1
|
Watarai H. Continuous separation principles using external microaction forces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:353-78. [PMID: 23772659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, methods for the continuous separation of microparticles with microaction forces have rapidly advanced. Various action forces have been used in designs of both microchannel and capillary continuous separation systems, which depend on properties such as conductivity, permittivity, absorptivity, refractive index, magnetic susceptibility, and compressibility. Particle migration velocity has been used to characterize the particles. Biological cells have been the most interesting targets of these continuous separation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watarai
- Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Suwa M, Watarai H. Magnetoanalysis of micro/nanoparticles: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
4
|
Suwa M, Watarai H. Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement of Single Micro-Particle by Magnetophoretic Velocimetry. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2010. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayori Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Hitoshi Watarai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao Y, Chen L. Versatile control of multiphase laminar flow for in-channel microfabrication. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1695-1699. [PMID: 18813393 DOI: 10.1039/b807468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have improved the multiphase laminar flow based in-channel fabrication method to overcome diffusion-induced broadening. A sheathing phase with protecting molecules confines metal wire deposition and allows for flexible control of the location, width, and uniformity of deposited metal wires. Two-layered T-junctions are introduced to form vertically stacked multiphase laminar flow. Combining these techniques, we fabricate quadrupole silver electrodes on the four sidewalls of rectangular polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels that are 3 cm in length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 136 Clippinger Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suwa M, Oshino Y, Watarai H, Morita H, Kasai A, Šubrt J. Magnetic susceptibility measurement of single iron/cobalt carbonyl microcrystal by atmospheric magnetophoresis. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:024215. [PMID: 27877966 PMCID: PMC5099723 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/2/024215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the use of an innovative atmospheric magnetophoresis, which enables us to measure the mass magnetic susceptibility and mass of a microparticle simultaneously, was demonstrated. Using this technique, we determined the magnetic susceptibility of a crystalline deposit of iron/cobalt carbonyl, mainly composed of Fe2(CO)9, which was prepared photochemically from a gaseous mixture of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) and cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl (Co(CO)3NO). The mass magnetic susceptibility and the characteristic relaxation time of the microcrystal were (7.0±1.9)×10-9 m3 kg-1 and (5.6±2.2)×10-4 s, respectively. The observed magnetic susceptibility shows that the microparticle was paramagnetic. Assuming that the density was equal to that of Fe2(CO)9 (2.1×103 kg m-3) and that the shape of the particle was spherical, a hydrodynamic radius of 4.7 μm and a mass of 0.91 ng were observed. It was suggested that Co was incorporated in Fe2(CO)9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayori Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Oshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Watarai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Anzu Kasai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Jan Šubrt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25086 Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
KITAMURA N. Simultaneous Laser Manipulation and Chemical Analysis of Single Microparticles in Solution. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru KITAMURA
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iiguni Y, Watarai H. New principle of electromagnetophoretic adsorption–desorption microchromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:93-8. [PMID: 15909510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new principle for the chromatographic micro-separation of micrometer-sized particles in liquid has been invented by switching the electromagnetophoretic force in a capillary flow system. The principle is the combination of the Stokes force by the bulk flow and the adsorption-desorption force on a capillary inner surface controlled by an electromagnetophoretic buoyancy generated by an alternative current and a homogenous magnetic field. The observed retention profiles of test micro-particles was explained by the "zigzag" migration model mainly depended on particle size and their adsorption force to the capillary wall. By this method, we could succeed to separate polystyrene particles of 10 microm and 20 microm in diameter dispersed in 1 M KCl solution containing 0.01% Triton X-100 using only 1 mm long fused-silica capillary under 10T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Iiguni
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Z, Chauhan A. DNA separation by EFFF in a microchannel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 285:834-44. [PMID: 15837503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper theoretically explores the application of electric field flow fractionation (EFFF) for the size-based separation of DNA strands in a microchannel. An axial electric field cannot separate DNA strands in solution because the electrical mobility of the strands is independent of the length. However, lateral electric fields coupled with an axial Poiseuille flow can separate the DNA strands of different sizes. By using regular perturbation analysis, we obtain the effective diffusivity and the mean velocity of the DNA molecules that are undergoing a pressure driven Poiseuille flow in a 2D channel in presence of a lateral electric field. The mean velocities and the dispersion coefficients are then utilized to determine the scaling for length of the channel and the time required for separation of DNA molecules in different parameter regimes. The results show that EFFF can separate DNA strands in the range of 10 kbp that differ in size by about 2.5 kbp in about half an hour in a 1 cm long channel. While DNA strands can be separated by EFFF, the performance of devices based on EFFF seems to be at best comparable to other techniques such as entropic trapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Watarai H, Monjushiro H, Tsukahara S, Suwa M, Iiguni Y. Migration Analysis of Micro-Particles in Liquids Using Microscopically Designed External Fields. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:423-34. [PMID: 15068282 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of new migration methods of micro-particles in liquids using various external fields is reviewed. The combination of a laser scattering force and a photothermal effect produced photothermal-conversion laser-photophoresis. A dielectric field generated in a planer or a capillary quadrupole electrode realized dielectrophoresis. Using a micrometer-scaled magnetic field gradient, the "Magnetophoretic velocimetry" of micro-particles was invented. Furthermore, the Lorentz force generated by combining an electric field and a magnetic field was utilized for electromagnetophoresis. These new methods were overlooked and the advantages in analytical use were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watarai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Optical trapping—chemical analysis of single microparticles in solution. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Takahashi T, Ogata S, Nishizawa M, Matsue T. A valveless switch for microparticle sorting with laminar flow streams and electrophoresis perpendicular to the direction of fluid stream. Electrochem commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(03)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Dielectrophoresis of microbioparticles in water with planar and capillary quadrupole electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 150:59-65. [PMID: 16468932 DOI: 10.1049/ip-nbt:20031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis of single microbioparticles was measured in a planar quadrupole microelectrode (50 mum or 65 mum in working area radius) with a microscope. Carbon and polystyrene microparticles, yeast cells and DNA molecules (about 40 kbp) were adopted as a sample. Their dielectrophoretic mobilities were analysed quantitatively with their intrinsic and surface conductivity, their permittivities and their sizes as well as the conductivity and permittivity of aqueous media. Using the dielectrophoretic mobilities obtained with the planar quadrupole microelectrode, some instances of the separation performance between the microparticles were demonstrated with a fabricated capillary quadrupole microelectrode (82.5 mum in bore radius) under the field flow fractionation regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tsukahara
- Osaka University, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ikeda I, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Effects of viability and lectin protein binding on dielectrophoretic behavior of single yeast cells. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:27-31. [PMID: 12558019 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dielectrophoretic (DEP) behavior of individual yeast cells (5-7 microm in diameter) in aqueous media was observed in a fabricated planar quadrupole microelectrode with a working area of 100 microm in diameter by an optical microscope. The yeast cells migrated in the radial direction in the working area. The DEP velocity of the cells increased as they approached the electrode. The DEP trajectory of the cells was analyzed with a theoretical equation derived previously, and the dielectrophoretic mobility was determined. The dielectrophoretic mobility was found to be affected by the viability of cells, the conductivity of the medium, and the binding of lectin protein (concanavalin A) to the cell surface. These DEP behaviors were analyzed based on the permittivities and conductivities of the cell interior and wall, and those of the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suwa M, Watarai H. Magnetophoretic velocimetry of manganese(II) in a single microdroplet in a flow system under a high gradient magnetic field generated with a superconducting magnet. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5027-32. [PMID: 12380826 DOI: 10.1021/ac0203037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experimental system for magnetophoretic velocimetry, which could determine the volume magnetic susceptibility of a single particle dispersed in a liquid phase from a magnetophoretic velocity, has been developed. A micrometer-sized high-gradient magnetic field could be generated in a capillary by a pair of iron pole pieces in a superconducting magnet (10 T). The magnetophoretic behavior of a single particle in a capillary flow system was investigated under the inhomogeneous magnetic field. From the magnetophoretic velocity of a polystyrene latex particle dispersed in a MnCl2 aqueous solution, the product of the magnetic flux density and the gradient, B(dB/dx), was determined as a function of the position along the capillary. The maximum value of B(dB/dx) was 4.7 x 10(4) T2 m(-1), which was approximately 100 times higher than that obtained by two Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets (0.4 T). Organic droplets extracting manganese(II) with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide from MnCl2 solution were used as test samples. The difference of the volume magnetic susceptibility between the droplet and the medium could be determined from the magnetophoretic velocity. This method allowed us to continuously measure a volume magnetic susceptibility of 10-6 level for a picoliter droplet and to determine manganese(II) in the single droplet at the attomole level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayori Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|