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Chen P, Li Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Liu M, Xu H, Ma N, Cao Y, Li Q, Abdelsattar MM, Wang Z, Huo Z, Ren S, Hu L, Liu J, Gao Y, Li J. Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1330876. [PMID: 38487709 PMCID: PMC10938912 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1330876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary SPR on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood indicators, and nitrogen (N) partitioning in mid-lactating Holstein cows. Seventy-two Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three groups (24 head/group), balanced for (mean ± standard deviation) days in milk (116 ± 21.5), parity (2.1 ± 0.8), milk production (42 ± 2.1 kg/d), and body weight (705 ± 52.5 kg). The cows were fed diets with low (2.1, control), medium (2.3), or high (2.5) SPR, formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and iso-starch. The study consisted of a one-week adaptation phase followed by an eight-week experimental period. The results indicated that the high SPR group had a lower dry matter intake compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A quadratic increase in milk yield and feed efficiency was observed with increasing dietary SPR (p < 0.05), peaking in the medium SPR group. The medium SPR group exhibited a lower milk somatic cell count and a higher blood total antioxidant capacity compared to other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing dietary SPR, there was a quadratic improvement (p < 0.05) in the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although no treatment effect was observed in rumen pH, the rumen total volatile fatty acids concentration and microbial crude protein synthesis increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as dietary SPR increased. The molar proportion of propionate linearly increased (p = 0.01), while branched-chain volatile fatty acids linearly decreased (p = 0.01) with increasing dietary SPR. The low SPR group (control) exhibited higher concentration of milk urea N, rumen ammonia N, and blood urea N than other groups (p < 0.05). Despite a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of urinary N to N intake, increasing dietary SPR led to a quadratic increase (p = 0.01) in N utilization efficiency and a quadratic decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of fecal N to N intake. In conclusion, optimizing dietary SPR has the potential to enhance lactation performance and N utilization efficiency. Based on our findings, a medium dietary SPR (with SPR = 2.3) is recommended for mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Nevertheless, further research on rumen microbial composition and metabolites is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Cangzhou Normal University, College of Life Science, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongjian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Zihan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Linqi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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Shen Y, Li Y, Wu T, Dong Q, Deng Q, Liu L, Guo Y, Cao Y, Li Q, Shi J, Zou H, Jiao Y, Ding L, Li J, Gao Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Chen L. Early microbial intervention reshapes phenotypes of newborn Bos taurus through metabolic regulations. Gigascience 2024; 13:giad118. [PMID: 38217406 PMCID: PMC10787367 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rumen of neonatal calves has limited functionality, and establishing intestinal microbiota may play a crucial role in their health and performance. Thus, we aim to explore the temporal colonization of the gut microbiome and the benefits of early microbial transplantation (MT) in newborn calves. RESULTS We followed 36 newborn calves for 2 months and found that the composition and ecological interactions of their gut microbiomes likely reached maturity 1 month after birth. Temporal changes in the gut microbiome of newborn calves are widely associated with changes in their physiological statuses, such as growth and fiber digestion. Importantly, we observed that MT reshapes the gut microbiome of newborns by altering the abundance and interaction of Bacteroides species, as well as amino acid pathways, such as arginine biosynthesis. Two-year follow-up of those calves further showed that MT improves their later milk production. Notably, MT improves fiber digestion and antioxidant capacity of newborns while reducing diarrhea. MT also contributes to significant changes in the metabolomic landscape, and with putative causal mediation analysis, we suggest that altered gut microbial composition in newborns may influence physiological status through microbial-derived metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a metagenomic and metabolomic atlas of the temporal development of the gut microbiome in newborn calves. MT can alter the gut microbiome of newborns, leading to improved physiological status and later milk production. The data may help develop strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota during early life, which may be relevant to the health and production of newborn calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Quanbin Dong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiufeng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huayiyang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuwen Jiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Luoyang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Shixian Hu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Wang M, Li Y, Feng J, Shen Y, Cao Y, Li Q, Gao Y, Li J. Effects of substitution of millet straw for corn silage and alfalfa hay on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in late-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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4
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Effects of rumen-protected lysine and methionine supplementation in low-crude protein diets on lactation performance, nitrogen metabolism, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Active Dry Yeast and Thiamine in Synergistic Mode Can Mitigate Adverse Effects of In Vitro Ruminal Acidosis Model of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182333. [PMID: 36139193 PMCID: PMC9495026 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminal acidosis is a type of metabolic disorder of high-yielding ruminants which is associated with the consumption of a high-grain diet. It not only harms the productive efficiency, health and wellbeing of the animals but also has detrimental effects on the economy of the farmers. Various strategies have been adapted to control ruminal acidosis. However, none of them have produced the desired results. This research was carried out to investigate the potential of active dry yeast (ADY) and thiamine in a synergistic mode to mitigate in vitro-induced ruminal acidosis. The purpose of this study was to determine how active dry yeast alone and in combination with thiamine affected the ruminal pH, lactate, volatile fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and microbial community in in vitro-induced ruminal acidosis. The experiment comprises three treatment groups, (1) SARA/control, (2) ADY and (3) ADYT (ADY + thiamine). In vitro batch fermentation was conducted for 24 h. The results indicated that ruminal induced successfully and both additives improved the final pH (p < 0.01) and decreased the LPS and lactate (p < 0.01) level as compared to the SARA group. However, the ADYT group decreased the level of lactate below 0.5 mmol/L. Concomitant to fermentation indicators, both the treatment groups decreased (p < 0.05) the abundance of lactate-producing bacteria while enhancing (p < 0.01) the abundance of lactate-utilizing bacteria. However, ADYT also increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of protozoa compared to the SARA and ADY group. Therefore, it can be concluded that ADY and thiamine in synergistic mode could be a better strategy in combating the adverse effects of subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Elmhadi ME, Ali DK, Khogali MK, Wang H. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: Microbiological and nutritional causes, consequences, and prevention strategies. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 10:148-155. [PMID: 35702144 PMCID: PMC9168481 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are frequently fed high-concentrate (HC) diets in modern intensive feeding systems, especially in the transition period. During this period, cows face many alterations that include hormonal changes and shifting to a lactating state. Switching to a HC diet that may disrupt the ruminal microbiota balance can lead to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Moreover, the main factor shaping the rumen microbiota is dietary composition, especially the ratio of starch to fibrous carbohydrates. Feeding highly fermentable carbohydrate diets after adaptation to forage diets leads to a rumen fermentation rate that exceeds rumen absorption and buffering rates, resulting in a reduction in ruminal pH. As a result of Gram-negative bacterial cell lysis, an increase in harmful ruminal bacterial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide, lactic acid, and histamine, is observed. The interactions between the host immune system and the ruminal microbiota play an essential role in many physiological processes and the development of the disorder. Progress in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics platforms provides new opportunities to investigate the composition of ruminal microbes and yields unique advances in understanding ecology of the rumen. Subacute ruminal acidosis is linked with a change in the ruminal microbiota structure and richness and with other metabolic disorders; such as rumenitis, milk fat depression, laminitis, and liver abscesses. Therefore, this review aims to explore a better understanding of the crosstalk between diet and microbiota in the prevalence of rumen acidosis and its consequences, which is crucial for control strategies such as feeding management, and supplementation with thiamine, prebiotics, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawda E. Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Darien K. Ali
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Mawahib K. Khogali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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7
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Nutritional Value, Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Whole Wheat Hay Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111466. [PMID: 35681930 PMCID: PMC9179648 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional value of whole crop wheat hay (WCWH) harvested at different maturation stages are different, and its feeding effects on dairy cows have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, the in vitro digestibility of whole wheat (Nongda 22) hay harvested during the flowering, late milk and dough stages were evaluated using batch culture technique. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of whole wheat hay decreased by 35.5% and 40.4%, respectively, whereas the non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) content increased by 50.3% in WCWH harvested during the dough stage as compared to the flowering stage (p < 0.01). The pH of the fermentation liquid and acetate to propionate ratio was greatest in the wheat harvested during the flowering stage and lowest during the dough stage (p = 0.03), whereas the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was greatest during the dough stage and lowest during the flowering stage (p < 0.01). The dry matter loss (DML) was 9.6% and 6.2% greater (p < 0.01) during the late milk stage than in the flowering or dough stages, and the NDF loss (NDFL; p = 0.01) and ADF loss (ADFL; p < 0.01) was greater in both the flowering and late milk stages. In conclusion, though the content of NDF was lower in the dough stage, and the starch to NFC ratio was greater, we determined that the optimal harvest stage should be the late milk stage due to the greater dry matter digestibility, the relatively greater NFC content and the shorter planting days.
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8
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Zhao FF, Zhang XZ, Zhang Y, Elmhadi M, Qin YY, Sun H, Zhang H, Wang MZ, Wang HR. Tannic Acid-Steeped Corn Grain Modulates in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Pattern and Microbial Metabolic Pathways. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:698108. [PMID: 34778425 PMCID: PMC8581138 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.698108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of tannic acid (TA)-treated corn on changes in ruminal fermentation characteristics and the composition of the ruminal bacterial community in vitro. Ruminal fluid was obtained from three rumen-fistulated goats fed a 60:40 (forage/concentrate) diet. The batch cultures consisted of 25 ml of strained rumen fluid in 25 ml of an anaerobic buffer containing 0.56 g of ground corn, 0.24 g of soybean meal, 0.10 g of alfalfa, and 0.10 g of oat grass. Ground corn (2 mm) was steeped in an equal quantity (i.e., in a ratio of 1:1, w/v) of water alone (Con), 15 (TA15), 25 (TA25), and 35 g/l (TA35) TA solution for 12 h. After incubation for 24 h, TA-treated corn linearly increased (P <0.05) ruminal pH and the molar proportion of acetate, but linearly reduced (P <0.05) total volatile fatty acids and the molar proportion of butyrate compared with the Con treatment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the profile changes of the ruminal microbes. A principal coordinates analysis plot based on weighted UniFrac values revealed that the structure of the ruminal bacterial communities in the control group was different from that of the TA-treated corn groups. The results of changes in the rumen bacterial communities showed that TA-treated corn linearly enriched (P <0.05) Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, but linearly reduced (P <0.05) Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Ruminococcus_2, and unclassified_o__Clostridiales. Functional prediction of ruminal microbiota revealed that the TA-treated corn linearly decreased ruminal microbiota function of utilizing starch through pyruvate metabolism. In conclusion, TA-treated corn can modulate the rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial composition, and metabolic pathways, which may be potentially useful for preventing the occurrence of ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - X Z Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mawda Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - H Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Coastal Area, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - M Z Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - H R Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Li Y, Shen Y, Niu J, Guo Y, Pauline M, Zhao X, Li Q, Cao Y, Bi C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Gao Y, Li J. Effect of active dry yeast on lactation performance, methane production, and ruminal fermentation patterns in early-lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:381-390. [PMID: 33272580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation patterns, and CH4 emissions and to determine an optimal ADY dose. Sixty Holstein dairy cows in early lactation (52 ± 1.2 DIM) were used in a randomized complete design. Cows were blocked by parity (2.1 ± 0.2), milk production (35 ± 4.6 kg/d), and body weight (642 ± 53 kg) and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Cows were fed ADY at doses of 0, 10, 20, or 30 g/d per head for 91 d, with 84 d for adaptation and 7 d for sampling. Although dry matter intake was not affected by ADY supplementation, the yield of actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, milk fat yield, and feed efficiency increased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Yields of milk protein and lactose increased linearly with increasing ADY doses, whereas milk urea nitrogen concentration and somatic cell count decreased quadratically. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were not affected by ADY supplementation, whereas ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acid increased quadratically. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, nonfiber carbohydrate, and crude protein increased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Supplementation of ADY did not affect blood concentration of total protein, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, whereas blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations decreased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Methane production was not affected by ADY supplementation when expressed as grams per day or per kilogram of actual milk yield, dry matter intake, digested organic matter, and digested nonfiber carbohydrate, whereas a trend of linear and quadratic decrease of CH4 production was observed when expressed as grams per kilogram of fat-corrected milk and digested neutral detergent fiber. In conclusion, feeding ADY to early-lactating cows improved lactation performance by increasing nutrient digestibility. The optimal ADY dose should be 20 g/d per head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
| | - Jiankang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Mirielle Pauline
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding 071000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiujiang Zhang
- Baoding Husbandry Work Station, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
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10
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Chen F, Li Y, Shen Y, Guo Y, Zhao X, Li Q, Cao Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Li J. Effects of prepartum zinc-methionine supplementation on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, immunity status, and passive transfer of immunity in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8976-8985. [PMID: 32713690 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of prepartum supplementation of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, and immunity status in dams and passive immunity transfer in their calves. A randomized complete design was used in this study. Forty multiparous Holstein dairy cows in late pregnancy (60 d before the expected calving date) were blocked by parity (2.1 ± 0.3), body weight (651 ± 52 kg), and expected calving date, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Cows were supplemented with Zn as Zn-Met at 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) from 60 d before expected calving date to the calving day. Though the nutrient digestibility was not affected by Zn supplementation, DM intake, Zn digestibility, and Zn deposition increased linearly with increasing Zn-Met supplementation. Ruminal pH and molar proportion of individual volatile fatty acids were similar, whereas a linear decrease and increase were observed in ruminal ammonia and microbial crude protein concentration, respectively, with increasing Zn-Met supplementation. Maternal serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase, carboxypeptidase, Cu and Zn superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were greater in cows supplemented with >40 mg of Zn/kg of DM compared with the control group. With increasing Zn-Met supplementation, maternal blood concentration of IL-1 decreased linearly, whereas IL-2 and IL-6 increased linearly, and no differences were observed in IL-4. Concentration of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyric acids in maternal blood was similar between treatments. No difference was observed in colostrum composition with increasing Zn-Met supplementation. Concentration of Zn and immunoglobulins (including IgA, IgG, and IgM) in maternal blood did not differ among treatments. However, Zn concentration in colostrum and blood of calves increased linearly. The concentration of IgA and IgM in colostrum increased linearly with increasing Zn-Met supplementation, whereas no differences in immunoglobulins were observed in calf blood. In conclusion, Zn supplementation as Zn-Met at 40 of mg/kg of DM may improve antioxidant activity of dam and potentially increase passive immunity transfer in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding 071000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiujiang Zhang
- Baoding Husbandry Work Station, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China; Hebei Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, P.R. China
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11
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Tao X, Chen S, Zhao J, Wang S, Dong Z, Li J, Sun F, Shao T. Effects of citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1789511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiong Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxin Sun
- Jiangsu Guoxin Union Energy, Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Effects of the acid-base treatment of corn on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diet. Animal 2020; 14:1876-1884. [PMID: 32295654 PMCID: PMC7435151 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef cattle are often fed high-concentrate diet (HCD) to achieve high growth rate. However, HCD feeding is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. Mild acid treatment of grains in HCD with 1% hydrochloric acid (HA) followed by neutralization with sodium bicarbonate (SB) might modify rumen fermentation patterns and microbiota, thereby decreasing the negative effects of HCD. This study was thus aimed to investigate the effects of treatment of corn with 1% HA and subsequent neutralization with SB on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed HCD. Eighteen beef cattle were randomly allocated to three groups and each group was fed different diets: low-concentrate diet (LCD) (concentrate : forage = 40 : 60), HCD (concentrate : forage = 60 : 40) or HCD based on treated corn (HCDT) with the same concentrate to forage ratio as the HCD. The corn in the HCDT was steeped in 1% HA (wt/wt) for 48 h and neutralized with SB after HA treatment. The animal trial lasted for 42 days with an adaptation period of 7 days. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid samples were collected for measuring ruminal pH values, short-chain fatty acids, endotoxin (or lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and bacterial microbiota. Plasma samples were collected at the end of the trial to determine the concentrations of plasma LPS, proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins (APPs). The results showed that compared with the LCD, feeding the HCD had better growth performance due to a shift in the ruminal fermentation pattern from acetate towards propionate, butyrate and valerate. However, the HCD decreased ruminal pH and increased ruminal LPS release and the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines and APPs. Furthermore, feeding the HCD reduced bacterial richness and diversity in the rumen. Treatment of corn increased resistant starch (RS) content. Compared with the HCD, feeding the HCDT reduced ruminal LPS and improved ruminal bacterial microbiota, resulting in decreased inflammation and improved growth performance. In conclusion, although the HCD had better growth performance than the LCD, feeding the HCD promoted the pH reduction and the LPS release in the rumen, disturbed the ruminal bacterial stability and increased inflammatory response. Treatment of corn with HA in combination with subsequent SB neutralization increased the RS content and helped counter the negative effects of feeding HCD to beef steers.
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Mamuad LL, Lee SS, Lee SS. Recent insight and future techniques to enhance rumen fermentation in dairy goats. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1321-1330. [PMID: 31357272 PMCID: PMC6668860 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of novel techniques in systems biology have been used to improve and manipulate the rumen microbial ecosystem and gain a deeper understanding of its physiological and microbiological interactions and relationships. This provided a deeper insight and understanding of the relationship and interactions between the rumen microbiome and the host animal. New high-throughput techniques have revealed that the dominance of Proteobacteria in the neonatal gut might be derived from the maternal placenta through fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid in utero, which gradually decreases in the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum with increasing age after birth. Multi "omics" technologies have also enhanced rumen fermentation and production efficiency of dairy goats using dietary interventions through greater knowledge of the links between nutrition, metabolism, and the rumen microbiome and their effect in the environment. For example, supplementation of dietary lipid, such as linseed, affects rumen fermentation by favoring the accumulation of α-linolenic acid biohydrogenation with a high correlation to the relative abundance of Fibrobacteriaceae. This provides greater resolution of the interlinkages among nutritional strategies, rumen microbes, and metabolism of the host animal that can set the foundation for new advancements in ruminant nutrition using multi 'omics' technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovelia L Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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14
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Maoduo Z, Hao Y, Wei W, Feng W, Dagan M. Effects of LPS on the accumulation of lipid droplets, proliferation, and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22329. [PMID: 30934154 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause ovarian dysfunction and infertility in mammals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LPS on the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), proliferation, and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). GCs isolated from the ovarian follicles were spontaneously luteinized under media with fetal bovine serum, resulting in increased progesterone and shifted shape from spherical to star with multiple prolongations. Then, LGCs were treated with LPS (0-10 μg/mL) for 0-48 hours. Oil Red O staining was performed to observe LDs accumulation and commercial kit was applied to detect intracellular triglyceride (TG) content. The cell proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8. Expressions of cell-cycle-related genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P 4 ) from cell supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expressions of STAR, P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and CYP19A1 were detected by Western blot. Results showed that LPS treatment significantly increased LDs accumulation after 24 hours, and 5 μg/mL LPS increased TG content ( P < 0.05). LPS treatment for 24 hours stimulated the LGCs activities ( P<0.05), which was confirmed by the increases in the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinB1 and cyclinD1, while 48 hours treatment had no effect. LPS treatment suppressed E 2 and P 4 output of LGCs ( P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that 10 μg/mL LPS decreased the protein expression of 3β-HSD in LGCs ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, LPS increased LDs accumulation and cell proliferation, and LPS-mediated P 4 reduction could be attributed to the decreased 3β-HSD protein expression, which provide new information for the regulation of ovarian function in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Maoduo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Wei
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Dagan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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