1
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Li K, Resch J, Kalberer M. Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Peroxides from Monoterpene-Derived Criegee Intermediates in Secondary Organic Aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3322-3331. [PMID: 38324703 PMCID: PMC10927166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of alkenes is known to produce reactive intermediates─stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs), and their subsequent bimolecular reactions with various carboxylic acids can form α-acyloxyalkyl hydroperoxides (AAHPs), which is considered a major class of organic peroxides in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Despite their atmospheric and health importance, the molecular-level identification of organic peroxides in atmospheric aerosols is highly challenging, preventing further assessment of their environmental fate. Here, we synthesize 20 atmospherically relevant AAHPs through liquid-phase ozonolysis, in which two types of monoterpene-derived SCIs from either α-pinene or 3-carene are scavenged by 10 different carboxylic acids to form AAHPs with diverse structures. These AAHPs are identified individually by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. AAHPs were previously thought to decompose quickly in an aqueous environment such as cloud droplets, but we demonstrate here that AAHPs hydrolysis rates are highly compound-dependent with rate constants differing by 2 orders of magnitude. In contrast, the aqueous-phase formation rate constants between SCI and various carboxylic acids vary only within a factor of 2-3. Finally, we identified two of the 20 synthesized AAHPs in α-pinene SOA and two in 3-carene SOA, contributing ∼0.3% to the total SOA mass. Our results improve the current molecular-level understanding of organic peroxides and are useful for a more accurate assessment of their environmental fate and health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Li
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Julian Resch
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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2
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Stagakis S, Feigenwinter C, Vogt R, Brunner D, Kalberer M. A high-resolution monitoring approach of urban CO 2 fluxes. Part 2 - surface flux optimisation using eddy covariance observations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166035. [PMID: 37543328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving climate neutrality by 2050 requires ground-breaking technological and methodological advancements in climate change mitigation planning and actions from local to regional scales. Monitoring the cities' CO2 emissions with sufficient detail and accuracy is crucial for guiding sustainable urban transformation. Current methodologies for CO2 emission inventories rely on bottom-up (BU) approaches which do not usually offer information on the spatial or temporal variability of the emissions and present substantial uncertainties. This study develops a novel approach which assimilates direct CO2 flux observations from urban eddy covariance (EC) towers with very high spatiotemporal resolution information from an advanced urban BU surface flux model (Part 1 of this study, Stagakis et al., 2023) within a Bayesian inversion framework. The methodology is applied to the city centre of Basel, Switzerland (3 × 3 km domain), taking advantage of two long-term urban EC sites located 1.6 km apart. The data assimilation provides optimised gridded CO2 flux information individually for each urban surface flux component (i.e. building heating emissions, commercial/industrial emissions, traffic emissions, human respiration emissions, biogenic net exchange) at 20 m resolution and weekly time-step. The results demonstrate that urban EC observations can be consistently used to improve high-resolution BU surface CO2 flux model estimations, providing realistic seasonal variabilities of each flux component. Traffic emissions are determined with the greatest confidence among the five flux components during the inversions. The optimised annual anthropogenic emissions are 14.7 % lower than the prior estimate, the human respiration emissions have decreased by 12.1 %, while the biogenic components transformed from a weak sink to a weak source. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of the weekly comparisons between EC observations and model outputs are consistently reduced. However, a slight underestimation of the total flux, especially in locations with complex CO2 source/sink mixture, is still evident in the optimised fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Stagakis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vogt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Brunner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Campbell SJ, Utinger B, Barth A, Paulson SE, Kalberer M. Iron and Copper Alter the Oxidative Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol: Insights from Online Measurements and Model Development. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13546-13558. [PMID: 37624361 PMCID: PMC10501117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter has been widely suggested as a key metric for describing atmospheric particle toxicity. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and redox-active transition metals, such as iron and copper, are key drivers of particle OP. However, their relative contributions to OP, as well as the influence of metal-organic interactions and particulate chemistry on OP, remains uncertain. In this work, we simultaneously deploy two novel online instruments for the first time, providing robust quantification of particle OP. We utilize online AA (OPAA) and 2,7-dichlorofluoroscein (ROSDCFH) methods to investigate the influence of Fe(II) and Cu(II) on the OP of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In addition, we quantify the OH production (OPOH) from these particle mixtures. We observe a range of synergistic and antagonistic interactions when Fe(II) and Cu(II) are mixed with representative biogenic (β-pinene) and anthropogenic (naphthalene) SOA. A newly developed kinetic model revealed key reactions among SOA components, transition metals, and ascorbate, influencing OPAA. Model predictions agree well with OPAA measurements, highlighting metal-ascorbate and -naphthoquinone-ascorbate reactions as important drivers of OPAA. The simultaneous application of multiple OP assays and a kinetic model provides new insights into the influence of metal and SOA interactions on particle OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Barth
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California at Los Angeles, 520 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Stagakis S, Feigenwinter C, Vogt R, Kalberer M. A high-resolution monitoring approach of urban CO 2 fluxes. Part 1 - bottom-up model development. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:160216. [PMID: 36402316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of urban areas is increasingly important to assess the progress towards the Paris Agreement goals for climate neutrality. Cities are currently voluntarily developing their local inventories, however, the approaches used across different cities are not systematically assessed, present consistency issues, neglect the biogenic fluxes and have restricted spatial and temporal resolution. In order to assess the accuracy of the urban emission inventories and provide information which is useful for planning local climate change mitigation actions, high resolution modelling approaches combined or evaluated with atmospheric observations are needed. This study presents a new high-resolution bottom-up (BU) model which provides hourly maps of all major components contributing to the local urban surface CO2 flux (i.e. building emissions, traffic emissions, human respiration, soil respiration, plant respiration, plant photosynthetic uptake) and can therefore be used for direct comparison with in-situ atmospheric observations and development of local scale atmospheric inversion methodologies. The model design aims to be simple and flexible using inputs that are available in most cities, facilitating transferability to different locations. The inputs are primarily based on open geospatial datasets, census information, road traffic monitoring and basic meteorological parameters. The model is applied on the city centre of Basel, Switzerland, for the year 2018 and the results are compared to a local inventory. It is demonstrated that the model captures the highly dynamic spatiotemporal variability of the urban CO2 fluxes according to main environmental drivers, population activity dynamics and geospatial information proxies. The annual modelled emissions from buildings and traffic are estimated 14.8 % and 9 % lower than the respective information derived by the local inventory. The differences are mainly attributed to the emissions from the industrial areas and the highways which are beyond the geographical coverage of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Stagakis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vogt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Wang S, Gallimore PJ, Liu-Kang C, Yeung K, Campbell SJ, Utinger B, Liu T, Peng H, Kalberer M, Chan AWH, Abbatt JPD. Dynamic Wood Smoke Aerosol Toxicity during Oxidative Atmospheric Aging. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1246-1256. [PMID: 36630690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a major source of biomass burning aerosol to the atmosphere, with their incidence and intensity expected to increase in a warmer future climate. However, the toxicity evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) during atmospheric aging remains poorly understood. In this study, we report a unique set of chemical and toxicological metrics of BBOA from pine wood smoldering during multiphase aging by gas-phase hydroxyl radicals (OH). Both the fresh and OH-aged BBOA show activity relevant to adverse health outcomes. The results from two acellular assays (DTT and DCFH) show significant oxidative potential (OP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in OH-aged BBOA. Also, radical concentrations in the aerosol assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy increased by 50% following heterogeneous aging. This enhancement was accompanied by a transition from predominantly carbon-centered radicals (85%) in the fresh aerosol to predominantly oxygen-centered radicals (76%) following aging. Both the fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols trigger prominent antioxidant defense during the in vitro exposure, indicating the induction of oxidative stress by BBOA in the atmosphere. By connecting chemical composition and toxicity using an integrated approach, we show that short-term aging initiated by OH radicals can produce biomass burning particles with a higher particle-bound ROS generation capacity, which are therefore a more relevant exposure hazard for residents in large population centers close to wildfire regions than previously studied fresh biomass burning emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Peter J Gallimore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Carolyn Liu-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kirsten Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E8, Canada
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6
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Moyroud E, Airoldi CA, Ferria J, Giorio C, Steimer SS, Rudall PJ, Prychid CJ, Halliwell S, Walker JF, Robinson S, Kalberer M, Glover BJ. Cuticle chemistry drives the development of diffraction gratings on the surface of Hibiscus trionum petals. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5323-5334.e6. [PMID: 36423640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants combine both chemical and structural means to appear colorful. We now have an extensive understanding of the metabolic pathways used by flowering plants to synthesize pigments, but the mechanisms remain obscure whereby cells produce microscopic structures sufficiently regular to interfere with light and create an optical effect. Here, we combine transgenic approaches in a novel model system, Hibiscus trionum, with chemical analyses of the cuticle, both in transgenic lines and in different species of Hibiscus, to investigate the formation of a semi-ordered diffraction grating on the petal surface. We show that regulating both cuticle production and epidermal cell growth is insufficient to determine the type of cuticular pattern produced. Instead, the chemical composition of the cuticle plays a crucial role in restricting the formation of diffraction gratings to the pigmented region of the petal. This suggests that buckling, driven by spatiotemporal regulation of cuticle chemistry, could pattern the petal surface at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Moyroud
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Chiara A Airoldi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jordan Ferria
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sarah S Steimer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Shannon Halliwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Joseph F Walker
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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7
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Campbell SJ, Wolfer K, Gallimore PJ, Giorio C, Häussinger D, Boillat MA, Kalberer M. Characterization and Quantification of Particle-Bound Criegee Intermediates in Secondary Organic Aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12945-12954. [PMID: 36054832 PMCID: PMC9494744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ozonolysis of alkenes contributes substantially to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which are important modulators of air quality and the Earth's climate. Criegee intermediates (CIs) are abundantly formed through this reaction. However, their contributions to aerosol particle chemistry remain highly uncertain. In this work, we present the first application of a novel methodology, using spin traps, which simultaneously quantifies CIs produced from the ozonolysis of volatile organic compounds in the gas and particle phases. Only the smallest CI with one carbon atom was detected in the gas phase of a β-caryophyllene ozonolysis reaction system. However, multiple particle-bound CIs were observed in β-caryophyllene SOA. The concentration of the most abundant CI isomer in the particle phase was estimated to constitute ∼0.013% of the SOA mass under atmospherically relevant conditions. We also demonstrate that the lifetime of CIs in highly viscous SOA particles is at least on the order of minutes, substantially greater than their gas-phase lifetime. The confirmation of substantial concentrations of large CIs with elongated lifetimes in SOA raises new questions regarding their influence on the chemical evolution of viscous SOA particles, where CIs may be a previously underestimated source of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Kate Wolfer
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Gallimore
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Aurèle Boillat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Basel, Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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8
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Pardo M, Offer S, Hartner E, Di Bucchianico S, Bisig C, Bauer S, Pantzke J, Zimmermann EJ, Cao X, Binder S, Kuhn E, Huber A, Jeong S, Käfer U, Schneider E, Mesceriakovas A, Bendl J, Brejcha R, Buchholz A, Gat D, Hohaus T, Rastak N, Karg E, Jakobi G, Kalberer M, Kanashova T, Hu Y, Ogris C, Marsico A, Theis F, Shalit T, Gröger T, Rüger CP, Oeder S, Orasche J, Paul A, Ziehm T, Zhang ZH, Adam T, Sippula O, Sklorz M, Schnelle-Kreis J, Czech H, Kiendler-Scharr A, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Exposure to naphthalene and β-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol induced divergent changes in transcript levels of BEAS-2B cells. Environ Int 2022; 166:107366. [PMID: 35763991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of exposure to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are still limited. Here, we investigated and compared the toxicities of soot particles (SP) coated with β-pinene SOA (SOAβPin-SP) and SP coated with naphthalene SOA (SOANap-SP) in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) residing at the air-liquid interface. SOAβPin-SP mostly contained oxygenated aliphatic compounds from β-pinene photooxidation, whereas SOANap-SP contained a significant fraction of oxygenated aromatic products under similar conditions. Following exposure, genome-wide transcriptome responses showed an Nrf2 oxidative stress response, particularly for SOANap-SP. Other signaling pathways, such as redox signaling, inflammatory signaling, and the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase, were identified to have a stronger impact following exposure to SOANap-SP. SOANap-SP also induced a stronger genotoxicity response than that of SOAβPin-SP. This study elucidated the mechanisms that govern SOA toxicity and showed that, compared to SOAs derived from a typical biogenic precursor, SOAs from a typical anthropogenic precursor have higher toxicological potency, which was accompanied with the activation of varied cellular mechanisms, such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This can be attributed to the difference in chemical composition; specifically, the aromatic compounds in the naphthalene-derived SOA had higher cytotoxic potential than that of the β-pinene-derived SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Hartner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seongho Jeong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Schneider
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Bendl
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Werner- Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZE-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniela Gat
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics Institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Ziehm
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Adam
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Werner- Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johen-Str., D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, POB 26, ISR-7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Offer S, Hartner E, Di Bucchianico S, Bisig C, Bauer S, Pantzke J, Zimmermann EJ, Cao X, Binder S, Kuhn E, Huber A, Jeong S, Käfer U, Martens P, Mesceriakovas A, Bendl J, Brejcha R, Buchholz A, Gat D, Hohaus T, Rastak N, Jakobi G, Kalberer M, Kanashova T, Hu Y, Ogris C, Marsico A, Theis F, Pardo M, Gröger T, Oeder S, Orasche J, Paul A, Ziehm T, Zhang ZH, Adam T, Sippula O, Sklorz M, Schnelle-Kreis J, Czech H, Kiendler-Scharr A, Rudich Y, Zimmermann R. Effect of Atmospheric Aging on Soot Particle Toxicity in Lung Cell Models at the Air–Liquid Interface: Differential Toxicological Impacts of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs). Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:27003. [PMID: 35112925 PMCID: PMC8812555 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic gaseous precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] burden, which has been associated with adverse human health effects. However, there is only limited evidence on their differential toxicological impact. Objectives: We aimed to discriminate toxicological effects of aerosols generated by atmospheric aging on combustion soot particles (SPs) of gaseous biogenic (β-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) precursors in two different lung cell models exposed at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Methods: Mono- or cocultures of lung epithelial cells (A549) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed at the ALI for 4 h to different aerosol concentrations of a photochemically aged mixture of primary combustion SP and β-pinene (SOAβPIN-SP) or naphthalene (SOANAP-SP). The internally mixed soot/SOA particles were comprehensively characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We conducted toxicity tests to determine cytotoxicity, intracellular oxidative stress, primary and secondary genotoxicity, as well as inflammatory and angiogenic effects. Results: We observed considerable toxicity-related outcomes in cells treated with either SOA type. Greater adverse effects were measured for SOANAP-SP compared with SOAβPIN-SP in both cell models, whereas the nano-sized soot cores alone showed only minor effects. At the functional level, we found that SOANAP-SP augmented the secretion of malondialdehyde and interleukin-8 and may have induced the activation of endothelial cells in the coculture system. This activation was confirmed by comet assay, suggesting secondary genotoxicity and greater angiogenic potential. Chemical characterization of PM revealed distinct qualitative differences in the composition of the two secondary aerosol types. Discussion: In this study using A549 and EA.hy926 cells exposed at ALI, SOA compounds had greater toxicity than primary SPs. Photochemical aging of naphthalene was associated with the formation of more oxidized, more aromatic SOAs with a higher oxidative potential and toxicity compared with β-pinene. Thus, we conclude that the influence of atmospheric chemistry on the chemical PM composition plays a crucial role for the adverse health outcome of emissions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9413
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Hartner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J. Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seongho Jeong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Martens
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Bendl
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniella Gat
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Ziehm
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Adam
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Campbell SJ, Wolfer K, Utinger B, Westwood J, Zhang ZH, Bukowiecki N, Steimer SS, Vu TV, Xu J, Straw N, Thomson S, Elzein A, Sun Y, Liu D, Li L, Fu P, Lewis AC, Harrison RM, Bloss WJ, Loh M, Miller MR, Shi Z, Kalberer M. Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM 2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China. Atmos Chem Phys 2021; 21:5549-5573. [PMID: 34462630 PMCID: PMC7611584 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atmospheric conditions and specific chemical components of PM2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilised multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atmospheric pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHH-Beijing), and PM2.5 OP was analysed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM2.5, including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chemistry (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Positive correlations of OP (normalised per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalised for particle mass, days with higher PM2.5 mass concentrations (μgm-3) were found to have lower mass-normalised OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate analysis of OP values and an extensive range of additional measurements, 107 in total, including PM2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorological data, provided detailed insight into the chemical components and atmospheric processes that determine PM2.5 OP variability. Multivariate statistical analyses highlighted associations of OP assay responses with varying chemical components in PM2.5 for both mass- and volume-normalised data. AA and DTT assays were well predicted by a small set of measurements in multiple linear regression (MLR) models and indicated fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as influential particle sources in the assay response. Mass MLR models of OP associated with compositional source profiles predicted OP almost as well as volume MLR models, illustrating the influence of mass composition on both particle-level OP and total volume OP. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that different assays cover different chemical spaces, and through comparison of mass- and volume-normalised data we demonstrate that mass-normalised OP provides a more nuanced picture of compositional drivers and sources of OP compared to volume-normalised analysis. This study constitutes one of the most extensive and comprehensive composition datasets currently available and provides a unique opportunity to explore chemical variations in PM2.5 and how they affect both PM2.5 OP and the concentrations of particle-bound reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Wolfer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joe Westwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Bukowiecki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuan V. Vu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jingsha Xu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Straw
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Thomson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Atallah Elzein
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Alastair C. Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark R. Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Shen J, Griffiths PT, Campbell SJ, Utinger B, Kalberer M, Paulson SE. Ascorbate oxidation by iron, copper and reactive oxygen species: review, model development, and derivation of key rate constants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7417. [PMID: 33795736 PMCID: PMC8016884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is among the most abundant antioxidants in the lung, where it likely plays a key role in the mechanism by which particulate air pollution initiates a biological response. Because ascorbic acid is a highly redox active species, it engages in a far more complex web of reactions than a typical organic molecule, reacting with oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical as well as redox-active transition metals such as iron and copper. The literature provides a solid outline for this chemistry, but there are large disagreements about mechanisms, stoichiometries and reaction rates, particularly for the transition metal reactions. Here we synthesize the literature, develop a chemical kinetics model, and use seven sets of laboratory measurements to constrain mechanisms for the iron and copper reactions and derive key rate constants. We find that micromolar concentrations of iron(III) and copper(II) are more important sinks for ascorbic acid (both AH2 and AH-) than reactive oxygen species. The iron and copper reactions are catalytic rather than redox reactions, and have unit stoichiometries: Fe(III)/Cu(II) + AH2/AH- + O2 → Fe(III)/Cu(II) + H2O2 + products. Rate constants are 5.7 × 104 and 4.7 × 104 M-2 s-1 for Fe(III) + AH2/AH- and 7.7 × 104 and 2.8 × 106 M-2 s-1 for Cu(II) + AH2/AH-, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California At Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1565, USA
| | - Paul T Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne E Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California At Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1565, USA.
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12
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Davidson NM, Gallimore PJ, Bateman B, Ward AD, Botchway SW, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Measurement of the fluorescence lifetime of GFP in high refractive index levitated droplets using FLIM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14704-14711. [PMID: 32573569 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a widely used fluorescent probe in the life sciences and biosciences due to its high quantum yield and extinction coefficient, and its ability to bind to biological systems of interest. This study measures the fluorescence lifetime of GFP in sucrose/water solutions of known molarity in order to determine the refractive index dependent lifetime of GFP. A range of refractive indices from 1.43-1.53 were probed by levitating micron sized droplets composed of water/sucrose/GFP in an optical trap under well-constrained conditions of relative humidity. This setup allows for the first reported measurements of the fluorescence lifetime of GFP at refractive indices greater than 1.46. The results obtained at refractive indices less than 1.46 show good agreement with previous studies. Further experiments that trapped droplets of deionised water containing GFP allowed the hygroscopic properties of GFP to be measured. GFP is found to be mildly hygroscopic by mass, but the high ratio of molecular masses of GFP to water (ca. 1500 : 1) signifies that water uptake is large on a per-mole basis. Hygroscopic properties are verified using brightfield microscope imaging, of GFP droplets at low and high relative humidity, by measuring the humidity dependent droplet size. In addition, this experiment allowed the refractive index of pure GFP to be estimated for the first time (1.72 ± 0.07). This work provides reference data for future experiments involving GFP, especially for those conducted in high refractive index media. The work also demonstrates that GFP can be used as a probe for aerosol studies, which require determination of the refractive index of the aerosol of any shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Davidson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Kourtchev I, Szeto P, O'Connor I, Popoola OAM, Maenhaut W, Wenger J, Kalberer M. Comparison of Heated Electrospray Ionization and Nanoelectrospray Ionization Sources Coupled to Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Highly Complex Atmospheric Aerosol Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8396-8403. [PMID: 32394709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct infusion analysis using soft ionization techniques coupled to ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometers (UHRMS) allows screening of thousands of organic species in complex samples. Despite the high analytical throughput of direct infusion, this technique is known to be prone to matrix effects caused by changes in the ionization efficiency of an analyte, ion suppression, or enhancement due to the presence of certain compounds and inorganic salts in the sample. In this study we compared two soft ionization sources, that is, heated electrospray ionization (HESI) and nano-ESI for the analysis of atmospheric aerosol samples in the negative ionization mode. In-source fragmentation tests were conducted and experiments involving sample desalting through solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a reversed phase functionalized polymeric sorbent and spiking samples with inorganic salt were performed. Both ionization sources showed specific advantages and disadvantages for the direct infusion analysis of atmospheric aerosol extracts. The mass spectra of aerosol samples analyzed using HESI contained a large number of high molecular weight homologues containing sulfur and nitrogen, suggesting that this source is prone to formation of salt adducts and noncovalent compounds in samples enriched with inorganic salts. Data from the same aerosol sample extracts analyzed using nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) show less adduct formation; however, a decrease in the number of homologues was observed, as well as loss of molecules at higher mass range, indicating that the nano-ESI source is more prone to ion suppression. Irrespective of ionization source, SPE pretreatment significantly improved ion recoveries for organic species with nonpolar and moderately polar functional groups, but lower recoveries were obtained for highly oxygenated molecules. Therefore, while SPE reduced in-source adduct formation, it also limited the range of compounds identified through a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - P Szeto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - I O'Connor
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - O A M Popoola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - W Maenhaut
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - J Wenger
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - M Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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14
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Tapparo A, Di Marco V, Badocco D, D'Aronco S, Soldà L, Pastore P, Mahon BM, Kalberer M, Giorio C. Formation of metal-organic ligand complexes affects solubility of metals in airborne particles at an urban site in the Po valley. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125025. [PMID: 31604190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metals in atmospheric aerosols play potentially an important role in human health and ocean primary productivity. However, the lack of knowledge about solubility and speciation of metal ions in the particles or after solubilisation in aqueous media (sea or surface waters, cloud or rain droplets, biological fluids) limits our understanding of the underlying physico-chemical processes. In this work, a wide range of metals, their soluble fractions, and inorganic/organic compounds contained in urban particulate matter (PM) from Padua (Italy) were determined. Metal solubility tests have been performed by dissolving the PM in water and in solutions simulating rain droplet composition. The water-soluble fractions of the metal ions and of the organic compounds having ligand properties have been subjected to a multivariate statistical procedure, in order to elucidate associations among the aqueous concentrations of these PM components in simulated rain droplets. In parallel, a multi-dimensional speciation calculation has been performed to identify the stoichiometry and the amount of metal-ligand complexes theoretically expected in aqueous solutions. Both approaches showed that the solubility and the aqueous speciation of metal ions were differently affected by the presence of inorganic and organic ligands in the PM. The solubility of Al, Cr, and Fe was strongly correlated to the concentrations of oxalic acid, as their oxalate complexes represented the expected dominant species in aqueous solutions. Oxalates of Al represented ∼98% of soluble Al, while oxalates of Cu represented 34-75% of the soluble Cu, and oxalates of Fe represented 76% of soluble Fe. The oxidation state of Fe can strongly impact the speciation picture. If Fe is present as Fe(II) rather than Fe(III), the amount of Cr and Cu complexed with diacids can increase from 75% to 94%, and from 32% to 53%, respectively. For other metals, the solubility depended on the formation of soluble aquo-complexes, hence with a scarce effect of the organic ligands. An iron-oxalate complex was also directly detected in aerosol sample extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapparo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Aronco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Soldà
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Brendan M Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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15
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Tong H, Zhang Y, Filippi A, Wang T, Li C, Liu F, Leppla D, Kourtchev I, Wang K, Keskinen HM, Levula JT, Arangio AM, Shen F, Ditas F, Martin ST, Artaxo P, Godoi RHM, Yamamoto CI, de Souza RAF, Huang RJ, Berkemeier T, Wang Y, Su H, Cheng Y, Pope FD, Fu P, Yao M, Pöhlker C, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Andreae MO, Shiraiwa M, Pöschl U, Hoffmann T, Kalberer M. Radical Formation by Fine Particulate Matter Associated with Highly Oxygenated Molecules. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:12506-12518. [PMID: 31536707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) play an important role in the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the abundance of HOMs in different environments and their relation to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PM) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the relative HOM abundance and radical yield of laboratory-generated SOA and fine PM in ambient air ranging from remote forest areas to highly polluted megacities. By electron paramagnetic resonance and mass spectrometric investigations, we found that the relative abundance of HOMs, especially the dimeric and low-volatility types, in ambient fine PM was positively correlated with the formation of radicals in aqueous PM extracts. SOA from photooxidation of isoprene, ozonolysis of α- and β-pinene, and fine PM from tropical (central Amazon) and boreal (Hyytiälä, Finland) forests exhibited a higher HOM abundance and radical yield than SOA from photooxidation of naphthalene and fine PM from urban sites (Beijing, Guangzhou, Mainz, Shanghai, and Xi'an), confirming that HOMs are important constituents of biogenic SOA to generate radicals. Our study provides new insights into the chemical relationship of HOM abundance, composition, and sources with the yield of radicals by laboratory and ambient aerosols, enabling better quantification of the component-specific contribution of source- or site-specific fine PM to its climate and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Alexander Filippi
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Chenpei Li
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Fobang Liu
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Denis Leppla
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Helmi-Marja Keskinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Janne T Levula
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Andrea M Arangio
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Florian Ditas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | | | - Paulo Artaxo
- Physics Institute , University of São Paulo , São Paulo 05508-900 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department , Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná 81531-980 , Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná 81531-970 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A F de Souza
- School of Technology , Amazonas State University , Manaus , Amazonas 69065-020 , Brazil
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an , 710061 , China
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Yueshe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Christopher Pöhlker
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , San Diego , California 92093 , United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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16
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Campbell SJ, Utinger B, Lienhard DM, Paulson SE, Shen J, Griffiths PT, Stell AC, Kalberer M. Development of a Physiologically Relevant Online Chemical Assay To Quantify Aerosol Oxidative Potential. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13088-13095. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M. Lienhard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1565, United States
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1565, United States
| | - Paul T. Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Angharad C. Stell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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King ACF, Thomas ER, Pedro JB, Markle B, Potocki M, Jackson SL, Wolff E, Kalberer M. Organic Compounds in a Sub-Antarctic Ice Core: A Potential Suite of Sea Ice Markers. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:9930-9939. [PMID: 31762520 PMCID: PMC6853201 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of organic compounds in ice cores can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. We present results from the first ever ice core drilled on sub-Antarctic island Bouvet, representing a climatologically important but understudied region. We analyze a suite of novel and more familiar organic compounds in the ice core, alongside commonly measured ions. Methanesulfonic acid shows a significant, positive correlation to winter sea ice concentration, as does a fatty acid compound, oleic acid. Both may be sourced from spring phytoplankton blooms, which are larger following greater sea ice extent in the preceding winter. Oxalate, formate, and acetate are positively correlated to sea ice concentration in summer, but sources of these require further investigation. This study demonstrates the potential application of organic compounds from the marine biosphere in generating multiproxy sea ice records, which is critical in improving our understanding of past sea ice changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. F. King
- British Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - J. B. Pedro
- Antarctic Climate and EcosystemsUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - B. Markle
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - M. Potocki
- Climate Change InstituteUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
- School of Earth and Climate SciencesUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
| | - S. L. Jackson
- British Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
- Now at: Research School of Earth SciencesAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - E. Wolff
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M. Kalberer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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18
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Campbell SJ, Stevanovic S, Miljevic B, Bottle SE, Ristovski Z, Kalberer M. Quantification of Particle-Bound Organic Radicals in Secondary Organic Aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:6729-6737. [PMID: 31075990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and evolution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere represents one of the largest uncertainties in our current understanding of air quality. Despite vast research, the toxicological mechanisms relating to adverse human health effects upon exposure to particulate matter are still poorly understood. Particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS) may substantially contribute to observed health effects by influencing aerosol oxidative potential (OP). The role of radicals in both the formation and aging of aerosol, as well as their contribution to aerosol OP, remains highly uncertain. The profluorescent spin trap BPEAnit (9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracenenitroxide), previously utilized to study combustion-generated aerosol, has been applied to provide the first estimate of particle-bound radical concentrations in SOA. We demonstrate that SOA from different atmospherically important VOC precursors have different particle-bound radical concentrations, estimated for the ozonolysis of α-pinene (0.020 ± 0.0050 nmol/μg), limonene (0.0059 ± 0.0010 nmol/μg), and β-caryophyllene (0.0025 ± 0.00080 nmol/μg), highlighting the potential importance of OH-initiated formation of particle-bound organic radicals. Additionally, the lifetime of particle-bound radical species in α-pinene SOA was estimated, and a pseudo-first-order rate constant of k = 7.3 ± 1.7 × 10-3 s-1 was derived, implying a radical lifetime on the order of minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Campbell
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane QLD 4001 , Australia
- School of Engineering , Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , 3126 Australia
| | - Branka Miljevic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane QLD 4001 , Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD 4001 , Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane QLD 4001 , Australia
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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19
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Giorio C, Moyroud E, Glover BJ, Kalberer M. Direct Depolymerization Coupled to Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of the Surface of Plant Tissues. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8326-8333. [PMID: 31125203 PMCID: PMC6620716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
cuticle, the outermost layer covering the epidermis of most
aerial organs of land plants, can have a heterogeneous composition
even on the surface of the same organ. The main cuticle component
is the polymer cutin which, depending on its chemical composition
and structure, can have different biophysical properties. In this
study, we introduce a new on-surface depolymerization method coupled
to liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) high-resolution mass
spectrometry (HRMS) for a fast and spatially resolved chemical characterization
of the cuticle of plant tissues. The method is composed of an on-surface
saponification, followed by extraction with LESA using a chloroform–acetonitrile–water
(49:49:2) mixture and direct HRMS detection. The method is also compared
with LESA-HRMS without prior depolymerization for the analysis of
the surface of the petals of Hibiscus richardsonii flowers, which have a ridged cuticle in the proximal region and
a smooth cuticle in the distal region. We found that on-surface saponification
is effective enough to depolymerize the cutin into its monomeric constituents
thus allowing detection of compounds that were not otherwise accessible
without a depolymerization step. The effect of the depolymerization
procedure was more pronounced for the ridged/proximal cuticle, which
is thicker and richer in epicuticular waxes compared with the cuticle
in the smooth/distal region of the petal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padua , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- The Sainsbury Laboratory , Cambridge University , Bateman Street , Cambridge CB2 1LR , United Kingdom
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge CB2 3EA , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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20
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Giorio C, Bortolini C, Kourtchev I, Tapparo A, Bogialli S, Kalberer M. Direct target and non-target analysis of urban aerosol sample extracts using atmospheric pressure photoionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2019; 224:786-795. [PMID: 30851530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants of high concern for public health. In the atmosphere they undergo oxidation, mainly through reactions with ·OH and NOx to produce nitro- and oxygenated (oxy-) derivatives. In this study, we developed a new method for the detection of particle-bound PAHs, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs using direct infusion into an atmospheric pressure photoionisation high-resolution mass spectrometer (APPI-HRMS). Method optimisation was done by testing different source temperatures, gas flow rates, mobile phases and dopants. Samples were extracted with methanol, concentrated by evaporation and directly infused in the APPI source after adding toluene as dopant. Acquisition was performed in both polarity modes. The method was applied to target analysis of seasonal PM2.5 samples from an urban background site in Padua (Italy), in the Po Valley, in which a series of PAHs, nitro- and oxy-PAHs were detected. APPI-HRMS was then used for non-target analysis of seasonal PM2.5 samples and results compared with nano-electrospray ionisation (nanoESI) HRMS. The results showed that, when samples were characterised by highly oxidised organic compounds, including S-containing compounds, like in summer samples, APPI did not bring any additional information with respect to nanoESI in negative polarity (nanoESI(-)). Conversely, for winter samples, APPI(-) could detect a series of aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds, mainly oxidised and nitrogenated aromatics, that were not otherwise detected with nanoESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy.
| | - Claudio Bortolini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Paulson SE, Gallimore PJ, Kuang XM, Chen JR, Kalberer M, Gonzalez DH. A light-driven burst of hydroxyl radicals dominates oxidation chemistry in newly activated cloud droplets. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav7689. [PMID: 31049398 PMCID: PMC6494489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol particles and their interactions with clouds are one of the most uncertain aspects of the climate system. Aerosol processing by clouds contributes to this uncertainty, altering size distributions, chemical composition, and radiative properties. Many changes are limited by the availability of hydroxyl radicals in the droplets. We suggest an unrecognized potentially substantial source of OH formation in cloud droplets. During the first few minutes following cloud droplet formation, the material in aerosols produces a near-UV light-dependent burst of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in concentrations of 0.1 to 3.5 micromolar aqueous OH ([OH]aq). The source of this burst is previously unrecognized chemistry between iron(II) and peracids. The contribution of the "OH burst" to total OH in droplets varies widely, but it ranges up to a factor of 5 larger than previously known sources. Thus, this new process will substantially enhance the impact of clouds on aerosol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
| | - Peter J. Gallimore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Xiaobi M. Kuang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
| | - Jie Rou Chen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David H. Gonzalez
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
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22
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King ACF, Giorio C, Wolff E, Thomas E, Roverso M, Schwikowski M, Tapparo A, Bogialli S, Kalberer M. Direct Injection Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Primary and Secondary Terrestrial and Marine Biomarkers in Ice Cores. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5051-5057. [PMID: 30893554 PMCID: PMC6536135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many atmospheric
organic compounds are long-lived enough to be
transported from their sources to polar regions and high mountain
environments where they can be trapped in ice archives. While inorganic
components in ice archives have been studied extensively to identify
past climate changes, organic compounds have rarely been used to assess
paleo-environmental changes, mainly due to the lack of suitable analytical
methods. This study presents a new method of direct injection high
performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis,
without the need of preconcentrating the melted ice, for the determination
of a series of novel biomarkers in ice core samples indicative of
primary and secondary terrestrial and marine organic aerosol sources.
Eliminating a preconcentration step reduces contamination potential
and decreases the required sample volume thus allowing a higher time
resolution in the archives. The method is characterized by limits
of detection (LODs) in the range of 0.01–15 ppb, depending
on the analyte, and accuracy evaluated through an interlaboratory
comparison. We find that many components in secondary organic aerosols
(SOAs) are clearly detectable at concentrations comparable to those
previously observed in replicate preconcentrated ice samples from
the Belukha glacier, Russian Altai Mountains. Some compounds with
low recoveries in the preconcentration steps are now detectable in
samples with this new direct injection method significantly increasing
the range of environmental processes and sources that become accessible
for paleo-climate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C F King
- British Antarctic Survey , High Cross, Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ET , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , Padova 35131 , Italy
| | - Eric Wolff
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey , High Cross, Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ET , United Kingdom
| | - Marco Roverso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , Padova 35131 , Italy
| | | | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , Padova 35131 , Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , Padova 35131 , Italy
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , Basel 4056 , Switzerland
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23
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King ACF, Giorio C, Wolff E, Thomas E, Karroca O, Roverso M, Schwikowski M, Tapparo A, Gambaro A, Kalberer M. A new method for the determination of primary and secondary terrestrial and marine biomarkers in ice cores using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 194:233-242. [PMID: 30609525 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of atmospheric compounds measured in ice cores are inorganic, while analysis of their organic counterparts is a less well developed field. In recent years, understanding of formation, transport pathways and preservation of these compounds in ice and snow has improved, showing great potential for their use as biomarkers in ice cores. This study presents an optimised analytical technique for quantification of terrestrial and marine biosphere emissions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) components and fatty acids in ice using HPLC-MS analysis. Concentrations of organic compounds in snow and ice are extremely low (typically ppb or ppt levels) and thus pre-concentration is required prior to analysis. Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) showed potential for fatty acid compounds, but failed to recover SOA compounds. Solid phase extraction (SPE) recovered compounds across both organic groups but methods improving some recoveries came at the expense of others, and background contamination of fatty acids was high. Rotary evaporation was by far the best performing method across both SOA and fatty acid compounds, with average recoveries of 80%. The optimised preconcentration - HPLC-MS method achieved repeatability of 9% averaged for all compounds. In environmental samples, both concentrations and seasonal trends were observed to be reproducible when analysed in two different laboratories using the same method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C F King
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Eric Wolff
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom.
| | - Ornela Karroca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
| | - Marco Roverso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | | | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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24
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Giorio C, Campbell SJ, Bruschi M, Archibald AT, Kalberer M. Detection and identification of Criegee intermediates from the ozonolysis of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs: comparison between experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. Faraday Discuss 2018; 200:559-578. [PMID: 28580994 PMCID: PMC5708353 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of alkenes is a key reaction in the atmosphere, playing an important role in determining the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere and acting as a source of compounds that can contribute to local photochemical “smog”. The reaction products of the initial step of alkene-ozonolysis are Criegee intermediates (CIs), which have for many decades eluded direct experimental detection because of their very short lifetime. We use an innovative experimental technique, stabilisation of CIs with spin traps and analysis with proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, to measure the gas phase concentration of a series of CIs formed from the ozonolysis of a range of both biogenic and anthropogenic alkenes in flow tube experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to assess the stability of the CI-spin trap adducts and show that the reaction of the investigated CIs with the spin trap occurs very rapidly except for the large β-pinene CI. Our measurement method was used successfully to measure all the expected CIs, emphasising that this new technique is applicable to a wide range of CIs with different molecular structures that were previously unidentified experimentally. In addition, for the first time it was possible to study CIs simultaneously in an even more complex reaction system consisting of more than one olefinic precursor. Comparison between our new experimental measurements, calculations of stability of the CI-spin trap adducts and results from numerical modelling, using the master chemical mechanism (MCM), shows that our new method can be used for the quantification of CIs produced in situ in laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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25
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Zielinski AT, Gallimore PJ, Griffiths PT, Jones RL, Seshia AA, Kalberer M. Measuring Aerosol Phase Changes and Hygroscopicity with a Microresonator Mass Sensor. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9716-9724. [PMID: 29969232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between atmospheric aerosol particles and water vapor influences aerosol size, phase, and composition, parameters which critically influence their impacts in the atmosphere. Methods to accurately measure aerosol water uptake for a wide range of particle types are therefore merited. We present here a new method for characterizing aerosol hygroscopicity, an impaction stage containing a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microresonator. We find that deliquescence and efflorescence relative humidities (RHs) of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate are easily diagnosed via changes in resonant frequency and peak sharpness. These agree well with literature values and thermodynamic models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, unlike other resonator-based techniques, full hygroscopic growth curves can be derived, including for an inorganic-organic mixture (sodium chloride and malonic acid) which remains liquid at all RHs. The response of the microresonator frequency to temperature and particle mechanical properties and the resulting limitations when measuring hygroscopicity are discussed. MEMS resonators show great potential as miniaturized ambient aerosol mass monitors, and future work will consider the applicability of our approach to complex ambient samples. The technique also offers an alternative to established methods for accurate thermodynamic measurements in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Zielinski
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gallimore
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Griffiths
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Roderic L Jones
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin A Seshia
- The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FF , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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26
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Yee LD, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Wernis RA, Meng M, Rivera V, Kreisberg NM, Hering SV, Bering MS, Glasius M, Upshur MA, Bé AG, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM, Offenberg JH, Lewandowski M, Kourtchev I, Kalberer M, de Sá S, Martin ST, Alexander ML, Palm BB, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Liu Y, McKinney KA, Artaxo P, Viegas J, Manzi A, Oliveira MB, de Souza R, Machado LAT, Longo K, Goldstein AH. Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons. Atmos Chem Phys 2018; 18:10433-10457. [PMID: 33354203 PMCID: PMC7751628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the Amazon forest region represent the largest source of organic carbon emissions to the atmosphere globally. These BVOC emissions dominantly consist of volatile and intermediate-volatility terpenoid compounds that undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere to form oxygenated condensable gases and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We collected quartz filter samples with 12 h time resolution and performed hourly in situ measurements with a semi-volatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) at a rural site ("T3") located to the west of the urban center of Manaus, Brazil as part of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign to measure intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile BVOCs and their oxidation products during the wet and dry seasons. We speciated and quantified 30 sesquiterpenes and 4 diterpenes with mean concentrations in the range 0.01-6.04 ngm-3 (1-670ppqv). We estimate that sesquiterpenes contribute approximately 14 and 12% to the total reactive loss of O3 via reaction with isoprene or terpenes during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This is reduced from ~ 50-70 % for within-canopy reactive O3 loss attributed to the ozonolysis of highly reactive sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-caryophyllene) that are reacted away before reaching our measurement site. We further identify a suite of their oxidation products in the gas and particle phases and explore their role in biogenic SOA formation in the central Amazon region. Synthesized authentic standards were also used to quantify gas- and particle-phase oxidation products derived from β-caryophyllene. Using tracer-based scaling methods for these products, we roughly estimate that sesquiterpene oxidation contributes at least 0.4-5 % (median 1 %) of total submicron OA mass. However, this is likely a low-end estimate, as evidence for additional unaccounted sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products clearly exists. By comparing our field data to laboratory-based sesquiterpene oxidation experiments we confirm that more than 40 additional observed compounds produced through sesquiterpene oxidation are present in Amazonian SOA, warranting further efforts towards more complete quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
- now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wernis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- now at: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied
Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA, USA
| | - Ventura Rivera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Mads S. Bering
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C,
Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C,
Denmark
| | - Mary Alice Upshur
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ariana Gray Bé
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John H. Offenberg
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods and
Measurements Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods and
Measurements Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Suzane de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M. Lizabeth Alexander
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Brett B. Palm
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- now at: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Karena A. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- now at: Department of Chemistry, Colby College,
Waterville, Maine 04901, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, AM,
Brazil
| | - Antonio Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, AM,
Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz A. T. Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espiacais, São
José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Longo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espiacais, Cachoeira
Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
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27
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Gallimore PJ, Davidson NM, Kalberer M, Pope FD, Ward AD. 1064 nm Dispersive Raman Microspectroscopy and Optical Trapping of Pharmaceutical Aerosols. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8838-8844. [PMID: 29956916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating chemical composition. Coupling Raman spectroscopy with optical microscopy (Raman microspectroscopy) and optical trapping (Raman tweezers) allows microscopic length scales and, hence, femtolitre volumes to be probed. Raman microspectroscopy typically uses UV/visible excitation lasers, but many samples, including organic molecules and complex tissue samples, fluoresce strongly at these wavelengths. Here we report the development and application of dispersive Raman microspectroscopy designed around a near-infrared continuous wave 1064 nm excitation light source. We analyze microparticles (1-5 μm diameter) composed of polystyrene latex and from three real-world pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) used in the treatment of asthma: salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent), salbutamol sulfate (Salamol), and ciclesonide (Alvesco). For the first time, single particles are captured, optically levitated, and analyzed using the same 1064 nm laser, which permits a convenient nondestructive chemical analysis of the true aerosol phase. We show that particles exhibiting overwhelming fluorescence using a visible laser (514.5 nm) can be successfully analyzed with 1064 nm excitation, irrespective of sample composition and irradiation time. Spectra are acquired rapidly (1-5 min) with a wavelength resolution of 2 nm over a wide wavenumber range (500-3100 cm-1). This is despite the microscopic sample size and low Raman scattering efficiency at 1064 nm. Spectra of individual pMDI particles compare well to bulk samples, and the Serevent pMDI delivers the thermodynamically preferred crystal form of salmeterol xinafoate. 1064 nm dispersive Raman microspectroscopy is a promising technique that could see diverse applications for samples where fluorescence-free characterization is required with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gallimore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Nick M Davidson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot , OX11 0FA , United Kingdom
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28
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Giorio C, Monod A, Brégonzio-Rozier L, DeWitt HL, Cazaunau M, Temime-Roussel B, Gratien A, Michoud V, Pangui E, Ravier S, Zielinski AT, Tapparo A, Vermeylen R, Claeys M, Voisin D, Kalberer M, Doussin JF. Cloud Processing of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Isoprene and Methacrolein Photooxidation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7641-7654. [PMID: 28902512 PMCID: PMC5642272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol-cloud interaction contributes to the largest uncertainties in the estimation and interpretation of the Earth's changing energy budget. The present study explores experimentally the impacts of water condensation-evaporation events, mimicking processes occurring in atmospheric clouds, on the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of methacrolein. A range of on- and off-line mass spectrometry techniques were used to obtain a detailed chemical characterization of SOA formed in control experiments in dry conditions, in triphasic experiments simulating gas-particle-cloud droplet interactions (starting from dry conditions and from 60% relative humidity (RH)), and in bulk aqueous-phase experiments. We observed that cloud events trigger fast SOA formation accompanied by evaporative losses. These evaporative losses decreased SOA concentration in the simulation chamber by 25-32% upon RH increase, while aqueous SOA was found to be metastable and slowly evaporated after cloud dissipation. In the simulation chamber, SOA composition measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, did not change during cloud events compared with high RH conditions (RH > 80%). In all experiments, off-line mass spectrometry techniques emphasize the critical role of 2-methylglyceric acid as a major product of isoprene chemistry, as an important contributor to the total SOA mass (15-20%) and as a key building block of oligomers found in the particulate phase. Interestingly, the comparison between the series of oligomers obtained from experiments performed under different conditions show a markedly different reactivity. In particular, long reaction times at high RH seem to create the conditions for aqueous-phase processing to occur in a more efficient manner than during two relatively short cloud events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Monod
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - Lola Brégonzio-Rozier
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | - Aline Gratien
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Michoud
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Reinhilde Vermeylen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magda Claeys
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier Voisin
- Universités
Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR5183,
Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, 38402 Saint Martin
d’Hères, France
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
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29
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Archer-Nicholls S, Archibald A, Arnold S, Bartels-Rausch T, Brown S, Carpenter LJ, Collins W, Conibear L, Doherty R, Dunmore R, Edebeli J, Edwards M, Evans M, Finlayson-Pitts B, Hamilton J, Hastings M, Heald C, Heard D, Kalberer M, Kampf C, Kiendler-Scharr A, Knopf D, Kroll J, Lacey F, Lelieveld J, Marais E, Murphy J, Olawoyin O, Ravishankara A, Reid J, Rudich Y, Shindell D, Unger N, Wahner A, Wallington TJ, Williams J, Young P, Zelenyuk A. The air we breathe: Past, present, and future: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:501-527. [PMID: 28795728 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Archibald A, Arnold S, Bejan L, Brown S, Brüggemann M, Carpenter LJ, Collins W, Evans M, Finlayson-Pitts B, George C, Hastings M, Heard D, Hewitt CN, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Kalberer M, Keutsch F, Kiendler-Scharr A, Knopf D, Lelieveld J, Marais E, Petzold A, Ravishankara A, Reid J, Rovelli G, Scott C, Sherwen T, Shindell D, Tinel L, Unger N, Wahner A, Wallington TJ, Williams J, Young P, Zelenyuk A. Atmospheric chemistry and the biosphere: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:195-228. [PMID: 28795727 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Giorio C, Campbell SJ, Bruschi M, Tampieri F, Barbon A, Toffoletti A, Tapparo A, Paijens C, Wedlake AJ, Grice P, Howe DJ, Kalberer M. Online Quantification of Criegee Intermediates of α-Pinene Ozonolysis by Stabilization with Spin Traps and Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3999-4008. [PMID: 28201872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic alkenes, which are among the most abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, are readily oxidized by ozone. Characterizing the reactivity and kinetics of the first-generation products of these reactions, carbonyl oxides (often named Criegee intermediates), is essential in defining the oxidation pathways of organic compounds in the atmosphere but is highly challenging due to the short lifetime of these zwitterions. Here, we report the development of a novel online method to quantify atmospherically relevant Criegee intermediates (CIs) in the gas phase by stabilization with spin traps and analysis with proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Ozonolysis of α-pinene has been chosen as a proof-of-principle model system. To determine unambiguously the structure of the spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs, the reaction was tested in solution, and reaction products were characterized with high-resolution mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that addition of the Criegee intermediate to the DMPO spin trap, leading to the formation of a six-membered ring adduct, occurs through a very favorable pathway and that the product is significantly more stable than the reactants, supporting the experimental characterization. A flow tube set up has been used to generate spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs in the gas phase. We demonstrate that spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs also form in the gas phase and that they are stable enough to be detected with online mass spectrometry. This new technique offers for the first time a method to characterize highly reactive and atmospherically relevant radical intermediates in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Claudia Paijens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Wedlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Grice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Steimer SS, Kourtchev I, Kalberer M. Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Peroxycarboxylic Acids as Proxies for Reactive Oxygen Species and Highly Oxygenated Molecules in Atmospheric Aerosols. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2873-2879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Steimer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Davidson N, Tong HJ, Kalberer M, Seville PC, Ward AD, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Measurement of the Raman spectra and hygroscopicity of four pharmaceutical aerosols as they travel from pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) to a model lung. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:59-69. [PMID: 28159683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Particle inhalation is an effective and rapid delivery method for a variety of pharmaceuticals, particularly bronchodilation drugs used for treating asthma and COPD. Conditions of relative humidity and temperature inside the lungs are generally very different from the outside ambient air, with the lung typically being warmer and more humid. Changes in humidity, from inhaler to lung, can cause hygroscopic phase transitions and particle growth. Increasing particle size and mass can negatively affect particle deposition within the lung leading to inefficient treatment, while deliquescence prior to impaction is liable to accelerate drug uptake. To better understand the hygroscopic properties of four pharmaceutical aerosol particles; pharmaceutical particles from four commercially available pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) were stably captured in an optical trap, and their composition was examined online via Raman spectroscopy. Micron-sized particles of salbutamol sulfate, salmeterol xinafoate, fluticasone propionate and ciclesonide were levitated and examined over a range of relative humidity values inside a chamber designed to mimic conditions within the respiratory tract. The effect of temperature upon hygroscopicity was also investigated for salbutamol sulfate particles. Salbutamol sulfate was found to have significant hygroscopicity, salmeterol xinafoate showed some hygroscopic interactions, whilst fluticasone propionate and ciclesonide revealed no observable hygroscopicity. Thermodynamic and structural modelling is used to explain the observed experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Davidson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - H-J Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - M Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - P C Seville
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancs, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - A D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M K Kuimova
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - F D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Alpert P, Archibald A, Arnold S, Ashworth K, Brown S, Campbell S, Carpenter LJ, Coe H, Dou J, Edebeli J, Finlayson-Pitts B, Grantham A, Hamilton J, Hastings M, Heard D, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Jones R, Kalberer M, Kiendler-Scharr A, Knopf D, Kroll J, Lelieveld J, Lewis A, Marais E, Marsh A, Moller S, Petzold A, Porter W, Ravishankara A, Reid J, Rickard A, Rovelli G, Rudich Y, Taatjes C, Vaughan A, Wahner A, Wallington TJ, Williams J, Young P, Zelenyuk A. New tools for atmospheric chemistry: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:663-691. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Archibald A, Arnold S, Bartels-Rausch T, Brown S, Caravan R, Carpenter LJ, Chhantyal-Pun R, Coe H, Dou J, Edebeli J, Evans M, Finlayson-Pitts B, George C, Hamilton J, Heald C, Heard D, Hewitt CN, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Jones R, Kalberer M, Kampf C, Kerminen VM, Kiendler-Scharr A, Knopf D, Kroll J, Lelieveld J, Marais E, McGillen M, Mellouki A, Petzold A, Ravishankara A, Rickard A, Rudich Y, Taatjes C, Wahner A, Williams J, Zelenyuk A. Atmospheric chemistry processes: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:353-378. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Geiger F, Pope F, MacKenzie R, Brune W, Monks PS, Bloss W, Fuller G, Moussiopoulos N, Hort M, Tomlin A, Presto A, van Pinxteren D, Vlachou A, Heard D, Hewitt CN, Baltensperger U, Lewis A, Querol X, Kim S, Hamilton J, Sommariva R, McFiggans G, Harrison R, Jimenez JL, Cross E, Wenger J, Pandis S, Kiendler-Scharr A, Donahue NM, Whalley L, McDonald B, Pieber S, Prévôt A, Alam MS, Krishna Kumar N, Wahner A, Skouloudis A, Kalberer M, Wallington T, Dunmore R. Chemical complexity of the urban atmosphere and its consequences: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:137-67. [PMID: 27374019 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd90020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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MacKenzie R, Tomlin A, Kleffmann J, Karl T, Hewitt CN, Heard D, Sartelet K, Sommariva R, Baltensperger U, Harrison R, Madronich S, McFiggans G, Pandis S, Wenger J, Kiendler-Scharr A, Donahue NM, Dunmore R, Doherty R, Moller S, Kilbane-Dawe I, McDonald B, Wahner A, Zhu S, Presto A, Kalberer M, Hort M, Lee J, Nikolova I, Jimenez JL, Whalley L, Alam MS, Skouloudis A. Numerical modelling strategies for the urban atmosphere: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:635-60. [PMID: 27378431 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd90022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brune W, Bloss W, Shi Z, Pope F, Fuller G, Monks PS, Tomlin A, Karl T, Hort M, Mohr C, MacKenzie R, Vlachou A, Tian Z, Kramer LJ, Heard D, Purvis R, Querol X, Baltensperger U, Dunmore R, Harrison R, Murrells T, Jimenez JL, Cross E, McFiggans G, Kiendler-Scharr A, Ho TR, Charron A, Wallington T, Krishna Kumar N, Pieber S, Geiger F, Wahner A, Mitchell E, Prévôt A, Skouloudis A, Kalberer M, McDonald B, Hewitt CN, Sioutas C, Donahue NM, Lee J, van Pinxteren D, Moller S, Minguillón MC, Shafer M, Carslaw D, Ehlers C, Pandis S. Urban case studies: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:473-514. [PMID: 27378323 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd90021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tong H, Kourtchev I, Pant P, Keyte IJ, O'Connor IP, Wenger JC, Pope FD, Harrison RM, Kalberer M. Molecular composition of organic aerosols at urban background and road tunnel sites using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:51-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere is highly complex and strongly influenced by vehicular emissions which vary according to the make-up of the vehicle fleet. Normalized test measurements do not necessarily reflect real-world emission profiles and road tunnels are therefore ideal locations to characterise realistic traffic particle emissions with minimal interference from other particle sources and from atmospheric aging processes affecting their composition. In the current study, the composition of fine particles (diameter ≤2.5 μm) at an urban background site (Elms Road Observatory Site) and a road tunnel (Queensway) in Birmingham, UK, were analysed with direct infusion, nano-electrospray ionisation ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). The overall particle composition at these two sites is compared with an industrial harbour site in Cork, Ireland, with special emphasis on oxidised mono-aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-aromatics. Different classification criteria, such as double bond equivalents, aromaticity index and aromaticity equivalent are used and compared to assess the fraction of aromatic components in the approximately one thousand oxidized organic compounds at the different sampling locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Pallavi Pant
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian J. Keyte
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian P. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - John C. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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Athanasiadis A, Fitzgerald C, Davidson NM, Giorio C, Botchway SW, Ward AD, Kalberer M, Pope FD, Kuimova MK. Dynamic viscosity mapping of the oxidation of squalene aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30385-30393. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic viscosity of squalene-based organic aerosol undergoing atmospherically relevant oxidation is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas M. Davidson
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Science
- University of Birmingham
- Edgbaston
- UK
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxon OX11 0QX
- UK
| | - Andrew D. Ward
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxon OX11 0QX
- UK
| | | | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Science
- University of Birmingham
- Edgbaston
- UK
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41
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Fitzgerald C, Hosny NA, Tong H, Seville PC, Gallimore PJ, Davidson NM, Athanasiadis A, Botchway SW, Ward AD, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of optically levitated aerosol: a technique to quantitatively map the viscosity of suspended aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21710-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A technique to measure the viscosity of stably levitated single micron-sized aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - N. A. Hosny
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - H. Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - P. C. Seville
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Central Lancashire
- Preston
- UK
| | | | - N. M. Davidson
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | | | - S. W. Botchway
- The Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - A. D. Ward
- The Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - M. Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - M. K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - F. D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
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42
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Tang MJ, Whitehead J, Davidson NM, Pope FD, Alfarra MR, McFiggans G, Kalberer M. Cloud condensation nucleation activities of calcium carbonate and its atmospheric ageing products. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32194-203. [PMID: 26578034 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol particles can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to form cloud droplets, and its composition is a main factor governing whether an aerosol particle is an effective CCN. Pure mineral dust particles are poor CCN; however, changes in chemical composition of mineral dust aerosol particles, due to heterogeneous reactions with reactive trace gases in the troposphere, can modify their CCN properties. In this study we investigated the CCN activities of CaCO3 (as a surrogate for mineral dust) and its six atmospheric ageing products: Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2, CaSO4, Ca(CH3SO3)2, Ca(HCOO)2, and Ca(CH3COO)2. CaCO3 has a very low CCN activity with a hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of 0.001-0.003. The CCN activities of its potential atmospheric ageing products are significantly higher. For example, we determined that Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2 and Ca(HCOO)2 have κ values of ∼0.50, similar to that of (NH4)2SO4. Ca(CH3COO)2 has slightly lower CCN activity with a κ value of ∼0.40, and the κ value of CaSO4 is around 0.02. We further show that exposure of CaCO3 particles to N2O5 at 0% relative humidity (RH) significantly enhances their CCN activity, with κ values increasing to around 0.02-0.04. Within the experimental uncertainties, it appears that the variation in exposure to N2O5 from ∼550 to 15,000 ppbv s does not change the CCN activities of aged CaCO3 particles. This observation indicates that the CaCO3 surface may be already saturated at the shortest exposure. We also discussed the atmospheric implications of our study, and suggested that the rate of change in CCN activities of mineral dust particles in the troposphere is important to determine their roles in cloud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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43
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Hosny NA, Fitzgerald C, Vyšniauskas A, Athanasiadis A, Berkemeier T, Uygur N, Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M, Kalberer M, Pope FD, Kuimova MK. Direct imaging of changes in aerosol particle viscosity upon hydration and chemical aging. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1357-1367. [PMID: 29910892 PMCID: PMC5975791 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report quantitative, real-time, online observations of microscopic viscosity changes in aerosol particles of atmospherically relevant composition, using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of viscosity.
Organic aerosol particles (OA) play major roles in atmospheric chemistry, climate, and public health. Aerosol particle viscosity is highly important since it can determine the ability of chemical species such as oxidants, organics or water to diffuse into the particle bulk. Recent measurements indicate that OA may be present in highly viscous states, however, diffusion rates of small molecules such as water are not limited by these high viscosities. Direct observational evidence of kinetic barriers caused by high viscosity and low diffusivity in aerosol particles were not available until recently; and techniques that are able to dynamically quantify and track viscosity changes during atmospherically relevant processes are still unavailable for atmospheric aerosols. Here we report quantitative, real-time, online observations of microscopic viscosity changes in aerosol particles of atmospherically relevant composition, using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of viscosity. We show that microviscosity in ozonated oleic acid droplets and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles formed by ozonolysis of myrcene increases substantially with decreasing humidity and atmospheric oxidative aging processes. Furthermore, we found unexpected heterogeneities of microviscosity inside individual aerosol particles. The results of this study enhance our understanding of organic aerosol processes on microscopic scales and may have important implications for the modeling of atmospheric aerosol growth, composition and interactions with trace gases and clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hosny
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - A Vyšniauskas
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - A Athanasiadis
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - T Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - N Uygur
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - U Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - M Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner Weg 1 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - M Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - F D Pope
- School of Geography , Earth and Environmental Science , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - M K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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Giorio C, Moyroud E, Glover BJ, Skelton PC, Kalberer M. Direct Surface Analysis Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Reveals Heterogeneous Composition of the Cuticle of Hibiscus trionum Petals. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9900-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley J. Glover
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C. Skelton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Künzi L, Krapf M, Daher N, Dommen J, Jeannet N, Schneider S, Platt S, Slowik JG, Baumlin N, Salathe M, Prévôt ASH, Kalberer M, Strähl C, Dümbgen L, Sioutas C, Baltensperger U, Geiser M. Toxicity of aged gasoline exhaust particles to normal and diseased airway epithelia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11801. [PMID: 26119831 PMCID: PMC4484354 DOI: 10.1038/srep11801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a leading cause of premature death, particularly in those with pre-existing lung disease. A causative link between particle properties and adverse health effects remains unestablished mainly due to complex and variable physico-chemical PM parameters. Controlled laboratory experiments are required. Generating atmospherically realistic aerosols and performing cell-exposure studies at relevant particle-doses are challenging. Here we examine gasoline-exhaust particle toxicity from a Euro-5 passenger car in a uniquely realistic exposure scenario, combining a smog chamber simulating atmospheric ageing, an aerosol enrichment system varying particle number concentration independent of particle chemistry, and an aerosol deposition chamber physiologically delivering particles on air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures reproducing normal and susceptible health status. Gasoline-exhaust is an important PM source with largely unknown health effects. We investigated acute responses of fully-differentiated normal, distressed (antibiotics-treated) normal, and cystic fibrosis human bronchial epithelia (HBE), and a proliferating, single-cell type bronchial epithelial cell-line (BEAS-2B). We show that a single, short-term exposure to realistic doses of atmospherically-aged gasoline-exhaust particles impairs epithelial key-defence mechanisms, rendering it more vulnerable to subsequent hazards. We establish dose-response curves at realistic particle-concentration levels. Significant differences between cell models suggest the use of fully-differentiated HBE is most appropriate in future toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Künzi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Krapf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Daher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Jeannet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Platt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care &Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care &Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christof Strähl
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Dümbgen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Geiser
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Tong HJ, Fitzgerald C, Gallimore PJ, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Seville PC, Ward AD, Pope FD. Rapid interrogation of the physical and chemical characteristics of salbutamol sulphate aerosol from a pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15499-502. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05803h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tang MJ, Camp JCJ, Rkiouak L, McGregor J, Watson IM, Cox RA, Kalberer M, Ward AD, Pope FD. Heterogeneous Interaction of SiO2 with N2O5: Aerosol Flow Tube and Single Particle Optical Levitation–Raman Spectroscopy Studies. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8817-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom
| | - J. C. J. Camp
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - L. Rkiouak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - J. McGregor
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - I. M. Watson
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom
| | - R. A. Cox
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - M. Kalberer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - A. D. Ward
- Central
Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F. D. Pope
- School
of
Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston,
Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Hosny NA, Fitzgerald C, Tong C, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Fluorescent lifetime imaging of atmospheric aerosols: a direct probe of aerosol viscosity. Faraday Discuss 2014; 165:343-56. [PMID: 24601010 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of atmospheric aerosol particles affects a number of key physical and chemical particle properties, such as composition and reactivity. However, determination of the microscopic viscosity of aerosol particles is a non-trivial task. We report a new method of imaging viscosity in a variety of model aerosol systems, based on a fluorescence lifetime determination of viscosity-sensitive fluorophores termed molecular rotors. We report the viscosity changes associated with the relative humidity dependent hygroscopicity of NaCI and sucrose aerosols, as well as reaction dependent changes in viscosity during ozonolysis of oleic acid aerosols. The Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of molecular rotors shows great promise in understanding important fundamental aerosol properties, which can be both time-dependent and spatially variable through the aerosol particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Hosny
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Changlun Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
Inhalation of ambient air particles or engineered nanoparticles (NP) handled as powders, dispersions or sprays in industrial processes and contained in consumer products pose a potential and largely unknown risk for incidental exposure. For efficient, economical and ethically sound evaluation of health hazards by inhaled nanomaterials, animal-free and realistic in vitro test systems are desirable. The new Nano Aerosol Chamber for in-vitro Toxicity studies (NACIVT) has been developed and fully characterized regarding its performance. NACIVT features a computer-controlled temperature and humidity conditioning, preventing cellular stress during exposure and allowing long-term exposures. Airborne NP are deposited out of a continuous air stream simultaneously on up to 24 cell cultures on Transwell® inserts, allowing high-throughput screening. In NACIVT, polystyrene as well as silver particles were deposited uniformly and efficiently on all 24 Transwell® inserts. Particle-cell interaction studies confirmed that deposited particles reach the cell surface and can be taken up by cells. As demonstrated in control experiments, there was no evidence for any adverse effects on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) due to the exposure treatment in NACIVT. The new, fully integrated and transportable deposition chamber NACIVT provides a promising tool for reliable, acute and sub-acute dose-response studies of (nano)particles in air-exposed tissues cultured at the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jeannet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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