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Nascimento RR, Aquino CC, Sousa JK, Gadelha KL, Cajado AG, Schiebel CS, Dooley SA, Sousa PA, Rocha JA, Medeiros JR, Magalhães PC, Maria-Ferreira D, Gois MB, C P Lima-Junior R, V T Wong D, Lima AM, Engevik AC, Nicolau LD, Vale ML. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein triggers gut impairment since mucosal barrier to innermost layers: From basic science to clinical relevance. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38555027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies have reported the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, primarily diarrhea, in COVID-19. However, the pathobiology regarding COVID-19 in the GI tract remains limited. This work aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein interaction with gut lumen in different experimental approaches. Here, we present a novel experimental model with the inoculation of viral protein in the murine jejunal lumen, in vitro approach with human enterocytes, and molecular docking analysis. Spike protein led to increased intestinal fluid accompanied by Cl- secretion, followed by intestinal edema, leukocyte infiltration, reduced glutathione levels, and increased cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-10], indicating inflammation. Additionally, the viral epitope caused disruption in the mucosal histoarchitecture with impairment in Paneth and goblet cells, including decreased lysozyme and mucin, respectively. Upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 gene expression suggested potential activation of local innate immunity. Moreover, this experimental model exhibited reduced contractile responses in jejunal smooth muscle. In barrier function, there was a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and alterations in the expression of tight junction proteins in the murine jejunal epithelium. Additionally, paracellular intestinal permeability increased in human enterocytes. Finally, in silico data revealed that the Spike protein interacts with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC), inferring its role in the secretory effect. Taken together, all the events observed point to gut impairment, affecting the mucosal barrier to the innermost layers, establishing a successful experimental model for studying COVID-19 in the GI context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata R Nascimento
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristhyane C Aquino
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José K Sousa
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kalinne L Gadelha
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aurilene G Cajado
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Schiebel
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paulo A Sousa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A Rocha
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jand R Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Pedro C Magalhães
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Gois
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Junior
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Deysi V T Wong
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aldo M Lima
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas D Nicolau
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Lab of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Mariana L Vale
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Lopes ALF, Araújo AKDS, Chaves LDS, Pacheco G, Oliveira APD, Silva KCD, Oliveira ACPD, Aquino CCD, Gois MB, Nicolau LAD, Medeiros JVR. Protective effect of alpha-ketoglutarate against water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176118. [PMID: 37871764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric lesions have several aetiologies, among which stress is the most prominent. Therefore, identification of new therapies to prevent stress is of considerable importance. Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-kg) several beneficial effects and has shown promise in combating oxidative stress, inflammation, and premature aging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of α-kg in a gastric damage model by water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS). Pretreatment with α-kg decreased stress-related histopathological scores of tissue oedema, cell loss, and inflammatory infiltration. The α-kg restored the percentage of type III collagen fibres. Mucin levels were preserved as well as the structure and area of the myenteric plexus ganglia were preserved after pretreatment with α-kg. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were also reduced following α-kg pretreatment. Decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) in the stress group were restored by α-kg. The omeprazole group was used as standard drug e also demonstrated improve on some parameters after the exposition to WIRS as inflammatory indexes, GSH and mucin. Through this, was possible to observe that α-kg can protect the gastric mucosa exposed to WIRS, preserve tissue architecture, reduce direct damage to the mucosa and inflammatory factors, stimulate the production of type III collagen and mucin, preserve the myenteric plexus ganglia, and maintain antioxidant potential. Due to, we indicate that α-kg has protective activity of the gastric mucosa, demonstrating its ability to prevent damage associated with gastric lesions caused by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Fernandes Lopes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Ketly da Silva Araújo
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Letícia de Sousa Chaves
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Ana Patrícia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Katriane Carvalho da Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Health, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology (LIGAT), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP 64202-020, Brazil.
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da Silva KS, Abboud KY, Schiebel CS, de Oliveira NMT, Bueno LR, de Mello Braga LLV, da Silveira BC, Santos IWFD, Gomes EDS, Gois MB, Cordeiro LMC, Maria Ferreira D. Polysaccharides from Passion Fruit Peels: From an Agroindustrial By-Product to a Viable Option for 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:912. [PMID: 37513823 PMCID: PMC10383750 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious and dose-limiting toxic side effect of oncologic treatment. Interruption of cancer treatment due to gastrointestinal mucositis leads to a significant decrease in cure rates and consequently to the deterioration of a patient's quality of life. Natural polysaccharides show a variety of beneficial effects, including a gastroprotective effect. Treatment with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) biomass residues protected the gastric and intestinal mucosa in models of gastrointestinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective therapeutic effect of SDF on 5-FU-induced mucositis in male and female mice. Oral treatment of the animals with SDF did not prevent weight loss but reduced the disease activity index and preserved normal intestinal function by alleviating diarrhea and altered gastrointestinal transit. SDF preserved the length of the colon and histological damage caused by 5-FU. SDF significantly restored the oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and the enlargement and swelling of the spleen induced by 5-FU. In conclusion, SDF may be a promising adjuvant strategy for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Sauruk da Silva
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva Schiebel
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Regis Bueno
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carla da Silveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Isabella Wzorek França Dos Santos
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Everton Dos Santos Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Maria Ferreira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
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Casagrande L, Pastre MJ, Trevizan AR, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA, Garcia JL, Gois MB, de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana D, Nogueira-Melo GDA. Moderate intestinal immunopathology after acute oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is associated with expressive levels of serotonin. Life Sci 2022; 309:120985. [PMID: 36150462 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasion of the intestinal mucosa by T. gondii elicits a local immune response of variable intensity. These reactions can be lethal in C57BL/6 mice. The tissue damage caused by inflammation and the functional effects depend on the host immunity, strain, and developmental form of the parasite. We investigated the effects of acute oral infection with T. gondii on histoarchitecture, enteric nervous system (ENS), and inflammatory markers in the jejunum and ileum of mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group and a group orally infected with 1000 sporulated T. gondii oocysts (ME-49 strain). After 5 days, jejunum and ileum were collected and processed for analyzes (e.g., histological and histopathological examinations, ENS, cytokine dosage, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide activity). MAIN RESULTS In infected mice, we observed a significant increase in serotonin-immunoreactive cells (5-HT IR) in the intestinal mucosa, as well as cellular infiltrates in the lamina propria, periganglionitis, and ganglionitis in the myenteric plexus. We also noted decreased neuron density in the jejunum, increased population of enteric glial cells in the ileum, histomorphometric changes in the intestinal wall, villi, and epithelial cells, remodeling of collagen fibers, and increased myeloperoxidase activity, cytokines, and nitric oxide in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Acute infection of female mice with T. gondii oocysts resulted in changes in ENS and a marked increase in 5-HT. These changes are consistent with its modulatory role in the development of moderate acute inflammation. The use of this experimental model may lend itself to studies aimed at understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in humans involving ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Casagrande
- Biosciences and Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria José Pastre
- Biosciences and Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Trevizan
- Biosciences and Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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