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Sarpong N, Seifert J, Bennewitz J, Rodehutscord M, Camarinha-Silva A. Microbial signatures and enterotype clusters in fattening pigs: implications for nitrogen utilization efficiency. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354537. [PMID: 38659980 PMCID: PMC11040106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As global demand for pork continues to rise, strategies to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in pig farming have become vital for environmental sustainability. This study explored the relationship between the fecal microbiota, their metabolites, and NUE in crossbreed fattening pigs with a defined family structure. Pigs were kept under standardized conditions and fed in a two-phase feeding regime. In each phase, one fecal sample was collected from each pig. DNA was extracted from a total of 892 fecal samples and subjected to target amplicon sequencing. The results indicated an influence of sire, sampling period (SP), and sex on the fecal microbiota. Streptococcus emerged as a potential biomarker in comparing high and low NUE pigs in SP 1, suggesting a genetic predisposition to NUE regarding the fecal microbiota. All fecal samples were grouped into two enterotype-like clusters named cluster LACTO and cluster CSST. Pigs' affiliation with enterotype-like clusters altered over time and might be sex-dependent. The stable cluster CSST demonstrated the highest NUE despite containing pigs with lower performance characteristics such as average daily gain, dry matter intake, and daily nitrogen retention. This research contributes with valuable insights into the microbiome's role in NUE, paving the way for future strategies to enhance sustainable pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sarpong
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Schmid M, Weishaar R, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A, Rodehutscord M, Bennewitz J. Genomic analyses of nitrogen utilization efficiency, its indicator trait blood urea nitrogen and the relationship to classical growth performance and feed efficiency traits in a Landrace × Piétrain crossbred population. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38526066 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Improving the nutrient efficiency in pork production is required to reduce the resource competition between human food and animal feed regarding diet components edible for humans and to minimize emissions relevant to climate or the environment. Thereby, protein utilization efficiency and its equivalent nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) play a major role. Breeding for more nitrogen (N) efficient pigs bears a promising strategy to improve such traits, however, directly phenotyping NUE based on N balance data is neither cost-efficient nor straightforward and not applicable for routine evaluations. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the pig are suitable to predict the NUE and, therefore, might be an indicator trait for NUE because BUN is a relatively easy-to-measure trait. This study investigated the suitability of NUE as a selection trait in future breeding programs. The relationships to classical growth performance and feed efficiency traits were analysed as well as the relationship to BUN to infer the role of BUN as an indicator trait to improve NUE via breeding. The analyzes were based on a Landrace F1 cross population consisting of 502 individuals who descended from 20 Piétrain sires. All animals were genotyped for 48,525 SNPs. They were phenotyped in two different fattening phases, i.e., FP1 and FP2, during the experiment. Uni- and bivariate analyses were run to estimate variance components and to determine the genetic correlation between different traits or between the same trait measured at different time points. Moderate heritabilities were estimated for all traits, whereby the heritability for NUE was h2 = 0.293 in FP1 and h2 = 0.163 in FP2 and BUN had the by far highest heritability (h2 = 0.415 in FP1 and h2 = 0.460 in FP2). The significant genetic correlation between NUE and BUN showed the potential of BUN to be considered an indicator trait for NUE. This was particularly pronounced when NUE was measured in FP1 (genetic correlationsr g = - 0.631 $$ {r}_g=-0.631 $$ andr g = - 0.688 $$ {r}_g=-0.688 $$ between NUE and BUN measured in FP1 and FP2, respectively). The genetic correlations of NUE and BUN with important production traits suggest selecting pigs with high growth rates and low BUN levels to breed more efficient pigs in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmid
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ramona Weishaar
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Chen P, Li Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Liu M, Xu H, Ma N, Cao Y, Li Q, Abdelsattar MM, Wang Z, Huo Z, Ren S, Hu L, Liu J, Gao Y, Li J. Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1330876. [PMID: 38487709 PMCID: PMC10938912 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1330876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary SPR on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood indicators, and nitrogen (N) partitioning in mid-lactating Holstein cows. Seventy-two Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three groups (24 head/group), balanced for (mean ± standard deviation) days in milk (116 ± 21.5), parity (2.1 ± 0.8), milk production (42 ± 2.1 kg/d), and body weight (705 ± 52.5 kg). The cows were fed diets with low (2.1, control), medium (2.3), or high (2.5) SPR, formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and iso-starch. The study consisted of a one-week adaptation phase followed by an eight-week experimental period. The results indicated that the high SPR group had a lower dry matter intake compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A quadratic increase in milk yield and feed efficiency was observed with increasing dietary SPR (p < 0.05), peaking in the medium SPR group. The medium SPR group exhibited a lower milk somatic cell count and a higher blood total antioxidant capacity compared to other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing dietary SPR, there was a quadratic improvement (p < 0.05) in the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although no treatment effect was observed in rumen pH, the rumen total volatile fatty acids concentration and microbial crude protein synthesis increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as dietary SPR increased. The molar proportion of propionate linearly increased (p = 0.01), while branched-chain volatile fatty acids linearly decreased (p = 0.01) with increasing dietary SPR. The low SPR group (control) exhibited higher concentration of milk urea N, rumen ammonia N, and blood urea N than other groups (p < 0.05). Despite a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of urinary N to N intake, increasing dietary SPR led to a quadratic increase (p = 0.01) in N utilization efficiency and a quadratic decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of fecal N to N intake. In conclusion, optimizing dietary SPR has the potential to enhance lactation performance and N utilization efficiency. Based on our findings, a medium dietary SPR (with SPR = 2.3) is recommended for mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Nevertheless, further research on rumen microbial composition and metabolites is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Cangzhou Normal University, College of Life Science, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongjian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Zihan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Linqi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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Šiaudinis G, Jasinskas A, Karčauskienė D, Skuodienė R, Repšienė R. The Impact of Nitrogen on the Yield Formation of Artemisia dubia Wall: Efficiency and Assessment of Energy Parameters. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2441. [PMID: 37447002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing importance of energy crops, research on potential energy crops is carried out to identify plant species with high productivity and energy value. The field experiment with the new promising energy crop, Artemisia dubia (wormwood), was executed at the Vėžaičiai Branch of the LAMMC. The soil site was naturally acidic Retisol (pH 4.2-4.4). The species was investigated as an energy crop through the evaluation of its biomass productivity and some energetical qualities. According to the three investigation years, DM yield significantly varied depending on the growing season, cutting time and nitrogen rate. The highest average DM yield was observed in 2020-10.58 t ha-1. On average, the DM yield varied from 6.49 t ha-1 (first cutting) to 11.82 t ha-1 (third cutting). The DM yield was positively correlated with stem height and the mass of one stem. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) depended on the growing season, cutting time and nitrogen rate. Both N90 and N180 rates should be used for A. dubia fertilization. Energy growing analysis (including direct and indirect expenses) revealed that the highest share of energy expenses are due to indirect energy expenses (particularly nitrogen application). EUE (energy utilization efficiency) tends to decrease as a result of increasing nitrogen fertilization. Overall, A. dubia granules are characterized by a high calorific value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintaras Šiaudinis
- Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Gargždų 29, LT-96216 Vėžaičiai, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Jasinskas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu Street 15A, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Danutė Karčauskienė
- Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Gargždų 29, LT-96216 Vėžaičiai, Lithuania
| | - Regina Skuodienė
- Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Gargždų 29, LT-96216 Vėžaičiai, Lithuania
| | - Regina Repšienė
- Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Gargždų 29, LT-96216 Vėžaičiai, Lithuania
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5
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Lv W, He X, Guo H, Lan H, Jiao Y, Li L, Lian Y, Wang Z, Xin Z, Ren Y, Lin T. Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147574. [PMID: 35886923 PMCID: PMC9319360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Haojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Haibin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yanqing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yanhao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zeyu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Tongbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (T.L.)
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6
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Li M, Zhong H, Li M, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Contribution of Ruminal Bacteriome to the Individual Variation of Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Dairy Cows. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815225. [PMID: 35369507 PMCID: PMC8975277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is important for increasing milk protein production and decreasing the feed nitrogen cost and nitrogen emission to the environment. Currently, there is a limited whole picture of the relationship between ruminal bacteriome and the NUE of dairy cows, even though some information has been revealed about the bacteriome and milk or milk protein production of dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to compare the rumen bacterial community in dairy cows with different nitrogen utilization efficiency under the same diet. The natural abundance of 15N between the animal proteins and diet (Δ15N) was used as a simple, non-invasive, and accurate biomarker for NUE in ruminants to mark the individual variation. Dairy cows with high NUE (HE_HP, n = 7), medium NUE (ME_MP, n = 7), and low NUE (LE_LP, n = 7) were selected from 284 Holstein dairy cows with the same diet. Measurement of the rumen fermentation indices showed that the proportion of propionate was higher in HE_HP cows and ME_MP cows than in LE_LP cows (P < 0.05). The diversity of rumen bacterial community was higher in LE_LP cows than in ME_MP cows and HE_HP cows by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis (P < 0.05). Moreover, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001, uncultured_Selenomonadaceae, and Acidaminococcus were higher in HE_HP cows than in LE_LP cows (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that these bacteria were positively correlated with milk protein yield and negatively correlated with Δ15N (P < 0.05). However, Clostridia_UCG_014, Saccharofermentans, Bacilli_RF39, and Desulfovibrio were lower in HE_HP cows and ME_MP cows than in LE_LP cows (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with milk protein yield and positively correlated with Δ15N (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the study showed that the diversity and relative abundances of rumen bacteria differed among different NUE cows, indicating that rumen bacteriome contributes to nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Xu J, Shang L, Wang J, Chen M, Fu X, He H, Wang Z, Zeng D, Zhu L, Hu J, Zhang C, Chen G, Gao Z, Zou W, Ren D, Dong G, Shen L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Guo L, Qian Q, Zhang G. The SEEDLING BIOMASS 1 allele from indica rice enhances yield performance under low-nitrogen environments. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1681-1683. [PMID: 34048114 PMCID: PMC8428826 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Huiying He
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Zian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
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8
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Gang S, Sharma S, Saraf M, Buck M, Schumacher J. Bacterial Indole-3-Acetic Acid Influences Soil Nitrogen Acquisition in Barley and Chickpea. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:780. [PMID: 33923376 PMCID: PMC8071533 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Farming of barley and chickpea is nitrogen (N) fertilizer dependent. Using strategies that increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its components, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) would reduce the N fertilizer application in the soil and its adverse environmental effects. We evaluated the effects of three different strains of diazotroph Klebsiella (K.p. SSN1, K.q. SGM81, and K.o. M5a1) to understand the role of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and bacterial indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on NUE of the plants. A field study revealed that K.p. SSN1 results in profound increment of root surface area by eightfold and threefold compared to uninoculated (control) in barley and chickpea, respectively. We measured significant increase in the plant tissue nitrogen, chlorophyll content, protein content, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrate concentration in the inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05). Treated barley and chickpea exhibited higher NUE and the components compared to the control plants (K.p. SSN1 ≥ K.q. SGM81> K.o. M5a1). Specifically, K.q. SGM81 treatment in barley increased NUpE by 72%, while in chickpea, K.p. SSN1 increased it by 187%. The substantial improvement in the NUpE and NUE by the auxin producers K.p. SSN1 and K.q. SGM81 compared with non-auxin producer K.o. M5a1 was accompanied by an augmented root architecture suggesting larger contribution of IAA over marginal contribution of BNF in nitrogen acquisition from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Gang
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
| | - Martin Buck
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Jorg Schumacher
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.G.); (M.B.)
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9
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Xu YX, He LL, Chen JY, Liu YX, Lyu HH, Wang YY, Yang SM. [Effects of biochar on ammonia volatilization from farmland soil: A review.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 31:4312-4320. [PMID: 33393271 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202012.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reducing soil ammonia volatilization is one of the key ways to reduce soil nitrogen loss and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in farmlands. Biochar has unique physico-chemical pro-perties, which can change soil physical and chemical properties, affect soil nitrogen cycle, and affect ammonia volatilization in farmland soil. Firstly, we reviewed the ammonia volatilization process and its influencing factors (climatic condition, soil environment, and fertilization management, etc.) in paddy fields and upland fields. Then, research progress on the impacts of biochar on ammonia volatilization from farmland ecosystem was reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the responses of ammonia volatilization to biochar intervention were discussed from the aspects of physical adsorption, gas-liquid equilibrium, and biochemical progress regulation. The reduction of soil ammonia volatilization is mainly based on the adsorption of soil NH4+ and NH3 by oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar and the promotion of soil nitrification. How-ever, the increases of soil ammonia volatilization are mainly related to the increases of soil pH, air permeability, activities of microorganisms related with soil organic nitrogen mineralization. Finally, the research direction of reducing soil ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency by biochar was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiang Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.,Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Li-Li He
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.,Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Xue Liu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.,Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hao-Hao Lyu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.,Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.,Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Sheng-Mao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.,Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.,Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Ye X, Zhang X, Huang W, Zhao H. Natural Variations and Dynamic Changes of Nitrogen Indices throughout Growing Seasons for Twenty Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) Varieties. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9101333. [PMID: 33050287 PMCID: PMC7599643 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves are harvested multiple times annually accompanied by a large amount of nitrogen (N) removed. Therefore, tea plantations are characterized by high requirements of N. This study aimed to assess the variations of N-level, apparent N remobilization efficiency (ANRE), and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and their dynamic changes during growing seasons for twenty tea varieties. The N-level was highest in the one bud with two leaves as the youngest category, followed by mature leaves attached to green-red stems, and then by aging leaves attached to grey stems. The dynamic N-level presented different profiles of “S”-, “U”-, and “S-like”-shape in the three categories of leaves during the growing seasons. Here, specifically defined ANRE indicated N fluxes in a specific category of leaves, showing that sources and sinks alternate during the period of two consecutive rounds of growth. The dynamic of averaged NUtE followed an “S”-shape. The results revealed annual rhythms and physiological characters related with N indices, which were variety dependent and closely related with the amount of N requirements at proper time. An optimized NUtE is a complex character determined by the combination of tea plantation management and breeding practices to achieve sustainable development with economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University. Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.H.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangsheng Ye
- College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xinwan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University. Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.H.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University. Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.H.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University. Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.H.)
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hu Y, Siddiqui MH, Li C, Jiang L, Zhang H, Zhao X. Polyamine Metabolism, Photorespiration, and Excitation Energy Allocation in Photosystem II Are Potentially Regulatory Hubs in Poplar Adaptation to Soil Nitrogen Availability. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1271. [PMID: 32983189 PMCID: PMC7479266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is common for poplar trees to improve growth and productivity. The utilization of N by poplar largely depends on fertilizer application patterns; however, the underlying regulatory hubs are not fully understood. In this study, N utilization and potentially physiological regulations of two poplar clones (XQH and BC5) were assessed through two related experiments (i: five levels of N supply and ii: conventional and exponential N additions). Poplar growth (leaf area) and N utilization significantly increased under fertilized compared to unfertilized conditions, whereas photosynthetic N utilization efficiency significantly decreased under low N supplies. Growth characteristics were better in the XQH than in the BC5 clone under the same N supplies, indicating higher N utilization efficiency. Leaf absorbed light energy, and thermal dissipation fraction was significantly different for XQH clone between conventional and exponential N additions. Leaf concentrations of putrescine (Put) and acetylated Put were significantly higher in exponential than in conventional N addition. Photorespiration significantly increased in leaves of XQH clone under exponential compared to conventional N addition. Our results indicate that an interaction of the clone and N supply pattern significantly occurs in poplar growth; leaf expansion and the storage N allocations are the central hubs in the regulation of poplar N utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunming Li
- Institute of Forestry Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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12
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Liu R, Hafeez A, Li EL, Meng JL, Tian JH, Cai KZ. [Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on paddy soil nutrient and nitrogen uptake of rice]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2381-2389. [PMID: 32715704 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explored the impacts of nitrogen (N) reduction and biochar application on soil fertility and nutrient uptake of rice in early and late seasons of 2018 with a field experiment. There were six treatments, including control (no N application, CK), conventional N application (N100), 20% N reduction (N80), 20% N reduction plus biochar application (N80+BC), 40% N reduction (N60), 40% N reduction plus biochar application (N60+BC). Our results showed that 20% and 40% N reduction and/or with biochar application did not affect soil pH, organic matter, total N, total phosphorous (P), total potassium (K), ammonium N, available P and K in comparison with N100 treatment. N80+BC and N60+BC substantially increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) at tillering stage and electrical conductivity (EC) at heading stage in late season, respectively. Compared with the treatment with single N reduction, N80+BC significantly increased soil available K in early and late seasons and soil pH and total N in late season, while N60+BC increased soil total K at mature stage in early season. Soil nitrate content was decreased along with the growth stages for all treatments in early season. Compared with tillering stage, soil nitrate N content in conventional N application at heading stage and mature stage was decreased by 50.0% and 71.6%, respectively. Soil nitrate content in biochar treatment only was decreased by 6.3%-45.5%. N application along with biochar application had no significant effects on plant N uptake and utilization in early season. However, N reduction with biochar application significantly increased plant N uptake and N utilization rate by 34.8%-52.4% in late season, compared to conventional N application and single N reduction. Our findings suggest that adequate N reduction along with biochar application could maintain soil health and improve plant N uptake and utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - En-Lin Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Lin Meng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ji-Hui Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kun-Zheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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Du W, Hou F, Tsunekawa A, Kobayashi N, Peng F, Ichinohe T. Substitution of leguminous forage for oat hay improves nitrogen utilization efficiency of crossbred Simmental calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:998-1009. [PMID: 31891212 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency (NUE, the ratio of retained N to N intake [NI]) of ruminants is always a potential dietary protein wastage as well as a global environmental problem, and dietary N manipulation is the most effective way to improve NUE. We conducted 2 experiments to investigate the effects of replacing oat hay by leguminous forages (alfalfa hay [AH] in experiment [Exp] 1 and common vetch hay [CVH] in Exp 2) with 4 levels (0%, 8%, 16% or 24% AH and 0%, 10%, 20% or 30% CVH on dry matter [DM] basis) at the same crude protein (135 g/kg DM) and metabolizable energy (10.1 MJ/kg DM) on feed intake, N metabolism, NUE and blood composition of crossbred Simmental calves. Sixteen calves of each Exp were assigned to the four diets in a randomized block design. Faecal N (FN) output and the ratio of FN to NI increased with increasing AH/CVH proportions, whereas urinary N (UN) output, the ratio of UN to NI, and the ruminal ammonia N concentration gradually decreased in both experiments. Nutrient digestibility (DM, organic matter [OM] and neutral detergent fibre [NDF]) of calves showed a parabolic trend with gradually increasing AH/CVH proportions. The highest values of nutrient digestibility (DM, OM and NDF) of calves were observed in 16% AH in Exp 1 and 20% CVH in Exp 2. Our findings suggest that 16% and 20% substitution (as a percentage of the total DM allowance) of AH and CVH, respectively, for oat hay are optimal diets to improve NUE and reduce the potential impact of N excretion from livestock farming on the environment through shifting routes of N from urine to faeces without negative effects on live weight gain and nutrient digestibility of crossbred Simmental calves in dryland environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Du
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | | | - Fei Peng
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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14
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Park T, Mao H, Yu Z. Inhibition of Rumen Protozoa by Specific Inhibitors of Lysozyme and Peptidases in vitro. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2822. [PMID: 31866983 PMCID: PMC6908469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defaunation studies have shown that rumen protozoa are one of the main causes of low nitrogen utilization efficiency due to their bacterivory and subsequent intraruminal cycling of microbial protein in ruminants. In genomic and transcriptomic studies, we found that rumen protozoa expressed lysozymes and peptidases at high levels. We hypothesized that specific inhibition of lysozyme and peptidases could reduce the activity and growth of rumen protozoa, which can decrease their predation of microbes and proteolysis and subsequent ammoniagenesis by rumen microbiota. To test the above hypothesis, we evaluated three specific inhibitors: imidazole (IMI), a lysozyme inhibitor; phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor; and iodoacetamide (IOD), a cysteine protease inhibitor; both individually and in combinations, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a positive control. Rumen fluid was collected from two Jersey dairy cows fed either a concentrate-based dairy ration or only alfalfa hay. Each protozoa-enriched rumen fluid was incubated for 24 h with or without the aforementioned inhibitors and fed a mixture of ground wheat grain, alfalfa, and grass hays to support microbial growth. Live protozoa cells were morphologically identified and counted simultaneously at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of incubation. Fermentation characteristics and prokaryotic composition were determined and compared at the end of the incubation. Except for IOD, all the inhibitors reduced all the nine protozoal genera identified, but to different extents, in a time-dependent manner. IOD was the least inhibitory to protozoa, but it lowered ammoniagenesis the most while not decreasing feed digestibility or concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA). ANCOM analysis identified loss of Fibrobacter and overgrowth of Treponema, Streptococcus, and Succinivibrio in several inhibitor treatments. Functional prediction (from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences) using the CowPI database showed that the inhibitors decreased the relative abundance of the genes encoding amino acid metabolism, especially peptidases, and lysosome in the rumen microbiota. Overall, inhibition of protozoa resulted in alteration of prokaryotic microbiota and in vitro fermentation, and peptidases, especially cysteine-peptidase, may be targeted to improve nitrogen utilization in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Huiling Mao
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Chen J, Arafat Y, Ud Din I, Yang B, Zhou L, Wang J, Letuma P, Wu H, Qin X, Wu L, Lin S, Zhang Z, Lin W. Nitrogen Fertilizer Amendment Alter the Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and Improve Crop Yield. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2623. [PMID: 31798559 PMCID: PMC6868037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of nitrogen (N) in soil changes the composition and activities of microbial community, which is critical for the processing of soil organic matter and health of crop plants. Inappropriate application of N fertilizer can alter the rhizosphere microbial community and disturb the soil N homeostasis. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of different ratio of N fertilizer at various early to late growth stages of rice, while keeping the total N supply constant on rice growth performance, microbial community structure, and soil protein expression in rice rhizosphere. Two different N regimes were applied, i.e., traditional N application (NT) consists of three sessions including 60, 30 and 10% at pre-transplanting, tillering and panicle initiation stages, respectively, while efficient N application (NF) comprises of four sessions, i.e., 30, 30, 30, and 10%), where the fourth session was extended to anthesis stage. Soil metaproteomics combined with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to determine the rhizosphere biological process. Under NF application, soil enzymes, nitrogen utilization efficiency and rice yield were significantly higher compared to NT application. T-RFLP and qPCR analysis revealed differences in rice rhizosphere bacterial diversity and structure. NF significantly decreased the specific microbes related to denitrification, but opposite result was observed for bacteria associated with nitrification. Furthermore, soil metaproteomics analysis showed that 88.28% of the soil proteins were derived from microbes, 5.74% from plants, and 6.25% from fauna. Specifically, most of the identified microbial proteins were involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and protein metabolisms. Our experiments revealed that NF positively regulates the functioning of the rhizosphere ecosystem and further enabled us to put new insight into microbial communities and soil protein expression in rice rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yasir Arafat
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Israr Ud Din
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liuting Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juanying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Zhou W, Yang Z, Wang T, Fu Y, Chen Y, Hu B, Yamagishi J, Ren W. Environmental Compensation Effect and Synergistic Mechanism of Optimized Nitrogen Management Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Indica Hybrid Rice. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:245. [PMID: 30886623 PMCID: PMC6410729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern rice cultivation relies heavily upon inorganic nitrogen fertilization. Effective fertilizer management is key to sustainable agricultural development. Field and pot trials were conducted in 2014-2016, including a 15N-labeled urea pot experiment (2014) to investigate mechanism by which optimized nitrogen fertilizer application (OFA) increases nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE). Results showed that the applied nitrogen recovery efficiencies with OFA were 71.71%, 110.17%, and 51.38% higher than those obtained with traditional nitrogen fertilizer application (TFA) in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. These improvements are attributed mainly to the high recovery efficiency rates derived from spikelet-developing and spikelet-promoting fertilizer applications at the jointing stage and 15-20 d after jointing. Under OFA, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at the early stages was half that used in TFA, which not only promoted the absorption of soil nitrogen, but also reduced nitrogen loss to the environment, as the NUE of basal and tillering fertilizer was only about 22%. Nitrogen applied during the panicle differentiation stage increased the expression of ATM1;1, a NH4 + transporter in roots. This effect significantly improved the uptake of nitrogen derived from fertilizer from jointing to heading stage. Up-regulation of the expression and activity of GS and GOGAT at the panicle differentiation and grain-filling stages promoted nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to reproductive organs. The uptake of nitrogen derived from fertilizer increased from 22.51% in TFA to 35.58% in OFA. Nevertheless, rice absorbs most of the nitrogen it requires from the soil. The OFA treatment could effectively utilize the environmental compensation effect, promote the absorption and transport of nitrogen, and ultimately lead to improvement in NUE. Future research should aim to understand the soil nitrogen supply capacity in order to apply nitrogenous fertilizer in such a way that it sustains the nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Ecoagriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Ecoagriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binhua Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junko Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Wanjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Ecoagriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Gao R, Guo G, Fang C, Huang S, Chen J, Lu R, Huang J, Fan X, Liu C. Rapid Generation of Barley Mutant Lines With High Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency by Microspore Mutagenesis and Field Screening. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:450. [PMID: 29681915 PMCID: PMC5897737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro mutagenesis via isolated microspore culture provides an efficient way to produce numerous double haploid (DH) lines with mutation introduction and homozygosity stabilization, which can be used for screening directly. In this study, 356 DH lines were produced from the malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Hua-30 via microspore mutagenic treatment with ethyl methane sulfonate or pingyangmycin during in vitro culture. The lines were subjected to field screening under high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions, and the number of productive tillers was used as the main screening index. Five mutant lines (A1-28, A1-84, A1-226, A16-11, and A9-29) with high numbers of productive tillers were obtained over three consecutive years of screening. In the fifth year, components related to N-use efficiency (NUE), including N accumulation, utilization, and translocation, were characterized for these lines based on N uptake efficiency (NUpE), N utilization efficiency (NUtE), and N translocation efficiency (NTE). The results show that the NUpE of four mutant lines (A1-84, A1-226, A9-29, and A16-11) improved significantly under HN, whereas that of two lines (A1-84 and A9-29) improved under LN. As a result, their NUE improved greatly. No improvement in NUtE was observed in any of the five mutant lines. A1-84 and A9-29 were selected as an enhanced genotype in N uptake, and A1-28 showed improved NTE at the grain-filling stage. Our results imply that high-NUpE mutants can be produced through microspore mutagenesis and field screening, and that improvement of NUE in barley depends on enhancement of N uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guimei Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Saihua Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruiju Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
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Garai S, Tripathy BC. Corrigendum: Alleviation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Deficiency and Enhancement of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by Overexpression of Uroporphyrinogen III Methyltransferase ( UPM1). Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1365. [PMID: 30333840 PMCID: PMC6180202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02265.].
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19
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Garai S, Tripathy BC. Alleviation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Deficiency and Enhancement of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by Overexpression of Uroporphyrinogen III Methyltransferase ( UPM1). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2265. [PMID: 29472934 PMCID: PMC5810253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Siroheme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole, is the prosthetic group of nitrite reductase (NiR) and sulfite reductase (SiR); it is synthesized from uroporphyrinogen III, an intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and is required for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Further, uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (UPM1), responsible for two methylation reactions to form dihydrosirohydrochlorin, diverts uroporphyrinogen III from the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway toward siroheme synthesis. AtUPM1 [At5g40850] was used to produce both sense and antisense plants of Arabidopsis thaliana in order to modulate siroheme biosynthesis. In our experiments, overexpression of AtUPM1 signaled higher NiR (NII) and SiR gene and gene product expression. Increased NII expression was found to regulate and enhance the transcript and protein abundance of nitrate reductase (NR). We suggest that elevated NiR, NR, and SiR expression must have contributed to the increased synthesis of S containing amino acids in AtUPM1overexpressors, observed in our studies. We note that due to higher N and S assimilation in these plants, total protein content had increased in these plants. Consequently, chlorophyll biosynthesis increased in these sense plants. Higher chlorophyll and protein content of plants upregulated photosynthetic electron transport and carbon assimilation in the sense plants. Further, we have observed increased plant biomass in these plants, and this must have been due to increased N, S, and C assimilation. On the other hand, in the antisense plants, the transcript abundance, and protein content of NiR, and SiR was shown to decrease, resulting in reduced total protein and chlorophyll content. This led to a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate, carbon assimilation and plant biomass in these antisense plants. Under nitrogen or sulfur starvation conditions, the overexpressors had higher protein content and photosynthetic electron transport rate than the wild type (WT). Conversely, the antisense plants had lower protein content and photosynthetic efficiency in N-deficient environment. Our results clearly demonstrate that upregulation of siroheme biosynthesis leads to increased nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, and this imparts tolerance to nitrogen and sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
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20
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Wang B, Wen FX, Xiao B. [Effects of Nitrate in Water on the Growth of Iris pseudacorus L. and Its Adsorption Capacity of Nitrogen in a Simulated Experiment]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:3447-3452. [PMID: 29964779 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide references for the application of emergent plants in the remediation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, a hydroponic experiment was conducted for Iris pseudacorus L. with different nitrate mass concentrations (i. e., 10.68, 23.88, 42.22, 63.33, 82.92, 97.13 mg·L-1). The effects of nitrate mass concentration in water on the growth and nitrogen absorption capacity of I. pseudacorus were evaluated by the aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, root-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrate removal efficiency of the plants. The following results were obtained from the experiment. 1 The effects of nitrate mass concentration on the aboveground (stems and leaves) growth of the I. pseudacorus were greater than that on the belowground (roots) growth. Compared with the values before the experiment, the root-shoot ratio of the I. pseudacorus increased in the treatment with 10.68 mg·L-1 of nitrate mass concentration; while the root-shoot ratio decreased in the treatments with 42.22-97.13 mg·L-1 of nitrate mass concentration. 2 The I. pseudacorus grew better with nitrate mass concentration ranging from 23.88 mg·L-1 to 63.33 mg·L-1; and the chlorophyll biosynthesis of the plants was inhibited in the treatments with 10.68, 82.92, and 97.13 mg·L-1 of nitrate mass concentration. 3 The total nitrogen accumulation of the I. pseudacorus was in range of 10.56-75.43 mg in the experiment, which increased with the increase of nitrate mass concentration; and the accumulation of nitrogen in the belowground parts was 7.2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.1, 1.6, and 1.5 times of that in the aboveground parts, respectively. 4 The nitrogen utilization efficiency of the aboveground parts was higher than that of the belowground parts. 5 The removal rates of nitrate by I. pseudacorus were 94.9%-99.3%, which increased with increasing nitrate mass concentration. The nitrate mass concentration in water decreased with time in exponential function. In conclusion, I. pseudacorus has promising performance in the removal of nitrate in water, but its growth, nitrogen adsorption, and nitrate removal rate were significantly affected by the nitrate mass concentration. Moreover, the response of growth and nitrogen adsorption in aboveground of I. pseudacorus to nitrate mass concentration was more sensitive than that in belowground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fen-Xiang Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Dong ZD, Guo MM, Yi Y, Zhang MW, Zhu XK, Feng CN, Guo WS. [Difference in nitrogen accumulation and translocation between semi-winterness and springness wheat.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2016; 27:1910-1916. [PMID: 29737699 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201606.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen accumulation, translocation and allocation were investigated in a field experiment to find out the difference between six semi-winterness wheat cultivars and nine springness wheat cultivars that are mainly grown in Jiangsu. Results indicated that the average nitrogen accumulation amount (NAA) in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars was lower from the beginning of wintering to jointing stage, but higher from booting to maturity stage, compared with the springness wheat cultivars tested under the same rate of nitrogen fertilization. The amount of nitrogen accumulated between the beginning of wintering and jointing stage showed no significant difference between the two types of wheat cultivars, but that accumulated between anthesis and maturity in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars was higher than that in the springness wheat cultivars. The total N translocation amount (TNTA) and N accumulation amount to grains after anthesis (NAAA) were significantly higher in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars than those in the springness wheat cultivars, but the total N translocation efficiency (NTE), the contribution proportion of accumulated N (ANCP), and the contribution proportion of translocated N (TNCP) did not show significant difference between the two types of wheat cultivars. In leaves, the semi-winterness wheat cultivars showed lower TNTA, NTE and TNCP than the springness wheat cultivars, but in stem and sheath these N indexes were higher in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars, with a significant level for TNTA. These were significant differences in NAA, NAAA, TNTA and TNCP among cultivars with the same spring type or semi-winter type. According to the differences in nitrogen absorption, utilization and translocation among different wheat cultivars, nitrogen utilization efficiency could be improved by using approp-riate amount and reasonable proportion of nitrogen fertilizers at different developmental stages of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao di Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Kai Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Nian Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Shan Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Christensen RG, Yang SY, Eun JS, Young AJ, Hall JO, MacAdam JW. Effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay on neutral detergent fiber digestion, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and lactational performance by dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7982-92. [PMID: 26364095 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diets in comparison with an alfalfa hay-based diet on N utilization efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and lactational performance by mid-lactation dairy cows. Nine multiparous lactating Holstein cows (131 ± 22.6 d in milk), 3 of which were rumen fistulated, were fed 3 experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of data and sample collection. Within squares, cows were randomly assigned to diets as follows: alfalfa hay-based diet (AHT), alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diet (ABT), and birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diet (BT). Intakes of dry matter and crude protein were similar across treatments, whereas ABT and BT diets resulted in decreased fiber intake compared with AHT. Feeding BT tended to increase neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with AHT and ABT. Milk yield tended to increase for cows consuming ABT or BT diets. Milk true protein concentration and yield were greater for cows consuming ABT relative to those fed AHT. Concentration of total volatile fatty acids tended to increase by cows fed BT compared with those fed AHT and ABT. Feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay in a total mixed ration resulted in a tendency to decrease acetate proportion, but it tended to increase propionate proportion, leading to a tendency to decrease acetate-to-propionate ratio. Whereas concentration of ammonia-N was similar across treatments, cows offered BT exhibited greater microbial protein yield relative to those fed AHT and ABT. Cows offered birdsfoot trefoil hay diets secreted more milk N than AHT, resulting in improved N utilization efficiency for milk N. The positive effects due to feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay were attributed to enhanced neutral detergent fiber digestion, and thus it could replace alfalfa hay in high-forage dairy diets while improving N utilization efficiencies and maintaining lactational performance compared with alfalfa hay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Christensen
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - S Y Yang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - J-S Eun
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322.
| | - A J Young
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - J O Hall
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - J W MacAdam
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University, Logan 84322
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23
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Girondé A, Poret M, Etienne P, Trouverie J, Bouchereau A, Le Cahérec F, Leport L, Orsel M, Niogret MF, Deleu C, Avice JC. A profiling approach of the natural variability of foliar N remobilization at the rosette stage gives clues to understand the limiting processes involved in the low N use efficiency of winter oilseed rape. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2461-73. [PMID: 25792758 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape, a crop requiring a high level of nitogen (N) fertilizers, is characterized by low N use efficiency. To identify the limiting factors involved in the N use efficiency of winter oilseed rape, the response to low N supply was investigated at the vegetative stage in 10 genotypes by using long-term pulse-chase (15)N labelling and studying the physiological processes of leaf N remobilization. Analysis of growth and components of N use efficiency allowed four profiles to be defined. Group 1 was characterized by an efficient N remobilization under low and high N conditions but by a decrease of leaf growth under N limitation. Group 2 showed a decrease in leaf growth under low N supply that was associated with a low N remobilization efficiency under both N supplies despite a high remobilization of soluble proteins. In response to N limitation, Group 3 is characterized by an increase in N use efficiency and leaf N remobilization compared with high N that is not sufficient to sustain the leaf biomass production at a similar level to non-limited plants. Genotypes of Group 4 subjected to low nitrate were able to maintain leaf growth to the same level as under high N. The profiling approach indicated that enhancement of amino acid export and soluble protein degradation was crucial for N remobilization improvement. At the whole-plant level, N fluxes revealed that Group 4 showed a high N remobilization in source leaves combined with a better N utilization in young leaves. Consequently, an enhanced N remobilization limits N loss in fallen leaves, but this remobilized N needs to be efficiently utilized in young leaves to improve N use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Girondé
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Françoise Le Cahérec
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Laurent Leport
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, F-49045 Angers, France AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Niogret
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Carole Deleu
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
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