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Hashemitabar SH, Hosseinian SA. The comparative effects of probiotics on growth, antioxidant indices and intestinal histomorphology of broilers under heat stress condition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23471. [PMID: 39379397 PMCID: PMC11461668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects both the productivity and well-being of chickens. Probiotics offer beneficial impacts on the health and growth performance of broilers. The current study investigates the influence of administering of Bacillus (including B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans, and B. indicus) and Lactobacillus (consisting of L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and L. rhamnosus) probiotics via drinking water, either singular or combined, on various aspects including growth performance, oxidative stress markers, carcass characteristics, fecal microbial composition, intestinal structure, and intestinal pH in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. A total of 150 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups: (1) NC, negative control; (2) HS, birds exposed to chronic heat stress; (3) HSpBacil, exposed to chronic heat stress and received Bacillus probiotic; (4) HSpLAB, subjected to chronic heat stress and provided with Lactobacillus probiotic; (5) HSpMix, subjected to chronic heat stress and administered a combined probiotic from Bacillus and Lactobacillus. The HS group exhibited significantly reduced levels of growth performance, carcass traits, and notably affected oxidative stress indices, as well as intestinal pH and histomorphology in the birds. Additionally, the administered probiotics led to increased weight of lymphoid organs, enhanced body weight gain, and improved intestinal histomorphology. Furthermore, the probiotics decreased malondialdehyde and increased total antioxidant capacity in broilers. In conclusion, Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotics, as single or multi-species, particularly Lactobacillus and combined probiotic, demonstrated potential in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. They could serve as beneficial feed additives and growth enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Hashemitabar
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alemeh Hosseinian
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345, Iran.
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2
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Smolińska K, Sobczyński J, Szopa A, Wnorowski A, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Czernecki T, Bielak A, Dobrowolska K, Smoliński K, Klebaniuk R, Dobrowolski P. Innovative high fat diet establishes a novel zebrafish model for the study of visceral obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3012. [PMID: 38321127 PMCID: PMC10847117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex chronic condition associated with multiple health risks, including visceral obesity, which is particularly detrimental. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying obesity and its associated pathologies, a novel zebrafish model was established using an innovative high-fat diet (HFD). The primary goal was to induce visceral obesity in zebrafish and study the associated structural changes. To achieve this, a unique HFD consisting of 40% beef fat (HFD40) was developed and supplemented with magnesium aluminometasilicate to improve stability in a high humidity environment. Feeding regimens were initiated for both juvenile (starting at 2 weeks post-fertilization, lasting 18 weeks) and adult zebrafish (3 months post-fertilization, 8 weeks feeding duration). The innovative dietary approach successfully induced visceral obesity in both juvenile and adult zebrafish. This new model provides a valuable tool to study obesity-related pathologies, metabolic syndrome, and potential therapeutic interventions. Most importantly, the low-cost and easy-to-prepare composition of HFD40 was seamlessly incorporated into the water without the need for separation, was readily absorbed by the fish and induced rapid weight gain in the zebrafish population. In conclusion, this study presents a novel HFD40 composition enriched with a high beef fat concentration (40%), which represents a significant advance in the development of an experimental zebrafish model for the study of visceral obesity and associated metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolińska
- Chronic Wounds Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 7, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St. 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czernecki
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Dietitian Service, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Bielak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dobrowolska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kacper Smoliński
- Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Żwirki I Wigury St. 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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3
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Wang S, Li C, Zhang C, Liu G, Zheng A, Qiu K, Chang W, Chen Z. Effects of Sihuang Zhili Granules on the Diarrhea Symptoms, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity of Poultry Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1372. [PMID: 37507912 PMCID: PMC10376454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has been focused on Chinese herbs as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters, which are characterized by non-toxic side effects and drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Sihuang Zhili granule (abbreviated as Sihuang) on diarrhea, immunity, and antioxidation in poultry. Thirty male Leghorn chickens, aged 21 days, were randomly assigned to one of three groups with ten animals each. The control group (CON) received intraperitoneal saline injections, while the LPS-challenged group (LPS) and Sihuang intervention group (SH) received intraperitoneal injections of LPS (0.5 mg/kg of BW) and Sihuang (5 g/kg) at d 31, d 33, d 35, respectively. The control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, while the SH group was fed a diet supplemented with Sihuang from d 21 to d 35. Analysis of the diarrhea index showed that the addition of Sihuang inhibited the increase in the diarrhea grade and the fecal water content caused by LPS, effectively alleviating poultry diarrhea symptoms. The results of the immune and antioxidant indexes showed that Sihuang significantly reduced the contents of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF- α and IL-1 β, as well as the oxidative stress markers ROS and MDA. Conversely, it increased the contents of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, along with the activities of antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and CAT, thereby enhancing the immune and antioxidant abilities of chickens. Furthermore, Sihuang protected the chicken's ileum, liver, and immune organs from LPS invasion and maintained their normal development. In conclusion, this study confirmed the antidiarrheal effect of Sihuang in poultry farming and demonstrated its ability to improve poultry immunity and antioxidant capacity by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chong Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Yalçın S, Ramay MS, Güntürkün OB, Yalçın SS, Ahlat O, Yalçın S, Özkaya M. Efficacy of mono- and multistrain synbiotics supplementation in modifying performance, caecal fermentation, intestinal health, meat and bone quality, and some blood biochemical indices in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:262-274. [PMID: 35436371 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The superiority of synbiotics in terms of their biological effects depends primarily on a suitable combination of both components, pro-biotic and pre-biotic. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of mono- and multistrain synbiotics on overall performance, caecal fermentation, intestinal health, meat and bone quality along with some blood biochemical indices in broilers. A total of 231, 1-day-old male Ross 308, broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups using 11 replicates each and seven chicks/replicate. The dietary treatments included control group with no synbiotic supplementation, monostrain (Maflor) and multistrain (Maflor plus) synbiotic groups with 1 g/kg of added synbiotics each. Synbiotics feeding significantly improved animal performance with a clear impact on meat quality in terms of low-fat, optimum ultimate pH24, higher water holding capacity, and lower drip and cooking losses. Of the two synbiotics, multistrain seemed to have responded better in modifying small intestinal epithelia and fermentation metabolites, although both synbiotics were comparable in reducing the pathogen load. Load-bearing capacity of both leg bones (femur and tibia) was also enhanced with synbiotics supplementation, which was also reflected in their mineral profile. The blood serum biochemical analysis showed a reduction in circulating cholesterol and triglycerides levels and an increment in IgA and IgG concentrations. In conclusion, the remarkable efficacy of tested synbiotics in providing higher growth, better meat quality in tandem with the optimum gut environment, lower pathogen load, healthy epithelia, immunomodulation, hypocholesterolemic, and hypotriglyceridemic effects affirms their great potential to be used as feed additives in broiler diets. Contrary to our expectations, the effectiveness of a mono-strain in comparison to multistrain synbiotic in improving almost all the features investigated was also notable. Further evaluation under challenging conditions should be explicitly conducted to achieve more comprehensive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Shazaib Ramay
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ozan Ahlat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Yalçın
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özkaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
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5
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Mao B, He Z, Chen Y, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B. Effects of Bifidobacterium with the Ability of 2'-Fucosyllactose Utilization on Intestinal Microecology of Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245392. [PMID: 36558551 PMCID: PMC9785880 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast milk, 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) is the most abundant breast milk oligosaccharide and can selectively promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria. This study aimed to explore the effect of ifidobacterial with different utilization capacities of 2'FL on the intestinal microecology of mice. Furthermore, the effects of ifidobacterial with different 2'FL utilization capabilities on mice gut microbiota under the competitive pressure of 2'FL as a carbon source were explored. Compared with the control group, 2'FL, Bifidobacterium (B.) bifidum M130R01M51 + 2'FL, B. longum subsp. Longum CCFM752, and CCFM752 + 2'FL treatments significantly decreased the food intake. Moreover, the water intake, body weight, and fecal water content in all groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group. The combination of B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752 and 2'FL can significantly increase the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. B. bifidum M130R01M51 and mixed strains combined with 2'FL significantly increased the contents of acetic acid and isobutyric acid. The results showed that B. bifidum M130R01M51, B. breve FHuNCS6M1, B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752, and B. longum subsp. infantis SDZC2M4 combined with 2'FL significantly increased the species richness of the gut microbiota. Moreover, B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752 and B. longum subsp. infantis SDZC2M4 significantly increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium, respectively. In conclusion, exploring the impact on intestinal microecology can provide theoretical guidance for the development of personalized prebiotics for different bifidobacteria, which has the potential to improve the ecological imbalance of infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhujun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wu Y, Nie C, Xu C, Luo R, Chen H, Niu J, Bai X, Zhang W. Effects of dietary supplementation with multispecies probiotics on intestinal epithelial development and growth performance of neonatal calves challenged with Escherichia coli K99. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4373-4383. [PMID: 35066866 PMCID: PMC9303730 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics exhibit antibiotic properties and are capable of treating certain bacterial infections, including diarrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with multispecies probiotic (MSP) on diarrhea, average daily gain (ADG) and intestinal development of neonatal calves challenged with Escherichia coli K99. RESULTS Thirty-six neonatal Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. After E. coli K99 challenge, calves in the control (C) and MSP treatment groups had significantly higher ADG and feed efficiency, and significantly lower fecal scores than those of calves in the diarrhea (D) group. The mean time of diarrhea resolution was 4.5 and 3.1 days for calves in the D and MSP treatment groups, respectively. Furthermore, the structures of the various segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) of the small intestine of the calves, activities of several small intestinal enzymes, and expression of several energy metabolism-related genes in the small intestine segments were significantly affected by MSP treatments. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of MSP had a positive effect in treating calf diarrhea; it improved ADG and feed efficiency and promoted development of the small intestine. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐yan Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Cun‐xi Nie
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Rui‐qing Luo
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co. LtdShiheziChina
| | - Hong‐li Chen
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co. LtdShiheziChina
| | - Jun‐li Niu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
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Rzeznitzeck J, Hoerr FJ, Rychlik I, Methling K, Lalk M, Rath A, von Altrock A, Rautenschlein S. Morphology, microbiota, and metabolome along the intestinal tract of female turkeys. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102046. [PMID: 36130451 PMCID: PMC9489512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rzeznitzeck
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rath
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Lambo MT, Chang X, Liu D. The Recent Trend in the Use of Multistrain Probiotics in Livestock Production: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2805. [PMID: 34679827 PMCID: PMC8532664 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that introducing feed additives to livestock, either nutritional or non-nutritional, is beneficial in manipulating the microbial ecosystem to maintain a balance in the gut microbes and thereby improving nutrient utilization, productivity, and health status of animals. Probiotic use has gained popularity in the livestock industry, especially since antimicrobial growth promoter's use has been restricted due to the challenge of antibiotic resistance in both animals and consumers of animal products. Their usage has been linked to intestinal microbial balance and improved performance in administered animals. Even though monostrain probiotics could be beneficial, multistrain probiotics containing two or more species or strains have gained considerable attention. Combining different strains has presumably achieved several health benefits over single strains due to individual isolates' addition and positive synergistic adhesion effects on animal health and performance. However, there has been inconsistency in the effects of the probiotic complexes in literature. This review discusses multistrain probiotics, summarizes selected literature on their effects on ruminants, poultry, and swine productivity and the various modes by which they function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.T.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.T.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dasen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.T.L.); (X.C.)
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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9
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Dobrowolski P, Muszyński S, Donaldson J, Jakubczak A, Żmuda A, Taszkun I, Rycerz K, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Kuc D, Tomaszewska E. The Effects of Prenatal Supplementation with β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and/or Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid on the Development and Maturation of Mink Intestines Are Dependent on the Number of Pregnancies and the Sex of the Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1468. [PMID: 34065327 PMCID: PMC8160670 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) affects the development and maturation of offspring. Both substances have the potential to stimulate cell metabolism via different routes. However, parity affects development and may alter the effects of dietary supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational supplementation with HMB and/or AKG to primiparous and multiparous minks on the structure and maturation of the offspring's small intestine. Primiparous and multiparous American minks (Neovison vison), of the standard dark brown type, were supplemented daily with HMB (0.02 g/kg b.w.) and/or AKG (0.4 g/kg b.w.) during gestation (n = 7 for each treatment). Supplementation stopped when the minks gave birth. Intestine samples were collected from 8-month-old male and female offspring during autopsy and histology and histomorphometry analysis was conducted (LAEC approval no 64/2015). Gestational supplementation had a long-term effect, improving the structure of the offspring's intestine toward facilitating absorption and passage of intestinal contents. AKG supplementation affected intestinal absorption (enterocytes, villi and absorptive surface), and HMB affected intestinal peristalsis and secretion (crypts and Goblet cells). These effects were strongly dependent on parity and offspring gender. Present findings have important nutritional implications and should be considered in feeding practices and supplementation plans in animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Andrzej Jakubczak
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Żmuda
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karol Rycerz
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka St. 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Damian Kuc
- Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka St. 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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10
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Donaldson J, Świątkiewicz S, Arczewka-Włosek A, Muszyński S, Szymańczyk S, Arciszewski MB, Siembida AZ, Kras K, Piedra JLV, Schwarz T, Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P. Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1349. [PMID: 34068515 PMCID: PMC8151840 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn-wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds/replicate. A 2 × 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p < 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.A.-W.)
| | - Anna Arczewka-Włosek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.A.-W.)
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Szymańczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Marcin Bartłomiej Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Zacharko Siembida
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kras
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Jose Luis Valverde Piedra
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Schwarz
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Reicher N, Melkman-Zehavi T, Dayan J, Uni Z. It's All About Timing: Early Feeding Promotes Intestinal Maturation by Shifting the Ratios of Specialized Epithelial Cells in Chicks. Front Physiol 2020; 11:596457. [PMID: 33391016 PMCID: PMC7773643 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine (SI) of chicks (Gallus gallus) matures rapidly during the initial post-hatch period and acquires digestive, absorptive, and secretive capabilities. The effects of the timing of first feeding on the quantities and distribution of specialized epithelial cells, which generate and maintain SI morphology and functionality, have not yet been examined. In this study, we identified specialized SI epithelial cell sub-types, including stem, progenitor, proliferating, and differentiated cells within crypts and villi of chicks during the first 10 days post-hatch, by in situ hybridization (ISH), immunofluorescence (IF), and histochemical staining. We then examined their quantities and ratios between day of hatch and d10 in chicks that were fed upon hatch [early feeding (EF)], compared to chicks that were fed 24 h post-hatch [delayed feeding (DF)]. Results showed that EF increased total cell quantities in the crypts and villi at days 1, 3, 7, and 10, compared to DF (p < 0.0001). At d3, EF, in comparison to DF, decreased crypt stem cell proportions (p < 0.0001), increased crypt proliferating (p < 0.01) and differentiated (p < 0.05) cell proportions, and increased villus enterocyte proportions (p < 0.01). By d10, EF increased both the quantities and proportions of villus enterocytes and goblet cells, compared to DF. We conclude that feeding upon hatch, compared to 24 h-delayed feeding, enhanced SI maturation and functionality by increasing the quantities and proportions of proliferating and differentiated cells, thus expanding the digestive, absorptive, and secretive cell populations throughout the initial post-hatch period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Reicher
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Melkman-Zehavi
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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