. The results indicated the significant influence of the sperm concentration on the total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM), with a consistent decline in all sperm variables over the time points. Notably, the semen with a final concentration of 15 × 106 exhibited a higher TM and PM after cooling and equilibration. The post-thawing quality (TM, PM) was higher (p < 0.05) in the mid-range sperm concentrations of 25 × 106 (49.9% and 19.7%) and 35 × 106 (46.2% and 19.7%) compared to the other concentrations. This study demonstrated that the sperm concentration per straw played a significant role in specific phases of the cryopreservation process. These findings contribute valuable insights for refining and standardizing the cryopreservation protocol for rabbit semen, emphasizing the importance of the sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Iorio
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.D.I.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Lauriola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.D.I.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Giusy Rusco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.D.I.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Emanuele Antenucci
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.D.I.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Michele Schiavitto
- Italian Rabbit Breeders Association (ANCI-AIA), Volturara Appula, 71030 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.D.I.); (F.L.); (G.R.); (E.A.)
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Rosyada ZNA, Pardede BP, Kaiin EM, Tumbelaka LI, Solihin DD, Purwantara B, Ulum MF. Identification of heat shock protein70-2 and protamine-1 mRNA, proteins, and analyses of their association with fertility using frozen-thawed sperm in Madura bulls. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1796-1805. [PMID: 37402446 PMCID: PMC10623020 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify heat shock protein70-2 (HSP70-2) and protamine-1 (PRM1) mRNA and protein in Madura bull sperm and demonstrate their relation as bull fertility biomarkers. METHODS The Madura bull fertility rates were grouped based on the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) as high fertility (HF) (79.04%; n = 4), and low fertility (LF) (65.84%; n = 4). mRNA of HSP70-2 and PRM1 with peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a housekeeping gene were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure protein abundance. In the post-thawed semen samples, sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and sperm DNA fragmentation index were analyzed. Data analysis was performed on the measured parameters of semen quality, relative mRNA expression, and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1, among the bulls with various fertility levels (HF and LF) in a one-way analysis of variance analysis. The Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between semen quality, mRNA, proteins, and fertility rate. RESULTS Relative mRNA expression and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1 were detected and were found to be highly expressed in bulls with HF (p<0.05) and were associated with several parameters of semen quality. CONCLUSION HSP70-2 and PRM1 mRNA and protein molecules have great potential to serve as molecular markers for determining bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911,
Indonesia
| | - Berlin Pandapotan Pardede
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911,
Indonesia
| | - Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911,
Indonesia
| | - Ligaya I.T.A Tumbelaka
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Dedy Duryadi Solihin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, IPB University, 16680, Bogor,
Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwantara
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
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Quelhas J, Pinto-Pinho P, Lopes G, Rocha A, Pinto-Leite R, Fardilha M, Colaço B. Sustainable animal production: exploring the benefits of sperm sexing technologies in addressing critical industry challenges. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 38076548 PMCID: PMC10704908 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex of the animals is of paramount importance in many animal production systems. This is particularly evident in the production of milk or in breeding programs focused on the production of female animals. In some cases, slaughter or euthanasia of animals of the unwanted sex becomes the only solution, highlighting ethical and economic concerns. As global demand for food continues to rise, the importance of addressing these issues becomes more evident. Reproductive technologies, such as sperm sexing techniques, may hold the key to addressing both animal welfare and the sustainability of animal production. The use of semen enriched with sperm capable of producing offspring of the desired sex can serve as a valuable tool for producers to exert greater control over production outcomes, not only helping to mitigate welfare issues related to the unnecessary premature death of unwanted offspring but also providing a possible ally in the face of stricter animal welfare guidelines. In addition, sexed semen can also contribute to financial gains and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and food waste associated with the less profitable part of the herd. This paper explores the positive impacts that sperm sexing can have on animal welfare, economy, and environment. It also discusses currently available options and strategies for more successful implementation of sexed semen. Partnerships between companies and scientists will be essential to find innovative ways to adapt current production systems and develop sperm sexing technologies that apply to most livestock industries.
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Haadem CS, Holmøy IH, Nødtvedt A, Martin AD. Time of insemination in relation to pregnancy rates in beef cattle after oestrus detection with automated activity monitoring system. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:20. [PMID: 37296465 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of artificial insemination is critical to achieve acceptable results in cattle production systems. Over the past 60 years the length and expression of oestrus in dairy cattle has altered. Recent studies have indicated the optimal timing for insemination after the commencement of oestrus may now be earlier than traditional recommendations in beef cattle, as is the case in dairy cattle. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of time from onset of oestrus [as determined by an automated activity monitoring system (AAMS)] to artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy outcome in Norwegian beef cattle. Five commercial beef suckler herds participated in a cohort study by providing data on the time of AAMS alarm and time of AI. Blood sampling on the day of AI was performed and serum progesterone concentration measured. Pregnancy detection was performed by transrectal ultrasonography and aging of the fetus performed when necessary. A mixed logistic regression model was fitted to study the effect of time from AAMS alarm to AI on pregnancy outcome. Time categories used in the model were < 12 h, 12-24 h, and > 24 h. RESULTS AI periods (n = 229) with serum progesterone concentration < 1 ng/mL were available for analysis. Overall pregnancy risk per AI for the whole study period was 65.5%, with an inter-herd variation from 10 to 91%. Median time elapsed from AAMS alarm to AI was 17.75 h. Herd affected pregnancy outcome (P = 0.001), while breed and parity status (heifer/cow) did not. The time category closer to AAMS alarm 0-12 h showed a numerically lower pregnancy risk as compared to the baseline group which had AI 12-24 h after onset of oestrus. CONCLUSION This study found no evidence to support a change in the recommended timing of AI in beef suckler cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sorknes Haadem
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Hunter Holmøy
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Nødtvedt
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Dunstan Martin
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Huijsmans TERG, Hassan HA, Smits K, Van Soom A. Postmortem Collection of Gametes for the Conservation of Endangered Mammals: A Review of the Current State-of-the-Art. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081360. [PMID: 37106923 PMCID: PMC10135332 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The collection of gametes from recently deceased domestic and wildlife mammals has been well documented in the literature. Through the utilization of gametes recovered postmortem, scientists have successfully produced embryos in 10 different wildlife species, while in 2 of those, offspring have also been born. Thus, the collection of gametes from recently deceased animals represents a valuable opportunity to increase genetic resource banks, obviating the requirement for invasive procedures. Despite the development of several protocols for gamete collection, the refinement of these techniques and the establishment of species-specific protocols are still required, taking into account both the limitations and the opportunities. In the case of wildlife, the optimization of such protocols is impeded by the scarcity of available animals, many of which have a high genetic value that must be protected rather than utilized for research purposes. Therefore, optimizing protocols for wildlife species by using domestic species as a model is crucial. In this review, we focused on the current advancements in the collection, preservation, and utilization of gametes, postmortem, in selected species belonging to Equidae, Bovidae, and Felidae, both domestic and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E R G Huijsmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hiba Ali Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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7
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Mellado M, Treviño LM, Chavez MI, Véliz FG, Macías-Cruz U, Avendaño-Reyes L, García JE. Fertility of Holstein cows and heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination and receiving one or two doses (12 h apart) of semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:39-47. [PMID: 36073154 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex-sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed-sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%; p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mellado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Lucía M Treviño
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - María I Chavez
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Francisco G Véliz
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Leonel Avendaño-Reyes
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - José E García
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico
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Tomás-Almenar C, de Mercado E. Optimization of the Thawing Protocol for Iberian Boar Sperm. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192600. [PMID: 36230350 PMCID: PMC9558520 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited attention is paid to sperm thawing protocols, and their study could be relevant to endangered species or breeds, especially for cryopreserved material present in the existing gene banks. The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal thawing protocol for Iberian boar sperm through testing different thawing rates and different modifications of the thawing extender. Based on the findings, the most optimal results were obtained thawing at 70 °C for 8 s with the inclusion of cyclodextrins loaded with cholesterol (CLC) in the extender, revealing the importance of adapting the thawing protocols. Abstract Thawing protocols have been barely studied, and their modifications may lead to a substantial improvement in post-thawing sperm quality, which could be of great relevance to existing sperm banks, such as those for Iberian pig breeds with varieties in danger of extinction. For that, the study aimed to evaluate different thawing rates and to evaluate modifications in the composition of the thawing extender (basic pH to 8–8.2, incorporation of cyclodextrins loaded with cholesterol [CLC] and the incorporation of ion chelators [EDTA and EGTA]). After thawing, overall sperm motility and kinematic parameters, acrosome status and sperm membrane integrity were evaluated. The most optimal results were obtained with the thawing rate reaching 70 °C for 8 s with the inclusion of 12.5 mg of CLC/500 × 106 spermatozoa in the thawing extender, which showed an improvement compared to the control at 70 °C. In conclusion, to adapt the thawing conditions may be relevant, especially for endangered species or breeds such as some varieties of Iberian pig, since this process could also be used in samples cryopreserved in gene banks.
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Wang N, Yang M, He D, Li X, Zhang X, Han B, Liu C, Hai C, Li G, Zhao Y. TMT-based quantitative N-glycoproteomic analysis reveals glycoprotein protection can improve the quality of frozen bovine sperm. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:168-180. [PMID: 35870621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of bovine semen plays a vital role in accelerating genetic improvement and elite breeding, but it has a detrimental effect on sperm quality, resulting in the decline of the reproductive efficiency. The glycosylation modification of protein has irreplaceable roles in spermatozoa. Herein, the effect of cryopreservation on glycoproteins of bovine spermatozoa has been studied for the first time using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative glycoproteome. A total of 2598 proteins and 492 glycoproteins were identified, including 83 different expression proteins (DEPs) and 44 different expression glycosylated proteins (DEGPs) between fresh and frozen spermatozoa. Thirty-three DEPs are glycoproteins, which demonstrates that glycoproteins of bovine sperm were seriously affected by cryopreservation. Moreover, the effects include glycoprotein expression, glycosylation modification, and substructure localization for proteins such as glycoproteins TEX101, ACRBP, and IZOMU4. The biologic functions of the 115 changed proteins are mainly involved in sperm capacitation, migration in female genitalia, and sperm-egg interaction. Mostly key regulators were identified to be glycoproteins, which confirms that glycosylated proteins played important roles in bovine sperm. This comprehensive study of sperm glycoproteins helps to unravel the cryoinjury mechanisms, thus implying that glycoprotein protection should be an effective way to improve the quality of frozen sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Dingbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Biying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chao Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yuefang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China.
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10
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Development of a new mini straw for cryopreservation of boar semen. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Maulana R, Susetya H, Prihatno SA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat breeding of beef cattle in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:870-877. [PMID: 35698496 PMCID: PMC9178566 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.870-877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Various management practices may cause the occurrence of reproductive failure indicated by repeat breeding in beef cattle. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of repeat breeding in beef cattle in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Observational and cross-sectional studies were used to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of repeat breeding. Sampling was conducted using a multistage cluster design. The sample size was determined using a sampling formula (n=4 PQ/L2). Questionnaire and interview data were evaluated descriptively. Chi-square analysis and odds ratio (OR) test were conducted to determine the association and association strength with a confidence level of 95%. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis through multivariate logistic regression test was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0 software. Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of repeat breeding in beef cattle in the Sleman Regency was 30.4%. Multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors that significantly affected the repeat breeding were breeding experience (p=0.000; OR=3.378), knowledge of estrus cycle (p=0.000; OR=5.263), feed type (p=0.001; OR=6.061), feeding frequency (p=0.003; OR=2.77), shed hygiene (p=0.33; OR=2,381), and drainage system (p=0.000; OR=4,484). Conclusion: Various husbandry management significantly influence the incidence of repeat breeding in beef cattle in Sleman Regency with the type of feed, which was the highest risk factor. Hay should not be used as the main feed source since it might increase the incidence of repeat breeding. However, the other environmental factors such as season and presence of infection or parasite also need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Maulana
- Veterinary Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Heru Susetya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Surya Agus Prihatno
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Taaffe P, O'Meara C, Stiavnicka M, Byrne C, Eivers B, Lonergan P, Fair S. Increasing the frequency of ejaculate collection in young dairy bulls increases semen production and field fertility. Theriogenology 2022; 182:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Hall SJG, Brenig B, Ashdown RA, Curry MR. Conservation of rare wild‐living cattle
Bos taurus
(L.): coat colour gene illuminates breed history, and associated reproductive anomalies have not reduced herd fertility. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - M. R. Curry
- School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
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14
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Wrzecińska M, Czerniawska-Piątkowska E, Kowalczyk A. The impact of stress and selected environmental factors on cows’ reproduction. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1960842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcjanna Wrzecińska
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Kowalczyk
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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15
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Fordyce G, Williams P, Corbet NJ, Costilla R, McGowan MR. Pregnancy rate per cycle is heritable and reduces with cycle in naturally mated tropically adapted beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1286-1292. [PMID: 34251715 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy in cattle is the outcome of the complex process of initiation of cycling, fertilization, maternal recognition of pregnancy and foeto-placental development. Though much is known about initiation of cycling and associated risk factors, there are virtually no data on pregnancy rate per cycle for naturally mated cattle, especially for extensively managed, tropically adapted genotypes, which this study aimed to determine. Tropical composite (Bos indicus and African Sanga crosses with Bos taurus) and Brahman cattle (n = 2,181) of known pedigree in four-year groups at four sites were mated annually for 84 days. Body condition, ovarian function, pregnancies, calving and lactation were monitored through six full reproductive cycles using 4-8 weekly ultrasound of the reproductive tract outside the calving period and daily monitoring during calving. From this, dates of commencement of cycling and conception in each year were estimated for each animal, enabling calculation of established pregnancy for consecutive 21-day periods while cycling and of pregnancies within four months of calving while lactating (P4M). Pregnancy per 21-day period (cycle) during mating for cycling animals averaged 63%, 71%, 41% and 28% in four consecutive cycles. Pregnant per cycle was 2%-11% higher in tropical composites than in Brahmans. The only other consistently significant risk to becoming pregnant was if cycling commenced later than three weeks before mating commenced. P4M averaged 62% and was lower for cows in sub-optimal body condition and in first-parity and later-calving cows. Pregnant per cycle was moderately heritable (~20%), while heritability was moderate to high (33%) for P4M. Selection for pregnant per cycle could be achieved indirectly by selection for P4M, a trait that is readily measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry Fordyce
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Charters Towers, Qld, Australia
| | - Paul Williams
- Tropical Beef Technology Services, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Corbet
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - Roy Costilla
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael R McGowan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
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16
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Shen D, Zhou C, Cao M, Cai W, Yin H, Jiang L, Zhang S. Differential Membrane Protein Profile in Bovine X- and Y-Sperm. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3031-3042. [PMID: 34009990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the biological differences of X- and Y-sperm and to screen the sex-specific candidate antigen proteins for sexed semen production. To this end, we investigated differential expression of total membrane proteins of the two sperm types by using high-purity X- and Y-sperm from 20 Holstein bulls and applying the label-free proteomic technique; 1521 proteins were identified. In the X-sperm group, 8 and 23 proteins were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. In the X- and the Y-sperm group, 151 and 88 proteins were specifically expressed, respectively. These were overexpressed in the dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton, and cell senescence/apoptosis induced by the immune response, and could result in differences in the state, size, and immune sensitivity of the X-/Y-sperm membranes. The prediction of transmembrane structure, subcellular localization, and Western blotting validation results showed that the CLRN3 and SCAMP1 proteins were cell surface specific antigens of X- and Y-sperm, respectively. Our findings help explain the molecular mechanism behind the biological differences of X-/Y-sperm and lay the foundation for application of immunological methods to produce sex-sorted semen and control livestock sex. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Tanga BM, Qamar AY, Raza S, Bang S, Fang X, Yoon K, Cho J. Semen evaluation: methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment - A review. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1253-1270. [PMID: 33902175 PMCID: PMC8255896 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of male fertility is based on the evaluation of sperm. Semen evaluation measures various sperm quality parameters as fertility indicators. However, semen evaluation has limitations, and it requires the advancement and application of strict quality control methods to interpret the results. This article reviews the recent advances in evaluating various sperm-specific quality characteristics and methodologies, with the help of different assays to assess sperm-fertility status. Sperm evaluation methods that include conventional microscopic methods, computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA), and flow cytometric analysis, provide precise information related to sperm morphology and function. Moreover, profiling fertility-related biomarkers in sperm or seminal plasma can be helpful in predicting fertility. Identification of different sperm proteins and diagnosis of DNA damage has positively contributed to the existing pool of knowledge about sperm physiology and molecular anomalies associated with different infertility issues in males. Advances in methods and sperm-specific evaluation has subsequently resulted in a better understanding of sperm biology that has improved the diagnosis and clinical management of male factor infertility. Accurate sperm evaluation is of paramount importance in the application of artificial insemination and assisted reproductive technology. However, no single test can precisely determine fertility; the selection of an appropriate test or a set of tests and parameters is required to accurately determine the fertility of specific animal species. Therefore, a need to further calibrate the CASA and advance the gene expression tests is recommended for faster and field-level applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Molla Tanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sanan Raza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09016, Turkey
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Yoon
- Department of Companion Animal, Shingu College, Seongnam 13174, Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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18
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Nishijima K, Kitajima S, Matsuhisa F, Niimi M, Wang CC, Fan J. Strategies for Highly Efficient Rabbit Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051220. [PMID: 33922622 PMCID: PMC8145333 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is a valuable animal for both the economy and biomedical sciences. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the most efficient ways to preserve rabbit strains because it is easy to collect ejaculate repeatedly from a single male and inseminate artificially into multiple females. During the cooling, freezing and thawing process of sperms, the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and genome structures could be damaged by osmotic stress, cold shock, intracellular ice crystal formation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will discuss the progress made during the past years regarding efforts to minimize the cell damage in rabbit sperms, including freezing extender, cryoprotectants, supplements, and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Center for Animal Resources and Collaborative Study, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (J.F.); Tel.: +81-564-557781 (K.N.); +81-55-2739519 (J.F.)
| | - Shuji Kitajima
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Division of Biological Resources and Development, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.K.); (F.M.)
| | - Fumikazu Matsuhisa
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Division of Biological Resources and Development, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.K.); (F.M.)
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Japan;
| | - Chen-chi Wang
- Animal Resources Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Japan;
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (J.F.); Tel.: +81-564-557781 (K.N.); +81-55-2739519 (J.F.)
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19
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Ungerfeld R, Kmaid S, Baldi F, Salveraglio V. Probability of pregnancy to artificial insemination either after detected oestrus or at a fixed time in dairy cows: Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in a large-scale, on-farm study. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:783-791. [PMID: 33619769 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to determine the influence of the procedures [hormonal treatments for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) versus insemination at spontaneous oestrus (SEAI)] on several sequential inseminations (AI). A second aim was to determine the influence of some intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their interactions, including characteristics of the animals such as age, season, farm, sire, and AI technician on the response to both procedures. A retrospective analysis was performed from a data base of 120.807 AIs of healthy cows with at least 40-70 days post-partum at first service. Overall, FTAI achieved slighter greater pregnancy rates than insemination after detected oestrus. The second AI seems to be a key insemination as effects of sire and technician were greater than in the following ones. The use of FTAI or SEAI in one AI did not affect the results of the following AIs, regardless if FTAI or SEAI procedures were used in that AI. Technician had greater variation than sire or farm on final pregnancy rate. The results of each sire for pregnancy rate varied according to the type of insemination, with sires achieving greater results with one or other procedure. Pregnancy rate was positively related to the days in milk in the first two AIs. Results were greater in autumn than in spring services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Kmaid
- Private Veterinary Practice, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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20
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Spermatozoa motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane integrity in 0.25 mL and 0.5 mL straw after frozen-thawing in Hanwoo bull. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.35.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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21
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Kumro FG, Smith FM, Yallop MJ, Ciernia LA, Mayo LM, Poock SE, Lamberson WR, Lucy MC. Estimates of intra- and interclass correlation coefficients for rump touches and the number of steps during estrus in postpartum cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2318-2333. [PMID: 33246610 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrus traits have economic value in dairy production systems and could be incorporated into genetic selection indices. In an effort to further understand selection responses, 2 studies were performed to estimate the intra- and interclass correlation coefficients for estrus traits. Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 1,197; study 1) across 5 pasture-based grazing dairy herds were fitted with a capacitive touch sensing (CTS) device on the rump (FlashMate, Farmshed Labs Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand). The daily number of rump touches were subjected to a peak detection program to objectively identify periods of increased rump touches above baseline (indicative of estrus). The number of times touched and the sum of the touch duration were used to compare farms and estimate the intraclass correlation (repeatability). For study 2, postpartum Holstein (n = 85) and Guernsey (n = 5) cows in a confinement-style dairy were used. Cows were fitted with an IceQube accelerometer (IceRobotics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom) to measure steps taken per hour and a CTS device was applied to both rumps. The interclass correlation for the number of rump touches and number of steps taken during estrus was calculated. Data collected from 5 herds (study 1) demonstrated a 2- to 3-fold difference between herds in the number of rump touches and total touch time during estrus. The intraclass correlation (repeatability; estimates of maximum heritability) for rump touches during estrus was 0.22. For study 2, the number of steps and the number of rump touches during estrus increased in a synchronous manner. The intraclass correlation (repeatability) for number of steps during estrus was 0.26. The interclass correlation (r) for the number of rump touches and the number of steps was 0.46 (R2 = 0.21). Based on the R2, at least 20% of the variation in the number of steps during estrus was explained by the number of touches to the rump of the cow. Selecting cows for the number of steps taken during estrus could increase the number of rump touches (mounts, chin rests, and so on, received from other cows) if a genetic correlation exists for the phenotypic correlation that we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Kumro
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - F M Smith
- Farmshed Labs Limited, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - M J Yallop
- Farmshed Labs Limited, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - L A Ciernia
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - L M Mayo
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - S E Poock
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - W R Lamberson
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - M C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
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22
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Pluta K, Jones PRH, Drabińska N, Ratcliffe N, Carrington SD, Lonergan P, Evans ACO. The potential of volatile organic compound analysis in cervicovaginal mucus to predict estrus and ovulation in estrus-synchronized heifers. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1087-1098. [PMID: 33189280 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervicovaginal mucus is a mixture of mucins, ions, salts, and water, the proportions of which change during the reproductive cycle. It is suspected that this mucus emits an important volatile signal indicative of the reproductive state of the female. The objective of this study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOC) in bovine cervicovaginal mucus that are modulated during the estrous cycle and could potentially be used as biomarkers of estrus and ovulation. Cervicovaginal mucus was collected from crossbred beef heifers (n = 8), which were synchronized using an 8-d controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and in which onset of estrus and time of ovulation were determined by visual observation and ultrasonography, respectively. Mucus samples were collected between 0 and 96 h after CIDR removal (estrus onset occurred at 49.1 ± 3.3 h after CIDR removal). A validation study was performed on an independent group of 15 heifers from which cervicovaginal mucus samples were collected every 8 h from 40 to 80 h after CIDR removal. The VOC in mucus were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected compounds were quantified using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. The presence of 47 VOC was detected in mucus samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with those exhibiting highest abundance including 2-butanone, acetone, 2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-(1-methylethoxy)-2-propanone, ethanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and 2-butanol. All VOC peaked between 24 to 47 h after the onset of estrus (ovulation occurred 26.6 ± 5.6 h after estrus onset). Two VOC, 2-pentanone and 4-methyl-2-pentanone, exhibited a significant increase at the onset of estrus, whereas concentration of 2-butanone increased significantly just after estrus onset, indicating that these VOC may be used as putative biomarkers of estrus. The results of our study may contribute to the development of a sensor device based on VOC to aid the detection of estrus and ovulation in cattle, with particular relevance for the dairy industry where the majority of females are bred by artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pluta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter R H Jones
- Indigo Science Ltd., Ashley Down, Bristol, BS7 9JS, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Carrington
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alexander C O Evans
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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23
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Abril-Parreño L, Krogenæs AK, Byrne CJ, Donovan A, Stuen S, Caldas E, Diskin M, Druart X, Fair S. Ewe breed differences in cervical anatomy and cervicovaginal mucus properties: An international study. Theriogenology 2020; 160:18-25. [PMID: 33166851 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In sheep, cervical artificial insemination (AI) involves depositing semen at the cervical opening, as it is not possible to traverse the cervix due to its complex anatomy. However, internationally this method yields low pregnancy rates when frozen-thawed semen is used. An exception to this is in Norway, in which vaginal deposition of frozen-thawed semen to a natural estrus yields pregnancy rates around 70%. As the cervix and its secretions are the principal factors influencing sperm transport to the site of fertilization the aim of this study was to characterise the differences in the cervical anatomy as well as the cervicovaginal mucus properties of six European ewe breeds across three countries known to have differences in pregnancy rates following cervical AI with frozen-thawed semen. These were Suffolk and Belclare in Ireland, Fur and Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) in Norway and Ile de France and Romanov in France (n = 28-30 ewes/breed). Cervicovaginal mucus was collected at the follicular and luteal phases of both a synchronized and natural cycle and assessed for mucus weight, viscosity and colour. The anatomical characteristics of the cervix (length of the cervix, number of cervical rings and the appearance of the external os) were assessed post-mortem. There was a type of the cycle by ewe breed interaction represented by no differences in mucus production between ewe breeds at the natural cycle for both the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle. However, there were differences between ewe breeds at the synchronized cycle (P < 0.05). Belclare had the lowest mucus production at the follicular phase while NWS had the lowest amount of mucus at the luteal phase of the synchronized cycle. Overall, across all ewe breeds, mucus production was higher at the follicular than at the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Despite reports of Suffolk and NWS having the most divergent pregnancy rates following cervical AI with frozen-thawed semen, both breeds had the lowest overall mucus viscosity at the follicular phase of both types of cycle with no differences between both ewe breeds (P > 0.05). The length of the cervix, number of cervical rings and the external os type were affected by ewe breed (P < 0.05). Suffolk ewes had longer cervices but lower number of cervical rings than NWS and Fur ewes (both with higher pregnancy rates). In conclusion, while mucus production and mucus viscosity was affected by breed, these changes are not consistent with the known differences between ewe breeds in their pregnancy rates following cervical AI with frozen-thawed semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abril-Parreño
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Natural Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering. University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland; Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - A K Krogenæs
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Sentrum, Oslo, 0102, Norway
| | - C J Byrne
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - A Donovan
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, H65 R718, Ireland
| | - S Stuen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - E Caldas
- UMR PR China, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportments, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - M Diskin
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, H65 R718, Ireland
| | - X Druart
- UMR PR China, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportments, Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - S Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Natural Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering. University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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24
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Mikkola M, Hasler JF, Taponen J. Factors affecting embryo production in superovulated Bos taurus cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:104-124. [PMID: 32188562 DOI: 10.1071/rd19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a long history of bovine superovulation research, significant commercial applications did not start until the early 1970s. For some 20 years thereafter, superovulation represented the primary tool for the production of cattle embryos. In the early 1990s, commercial invitro production (IVP) was initiated in cattle. Although ovum pick-up and IVP are now commercially practiced on a wide scale, superovulation and embryo recovery by flushing remain a widespread and very effective approach to the production of cattle embryos. This review covers both the history and the effects of multiple factors on superovulation in Bos taurus cattle. There are three general protocols for suitable pre-FSH programming of donors so that gonadotrophin-responsive follicles are available. Superovulation protocols vary widely based on the FSH source, the diluent used, the number and timing of FSH injections and the timing and utilisation of various prostaglandins, controlled internal progesterone releasing devices, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, and other means of controlling follicular development and ovulation. The number of oocytes that can be stimulated to grow and ovulate within any given donor can be estimated by either ultrasound-guided sonography or by measuring concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone in the blood. Animal-related factors that can influence the efficacy of superovulation include cattle breed, age, parity, genetics, lactational status and reproductive history. In addition, nutrition, stress, season, climate, weather and several semen factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikkola
- Geno SA, Store Ree AI Station, Ekebergveien 54, 2335 Stange, Norway; and University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland; and Corresponding author.
| | - J F Hasler
- Vetoquinol USA, 4250N Sylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76137, USA
| | - J Taponen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland
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25
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Yuan Z, Luo J, Wang L, Li F, Li W, Yue X. Expression of DAZL Gene in Selected Tissues and Association of Its Polymorphisms with Testicular Size in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040740. [PMID: 32340407 PMCID: PMC7222755 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) is an RNA binding protein coding gene in autosomal, playing important roles in testicular development and gametogenesis. In this paper, we found that DAZL is extremely highly expressed in testis compared with other organs and reaches to a peak at sex maturity (6-month old) in testis. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DAZL were found to have significant effect on the variation coefficient between left and right epididymis weight. Abstract The deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) gene encoding an RNA binding protein is pivotal in gametogenesis in lots of species and also acts as a pre-meiosis marker. The current study was conducted to detect expression profiles and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DAZL in sheep using qPCR, DNA-pooled sequencing, improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR®) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The results confirmed that ovine DAZL showed the highest expression level at six-months of age across five developmental stage. At six-month stage, DAZL expressed primarily in testis across seven tissues analyzed. The abundance of DAZL in the large-testis group is higher than that in the small-testis group although it is not significant. In addition, six SNPs (SNP1-SNP6) were identified in DAZL. Of those, SNP1 (p < 0.05) and SNP6 (p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with the variation coefficient between left and right epididymis weight (VCTW). The current study implies DAZL may play important roles in testicular development and its SNPs are associated with testicular parameters, which supply important indicators for ram selection at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
| | - Wanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence:
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International Bull Fertility Conference – Theory to Practice, Westport, Ireland, 2018. Animal 2018; 12:s1-s3. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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