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Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, Zhu L, Chen G, Feng T. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:244-264. [PMID: 38800730 PMCID: PMC11127233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lufang Deng
- Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101105, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Rabee AE, Mohamed M Ghandour M, Sallam A, Elwakeel EA, Mohammed RS, Sabra EA, Abdel-Wahed AM, Mourad DM, Hamed AA, Hafez OR. Rumen fermentation and microbiota in Shami goats fed on condensed tannins or herbal mixture. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:35. [PMID: 38297287 PMCID: PMC10829277 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemical compounds can modify the rumen microbiome and improve rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the impact of supplementation with tannin and an herbal mixture containing ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), Artemisia (Artemisia vulgaris), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the rumen fermentation and microbiota, and histology of rumen tissue of goats. Eighteen Shami male goats were divided into three groups (n = 6): non-supplemented animals fed the basal diet (C, control); animals fed basal diet and supplemented with condensed tannin (T); and animals fed basal diet and supplemented with herbal mixture (HM). Each animal received a basal diet composed of Alfalfa hay and a concentrate feed mixture. RESULTS Group HM revealed higher (P < 0.05) rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric. Principal Co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that rumen microbial communities in the control group and supplemented groups were distinct. The supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria and declined (P < 0.05) Firmicutes and Fibrobacterota. Additionally, the dominant genus Prevotella and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group were increased (P < 0.05) and the family Ruminococcaceae was declined (P < 0.05) due to the supplementation. The supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter and increased (P < 0.05) Candidatus Methanomethylophilus. Tannin supplementation in T group shortened the rumen papillae. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the herbal mixture might be used to alter the rumen microbiota to improve rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Mohamed M Ghandour
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Animal and Poultry Breeding Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Mohammed
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim A Sabra
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdel-Wahed
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Disouky Mohamed Mourad
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Amin Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Raef Hafez
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
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Aitpayeva Z, Tagayev O, Smagulov D, Sidikhov B, Barakhov B. Veterinary sanitary assessment of mutton after application of antihelminth feed additive with albendazole. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e250723. [PMID: 35043833 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study assessed the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole effect on the main indicators of the quality of sheep meat obtained from infected and deworming animals. A total of 20 heads of Akzhaik meat and wool sheep (i.e. 2 years of age, of different sex) were used in a 20-day experiment and 2 groups of 10 heads were formed (n = 4). The sheep were fed with the basic diet (i.e. control, group CON), without adding anything, and the second group was fed the basic diet orally with the addition of a dose of 1.2 g / head (an experimental group). At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter was carried out from each group in order to study the biochemical composition of meat and its quality. The anthelmintic feed additive albendazole did not have a significant effect on the indicators (organoleptic and physicochemical) of meat quality (P> 0.04). However, the ratio of fat and ash in the meat of the control group has differences in indicators and is reduced by 24.81% and 0.03%, respectively. The drug had a significant effect on the biological value of meat in the experimental group, where there is a higher content of essential amino acids (P = 0.06), nonessential (P = 0.05) concentrations in comparison with the CON groups. The results obtained show that the meat of the experimental groups of sheep, when using the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole, did not have a significant effect on organoleptic parameters, but significantly positively influenced the metabolism, live weight gain and biological value of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Aitpayeva
- Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Kazakhstan
| | - O. Tagayev
- Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Kazakhstan
| | - D. Smagulov
- Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Kazakhstan
| | - B. Sidikhov
- Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Kazakhstan
| | - B. Barakhov
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Kazakhstan
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Tang Y, Huang L, Sun X, Ren C, Liu TW, Wu W, Zhang Z, Zhu W. Effects of allicin on growth performance, antioxidant profile, and microbiota compared to monensin of growing goats. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13917. [PMID: 38323750 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Allicin is a sulfur-containing compound extracted from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.). We compared the effect of allicin addition on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiota of goats compared to monensin. Twenty-four Anhui white goats were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments: 1) a basal diet (CON); 2) the basal diet with allicin addition at 750 mg per head per day (AC); 3) the basal diet with monensin addition at 30 mg per kg of diet (MS). Animals were fed for 8 weeks. Results showed the average daily gain, and feed efficiency was increased with allicin and monensin addition. Serum levels of IgG, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the AC group than those in the CON and MS groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that monensin addition mainly affected genera related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and allicin mainly affected genera related to energy metabolism and intestinal health. In conclusion, allicin could improve growth performance and have advantages over monensin in improving the antioxidant capacity and immune function of goats. Allicin may be a potential alternative to monensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
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Du S, Bu Z, You S, Jiang Z, Su W, Wang T, Jia Y. Integrated rumen microbiome and serum metabolome analysis responses to feed type that contribution to meat quality in lambs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:65. [PMID: 38115081 PMCID: PMC10729572 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors, such as diet, are known to be a driver on the meat quality, rumen microbiome and serum metabolites. Rumen microbiome metabolites may be important for host health, the correlation between rumen microbiome and production of rumen metabolites are reported, while the impact of rumen microbiome on the serum metabolome and fatty acid of meat are still unclear. This study was designed to explore the rumen microbiome, serum metabolome and fatty acid of meat in response to the grass diet and concentrate diet to lambs, and the relationship of which also investigated. METHODS In the present study, 12 lambs were randomly divided into two groups: a grass diet (G) and a concentrate diet (C). Here, multiple physicochemical analyses combined with 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolome analysis was performed to reveal the changes that in response to feed types. RESULTS The concentrate diet could improve the growth performance of lambs compared to that fed with the grass diet. The microbiome composition was highly individual, compared to the concentrate group, the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, F082_unclassified, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Bacteroidetes_unclassified, and Bacteroidales_UCG-001_unclassified were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the grass group, while, the abundance of Succinivibrio, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002, Fibrobacter and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the grass group. Serum metabolomics analysis combined with enrichment analysis revealed that serum metabolites were influenced by feed type as well as the metabolic pathway, and significantly affected serum metabolites involved in amino acids, peptides, and analogues, bile acids, alcohols and derivatives, linoleic acids derivatives, fatty acids and conjugates. Most of the amino acids, peptides, and analogues metabolites were positively associated with the fatty acid contents. Among the bile acids, alcohols and derivatives metabolites, glycocholic was positively associated with all fatty acid contents, except C18:0, while 25-Hydroxycholesterol and lithocholic acid metabolites were negatively associated with most of the fatty acid contents. CONCLUSION Correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with metabolite features, metabolite features with fatty acid provides us with comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of microbial communities. Associations between utilization or production were widely identified among affected microbiome, metabolites and fatty acid, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenkun Bu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tenghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314399, China.
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Gaafar HM, Dell'Anno M, Rossi L, Mohsen MK, Abdel-Raouf ESM, El-Nahrawy MM, Amer AW. Evaluation of Beeswax Supplementation on Productive Performance of Growing Assaf Lambs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:574. [PMID: 37756096 PMCID: PMC10536123 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the effects of beeswax supplementation on growth rate, feed intake, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and economic sustainability in Assaf lambs. Eighteen growing Assaf (5 months old) lambs were separated into three experimental groups (n = 6 lambs/group). The lambs were fed a basal diet without supplementation (G1) or supplemented with 2 and 4 g beeswax/head/day in G2 and G3 groups, respectively. Zootechnical performance was evaluated over a 90 day period. Feed digestibility was assessed in faeces through the acid insoluble-ash method, and rumen liquor was collected to measure ammonia (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) levels. Blood samples were obtained for the titration serum metabolites by colorimetric tests. The findings showed that G3 had an improved performance compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). The lambs in G3 revealed the highest nutrient digestibility and feed use, followed by G2, and G1. G3 recorded the highest economic efficiency followed by G2 and G1 (p < 0.01). The TVFA, acetate, and propionate concentrations were higher and the pH values, NH3-N, and butyrate concentrations were lower in G3 compared to G2 and particularly to G1 (p < 0.01). The concentrations of total protein, globulin, and glucose were significantly higher with 4 g beeswax (p < 0.05). However, albumin, cholesterol, total lipids, urea, creatinine, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) concentrations as well as the albumin to globulin ratio decreased significantly with both levels of beeswax (p < 0.05). The addition of beeswax at the level of 4 g/head/day for growing Assaf lambs significantly improved the growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood serum parameters in addition to the economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohamed Gaafar
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 33717, Egypt
| | - Matteo Dell'Anno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences-DIVAS, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences-DIVAS, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mohamed Kamel Mohsen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Mohamed Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | | | - Abdeen Wajeeh Amer
- Animal Production Specialist at the National Campaign to Advance Camel Productivity Project, Desert Research Center, Cairo P.O. Box 11756, Egypt
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Ding H, Ao C, Zhang X. Potential use of garlic products in ruminant feeding: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:343-355. [PMID: 37635929 PMCID: PMC10448032 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The addition of antibiotics as growth promoters to ruminant feed can result in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in ruminant products. Correspondingly, there is serious public concern regarding the presence of antibiotic residue in ruminant products and the consequent threat to human health. As a result, the addition of plants and their products to ruminant feeds, as an alternative to antibiotics, has received much attention recently. Garlic and its products are rich in organosulphur compounds, which have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used as natural additives in animal production. This review presents recent knowledge on the addition of garlic products (powder, skin, oil, leaf and extracts) to the diets of ruminants. In this paper, garlic products are evaluated with respect to their chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and their impacts on the rumen ecosystem, antioxidant status, immune response, parasitic infection, growth performance and product quality of ruminants. This review provides valuable guidance and a theoretical basis for the development of garlic products as green, highly efficient and safe additives, with the aims of promoting ruminant growth and health, reducing methane emissions and improving ruminant product quality. Garlic extracts have the potential to control parasite infections by decreasing the faecal egg count. Garlic powder, oil and allicin are able to reduce the methane emissions of ruminants. Organosulphur compounds such as allicin, which is present in garlic products, have the potential to inhibit membrane lipid synthesis of the archaeal community, thus influencing the population of methanogenic archaea and resulting in a reduction in methane emissions. Some garlic products are also able to increase the average daily gain (garlic skin, water extract, and leaf) and the feed conversion ratio (garlic skin and leaf) of ruminants. Garlic stalk silage fed to sheep has the potential to improve the nutritional value of mutton by increasing the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and essential amino acids. Sheep fed a diet containing garlic powder or oil are able to produce milk with higher concentrations of the conjugated linoleic acids and n-3 fatty acids, which has health benefits for consumers, due to the widely recognized positive impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids on human heart health, improving platelet aggregation, vasodilation and thrombotic tendency. Overall, garlic products have the potential to enhance growth performance and product quality and reduce parasite infections, as well as methane emissions of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ding
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Changjin Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
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Gao X, Hou MJ, Fu XY, Wang HC, Shang ZH, Zhu HD. Effect of replacing corn straw by sweet sorghum silage or whole plant corn silage in sheep diets on rumen fermentation and bacterial flora. Animal 2023; 17:100906. [PMID: 37556919 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum silage (SS; Sorghum dochna 'Dochna') has been extensively studied in recent years as a supplementary forage-to-corn silage (CS; Zea mays L.), but there are still relatively few studies on its effects on the rumen environment of sheep. Determining the short-term impact of converting roughage from corn straws to SS compared to CS on rumen fermentation and bacterial population dynamics was the main goal of the current study. Twelve female thin-tailed Han sheep (29.8 ± 1.34 kg) were randomly divided into one of two treatments: concentrate supplemented with SS or CS, respectively. During the 15-day pretest period, concentrate was fed in two separate feedings at 0800 h and 1800 h, and ensure that the animals were all consumed within an hour of being fed. Thereafter, the animals had free access to corn straw. The feeding procedures during the pretest period were the same as during the measurement period. Rumen fluid was collected via sheep esophageal tube on the last day of adaptation phase (1-7 days) and stabilisation phase (8-30 days), respectively. The results showed that there was a similarity in the total concentration of VFA (volatile fatty acid) and the proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and branched-chain VFA (P > 0.05) and microbial diversity indices (P > 0.05) between the two silage groups throughout the experimental period. The concentration of Ammonia nitrogen (P = 0.001) and proportion of valerate (P = 0.028) decreased in the CS and SS groups, respectively. The abundance and predicted function of rumen bacteria in the SS group did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the two measurement phases. However, the abundance of Prevotella_1 (P = 0.038) was higher in the CS group than in the SS group at 7 d. The abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.005) and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P = 0.002) increased, while the abundances of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.044), Proteobacteria (P = 0.046), and Prevotella_1 (P = 0.009) decreased in the CS group at 30 d. Genes related to pyruvate metabolism (P = 0.020) were significantly higher at 30 d than at 7 d, whereas purine metabolism (P = 0.007), pyrimidine metabolism (P = 0.007), and metabolic pathways (P = 0.010) were lower at 30 d in the CS group. In conclusion, this study indicated that SS maintained a steady rumen environment, while CS caused high fluctuations in bacterial abundance and predicted function for sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - M J Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - X Y Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - H C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Z H Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - H D Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
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Xie K, Chang S, Ning J, Guo Y, Zhang C, Yan T, Hou F. Dietary supplementation of Allium mongolicum modulates rumen-hindgut microbial community structure in Simmental calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174740. [PMID: 37350783 PMCID: PMC10284144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to traditional herbage, functional native herbage is playing more important role in ruminant agriculture through improving digestion, metabolism and health of livestock; however, their effects on rumen microbial communities and hindgut fermentation are still not well understood. The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of Allium mongolicum on bacterial communities in rumen and feces of claves. Sixteen 7-month-old male calves were randomly divided into four groups (n = 4). All calves were fed a basal ration containing roughage (alfalfa and oats) and mixed concentrate in a ratio of 60:40 on dry matter basis. In each group, the basal ration was supplemented with Allium mongolicum 0 (SL0), 200 (SL200), 400 (SL400), and 800 (SL800) mg/kg BW. The experiment lasted for 58 days. Rumen fluid and feces in rectum were collected, Rumen fluid and hindgut fecal were collected for analyzing bacterial community. In the rumen, Compared with SL0, there was a greater relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria (p < 0.05) and genera Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (p < 0.01) in SL800 treatment. In hindgut, compared with SL0, supplementation of A. mongolicum (SL200, SL400, or SL800) decreased in the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (p < 0.01), Ruminiclostridium_5 (p < 0.01), Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group (p < 0.05), and Alistipes (p < 0.05) in feces; Whereas, the relative abundances of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < 0.05), and Prevotella_1 (p < 0.01) in SL800 were higher in feces, to maintain hindgut stability. This study provided evidence that A. mongolicum affects the gastrointestinal of calves, by influencing microbiota in their rumen and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Dietary Supplementation of Fruit from Nitraria tangutorum Improved Immunity and Abundance of Beneficial Ruminal Bacteria in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223211. [PMID: 36428439 PMCID: PMC9686964 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Nitraria tangutorum (FNT) is reputed to possess medicinal properties; however, its effect on sheep (Ovis aries) is unknown. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. In a 3 × 3 Latin square design, six 12-month-old rumen-fistulated Hu rams (56.2 ± 8.26 kg; mean ± SD) were penned individually and offered one of three levels of FNT, namely, 0 g/d (control; CON), 16 g/d (N16), and 48 g/d (N48). The concentration of serum immunoglobulin G increased linearly (p = 0.03) with an increasing intake of FNT. The serum concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in the N48 group was lower than in the CON group (p = 0.01) and decreased linearly with increasing FNT (p = 0.001). The concentration of serum lactate dehydrogenase tended to decrease (p = 0.07) linearly with an increase in FNT intake, while the concentration of glucose did not differ among groups (p = 0.14) but displayed a quadratic curve with an increase in FNT (p = 0.05). The rumen concentration of lipase decreased linearly with increasing FNT (p = 0.04). The rumen fermentation variables were not affected by FNT. The FNT intake increased the abundance of beneficial ruminal bacteria, such as Lachnoclostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, and Candidatus Arthromitus. Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcus, Olsenella, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Quinella were the dominant bacterial genera in all treatments. We conclude that FNT can improve immunity and increase the relative abundance of beneficial ruminal bacteria in sheep.
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Effects of Neem ( Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Feed Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Performance in Omani Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223146. [PMID: 36428374 PMCID: PMC9687045 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the dietary addition of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) when compared to monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, feed intake, digestibility, and performance of growing lambs. Eighteen Omani lambs (22.8 ± 2.18 kg of body weight (BW)) were equally divided into three groups (n = 6 lambs/group) for 90 days. Animals were fed an ad lib basal diet consisting of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (600 g/kg) and a concentrated mixture (400 g/kg) offered twice daily. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without supplements); MON (control plus 35 mg/kg DM as a positive control); and NLP (control plus 40 g/kg DM). Lambs fed NLP had reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations, protozoal counts, total volatile fatty acid, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations compared to the control. Compared to MON, lambs fed NLP had increased ruminal acetate and decreased propionate proportions. Inclusion of NLP in the diet increased blood total protein, globulin, and liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with the control, which was similar to MON. The lamb's final BW and average BW gain were also increased with the NLP relative to the control. Further, adding NLP to the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein compared to the control diet. In conclusion, adding NLP to the diet with 40 g/kg DM could be used as a promising phytogenic supplement for growing lambs with no detrimental effects on the ruminal fermentation profile, nutrient intake, or digestibility.
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Zhang J, Wei Q, Li Q, Liu R, Tang L, Song Y, Luo J, Liu S, Wang P. Effects of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera silage on growth performance, visceral organs, blood biochemical indices, antioxidant indices, and carcass traits in dairy goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Wang L, Huo B, Huang L, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, Fang Z. Dietary supplementation with a mixture of herbal extracts during late gestation and lactation improves performance of sows and nursing piglets through regulation of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1026088. [PMID: 36213410 PMCID: PMC9538178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary inclusion of phytogenic feed additives to improve the performance and health of sows is considered to be safe, effective and environmentally friendly, thus gaining growing popularity among new strategies. This study was designed with three trials aimed to determine the effective supplemental levels of Scutellaria baicalensis and Lonicera japonica mixed extracts (SLE) in sow diets based on production performance and explore its related mechanisms of action based on serum metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and immune profile of sows and nursing piglets. Trials 1 and 2 were conducted to determine the effective dose and ratio of SLE by supplementation of various proportions and doses of SLE to sows diets from the late pregnancy to weaning, with litter performance at farrowing and weaning and disease conditions being evaluated. Trial 3 was conducted to further explore the mechanisms of action of SLE as evaluated by serum immunity and antioxidants indices in late gestation and lactation sows. The results of trials 1 and 2 showed that dietary supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SLE (50% S. baicalensis extract, 30% L. japonica extract, and 20% wheat bran fiber as carrier) enhanced the number of piglets born alive, litter birth weight, litter weight gain, and average daily feed intake of sows during lactation, while decreased diarrhea of suckling piglets. In Trial 3, compared with the control group, dietary SLE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) sow serum glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), prolactin (PRL) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities at the farrowing, and increased (P < 0.05) sow serum prolactin, leptin, and insulin concentrations at d 14 of lactation. Fat concentrations in sow colostrum and in milk on day 14 of lactation, both IgA and IgG concentrations in colostrum, and both IL-10 and IgA concentrations in piglet serum at d 14 of lactation were all increased (P < 0.05) following dietary SLE supplementation. Altogether, dietary supplementation with the appropriate levels of SLE promoted health and growth of suckling piglets, which was associated with the improvement of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengfeng Fang
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El-Hawy AS, Abdel-Rahman HG, El-Bassiony MF, Anwar A, Hassan MA, Elnabtiti AAS, Abdelrazek HMA, Kamel S. Immunostimulatory effects of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on Barki rams growth performance, antioxidant assay, and immunological status. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:314. [PMID: 35971171 PMCID: PMC9377079 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural feed supplements are gaining popularity in the animal production sector due to their safety and potential immunostimulatory properties, as well as the ban of some antibiotics and their negative residual effects. This study was carried out for 1 month to investigate the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on growth performance and cell-mediated immunological status of rams assessed by leukogram assessment, lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin assay after lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) including interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 12 (IL12), and gamma interferon (γ-IF), as well as Comet assay (% of DNA damage, tail length (px), % DNA in tail, tail moment and Olive tail moment). METHODS Eighteen Barki rams (26.21 ± 0.64 kg) were divided into 3 equal treatment groups (6 sheep/each), G1: animals served as the control group that was fed the basal diet only, while the other treated groups (G2 and G3 (Nan 1.5% and Nan 3%) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5% and 3% N. oculata (dry matter basis), respectively. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that G3 showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in performance (body weight and body weight gain), the highest significant count (P < 0.05) in lymphocytes, and the lowest significant (P < 0.05) levels of neutrophils and neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio (N/L) ratio. Meanwhile, both levels of N. oculata significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA and increased TAC than control which seemed to be directly correlated with supplemented dose. There was a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in the lymphocyte transformation assay produced significant (P < 0.05) high cytokines (IL6, γ-IF, IL12, and TNF-α) and the lowest significant (P <0.05) percent of DNA damage. The conducted principal component analysis estimated the inter-relationship between parameters and revealed that microalgae correlated strongly with cytokine assay and TAC, and negatively with Comet assay parameters; MDA, and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS It can be noted that dietary addition of N. oculata 3% increased sheep's performance while also producing significant-high cytokines. It also enhanced sheep immunology by considerably enhancing lymphocyte transformation ability. The antioxidant activity of Nannochloropsis appears to influence these findings. It was proposed that the Barki rams' basal diet be supplemented with 3% N. oculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S El-Hawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - M F El-Bassiony
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - A A S Elnabtiti
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Nowak B, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Skorupka M, Puchalska J, Kozłowska M, Bocianowski J, Kołodziejski PA, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Stochmal A, Cieslak A. Effect of Paulownia Leaves Extract Levels on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Population, Methane Production, and Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134288. [PMID: 35807533 PMCID: PMC9268131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paulownia is a fast-growing tree that produces a huge mass of leaves as waste that can be used as a feed source for ruminants. The previous study showed that phenolic compounds were the most active biological substances in Paulownia leaves, which affected the ruminal parameters and methane concentration. However, there are no scientific reports on the Paulownia leaves extract (PLE) containing phenolic compounds for their mode of action in the rumen. Phenolics constituted the main group of bioactive compounds in PLE (84.4 mg/g dry matter). PLE lowered the concentration of ammonia, modulated the VFA profile in the ruminal fluid, and decreased methane production. The PLE caused a significant reduction of in vitro dry matter degradability, reduced the number of methanogens and protozoa, and affected selected bacteria populations. PLE had a promising effect on the fatty acid profile in the ruminal fluid. Paulownia as a new dietary component or its extract as a feed additive may be used to mitigate ruminal methanogenesis, resulting in environmental protection and reducing ruminal biohydrogenation, improving milk and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (B.M.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Skorupka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Julia Puchalska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Martyna Kozłowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Kolkata 700037, India;
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (B.M.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (B.N.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Dorantes-Iturbide G, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Lara-Bueno A, Miranda-Romero LA, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Hernández-García PA. Effects of a Polyherbal Dietary Additive on Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Blood Metabolites of Finishing Lambs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050413. [PMID: 35629917 PMCID: PMC9143098 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of a polyherbal additive (PA) containing hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and essential oils on productive performance, dietary energetics, carcass and meat characteristics, and blood metabolites of lambs in their finishing phase. Twenty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (20.52 ± 0.88 kg body weight (BW)) were housed in individual pens and assigned to four treatments (n = 7) with different doses of PA: 0 (CON), 1 (PA1), 2 (PA2), and 3 (PA3) g of PA kg−1 of DM for 56 days. Compared to the CON, lambs in PA1 treatment had higher average daily gain (p = 0.03), higher dietary energy utilization (p = 0.01), greater backfat thickness (p = 0.02), greater Longissimus dorsi muscle area (p = 0.01), and better feed conversion ratio (p = 0.02). PA supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) dry matter intake, carcass yield, biometric measures, and meat chemical composition. All hematological and most of the blood biochemical parameters were similar in lambs of all treatments (p > 0.05). However, compared to the CON, lambs assigned to the PA3 treatment had lower serum urea concentration (p = 0.05) and higher serum albumin concentration (p = 0.03). In conclusion, low doses of PA could be used as a growth promoter in finishing lambs without affecting dry matter intake, carcass yield, meat chemical composition, and health status of the lambs. However, more in vivo research is needed to better understand the impact of bioactive compounds from PA used on productivity, metabolism, and health status of finishing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Dorantes-Iturbide
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico; (G.D.-I.); (J.F.O.-O.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico; (G.D.-I.); (J.F.O.-O.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Lara-Bueno
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico; (G.D.-I.); (J.F.O.-O.); (L.A.M.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico; (G.D.-I.); (J.F.O.-O.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Germán David Mendoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City CP 04960, Mexico;
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Nie C, Hu Y, Chen R, Guo B, Li L, Chen H, Chen H, Song X. Effect of probiotics and Chinese medicine polysaccharides on meat quality, muscle fibre type and intramuscular fat deposition in lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2067489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Nie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Zhang X, Liu X, Chang S, Zhang C, Du W, Hou F. Effect of Cistanche deserticola on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Grazing Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840725. [PMID: 35432287 PMCID: PMC9009397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, veterinary drugs and chemical additives have been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding to improve production performance. However, problems such as drug residues in food are causing serious concerns. The use of functional plants and their extracts to improve production performance is becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cistanche deserticola in sheep feed on rumen flora and to analyze the causes to provide a theoretical basis for the future use of Cistanche deserticola as a functional substance to improve sheep production performance. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted using 24 six-month-old sheep males divided into four groups (six animals in each group) which were fed a basic diet composed of alfalfa and tall fescue grass. The C. deserticola feed was provided to sheep at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) as experimental treatments. On the last day (Day 75), ruminal fluid was collected through a rumen tube for evaluating changes in rumen flora. The test results showed that Prevotella_1, Lactobacillus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant species at the genus level in all samples. Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Butyrivibrio_2, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group differed significantly in relative abundance among the treatment groups. The polysaccharides in C. deserticola was the major factor influencing the alteration in rumen flora abundance, and had the functions of improving rumen fermentation environment and regulating rumen flora structure, etc. Hence, C. deserticola can be used to regulate rumen fermentation in grazing sheep to improve production efficiency.
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Sanna F, Piluzza G, Campesi G, Molinu MG, Re GA, Sulas L. Antioxidant Contents in a Mediterranean Population of Plantago lanceolata L. Exploited for Quarry Reclamation Interventions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060791. [PMID: 35336673 PMCID: PMC8950243 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plantago lanceolata L. (plantain) is an interesting multipurpose perennial species whose aerial parts are used in herbal medicine due to its precious phytochemicals and are palatable to animals. Moreover, peculiar traits such as drought tolerance, an extended growth season and a deep root system, make plantain a promising pioneer plant for quarry reclamation based on the use of native species. This study evaluated the effects of different environmental conditions and seasons on the accumulation of the bioactive compounds of its aerial organs. An autochthonous plantain population was grown in three locations in Sardinia (Italy). Leaves, peduncles and inflorescences were collected between October 2020 and July 2021. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. The analysis of the individual phenolic compounds was performed using liquid chromatography. In leaves, the content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and total flavonoids were significantly influenced by location and season. Total phenolic content ranged from 65 to 240 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1, whereas total flavonoids were from 16 to about 89 g catechin equivalent kg-1. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic acids, verbascoside, diosmin and luteolin were identified in the methanolic extracts of leaves, peduncles and inflorescences. Verbascoside was the main antioxidant isolated from plantain extracts. Results evidenced an increasing accumulation pattern of phenolics from vegetative stage to flowering, followed by a decrement towards the seed ripening as well as site-specific differences with amounts of phenolics even 25% higher for same plantain accession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sanna
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-2841608
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
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20
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Li F, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li X, Song Q, Zhou B, Zhao L, Wang J, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Lin C, Yang X, Zeng X, Wang W. Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis to Identify Candidate Genes Associated With the rib eye Muscle Area in Hu Sheep. Front Genet 2022; 13:824742. [PMID: 35368668 PMCID: PMC8964300 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.824742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In sheep meat production, the rib eye area is an important index to evaluate carcass traits. However, conventional breeding programs have led to slow genetic progression in rib eye muscle area. Operationalizing molecular marker assisted breeding is an optimized breeding method that might improve this situation. Therefore, the present study used whole genome sequencing data to excavate candidate genes associated with the rib eye muscle. Male Hu lambs (n = 776) with pedigrees and 274 lambs with no pedigree were included. The genetic parameters of the rib eye area were estimated using a mixed linear mixed model. The rib eye area showed medium heritability (0.32 ± 0.13). Whole-genome sequencing of 40 large rib eye sheep [17.97 ± 1.14, (cm2)] and 40 small rib eye sheep [7.89 ± 0.79, (cm2)] was performed. Case-control genome-wide association studies and the fixation index identified candidate rib eye-associated genes. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes (ALS2, ST6GAL2, LOC105611989, PLXNA4, DPP6, and COL12A1) were identified as candidates. The study population was expanded to 1050 lambs to perform KASPar genotyping on five SNPs, which demonstrated that SNPs in LOC105611989, DPP6, and COL12A1 correlated significantly with the rib eye area, which could be used as genetic markers for molecular breeding of the rib eye area. The results provided genetic parameters estimated on the rib eye area and information for breeding based on carcass traits in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qizhi Song
- Linze County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Gansu Province, Linze, China
| | - Bubo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weimin Wang,
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Redoy MRA, Rahman MA, Atikuzzaman M, Shuvo AAS, Hossain E, Khan MJ, Al-Mamun M. Dose titration of plantain herb (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on growth performance, serum antioxidants status, liver enzymatic activity and meat quality in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1952114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. A. Redoy
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. A. Rahman
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. Atikuzzaman
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - A. A. S. Shuvo
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - E. Hossain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. J. Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. Al-Mamun
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Huang H, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Ślusarczyk S, Lechniak D, Vazirigohar M, Varadyova Z, Kozłowska M, Cieślak A. Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jiang C, Ding L, Dong Q, Wang X, Wei H, Hu C, Ma C, Yan Q, Zhou Y, Degen AA. Effects of root extracts of three traditional Chinese herbs as dietary supplements on dry matter intake, average daily gain, rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in early weaned yak calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu W, Su Z, Xu W, Sun HX, Gao JF, Tu DF, Ren CH, Zhang ZJ, Cao HG. Garlic skin induces shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening lambs. Animal 2021; 15:100216. [PMID: 34051409 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its constituents have been shown to modify rumen fermentation and improve growth performance. Garlic skin, a by-product of garlic processing, contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on growth performance, ruminal microbes, and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of garlic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks serving as the adaptation period. The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than those in the CON group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices, including the Chao1 index, the abundance-based coverage estimator value, and the Shannon and Simpson indices. At the genus level, garlic skin supplementation altered the ruminal bacterial composition by increasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, and Methanosphaera and decreasing (P < 0.05) the abundance of Fretibacterium. Concentrations of 139 metabolites significantly differed (P < 0.05) between the GAS and the CON groups. Among them, substrates for rumen microbial protein synthesis were enriched in the GAS group. The pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism were influenced (P < 0.05) by garlic skin supplementation. Integrated correlation analysis also provided a link between the significantly altered rumen microbiota and metabolites. Thus, supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of lambs by modifying rumen fermentation through shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Z Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - W Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - H X Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - J F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - D F Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - C H Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Z J Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - H G Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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25
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Provenza FD, Anderson C, Gregorini P. We Are the Earth and the Earth Is Us: How Palates Link Foodscapes, Landscapes, Heartscapes, and Thoughtscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.547822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are participating in the sixth mass extinction, and for the first time in 200,000 years, our species may be on the brink of extinction. We are facing the greatest challenges we have ever encountered, namely how to nourish eight billion people in the face of changing climates ecologically, diminish disparity between the haves and the have-nots economically, and ease xenophobia, fear, and hatred socially? Historically, our tribal nature served us well, but the costs of tribalism are now far too great for one people inhabiting one tiny orb. If we hope to survive, we must mend the divides that isolate us from one another and the communities we inhabit. While not doing so could be our undoing, doing so could transform our collective consciousness into one that respects, nourishes, and embraces our interdependence with life on Earth. At a basic level, we can cultivate life by using nature as a model for how to produce and consume food; by decreasing our dependence on fossil fuels for energy to grow, process, and transport food; and by transcending persistent battles over one-size-fits-all plant- or animal-based diets. If we learn to do so in ways that nourish life, we may awaken individually and collectively to the wisdom of the Maori proverb Ko au te whenua. Ko te whenua Ko au: I am the land. The land is me. In this paper, we use “scapes” —foodscapes, landscapes, heartscapes, and thoughtscapes—as unifying themes to discuss our linkages with communities. We begin by considering how palates link animals with foodscapes. Next, we address how palates link foodscapes with landscapes. We then consider how, through our reverence for life, heartscapes link palates with foodscapes and landscapes. We conclude with transformations of thoughtscapes needed to appreciate life on Earth as a community to which we belong, rather than as a commodity that belongs to us.
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Response of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on nutritional, endo-parasitic, and endocrine status in lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:82. [PMID: 33411066 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of plantain herb (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on growth, plasma metabolites, liver enzymatic activity, hormonal status, gastrointestinal parasites, and carcass characteristics of lambs. A total of 24 lambs, aged 6 months weighing 8.0 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: (1) CL diet-roadside grass and concentrate mixture; (2) PL diet-CL diet + 5% fresh plantain supplementation on a DM basis. The PL diet group exhibited 23% higher (P = 0.01) average daily gain and 15% improved (P = 0.03) feed conversion efficiency. Circulating cholesterol concentrations were suppressed by 9% (P = 0.03), and liver enzyme activity was improved by 5-25% (P < 0.05) in the lamb fed PL diet, compared with CL diet only. The inclusion of plantain in the diet was highly effective at suppressing the parasites, Paramphistomum spp. (P = 0.003) and coccidial parasites (P = 0.04), but not stomach worms. Moreover, plantain supplementation increased growth hormone and insulin concentrations in plasma level, whereas decreased carcass fat by 32.7%. Therefore, supplementation of the lambs' diet with plantain showed some beneficial effects on productivity and parasitic infection, while it led to a leaner carcass.
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27
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Yaxing Z, Erdene K, Changjin A, Zhibi B, Hongxi D, Zejun F, Umair A, Chen B. Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts supplementation on the growth performance, carcass parameters and meat quality of sheep. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1971572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yaxing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Khas Erdene
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ao Changjin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao Zhibi
- Animal Husbandry Workstation for Bayannaoer, Linhe, China
| | - Du Hongxi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Hetao, Linhe, China
| | - Fan Zejun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ashraf Umair
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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