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Tatsumi Y, Miyamoto Y, Asayama K, Satoh M, Miyamatsu N, Ohno Y, Ikei H, Ohkubo T. Characteristics and Risk of Diabetes in People With Rare Glucose Response Curve During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e975-e982. [PMID: 38038623 PMCID: PMC10876410 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Existing differences in persons with lower 30- or 60-minute plasma glucose (PG) levels during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than fasting PG remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To clarify the characteristics of persons whose PG levels decrease after glucose administration during OGTT and their risk of incidence of diabetes in a Japanese general population. METHODS In this cohort study, a total of 3995 men and 3500 women (mean age 56.7 years) without diabetes were classified into 3 groups: (1) PG at both 30 and 60 minutes ≥ fasting PG; (2) PG at 30 minutes ≥ fasting PG and PG at 60 minutes < fasting PG; (3) PG at 30 minutes < fasting PG. The characteristics and the risk of diabetes onset were analyzed using ordered logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively. RESULTS Among 7495 participants, the numbers of individuals in the group 1, 2, and 3 were 6552, 769, and 174, respectively. The glucose response curve of the group 3 was boat shaped. Group 3 had the youngest age, lowest percentage of men, and best health condition, followed by groups 2 and 1. Among 3897 participants analyzed prospectively, 434 developed diabetes during the mean follow-up period of 5.8 years. The hazard ratio for diabetes onset in the group 2 was 0.30 with reference to the group 1. No-one in group 3 developed diabetes. CONCLUSION People with lower 30-minute PG than fasting PG tended to be women, young, healthy, and at low risk of diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Tatsumi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kei Asayama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Michihiro Satoh
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Ikei
- Department of Health Checkup, Saku Central Hospital, Saku 384-0301, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, Parveen A. Research-based Analytical Procedures to Evaluate Diabetic Biomarkers and Related Parameters: In Vitro and In Vivo Methods. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222417. [PMID: 37867271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998252495231011182012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degenerative tendency of diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications due to abnormal levels of biochemicals, particularly in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes is supposed to be treated by reducing blood glucose levels, scavenging free radicals, and maintaining other relevant parameters close to normal ranges. In preclinical studies, numerous in vivo trials on animals as well as in vitro tests are used to assess the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the test substances. Since a substance that performs poorly in vitro won't perform better in vivo, the outcomes of in vitro studies can be utilized as a direct indicator of in vivo activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to provide research scholars with a comprehensive overview of laboratory methods and procedures for a few selected diabetic biomarkers and related parameters. METHOD The search was conducted on scientific database portals such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, BASE, DOAJ, etc. Conclusion: The development of new biomarkers is greatly facilitated by modern technology such as cell culture research, lipidomics study, microRNA biomarkers, machine learning techniques, and improved electron microscopies. These biomarkers do, however, have some usage restrictions. There is a critical need to find more accurate and sensitive biomarkers. With a few modifications, these biomarkers can be used with or even replace conventional markers of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh 246701, India
| | - Aashna Parveen
- Faculty of Applied Science, Bhagwant Global University, Kotdwar, Uttarakhand 246149, India
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Wasfi A, Al Hamarna A, Al Shehhi OMH, Al Ameri HFM, Awwad F. Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor Simulations for the Detection of Sugar Molecules: Semi-Empirical Modeling. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3010. [PMID: 36991722 PMCID: PMC10051405 DOI: 10.3390/s23063010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has remarkable characteristics that make it a potential candidate for optoelectronics and electronics applications. Graphene is a sensitive material that reacts to any physical variation in its environment. Due to its extremely low intrinsic electrical noise, graphene can detect even a single molecule in its proximity. This feature makes graphene a potential candidate for identifying a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. Graphene and its derivatives are considered one of the best materials to detect sugar molecules due to their electronic properties. Graphene has low intrinsic noise, making it an ideal membrane for detecting low concentrations of sugar molecules. In this work, a graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (GNR-FET) is designed and utilized to identify sugar molecules such as fructose, xylose, and glucose. The variation in the current of the GNR-FET in the presence of each of the sugar molecules is utilized as the detection signal. The designed GNR-FET shows a clear change in the device density of states, transmission spectrum, and current in the presence of each of the sugar molecules. The simulated sensor is made of a pair of metallic zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) joint via a channel of armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) and a gate. The Quantumwise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK) is used to design and conduct the nanoscale simulations of the GNR-FET. Semi-empirical modeling, along with non-equilibrium Green's functional theory (SE + NEGF), is used to develop and study the designed sensor. This article suggests that the designed GNR transistor has the potential to identify each of the sugar molecules in real time with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Wasfi
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Al Hamarna
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Mohammed Hasani Al Shehhi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazza Fahad Muhsen Al Ameri
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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An extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) type non-enzymatic glucose sensor with inkjet-printed copper oxide nanoparticles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We develop a disposable and cost-effective non-enzymatic glucose sensor consisting of an extended gate field effect transistor (EG-FET) to obtain effortless operation. The sensor is fabricated by printing, gold (Au) precursor ink and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) inks using a commercial inkjet printer on a flexible Polyimide (PI) substrate. First, sensing properties are tested electrochemically. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 728.5 μA cm−2 mM−1 and a detection limit of 0.01 mM with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998. The observed linear dynamic range is from 0.5 to 7 mM. After that, the sensing electrode is adapted to the EG-FET. Two linear response ranges extend from 0.1 to 4 mM of a low concentration range of glucose with a sensitivity of 1295 μA cm−2 mM−1, and from 5 to 30 mM of a high concentration range of glucose with a sensitivity of 164 μA cm−2 mM−1 are observed. The EG-FET approach can enhance the detection sensitivities using amplification for a low concentration glucose range and extending a detection range for high concentration glucose. The presented work demonstrates that simply printed CuO NPs sensors can be used at low cost for disposable wide-range glucose detection devices.
Article Highlights
A non-enzymatic printed glucose sensor using an inkjet printer has been successfully developed.
CuO nanoparticles ink is printed on thin gold electrodes on Polyimide film.
We evaluate the glucose detection of extended-gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) sensors.
The sensitivity is estimated to be 1295 μA cm−2 mM−1.
The EG-FET structure has the merit of a simple operation and cost-effective personal health care devices.
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Awany D, Allali I, Chimusa ER. Dissecting genome-wide studies for microbiome-related metabolic diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R73-R80. [PMID: 32478833 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the meteoric rise in genome-wide association studies for metabolic diseases (MetD) over the last few years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases is still far from complete. Recent developments have established that MetD arises from complex interactions between host genetics, the gut microbiome and the environment. However, our knowledge of the genetic and microbiome components involved and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. Here, we review and summarize recent studies investigating the genetic and microbiome basis of MetD. Then, given the critical importance of study-individual's ancestry in these studies, we leverage 4932 whole-genome sequence samples from 18 worldwide ethnic groups to examine genetic diversity in currently reported variants associated with MetD. The analyses show marked differences in gene-specific proportion of pathogenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene-specific SNPs MAFs across ethnic groups, highlighting the importance of population- and ethnic-specific investigations in pinpointing the causative factors for MetD. We conclude with a discussion of research areas where further investigation on interactions between host genetics, microbiome and the environment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Awany
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Imane Allali
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Agdal Rabat, B.P, 8007 N.U, Morocco
| | - Emile R Chimusa
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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Arslanian SA, El Ghormli L, Kim JY, Tjaden AH, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Hannon TS, Mather KJ, Nadeau KJ, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE. OGTT Glucose Response Curves, Insulin Sensitivity, and β-Cell Function in RISE: Comparison Between Youth and Adults at Randomization and in Response to Interventions to Preserve β-Cell Function. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:817-825. [PMID: 33436401 PMCID: PMC7896250 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the glucose response curves (biphasic [BPh], monophasic [MPh], incessant increase [IIn]) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their relationship to insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell function (βCF) in youth versus adults with impaired glucose tolerance or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis was both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal evaluation of participants in the RISE study randomized to metformin alone for 12 months or glargine for 3 months followed by metformin for 9 months. At baseline/randomization, OGTTs (85 youth, 353 adults) were categorized as BPh, MPh, or IIn. The relationship of the glucose response curves to hyperglycemic clamp-measured IS and βCF at baseline and the change in glucose response curves 12 months after randomization were assessed.RESULTSAt randomization, the prevalence of the BPh curve was significantly higher in youth than adults (18.8% vs. 8.2%), with no differences in MPh or IIn. IS did not differ across glucose response curves in youth or adults. However, irrespective of curve type, youth had lower IS than adults (P < 0.05). βCF was lowest in IIn versus MPh and BPh in youth and adults (P < 0.05), yet compared with adults, youth had higher βCF in BPh and MPh (P < 0.005) but not IIn. At month 12, the change in glucose response curves did not differ between youth and adults, and there was no treatment effect.CONCLUSIONSDespite a twofold higher prevalence of the more favorable BPh curve in youth at randomization, RISE interventions did not result in beneficial changes in glucose response curves in youth compared with adults. Moreover, the typical β-cell hypersecretion in youth was not present in the IIn curve, emphasizing the severity of β-cell dysfunction in youth with this least favorable glucose response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva A Arslanian
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laure El Ghormli
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center (RISE Coordinating Center), Rockville, MD
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Ashley H Tjaden
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center (RISE Coordinating Center), Rockville, MD
| | | | | | | | - Kieren J Mather
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO
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Arslanian SA, El Ghormli L, Kim JY, Tjaden AH, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Hannon TS, Mather KJ, Nadeau KJ, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE. OGTT Glucose Response Curves, Insulin Sensitivity, and β-Cell Function in RISE: Comparison Between Youth and Adults at Randomization and in Response to Interventions to Preserve β-Cell Function. Diabetes Care 2021. [PMID: 33436401 DOI: 10.2337/dc20‐2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the glucose response curves (biphasic [BPh], monophasic [MPh], incessant increase [IIn]) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their relationship to insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell function (βCF) in youth versus adults with impaired glucose tolerance or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis was both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal evaluation of participants in the RISE study randomized to metformin alone for 12 months or glargine for 3 months followed by metformin for 9 months. At baseline/randomization, OGTTs (85 youth, 353 adults) were categorized as BPh, MPh, or IIn. The relationship of the glucose response curves to hyperglycemic clamp-measured IS and βCF at baseline and the change in glucose response curves 12 months after randomization were assessed.RESULTSAt randomization, the prevalence of the BPh curve was significantly higher in youth than adults (18.8% vs. 8.2%), with no differences in MPh or IIn. IS did not differ across glucose response curves in youth or adults. However, irrespective of curve type, youth had lower IS than adults (P < 0.05). βCF was lowest in IIn versus MPh and BPh in youth and adults (P < 0.05), yet compared with adults, youth had higher βCF in BPh and MPh (P < 0.005) but not IIn. At month 12, the change in glucose response curves did not differ between youth and adults, and there was no treatment effect.CONCLUSIONSDespite a twofold higher prevalence of the more favorable BPh curve in youth at randomization, RISE interventions did not result in beneficial changes in glucose response curves in youth compared with adults. Moreover, the typical β-cell hypersecretion in youth was not present in the IIn curve, emphasizing the severity of β-cell dysfunction in youth with this least favorable glucose response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva A Arslanian
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laure El Ghormli
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center (RISE Coordinating Center), Rockville, MD
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Ashley H Tjaden
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center (RISE Coordinating Center), Rockville, MD
| | | | | | | | - Kieren J Mather
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO
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