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Ulatowski F, Hamankiewicz P, Jurczak J. Enantioselective Liquid-Solid Extraction (ELSE)--An Unexplored, Fast, and Precise Analytical Method. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:488-92. [PMID: 26263300 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of evaluating the enantioselectivity of chiral receptors is investigated. It involves extraction of an ionic guest in racemic form from an ion-exchange resin to the organic solvent, where it is bound by a chiral receptor. The enantioselectivity of the examined receptor is determined simply by measuring the enantiomeric excess of the extracted guest. We show that the concept is viable for neutral receptors binding chiral organic anions extracted into acetonitile. This method was determined to be more accurate and far less time-consuming than the classical titrations. Multiple racemic guests can be applied to a resin in a single experiment, giving the method a very high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ulatowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Hamankiewicz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Kim H, Jin YJ, Kim BSI, Aoki T, Kwak G. Optically Active Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles from Chiral Solvent Annealing and Nanoprecipitation. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Major in Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702−701, Korea
- Daegu Technopark Nano Convergence Practical Application Center, 891−5 Daecheon-dong, Dalseo-ku, Daegu 704−801, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Jin
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Major in Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702−701, Korea
| | - Beomsu Shin-Il Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Major in Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702−701, Korea
| | - Toshiki Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Giseop Kwak
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Major in Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702−701, Korea
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3
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Special Applications. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9780471980582.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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He X, Lin R, He H, Sun M, Xiao D. Chiral Separation of Ketoprofen on a Chirobiotic T Column and Its Chiral Recognition Mechanisms. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Budnikov GK, Evtyugin GA, Budnikova YG, Al’fonsov VA. Chemically modified electrodes with amperometric response in enantioselective analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934808010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Hashim NH, Shafie S, Khan SJ. Enantiomeric fraction as an indicator of pharmaceutical biotransformation during wastewater treatment and in the environment--a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1349-1370. [PMID: 21121459 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003728022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective analysis of some pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment has the potential to reveal significant insights regarding the effectiveness of biotransformation processes. Furthermore, enantioselective analysis of chiral pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment may provide a useful historical record revealing the dominant source of (treated or untreated) wastewater contamination. This review of the recent scientific literature has identified only a handful of studies that have directly investigated these promising applications. However, a range of enantioselective analytical techniques are likely to be adaptable from those which have been developed within the pharmaceutical industry. These include direct enantioseparations of enantiomers on chiral stationary phases as well as indirect separations by achiral stationary phases after chiral derivatization to form pairs of physically distinguishable diastereomers. Further investigations of the patterns of enantiomeric fractionation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and environmental samples will provide an increasingly solid understanding of the relationship between biotransformation processes and the often overlooked parameter of enantiomeric fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Hashim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Pharmacologically active compounds in the environment and their chirality. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4466-503. [PMID: 20852776 DOI: 10.1039/c000408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active compounds including both legally used pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are potent environmental contaminants. Extensive research has been undertaken over the recent years to understand their environmental fate and toxicity. The one very important phenomenon that has been overlooked by environmental researchers studying the fate of pharmacologically active compounds in the environment is their chirality. Chiral drugs can exist in the form of enantiomers, which have similar physicochemical properties but differ in their biological properties such as distribution, metabolism and excretion, as these processes (due to stereospecific interactions of enantiomers with biological systems) usually favour one enantiomer over the other. Additionally, due to different pharmacological activity, enantiomers of chiral drugs can differ in toxicity. Furthermore, degradation of chiral drugs during wastewater treatment and in the environment can be stereoselective and can lead to chiral products of varied toxicity. The distribution of different enantiomers of the same chiral drug in the aquatic environment and biota can also be stereoselective. Biological processes can lead to stereoselective enrichment or depletion of the enantiomeric composition of chiral drugs. As a result the very same drug might reveal different activity and toxicity and this will depend on its origin and exposure to several factors governing its fate in the environment. In this critical review a discussion of the importance of chirality of pharmacologically active compounds in the environmental context is undertaken and suggestions for directions in further research are made. Several groups of chiral drugs of major environmental relevance are discussed and their pharmacological action and disposition in the body is also outlined as it is a key factor in developing a full understanding of their environmental occurrence, fate and toxicity. This review will be of interest to environmental scientists, especially those interested in issues associated with environmental contamination with pharmacologically active compounds and chiral pollutants. As the review will outline current state of knowledge on chiral drugs, it will be of value to anyone interested in the phenomenon of chirality, chiral drugs, their stereoselective disposition in the body and environmental fate (212 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- University of Huddersfield, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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8
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Zhang C, Huang WX, Chen Z, Rustum AM. Separation of chiral primary amino compounds by forming a sandwiched complex in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4965-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Li L, Zhou S, Jin L, Zhang C, Liu W. Enantiomeric separation of organophosphorus pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and their applications to environmental fate and toxicity assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1264-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Ochiai B, Ito S, Endo T. Chiral interaction between aromatic aldehydes and a polymer bearing large chiral rings obtained by cyclopolymerization of bisacrylamide. Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2009.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Qi L, Yang G. Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis with zinc(II)-L
-phenylalaninamide complex. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3209-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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A novel strategy for rapid real-time chiral discrimination of enantiomers using serum albumin functionalized QCM biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:488-92. [PMID: 19647989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel and effective method has been developed for chiral discrimination using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor with self-assembled bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA). The successfully constructed QCM chiral biosensors exhibited rapid and real-time enantioselective recognition. The QCM chiral discrimination factor (alpha(QCM)) can be calculated through resonance frequency shifts in response to five pairs of enantiomers. Moreover, the interactions between these ten enantiomers and two serum albumins (SA) were investigated in detail by means of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence (FL) spectra. The results indicated that the discrimination ability were quite different between BSA and HSA. R,S-1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (R,S-3-MPEA) and R,S-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (R,S-4-MPEA) can be easily differentiated by the BSA sensor, while the selectivity of the HSA sensor for R,S-tetrahydronaphthylamine (R,S-TNA), R,S-2-octanol (R,S-2-OT) and R,S-methyl lactate (R,S-MEL) was higher than that of the BSA sensor. The UV and FL spectra indicated the formation of a complex between SA and enantiomers and strong fluorescence quenching through static quenching mechanism. The in-depth study demonstrated that the calculated UV/FL discrimination factors (alpha(UV) and alpha(FL)) were consistent with the QCM experimental results (alpha(QCM)).
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Fuchs SA, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, de Barse MMJ, Roeleveld MW, Hendriks M, Dorland L, Klomp LWJ, Berger R, de Koning TJ. Two mass-spectrometric techniques for quantifying serine enantiomers and glycine in cerebrospinal fluid: potential confounders and age-dependent ranges. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1443-50. [PMID: 18606633 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent discovery and specific functions of D-amino acids in humans are bound to lead to the revelation of D-amino acid abnormalities in human disorders. Therefore, high-throughput analysis techniques are warranted to determine D-amino acids in biological fluids in a routine laboratory setting. METHODS We developed 2 chromatographic techniques, a nonchiral derivatization with chiral (chirasil-L-val column) separation in a GC-MS system and a chiral derivatization with Marfey's reagent and LC- MS analysis. We validated the techniques for D-serine, L-serine, and glycine determination in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), evaluated several confounders, and determined age-dependent human concentration ranges. RESULTS Quantification limits for D-serine, L-serine, and glycine in cerebrospinal fluid were 0.14, 0.44, and 0.14 micromol/L, respectively, for GC-MS and 0.20, 0.41, and 0.14 micromol/L for LC-MS. Within-run imprecision was <3% for both methods, and between-run imprecision was <13%. Comparison of both techniques with Deming regression yielded coefficients of 0.90 (D-serine), 0.92 (L-serine), and 0.96 (glycine). Sample collection, handling, and transport is uncomplicated-there is no rostrocaudal CSF gradient, no effect of storage at 4 degrees C for 1 week before storage at -80 degrees C, and no effect of up to 3 freeze/thaw cycles. Conversely, contamination with erythrocytes increased D-serine, L-serine, and glycine concentrations. CSF concentrations for 145 apparently healthy controls demonstrated markedly and specifically increased (5 to 9 times) D-serine concentrations during early central nervous system development. CONCLUSIONS These 2 clinically applicable analysis techniques will help to unravel pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic issues for disorders associated with central nervous system abnormalities, NMDA-receptor dysfunction, and other pathology associated with D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Nguyen T, Joshi NS, Francis MB. An Affinity-Based Method for the Purification of Fluorescently-Labeled Biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:869-72. [PMID: 16848391 DOI: 10.1021/bc060130i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the difficulty of separating mixtures of labeled and unlabeled biomolecules, a general new method for the affinity purification of modified proteins has been developed. A Sepharose-based solid support bearing beta-cyclodextrin groups was used to capture chromophore-modified proteins selectively, while unmodified proteins remained in solution. After isolation of the resin, the modified proteins were released by treating the sample with a competitive cyclodextrin binder, such as adamantane carboxylic acid. This procedure was demonstrated for several dyes displaying a wide range of spectral characteristics and diverse chemical structures. Preliminary studies have shown that this method can also be used to enrich modified peptide fragments present in proteolytic digests. This technique is anticipated to accelerate the development of new protein modification reactions and could provide a useful tool for proteomics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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15
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Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Chiral Supramolecular Receptors for Enantioselective Sensing. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Nakagawa H, Kitagawa S, Ohtani H. Effect of the Net Surface Charge Density of Heptakis-6-bromo-6-deoxy-.BETA.-cyclodextrin Bonded Silica Gels on the Retention Behaviors of Neutral Cresol Isomers in HPLC. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:737-42. [PMID: 16770054 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the surface charge density of heptakis-6-bromo-6-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD-BR) bonded silica gels, which was used as the stationary phase of a packed capillary column for HPLC, was investigated concerning the retention behaviors of neutral cresol isomers. On the whole, the retention factors of the cresol isomers increased with an increase in the pH values of the mobile phase, although they were slightly smaller at pH 6.1 than at pH 4.7. An investigation on the retention variation using a van't Hoff plot revealed that the increase in the retention factor (k) at a higher pH region could be mainly attributed to the increase in DeltaS, while a partial decrease in k around pH 5 - 6 was caused by a decrease in the -DeltaH/T value. On the other hand, a measurement of the electroosmotic flow velocity under various pH of the mobile phase solutions revealed that the retention variations of the neutral cresol isomers were strongly correlated with the surface charge on the packing materials. The positive charge of secondary ammonium functional groups to bind beta-CD-BR inhibit the insertion of the cresol isomers into the cavity of beta-CD-BR while reducing the retention factor, whereas the negative charge of silanol group enhanced it through a local change in the mobile phase composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Japan
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17
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Kafková B, Bosáková Z, Tesarová E, Coufal P. Chiral separation of beta-adrenergic antagonists, profen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chlorophenoxypropionic acid herbicides using teicoplanin as the chiral selector in capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1088:82-93. [PMID: 16130735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of structurally diverse chiral compounds were used to study the interaction mechanism responsible for stereoselective recognition with teicoplanin as chiral selector in capillary liquid chromatography. Teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) was used. The effect of the variation of mobile phase composition on retention and enantioselective separation was studied. The mobile phase composition suitable for enantioresolution of the various chiral compounds differed according to the interaction forces needed for chiral recognition. Mobile phases with high buffer portion (70-90 vol.%) were preferred for separation of enantiomers of profen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chlorophenoxypropionic acid herbicides that require hydrophobic interactions, inclusion and pi-pi interactions for stereoselective recognition with teicoplanin. Higher concentration triethylamine in the buffer (0.5-1.0%) increased resolution of these acids. On the other hand, H-bonding and electrostatic interactions are important in stereoselective interaction mechanism of beta-adrenergic antagonists with teicoplanin. These interaction types predominate in the reversed phase separation mode with high organic modifier content (95% methanol) and in polar organic mobile phases. For this reason beta-adrenergic antagonists were best enantioresolved in the polar organic mode. The mobile phase composed of methanol/acetic acid/triethylamine, 100/0.01/0.01 (v/v/v), provided enantioresolution values of all the studied beta-adrenergic antagonists in the range 1.1-1.9. Addition of teicoplanin to the mobile phase, which was suitable for enantioseparation of certain compounds on the CSP, was also investigated. This system was used to dispose of nonstereoselective interactions of analytes with silica gel support that often participate in the interaction with CSPs. Very low concentration of teicoplanin in the mobile phase (0.1 mM) resulted in enantioselective separation of 2,2- and 2,4-chlorophenoxypropionic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kafková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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18
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Gong XY, Kubán P, Tanyanyiwa J, Hauser PC. Separation of enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1082:230-4. [PMID: 16035366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contactless conductivity detection is successfully demonstrated for the enantiomeric separation of basic drugs and amino acids in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Derivatization of the compounds or the addition of a visualization agent as for indirect optical detection schemes were not needed. Non-charged chiral selectors were employed, hydroxypropylated cyclodextrin (CD) for the more lipophilic basic drugs and 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4) for the amino acids. Acidic buffer solutions based on lactic or citric acid were used. The detection limits were determined as 0.3 microM for pseudoephedrine as an example of a basic drug and were in the range from 2.5 to 20 microM for the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4004 Basel, Switzerland
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Czerwenka C, Lindner W. Stereoselective peptide analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:599-638. [PMID: 15856198 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of a peptide determines its spatial features and can profoundly influence its chemical properties and biological activity. Thus, the analysis of the stereochemical properties of a peptide is an important aspect of its characterisation. For such investigations a "selector" that engages in stereoselective interactions with the peptide analytes is often used. A substantiated knowledge of the underlying molecular recognition mechanism will therefore be helpful in understanding existing and developing new stereoselective analysis systems. After a short introduction concerning the fundamentals of peptide stereoisomers and their biological implications, the stereoselective peptide analysis methods described in the literature are comprehensively reviewed. The characteristics and applications of the employed methods based on various techniques including chromatography (pressure- and electrokinetically driven), capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are discussed. The various selectors that have been utilised to discriminate peptide enantiomers and/or diastereomers are described concurrently. The review concludes with an overview of combinations and comparisons of techniques that have been applied to the analysis of peptide stereoisomers and constitute a trend for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Czerwenka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Nakajima H, Kawata K, Shen H, Nakagama T, Uchiyama K. Chiral Separation of NBD-Amino Acids by Ligand-Exchange Micro-Channel Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:67-71. [PMID: 15675519 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation of amino acid derivatives by ligand-exchange electrophoresis in a microchannel chip was performed for the first time. A Cu(II) complex with L-prolinamide was used as a chiral selector. The migration behaviors of eleven NBD-DL-amino acids were investigated by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis (LE-CE). The enantiomer of five NBD-amino acids (Ser, Thr, Val, Phe and His) could be separated by LE-CE using a 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10 mM copper acetate, 20 mM L-prolinamide and 1 mM SDS. NBD-His was eluted in the order D-form and L-form, while the elution order of another enantiomers was L-form and D-form. Under this condition, the enantioseparation of these five NBD-amino acids by ligand-exchange microchip electrophoresis (LE-ME) was investigated using a glass microchip. The enantioseparation of NBD-Ser, -Thr and -His could be successfully accomplished by LE-ME. LE-ME was superior to LE-CE in terms of the short migration time and a good enantiomeric separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Abstract
D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is an endogenous amino acid present in nervous and endocrine tissues in mammals. A high concentration of D-Asp is observed in embryos, which disappears in nervous tissues after delivery, but increases temporarily in endocrine glands, particularly in the pituitary, pineal and adrenal glands at the specific stages. In the pineal gland, D-Asp that is apparently derived from other tissues suppresses melatonin secretion from parenchymal cells. Additionally, D-Asp levels increase in the testis just before birth and during maturation. The amino acid is presumed to be synthesized by the pituitary gland and testis. In the testis, D-Asp produced inside the seminiferous tubules acts on Leydig cells following release to enhance testosterone synthesis by activating the expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein. Mammalian cells appear to contain all the molecular components required to regulate D-Asp homeostasis, as they can synthesize, release, take up, and degrade the amino acid. These findings collectively indicate that D-Asp is a novel type of messenger in the mammalian body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemitsu Furuchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pihlainen K, Kostiainen R. Effect of the eluent on enantiomer separation of controlled drugs by liquid chromatography–ultraviolet absorbance detection–electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry using vancomycin and native β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033:91-9. [PMID: 15072293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of nine amphetamine derivatives, methorphan and propoxyphene was studied by comparing two different chiral stationary phases, macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin and native beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). Effects of 46 eluent compositions on enantioseparation in reversed-phase (RP) and polar organic phase modes were investigated. beta-CD was found to be more suitable to phenethylamines in general and vancomycin for methorphan and propoxyphene. An eluent system capable of separating the enantiomers of all phenethylamines in one run was developed. Also, systems providing competitive analysis times for enantioseparation of methorphan and propoxyphene were reported. The suitability of the eluent systems to electrospray ionisation (ESI) was discussed and methods using a tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection were developed. The suitability of chiral LC-ESI-MS/MS was tested with 14 seized drug samples. The results were in agreement with conventional non-chiral methods. Repeatability of the methods was good and limits of detection were 25-100 ng/ml for most compounds using mass spectrometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pihlainen
- National Bureau of Investigation, Crime Laboratory, P.O. Box 285, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland
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Lai XH, Bai ZW, Ng SC, Ching CB. Preparation and enantioseparation characteristics of two chiral stationary phases based on mono(6A-azido-6A-deoxy)-perphenylcarbamoylated ?- and ?-cyclodextrin. Chirality 2004; 16:592-7. [PMID: 15390089 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two chiral stationary phases, ph-alpha-CD and ph-gamma-CD, were prepared from mono(6(A)-azido-6(A)-deoxy)perphenylcarbamoylated alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrin immobilized onto silica gel via the Staudinger reaction. The chromatographic characteristics of these two chiral stationary phases were evaluated. The influence of different cyclodextrins (CDs) on the enantioselectivities was also investigated in this study. Compared to ph-gamma-CD, ph-alpha-CD exhibited quite good enantioselectivity toward the analytes with bulky molecular structures. It was found that the formation of inclusion complex might play a quite important role in the chiral recognition not only under reverse phases but also under normal phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Misl'anová C, Hutta M. Role of biological matrices during the analysis of chiral drugs by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:91-109. [PMID: 14630145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review article covers advances of chiral drugs analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods achieved during last 10 years. Emphasis is given to various aspects of influence of biological matrix in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, HPLC analysis. Discussed is composition of main biological matrices from the point of view of potential interferences to above-mentioned fields of study. Beside typical analytical approaches to chiral recognition in HPLC, sample pretreatment and/or clean-up by conventional extraction procedures, column switching (CSW) techniques using restricted access materials (RAMs), microdialysis (MCD) is discussed. Measurement of unbound drug concentration and discussion of column maintenance and remedy is an additional source of information and field where knowledge on complex properties and interactions of biological matrix is usefully applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Misl'anová
- Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, SK-833 01 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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25
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Evans CE, Stalcup AM. Comprehensive strategy for chiral separations using sulfated cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis. Chirality 2003; 15:709-23. [PMID: 12923809 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the emerging role of sulfated cyclodextrins in the capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation of chiral analytes. Since being introduced as enantioselective agents for CE in 1995, these anionic additives have continued to demonstrate remarkable application universality. The broad spectrum of chiral compounds successfully separated using this approach includes acidic, basic, neutral, and zwitterionic species. This impressive array of analyte structures is derived from a growing diversity of compound classes including pharmaceuticals, plant extracts, biomarkers, herbicides, alkaloids, fungicides, and metal ions. Moreover, literature reports highlight the minimal optimization required to achieve a successful separation. Based on these findings, sulfated cyclodextrins appear to be well suited for the development of a more universal, comprehensive separation strategy for chiral compounds. This review explores this proposition by beginning with the structure and migration properties of sulfated cyclodextrins, using applications to highlight the separating power of this technique and ending with a pragmatic, comprehensive separation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
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26
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Blanco M, Valverde I. Choice of chiral selector for enantioseparation by capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(03)00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Resolution of N-acyl-1-naphthylalkylamide on amide and sulfonamide-derived π-acidic chiral stationary phases. Microchem J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(03)00030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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29
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Hamase K, Morikawa A, Zaitsu K. D-Amino acids in mammals and their diagnostic value. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:73-91. [PMID: 12450654 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial amounts of D-amino acids are present in mammalian tissues; their function, origin and relationship between pathophysiological processes have been of great interest over the last two decades. In the present article, analytical methods including chromatographic, electrophoretic and enzymatic methods to determine D-amino acids in mammalian tissues are reviewed, and the distribution of these D-amino acids in mammals is discussed. An overview of the function, origin and relationship between the amino acids and pathophysiological processes is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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30
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Synthesis and rapid enantiomeric separation of the chiral mixed ligand [5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine]-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(II) complex by electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Desiderio C, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Raggi MA, Fanali S. Use of vancomycin silica stationary phase in packed capillary electrochromatography. Part IV: Enantiomer separation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine employing UV high sensitivity detection cell. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021101)25:15/17<1291::aid-jssc1291>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Lee S, Jung S. 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis on the chiral discrimination of N-acetylphenylalanine, catechin and propranolol induced by cyclic-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucans (cyclosophoraoses). Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:1785-9. [PMID: 12423959 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosophoraoses (cyclic-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucans) produced by Rhizobium meliloti were used as a novel chiral NMR solvating agent. 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis as an enantiodiscriminating tool was carried out where NMR signal splittings were observed on the interactions of cyclosophoraoses with the enantiomers of N-acetylphenylalanine, catechin and propranolol. The 13C chemical shifts of cyclosophoraoses induced by the enantiomeric interactions predominantly occurred at the C-1 and C-2 carbons associated with the -glycosidic linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoo Lee
- Department of Microbial Engineering and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong 1, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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33
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Breitinger HG. Synthesis of silica-bound amylose by phosphorolytic elongation of immobilised maltoheptaosyl hydrazides. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Lee SB, Mitchell DT, Trofin L, Nevanen TK, Söderlund H, Martin CR. Antibody-based bio-nanotube membranes for enantiomeric drug separations. Science 2002; 296:2198-200. [PMID: 12077410 DOI: 10.1126/science.1071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bio-nanotube membranes were developed and used to separate two enantiomers of a chiral drug. These membranes are based on alumina films that have cylindrical pores with monodisperse nanoscopic diameters (for example, 20 nanometers). Silica nanotubes were chemically synthesized within the pores of these films, and an antibody that selectively binds one of the enantiomers of the drug was attached to the inner walls of the silica nanotubes. These membranes selectively transport the enantiomer that specifically binds to the antibody, relative to the enantiomer that has lower affinity for the antibody. The solvent dimethyl sulfoxide was used to tune the antibody binding affinity. The enantiomeric selectivity coefficient increases as the inside diameter of the silica nanotubes decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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35
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Richardson SD. Environmental mass spectrometry: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2719-41. [PMID: 12090660 DOI: 10.1021/ac020211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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36
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37
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Chiral Discrimination of Camphorquinone Enantiomers by Cyclodextrins: A Spectroscopic and Photophysical Study. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Cherkaoui S, Veuthey JL. Use of negatively charged cyclodextrins for the simultaneous enantioseparation of selected anesthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:615-26. [PMID: 11755762 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous enantioseparation of selected anesthetic drugs was studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in presence of three different negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs). Among the chiral selectors tested, namely carboxymethyl, sulfobutyl ether and sulfated-beta-CD, the latter appeared to be the most effective to achieve the enantiomeric resolution of the investigated compounds. Beside CD type, resolution was greatly influenced by the buffer pH, the molecular structure of the anesthetic compounds, CD concentration and temperature. The optimum electrophoretic conditions for the stereoselective analysis of the studied anesthetics were obtained with a poly(vinyl alcohol) coated capillary (48.5 cm total length x 50 microm I.D.), a 50 mM Tris-phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 6 mg ml(-1) of sulfated-beta-CD, an applied voltage of 30 kV and a temperature of 30 degrees C. Under these optimized conditions, four drugs, namely bupivacaine, mepivacaine, ketamine and prilocaine, were simultaneously enantioresolved in less than 12 min. Furthermore, the method was applied to the stereoselective analysis of mepivacaine in a pharmaceutical preparation. Finally, the method was on-line coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using the counter current partial-filling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Cherkaoui
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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39
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Driffield M, Bergström ET, Goodall DM, Klute AS, Smith DK. High-performance liquid chromatography applications of optical rotation detection with compensation for scattering and absorbance at the laser wavelength. J Chromatogr A 2001; 939:41-8. [PMID: 11806544 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of instrumentation developed to enable simultaneous monitoring of optical rotation (OR) and transmittance allows OR measurements to be made in the presence of high levels of absorbance, scattering or other effects that change the intensity of the plane-polarised light at the photodiode detector. This extends the application of OR detection to areas where it was previously difficult. Examples of the application of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the improved OR detector include (i) the analytical scale separation of fructose and sucrose and (ii) the semi-preparative separation of enantiomers of warfarin and Trögers base. A signal-to-noise improvement of up to 150% is found when comparing signals with and without correction for transmittance changes. The improved OR detector has been used in series with a UV detector and the system shown to be suitable for on-line measurement of peak purity in separations using a chiral column under overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Driffield
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK
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40
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Abstract
The article gives a comprehensive review on the recent developments in the applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, including zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation and physicochemical characterization of peptides. The article presents new approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides, and covers the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as strategy and rules for the rational selection of separation mode and experimental conditions, sample treatment, suppression of peptide adsorption to the inner capillary wall, new developments in individual separation modes and new designs of detection systems. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis for determination of purity, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of physical and chemical changes and enzymatic conversions, amino acid and sequence analysis and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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41
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Verdú-Andrés J, Herráez-Hernández R, Campíns-Falcó P. Analysis of enantiomers giving partially overlapped peaks by using different treatments of the chromatographic ultraviolet signals: quantification of pseudoephedrine enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2001; 930:95-107. [PMID: 11681584 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies for the quantification of partially coeluting optical isomers have been investigated. The methods tested are based on the use of different features as the analytical UV signals: peak heights, perpendicular drop areas, first and second derivatives of the chromatograms, peak areas obtained by deconvolution of the overlapped peaks with data fitting optimization, and a multivariate model (principal component regression, PCR). The amphetamine-derivative drug pseudoephedrine was selected as a model compound. For chromatography, LiChrospher 100 RP18 and a mobile-phase consisting of methanol and a solution of carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (the chiral selector) were used. The UV detector was set at 215 nm. The accuracy obtained with the tested methods at different degrees of overlapping and at different concentration ratios between enantiomers was evaluated. The results of this study demonstrated that the best option for quantification of partially overlapped UV peaks of enantiomers and to obtain the enatiomeric excess is the use of a PCR model using peak heights, perpendicular drop peak areas and deconvoluted peak areas as the original variables. The predictive ability of the proposed calibration model is of about 2-8 times better (depending on the overlapping degree) than that achieved with the other models tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verdú-Andrés
- Department de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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42
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Abstract
A review is presented that surveys the basic theory of direct separation of enantiomers by capillary electrophoretic (CE) techniques. These separations are based on the formation of diastereomeric complexes between the enantiomeric analytes and a chiral selector added to the electrolyte solution. The review covers a comprehensive treatment of the equations needed for optimization of selectivity coefficients, resolution and analysis time in the zone electrophoretic mode. In this context, it takes into account combined equilibria of complexation and protonation/deprotonation as well as complexation and paritition into micelles. On the basis of these equations, the benefits of charged selectors and the optimization potential inherent to pH tuning can be documented. In addition, the review deals with some basic aspects of chiral isoelectric focusing and briefly discusses indirect enantioseparation. In a subsequent section a survey is given on particularfeatures of the various types of chiral selectors. Finally, the recent developments in preparative enantioseparation in continuous free-flow system and by use of isoelectric membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Holder E, Schoetz G, Schurig V, Lindner E. Synthesis and enantiomer separation of a modified tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Matsunaga A, Soga T, Hayakawa K. Direct chiral resolution of malic acid in apple juice by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartaric acid as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3286-90. [PMID: 11589292 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3286::aid-elps3286>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of native DL-malic acid was achieved by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartrate as a chiral selector. Factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of malic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of malic acid were found to be 1 mM copper(II) sulfate-1 mM L-tartrate (pH 5.1) with an effective voltage of -20 kV at 30 degrees C, using direct detection at 280 nm, and resolution (Rs) of racemic malic acid was approximately 4. With this system, D- and L-malic acids in apple juice were analyzed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Japan.
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45
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Nevanen TK, Söderholm L, Kukkonen K, Suortti T, Teerinen T, Linder M, Söderlund H, Teeri TT. Efficient enantioselective separation of drug enantiomers by immobilised antibody fragments. J Chromatogr A 2001; 925:89-97. [PMID: 11519820 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for methods for efficient enantioselective separation and purification of chiral drugs. Genetic engineering provides the means for generating recombinant antibodies exhibiting extremely high specificity for even small molecular mass compounds. Here, recombinant antibody fragments have been generated for the drug diarylalkyltriazole that contains two chiral centres. Immobilised antibody fragments has been used successfully for efficient, step-wise separation of two enantiomers of the drug. Owing to the antibody specificity, one enantiomer came out in the flow-through, while the bound enantiomer could be specifically eluted. One of the antibodies tolerated solvents required both for dissolving the target molecules and for their elution for extended times and was shown to function over multiple cycles of the separation process.
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46
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Fadnavis N, Bhaskar V, Deshpande A, Bhalerao U. Determination of enantiomeric excess of dextropropoxyphene and α-(+)-oxyphene by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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