1
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Zang X, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Wang T, Wang C, Li G, Xie H, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Shu J, Fan H, Yang X, Jiang L. Aerosol mass spectrometry of neutral species based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16484-16492. [PMID: 35771196 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV-FEL) photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) has been developed for online measurement of neutral compounds in laboratory environments. The aerosol apparatus is mainly composed of a smog chamber and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The indoor smog chamber had a 2 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene film reactor placed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room, which was used to generate the aerosols. The aerosols were sampled via an inlet system consisting of a 100 μm orifice nozzle and aerodynamic lenses. The application of this VUV-FEL AMS to the α-pinene ozonolysis under different concentrations reveals two new compounds, for which the formation mechanisms are proposed. The present findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the α-pinene ozonolysis in the neighborhood of emission origins of α-pinene. The VUV-FEL AMS method has the potential for chemical analysis of neutral aerosol species during the new particle formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shukang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Materials & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibei Village, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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2
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Lu W, Mackie CJ, Xu B, Head-Gordon M, Ahmed M. A Computational and Experimental View of Hydrogen Bonding in Glycerol Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1701-1710. [PMID: 35254809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyol-water clusters provide a template to probe ionization and solvation processes of paramount interest in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry. We generate glycerol water clusters in a continuous supersonic jet expansion and interrogate the neutral species with synchrotron-based tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. A series of glycerol fragments (m/z 44, 61, 62, and 74) clustered with water are observed. A judicious combination of backing pressure, nozzle temperature, and water vapor pressure allows for tuning the mol % of glycerol. The recorded appearance energies of the water cluster series m/z 62 and 74 are similar to that observed in pure glycerol, while the m/z 61 series shows a dependence on cluster composition. Furthermore, this series also tracks the water concentration of the beam. Theoretical calculations on neutral and ionized clusters visualize the hydrogen bond network in these water clusters and provide an assessment of the number of glycerol-glycerol, glycerol-water, and water-water hydrogen bonds in the cluster, as well as their interaction energies. This method of bond counting and interaction energy assessment explains the changes in the mass spectrum as a function of mol % and offers a glimpse of the disruption of the hydrogen bond network in glycerol-water clusters. The calculations also reveal interesting barrierless chemical processes in photoionized glycerol water clusters that are either activated or do not occur without the presence of water. Examples include spontaneous intramolecular proton transfer within glycerol to form a distonic ion, nonactivated breaking of a C-C bond, and spontaneous proton transfer from glycerol to water. These results appear relevant to radiation-induced chemical processing of alcohol-water ices in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cameron J Mackie
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Wingen LM, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Probing surfaces of atmospherically relevant organic particles by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS). Chem Sci 2018; 10:884-897. [PMID: 30774883 PMCID: PMC6346289 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EASI-MS is a promising technique for probing the chemical structures of inhomogeneous airborne organic particles.
Both ambient and laboratory-generated particles can have a surface composition different from the bulk, but there are currently few analytical techniques available to probe these differences. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) was applied to solid, laboratory-generated particles with core–shell morphologies formed from a variety of dicarboxylic acids. The soft ionization facilitated parent peak detection for the two compounds, from which the depth probed could be determined from the relative signal intensities. Two different configurations of a custom-made nebulizer are reported that yield different probe depths. In the “orthogonal mode,” with the nebulizer ∼10 centimeters away from the particle stream and at a 90° angle to the MS inlet, evaporation of the nebulizer droplets forms ions before interaction with the particles. The probe depth for orthogonal mode EASI-MS is shown to be 2–4 nm in these particle systems. In the “droplet mode”, the nebulizer and particle streams are in close proximity to each other and the MS inlet so that the particles interact with charged liquid droplets. This configuration resulted in full dissolution of the particles and gives particle composition similar to that from collection on filters and extraction of the particles (bulk). These studies establish that EASI-MS is a promising technique for probing the chemical structures of inhomogeneous airborne organic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA 92697-2025 , USA . ; Tel: +1-949-824-7670
| | - B J Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA 92697-2025 , USA . ; Tel: +1-949-824-7670
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4
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Passig J, Schade J, Oster M, Fuchs M, Ehlert S, Jäger C, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R. Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Simultaneous Detection of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Inorganic Components from Individual Particles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6341-6345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Passig
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schade
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Oster
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion
GmbH, Hagenower Strasse 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Jäger
- Astrophysics
and Cluster Physics Group, University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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5
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Sultana CM, Collins DB, Prather KA. Effect of Structural Heterogeneity in Chemical Composition on Online Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Sea Spray Aerosol Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3660-3668. [PMID: 28299935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the surface composition of sea spray aerosols (SSA) is critical for understanding and predicting climate-relevant impacts. Offline microscopy and spectroscopy studies have shown that dry supermicron SSA tend to be spatially heterogeneous particles with sodium- and chloride-rich cores surrounded by organic enriched surface layers containing minor inorganic seawater components such as magnesium and calcium. At the same time, single-particle mass spectrometry reveals several different mass spectral ion patterns, suggesting that there may be a number of chemically distinct particle types. This study investigates factors controlling single particle mass spectra of nascent supermicron SSA. Depth profiling experiments conducted on SSA generated by a fritted bubbler and total ion intensity analysis of SSA generated by a marine aerosol reference tank were compared with observations of ambient SSA observed at two coastal locations. Analysis of SSA produced by utilizing controlled laboratory methods reveals that single-particle mass spectra with weak sodium ion signals can be produced by the desorption of the surface of typical dry SSA particles composed of salt cores and organic-rich coatings. Thus, this lab-based study for the first time unifies findings from offline and online measurements as well as lab and field studies of the SSA particle-mixing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Douglas B Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Canagaratna MR, Massoli P, Browne EC, Franklin JP, Wilson KR, Onasch TB, Kirchstetter TW, Fortner EC, Kolb CE, Jayne JT, Kroll JH, Worsnop DR. Chemical compositions of black carbon particle cores and coatings via soot particle aerosol mass spectrometry with photoionization and electron ionization. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4589-99. [PMID: 25526741 DOI: 10.1021/jp510711u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Black carbon is an important constituent of atmospheric aerosol particle matter (PM) with significant effects on the global radiation budget and on human health. The soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) has been developed and deployed for real-time ambient measurements of refractory carbon particles. In the SP-AMS, black carbon or metallic particles are vaporized through absorption of 1064 nm light from a CW Nd:YAG laser. This scheme allows for continuous "soft" vaporization of both core and coating materials. The main focus of this work is to characterize the extent to which this vaporization scheme provides enhanced chemical composition information about aerosol particles. This information is difficult to extract from standard SP-AMS mass spectra because they are complicated by extensive fragmentation from the harsh 70 eV EI ionization scheme that is typically used in these instruments. Thus, in this work synchotron-generated vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in the 8-14 eV range is used to measure VUV-SP-AMS spectra with minimal fragmentation. VUV-SP-AMS spectra of commercially available carbon black, fullerene black, and laboratory generated flame soots were obtained. Small carbon cluster cations (C(+)-C5(+)) were found to dominate the VUV-SP-AMS spectra of all the samples, indicating that the corresponding neutral clusters are key products of the SP vaporization process. Intercomparisons of carbon cluster ratios observed in VUV-SP-AMS and SP-AMS spectra are used to confirm spectral features that could be used to distinguish between different types of refractory carbon particles. VUV-SP-AMS spectra of oxidized organic species adsorbed on absorbing cores are also examined and found to display less thermally induced decomposition and fragmentation than spectra obtained with thermal vaporization at 200 °C (the minimum temperature needed to quantitatively vaporize ambient oxidized organic aerosol with a continuously heated surface). The particle cores tested in these studies include black carbon, silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that SP vaporization is capable of providing enhanced organic chemical composition information for a wide range of organic coating materials and IR absorbing particle cores. The potential of using this technique to study organic species of interest in seeded laboratory chamber or flow reactor studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula R Canagaratna
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Paola Massoli
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Eleanor C Browne
- ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan P Franklin
- ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- ∥Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Timothy B Onasch
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Thomas W Kirchstetter
- ⊥Environmental Energy and Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,#Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edward C Fortner
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Charles E Kolb
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - John T Jayne
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- †Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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8
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Cahill JF, Fei H, Cohen SM, Prather KA. Characterization of core-shell MOF particles by depth profiling experiments using on-line single particle mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1510-5. [PMID: 25587577 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Materials with core-shell structures have distinct properties that lend themselves to a variety of potential applications. Characterization of small particle core-shell materials presents a unique analytical challenge. Herein, single particles of solid-state materials with core-shell structures were measured using on-line aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). Laser 'depth profiling' experiments verified the core-shell nature of two known core-shell particle configurations (<2 μm diameter) that possessed inverted, complimentary core-shell compositions (ZrO2@SiO2 versus SiO2@ZrO2). The average peak area ratios of Si and Zr ions were calculated to definitively show their core-shell composition. These ratio curves acted as a calibrant for an uncharacterized sample – a metal-organic framework (MOF) material surround by silica (UiO-66(Zr)@SiO2; UiO = University of Oslo). ATOFMS depth profiling was used to show that these particles did indeed exhibit a core-shell architecture. The results presented here show that ATOFMS can provide unique insights into core-shell solid-state materials with particle diameters between 0.2-3 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cahill
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, USA
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9
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Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA. New mass spectrometry techniques for studying physical chemistry of atmospheric heterogeneous processes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.752904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Chan MN, Nah T, Wilson KR. Real time in situ chemical characterization of sub-micron organic aerosols using Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART-MS): the effect of aerosol size and volatility. Analyst 2013; 138:3749-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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WANG HL, HU YJ, XING D. Recent Progress of Two-step Laser Desorption/Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry and its Application. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(10)60420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Orr BJ. Spectroscopy and energetics of the acetylene molecule: dynamical complexity alongside structural simplicity. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600892577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Orr
- a Department of Physics and Centre for Lasers and Applications , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
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13
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Aubriet F, Carré V. Potential of laser mass spectrometry for the analysis of environmental dust particles—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:34-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Simpson EA, Campuzano-Jost P, Hanna SJ, Kanan KMM, Hepburn JW, Blades MW, Bertram AK. Studies of one and two component aerosols using IR/VUV single particle mass spectrometry: Insights into the vaporization process and quantitative limitations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:11565-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Zelenyuk A, Imre D. Beyond single particle mass spectrometry: multidimensional characterisation of individual aerosol particles. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903037458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Hanna SJ, Campuzano-Jost P, Simpson EA, Burak I, Blades MW, Hepburn JW, Bertram AK. A study of oleic acid and 2,4-DHB acid aerosols using an IR-VUV-ITMS: insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7963-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b904748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Bente M, Sklorz M, Streibel T, Zimmermann R. Online Laser Desorption-Multiphoton Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Aerosol Particles: Molecular Source Indicators for Particles Emitted from Different Traffic-Related and Wood Combustion Sources. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8991-9004. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bente
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie/Massenspektrometrie-Zentrum, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, and BIfA-Bayrisches Institut für Angewandte Umweltforschung and Technik GmbH, Kompetenzbereich Prozesstechnik and Chemische Analytik, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
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18
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Rosen EP, Garland ER, Baer T. Ozonolysis of Oleic Acid Adsorbed to Polar and Nonpolar Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10315-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8045802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias P. Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Eva R. Garland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Tomas Baer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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19
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Zelenyuk A, Yang J, Song C, Zaveri RA, Imre D. “Depth-Profiling” and Quantitative Characterization of the Size, Composition, Shape, Density, and Morphology of Fine Particles with SPLAT, a Single-Particle Mass Spectrometer. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:669-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077308y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, and Imre Consulting, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Juan Yang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, and Imre Consulting, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Chen Song
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, and Imre Consulting, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, and Imre Consulting, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Dan Imre
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, and Imre Consulting, Richland, Washington 99352
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20
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Prather KA, Hatch CD, Grassian VH. Analysis of atmospheric aerosols. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:485-514. [PMID: 20636087 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols represent an important component of the Earth's atmosphere. Because aerosols are composed of solid and liquid particles of varying chemical complexity, size, and phase, large challenges exist in understanding how they impact climate, health, and the chemistry of the atmosphere. Only through the integration of field, laboratory, and modeling analysis can we begin to unravel the roles atmospheric aerosols play in these global processes. In this article, we provide a brief review of the current state of the science in the analysis of atmospheric aerosols and some important challenges that need to be overcome before they can become fully integrated. It is clear that only when these areas are effectively bridged can we fully understand the impact that atmospheric aerosols have on our environment and the Earth's system at the level of scientific certainty necessary to design and implement sound environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093-0314, USA.
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21
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Kim D, Cha H, Kim D, Lee S. Increasing the mass resolution in a TOF aerosol mass spectrometer using a nonlinear post focusing method. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Jimenez JL, Allan JD, Alfarra MR, Zhang Q, Onasch TB, Drewnick F, Coe H, Middlebrook A, Delia A, Williams LR, Trimborn AM, Northway MJ, DeCarlo PF, Kolb CE, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR. Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:185-222. [PMID: 17230437 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometric techniques to the real-time measurement and characterization of aerosols represents a significant advance in the field of atmospheric science. This review focuses on the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), an instrument designed and developed at Aerodyne Research, Inc. (ARI) that is the most widely used thermal vaporization AMS. The AMS uses aerodynamic lens inlet technology together with thermal vaporization and electron-impact mass spectrometry to measure the real-time non-refractory (NR) chemical speciation and mass loading as a function of particle size of fine aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between approximately 50 and 1,000 nm. The original AMS utilizes a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q) with electron impact (EI) ionization and produces ensemble average data of particle properties. Later versions employ time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometers and can produce full mass spectral data for single particles. This manuscript presents a detailed discussion of the strengths and limitations of the AMS measurement approach and reviews how the measurements are used to characterize particle properties. Results from selected laboratory experiments and field measurement campaigns are also presented to highlight the different applications of this instrument. Recent instrumental developments, such as the incorporation of softer ionization techniques (vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photo-ionization, Li+ ion, and electron attachment) and high-resolution ToF mass spectrometers, that yield more detailed information about the organic aerosol component are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Canagaratna
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Rd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA.
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23
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Charvat A, Abel B. How to make big molecules fly out of liquid water: applications, features and physics of laser assisted liquid phase dispersion mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3335-60. [PMID: 17664960 DOI: 10.1039/b615114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Applications, features, and mechanistic details of laser assisted liquid phase dispersion mass spectrometry are highlighted and discussed. It has been used in the past to directly isolate charged molecular aggregates from the liquid phase and to determine their molecular weight employing sensitive time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The liquid matrix in this MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization) type approach consists of a 10 microm diameter free liquid filament in vacuum (or a free droplet) which is excited with a focused infrared laser pulse tuned to match the absorption frequency of the OH-stretch vibration of bulk water near 2.8 microm. Due to these features we will refer to the approach as free liquid matrix assisted laser dispersion of ions or ionic aggregates (IR-FL-MALDI), although also LILBID ("laser induced liquid beam (bead) desorption and ionization") has been proposed early as a descriptive acronym for the technique and may be used alternatively. Low-charge-state macromolecular adducts are isolated in the gas phase from solution via a yet poorly characterized mechanism which sensitively depends upon the laser intensity and wavelength, and after the gentle liquid-to-vacuum transfer the aggregates are analyzed via time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Possible mechanisms for the isolation and charging of biomolecules directly from liquid solution are discussed in the present contribution. Recent technical advances such as minimizing the sample consumption, strategies for high throughput mass spectrometry, and coupling of liquid beam MS with HPLC will be highlighted as well. An interesting feature of IR-FL-MALDI is what we call the linear response, i.e., a surprising linearity of the gas phase mass signal on the solution concentration over many orders of magnitude for a large number of biomolecular systems as well as ions. Due to these features the approach may be regarded as a true solution probing spectroscopy, which enables elegant biokinetic studies. Several experiments in which time resolved IR-FL-MALDI-MS has recently been employed successfully are given. A particular highlight is the possibility to quantitatively detect oxidation states in solution, which clearly distinguishes the present approach from other established MS source concepts. Due to the good matrix tolerance also proteins in complex mixtures can be monitored quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Charvat
- Max-Planck Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Streibel T, Weh J, Mitschke S, Zimmermann R. Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis Coupled with Photoionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Molecular Organic Compounds and Oligomeric and Polymeric Fractions in Urban Particulate Matter. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5354-61. [PMID: 16878869 DOI: 10.1021/ac060227y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are subject to be responsible for human health effects. In this context, besides mass and number concentration of particles, their chemical composition has gained interest recently. However, knowledge about the organic content of particulate matter is still relatively scarce; i.e., only 10-40% of compounds present in the aerosol are as yet identified. By means of a newly developed measurement technique, thermal desorption/photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), organic species evolved from urban aerosol samples collected at Augsburg, Germany, are analyzed. Thereby, compounds desorbed according to a temperature protocol following procedures for OC/EC analysis (120, 250, and 340 degrees C as desorbing temperatures) are ionized by soft, fragmentationless resonance multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and single photon ionization (SPI), respectively. With REMPI-TOFMS, a large variety of PAH is detectable. A comprehensive analysis is enabled by adding SPI-TOFMS, which gives access to aliphatic and carbonylic hydrocarbons as well as alkanoic acids and esters. Analysis of the data showed a high abundance of phenol and guiacol as well as retene, which are known markers for wood combustion. Similar patterns were found with ash from spruce wood combustion. An increase of volatile substances at 340 degrees C gave rise to the suggestion that these compounds are re-formed by pyrolytic decomposition reactions from oligomeric, polymeric, and polyfunctional oxygenated species. This was corroborated by the investigation of the behavior of cellulose acetate, which exhibited a similar pattern in its SPI-TOFMS spectrum at 340 degrees C as the aerosol. More thorough investigations of urban aerosol and source material with respect to problems such as the mass closure of carbonaceous material, indications for source apportionment, and allotment of organic species on a molecular level to fractions of organic and elemental carbon seem feasible with this measurement method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Streibel
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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25
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Mihesan C, Ziskind M, Therssen E, Desgroux P, Focsa C. IR laser resonant desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Roger E. Miller: Publications. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600709243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Ferge T, Mühlberger F, Zimmermann R. Application of Infrared Laser Desorption Vacuum-UV Single-Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Organic Compounds from Particulate Matter Filter Samples. Anal Chem 2005; 77:4528-38. [PMID: 16013870 DOI: 10.1021/ac050296x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new built instrument suitable for laser desorption-single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-SPI-TOFMS) with use of Vacuum-UV photons with a wavelength of 118 nm was used for the analysis of organic compounds. Fragmentation-free analysis of a variety of substances was achieved for desorption experiments with pure compounds desorbed from quartz glass filters applying low desorption energies. It was further found that the rate of fragmentation is strongly dependent on the desorption energy. Matrix effects were investigated by desorption experiments utilizing soot spiked with several organic compounds.The characteristics of the desorption process are assessed in more detail and the impact on the analysis of ambient particulate matter (PM) samples on filters are discussed. First results obtained from the application of the technique to the analysis of organic compounds from ambient PM are presented. Furthermore, possibilities of future developments of the method, in particular for analysis of ambient PM, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ferge
- GSF Forschungszentrum, Institut für Okologische Chemie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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28
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Sullivan RC, Prather KA. Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Made Possible by On-Line Aerosol Analysis Instrumentation. Anal Chem 2005; 77:3861-85. [PMID: 15952760 DOI: 10.1021/ac050716i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, USA
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29
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Pegus A, Kirkwood D, Cairns DB, Armes SP, Stace AJ. Depth profiling of sterically-stabilised polystyrene nanoparticles using laser ablation/ionisation mass spectrometric methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2519-25. [PMID: 15962038 DOI: 10.1039/b502837j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An aerodynamic lens has been used to introduce polystyrene nanoparticles into an apparatus that combines laser vaporisation with mass spectrometric measurements of ion intensity. The particles have a mean diameter of 129 nm and are sterically-stabilised with poly(ethylene glycol) which coats the surface to a depth of approximately 5 nm. Measurements have been made at wavelengths of 266, 355, and 523 nm, and over a range of laser powers. The results provide clear evidence that depth profiling can be achieved by changing the wavelength of the ablating radiation, but that changes in power at a single wavelength have little influence on the range of ions observed. At 523 nm the mass spectra are predominantly derived from surface-bound material, whilst at 266 nm the dominant contribution is from ions related to the polystyrene core of the particles. It is proposed that these differences in behaviour can be equated with existing models of the laser ablation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pegus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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30
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Oktem B, Tolocka MP, Johnston MV. On-Line Analysis of Organic Components in Fine and Ultrafine Particles by Photoionization Aerosol Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2003; 76:253-61. [PMID: 14719868 DOI: 10.1021/ac0350559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method, photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry (PIAMS), is described for real-time analysis of organic components in airborne particles below approximately 300 nm in diameter. Particles are focused through an aerodynamic lens assembly into the mass spectrometer where they are collected on a probe in the source region. After a sufficient amount of sample has been collected, the probe is irradiated with a pulsed infrared laser beam to vaporize organic components, which are then softly ionized with coherent vacuum ultraviolet radiation at 118 nm (10.5 eV). Since the photon energy is close to the ionization energies of most organic compounds, fragmentation is minimized. Both aliphatic and aromatic compounds of atmospheric relevance are detected and quantified in the low- to midpicogram range. The photoionization signal intensity increases linearly with the amount of material sampled and is independent of particle size. The fragmentation induced by laser desorption is greater than that observed with thermal vaporization, suggesting that the internal energy imparted by the former is greater. Although some molecular fragmentation is observed, mass spectra from common sources of ambient organic aerosol are distinguishable and consistent with previous off-line measurements by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These results illustrate the potential of PIAMS for molecular characterization of organic aerosols in ambient and smog chamber measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Oktem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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31
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Rudich Y. Laboratory Perspectives on the Chemical Transformations of Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particles. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5097-124. [PMID: 14664645 DOI: 10.1021/cr020508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Rudich
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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32
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Sipin MF, Guazzotti SA, Prather KA. Recent Advances and Some Remaining Challenges in Analytical Chemistry of the Atmosphere. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac030143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele F. Sipin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314
| | - Sergio A. Guazzotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314
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33
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Woods, Miller RE, Baer T. The Internal Energy of Neutral Ethylene Glycol Molecules Created in the Laser Vaporization of Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0218387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woods
- Department of Chemistry,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Roger E. Miller
- Department of Chemistry,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Tomas Baer
- Department of Chemistry,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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34
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Smith GD, Woods E, DeForest CL, Baer T, Miller RE. Reactive Uptake of Ozone by Oleic Acid Aerosol Particles: Application of Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry to Heterogeneous Reaction Kinetics. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020527t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Ephraim Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Cindy L. DeForest
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Tomas Baer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Roger E. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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