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Wang Q, Du W, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Xie C, Zhao J, Xu W, Tang G, Fu P, Wang Z, Sun Y, Peng L. Characteristics of sub-micron aerosols above the urban canopy in Beijing during warm seasons. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171989. [PMID: 38547971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of atmospheric pollution above the urban canopy in warm seasons, the characteristics of sub-micron aerosol (PM1) was studied based on high-altitude observations at the Beijing 325 m meteorological tower. The PM1 at 260 m was 34, 29 and 21 μg m-3 in May 2015, June 2015, and June 2017, respectively, indicating a reduction in PM1 pollution above the urban canopy. Meanwhile, an overall decrease was also observed in the concentrations of all PM1 chemical species (excluding Chl and BC) and organic aerosol (OA) factors. Previous instances of heavy haze in Beijing often coincided with high humidity and stagnant weather conditions. However, the heightened pollution episodes in June 2017 were accompanied by high wind speeds and low relative humidity. Compared to May 2015, the contribution of secondary components to PM1 in June 2017 was more prominent, with the total proportion of SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) and more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) to PM1 increased by approximately 10 %. Secondary species of NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, and MO-OOA, as well as black carbon, collectively contributed the vast majority of aerosol extinction coefficient (bext), with the four species contributing a total of ≥96 % to bext at 260 m. Hydrocarbon-like OA, cooking OA, and less-oxidized oxygenated OA have undergone significant reductions, so continued emphasis on controlling local sources to reduce these three aerosol species and addressing regional sources to further mitigate overall aerosol species is imperative. In lower pollution situation, the diurnal variation of PM was smoother, and its pollution sources were more regionally uniform, which might be attributed to the reduced diversity and complexity in the physical and chemical processes in air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Conghui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Laboratory of Gas Instrument Testing, Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Tong H, Han J, Fu P, Huang RJ, Zhang H, Hoffmann T. Molecular-Level Insights into the Relationship between Volatility of Organic Aerosol Constituents and PM 2.5 Air Pollution Levels: A Study with Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38676647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Volatility of organic aerosols (OAs) significantly influences new particle formation and the occurrence of particulate air pollution. However, the relationship between the volatility of OA and the level of particulate air pollution (i.e., particulate matter concentration) is not well understood. In this study, we compared the chemical composition (identified by an ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer) and volatility (estimated based on a predeveloped parametrization method) of OAs in urban PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) samples from seven German and Chinese cities, where the PM2.5 concentration ranged from a light (14 μg m-3) to heavy (319 μg m-3) pollution level. A large fraction (71-98%) of compounds in PM2.5 samples were attributable to intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The fraction of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) and extremely low-volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) decreased from clean (28%) to heavily polluted urban regions (2%), while that of IVOCs increased from 34 to 62%. We found that the average peak area-weighted volatility of organic compounds in different cities showed a logarithmic correlation with the average PM2.5 concentration, indicating that the volatility of urban OAs increases with the increase of air pollution level. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between OA volatility and PM pollution levels and deepen the understanding of urban air pollutant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Haijie Tong
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Jiajun Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute for Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
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3
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You B, Zhang Z, Du A, Li Y, Sun J, Li Z, Chen C, Zhou W, Xu W, Lei L, Fu P, Hou S, Li P, Sun Y. Seasonal characterization of chemical and optical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol in Beijing. Sci Total Environ 2024; 930:172508. [PMID: 38642752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) plays a crucial role in altering radiative forcing and impacting human health. However, our understanding of the seasonal variations of WSOA in Chinese megacities after the three-year clean air action plan is limited. In this study, we analyzed PM2.5 filter samples collected over one year (2020-2021) in Beijing to characterize the seasonal changes in the chemical and optical properties of WSOA using an offline aerosol mass spectrometer along with spectroscopy techniques. The mean mass concentration of WSOA during the observation period was 8.84 ± 7.12 μg m-3, constituting approximately 64-67 % of OA. Our results indicate the contribution of secondary OA (SOA) increased by 13-28 % due to a substantial reduction in primary emissions after the clean air action plan. The composition of WSOA exhibited pronounced seasonal variations, with a predominant contribution from less oxidized SOA in summer (61 %) and primary OA originating from coal combustion and biomass burning during the heating season (34 %). The mass absorption efficiency of WSOA at 365 nm in winter was nearly twice that in summer, suggesting that WSOA from primary emissions possesses a stronger light-absorbing capability than SOA. On average, water-soluble brown carbon accounted for 33-48 % of total brown carbon absorption. Fluorescence analysis revealed humic-like substances as the most significant fluorescence component of WSOA, constituting 82 %. Furthermore, both absorption and fluorescence chromophores were associated with nitrogen-containing compounds, highlighting the role of nitrogen-containing species in influencing the optical properties of WSOA. The results are important for chemical transport models to accurately simulate the WSOA and its climate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aodong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Wu L, Wang P, Zhang Q, Ren H, Shi Z, Hu W, Chen J, Xie Q, Li L, Yue S, Wei L, Song L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen S, Wei W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Kong S, Ge B, Yang T, Fang Y, Ren L, Deng J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu J, Liu CQ, Harrison RM, Ying Q, Fu P. Dominant contribution of combustion-related ammonium during haze pollution in Beijing. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:978-987. [PMID: 38242834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol ammonium (NH4+), mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia (NH3) with acids in the atmosphere, has significant impacts on air pollution, radiative forcing, and human health. Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH4+ can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements. However, the sources of NH3 in urban areas are not well understood, and few studies focus on NH3/NH4+ at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH4+. In this study, we perform both field observation and modeling studies (the Community Multiscale Air Quality, CMAQ) to investigate regional NH3 emission sources and vertically resolved NH4+ formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing. Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH3 emissions, including fossil fuel sources, NH3 slip, and biomass burning, are important sources of aerosol NH4+ with more than 60% contribution occurring on heavily polluted days. In contrast, volatilization-related NH3 sources (livestock breeding, N-fertilizer application, and human waste) are dominant on clean days. Combustion-related NH3 is mostly local from Beijing, and biomass burning is likely an important NH3 source (∼15%-20%) that was previously overlooked. More effective control strategies such as the two-product (e.g., reducing both SO2 and NH3) control policy should be considered to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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5
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Han H, Du H, Chen S, Xu Y, Ren L, Chen Y, Cai Y, Wang K, Yang X, Fu M, Ding Y, Fu P. Chemodiversity of organic nitrogen emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles is governed by engine displacements and driving speed. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170792. [PMID: 38336060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) is believed to play a pivotal role in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in urban environments. Here, the characterization of organic nitrogen emitted by LDGVs with varying engine displacements at different speed phases was analyzed using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) at molecular level. For the LDGV with small engine displacements, the nitrogen-containing organic (CHON) compounds exhibit higher abundance, molecular weight, oxygen content and aromaticity in the extra-high-speed phase. Conversely, for the LDGV with big engine displacements, more CHON compounds with elevated abundance, molecular weight, oxygen content and aromaticity were observed in the low-speed phase. Our study assumed that the formation of CHON compounds emitted from LDGVs is mainly the oxidation reaction during fuel combustion, so the potential precursor-product pairs related to oxidation process were used to study the degree of combustion reaction. The results show that the highest proportion of oxidation occurs during extra-high-speed phase for LDGV with small engine displacements, and during low-speed phase for LDGV with big engine displacements. These results offer a novel perspective for comprehending the mechanism behind vehicle emissions formation and contribute valuable insights for crafting effective air pollution regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Lihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yeguang Cai
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Mingliang Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Qi YT, Zhang FL, Tian SY, Wu HQ, Zhao Y, Zhang XW, Liu YL, Fu P, Amatore C, Huang WH. Nanosensor detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leakage in frustrated phagocytosis of nanofibres. Nat Nanotechnol 2024; 19:524-533. [PMID: 38172432 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to widely used inert fibrous nanomaterials (for example, glass fibres or carbon nanotubes) may result in asbestos-like lung pathologies, becoming an important environmental and health concern. However, the origin of the pathogenesis of such fibres has not yet been clearly established. Here we report an electrochemical nanosensor that is used to monitor and quantitatively characterize the flux and dynamics of reactive species release during the frustrated phagocytosis of glass nanofibres by single macrophages. We show the existence of an intense prolonged release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by single macrophages near their phagocytic cups. This continued massive leakage of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species damages peripheral cells and eventually translates into chronic inflammation and lung injury, as seen during in vitro co-culture and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Li Y, Li X, Wu L, Shi L, Wang S, Fu P, Zhang Y, Lai S. Analysis of amino acid enantiomers in ambient aerosols: Effects and removal of coexistent aerosol matrix. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:732-740. [PMID: 37980055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) including D- and L- enantiomers are a group of organic nitrogen species in ambient aerosol. Due to the low abundances of AAs (level of ng/m3) and the matrix effects by coexistent components, it is challenging to quantify AA enantiomers in ambient aerosols especially under pollution conditions. In this study, we present an optimized method for analyzing AA enantiomers in atmospheric aerosol samples including a pretreatment process and the detection by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Matrix effects caused by coexistent chemicals on AA enantiomers analysis in ambient aerosol samples were investigated especially for those collected in pollution episodes. The results revealed that the determination of AA enantiomers is significantly affected by the coexistent organic carbon (as a proxy of organic matter) and water-soluble ion of NH4+. To remove the matrix effects, we applied a pretreatment using the solid phase extraction column coupled with alkaline adjustment to sample extract. After pretreatment, 18 AAs including 6 pairs of D- and L-enantiomers (i.e., leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, serine, and aspartic acid) can be successfully separated and quantified in aerosol samples by HPLC-FLD. The recoveries are in the range of 67%-106%. This method was successfully applied to the urban aerosol samples from pollution and non-pollution periods for AA enantiomers determination. We suggest that the concentrations of D-AAs and the ratio of D-AA/L-AA are indicative of the contribution of bacterial sources and the influence of biomass burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luhan Shi
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; now at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 00852, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Yao W, Qi Y, Han Y, Ge J, Dong Y, Wang J, Yi Y, Volmer DA, Li SL, Fu P. Seasonal variation and dissolved organic matter influence on the distribution, transformation, and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in coastal zone: A case study of Tianjin, China. Water Res 2024; 249:120881. [PMID: 38016225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have raised urgent environmental issues. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a pivotal role on PPCPs' migration and transformation. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and distribution of PPCPs, a seasonal sampling focused on the riverine system in coastal zone, Tianjin, Bohai Rim was conducted. The distribution and transformation of thirty-three PPCPs and their interaction with DOM were investigated, and their sources and ecological risks were further evaluated. The total concentration of PPCPs ranges from 0.01 to 197.20 μg/L, and such value is affected by regional temperature, DOM and land use types. PPCPs migration at soil-water interface is controlled by temperature, sunlight, water flow and DOM. PPCPs have a high affinity to the protein-like DOM, while the humus-like DOM plays a negative influence and facilitates PPCPs' degradation. It is also found that protein-like DOM can represent point source pollution, while humus-like substances indicate non-point source (NPS) emission. Specific PPCPs can be used as markers to trace the source of domestic discharge. Additionally, daily use PPCPs such as ketoprofen, caffeine and iopromide are estimated to be the main risk substances, and their ecological risk varies on space, season and river hydraulic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Yao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yufu Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
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9
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Wang H, Li J, Wu T, Ma T, Wei L, Zhang H, Yang X, Munger JW, Duan FK, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Fu P, McElroy MB, Song S. Model Simulations and Predictions of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China: Roles of Aqueous Aerosols and Atmospheric Acidity. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1589-1600. [PMID: 38154035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) has been found to be an abundant organosulfur aerosol compound in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region with a measured maximum daily mean concentration of up to 10 μg per cubic meter in winter. However, the production medium of HMS in aerosols is controversial, and it is unknown whether chemical transport models are able to capture the variations of HMS during individual haze events. In this work, we modify the parametrization of HMS chemistry in the nested-grid GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, whose simulations provide a good account of the field measurements during winter haze episodes. We find the contribution of the aqueous aerosol pathway to total HMS is about 36% in winter in Beijing, due primarily to the enhancement effect of the ionic strength on the rate constants of the reaction between dissolved formaldehyde and sulfite. Our simulations suggest that the HMS-to-inorganic sulfate ratio will increase from the baseline of 7% to 13% in the near future, given the ambitious clean air and climate mitigation policies for the BTH region. The more rapid reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx compared to NH3 alter the atmospheric acidity, which is a critical factor leading to the rising importance of HMS in particulate sulfur species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - J William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Feng-Kui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Michael B McElroy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shaojie Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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10
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Fu QL, Chen C, Liu Y, Fujii M, Fu P. FT-ICR MS Spectral Improvement of Dissolved Organic Matter by the Absorption Mode: A Comparison of the Electrospray Ionization in Positive-Ion and Negative-Ion Modes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:522-530. [PMID: 38127714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in the absorption mode has a superior performance over the conventional magnitude mode. However, this improved performance for the analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in negative-ion and positive-ion modes of electrospray ionization [ESI(-) and ESI(+), respectively] remains unknown. This study systemically compared the improved performance by the absorption mode for DOM FT-ICR MS spectra acquired with the low-field and high-field magnet instruments between two charge modes. The absorption mode enhanced the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio values of DOM peaks with factors of 1.88-1.94 and 1.60-1.72, respectively. The significantly higher improvement of mass resolution for the ESI(+) mode than that for the ESI(-) mode could resolve the extensive occurrence of mass doublets in the ESI(+) mode, yielding some formulas exclusively identified in the ESI(+) mode. The findings of this study have systemically demonstrated the superiority of the absorption mode in improving the spectra quality during the routine FT-ICR MS postdata analysis and highlighted its great potential in characterizing the molecular composition of DOM using the FT-ICR MS technique in both ESI(-) and ESI(+) modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Zhang W, Hu W, Zhu Q, Niu M, An N, Feng Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. Hydroxy fatty acids in the surface Earth system. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167358. [PMID: 37793460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous and highly abundant in a wide range of organisms and have been found in various types of environmental media. These molecules play a crucial role as organic tracers by providing a chemical perspective on viewing the material world, as well as offering a wealth of information on metabolic activities. Among the diverse lipid compounds, hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) with one to multiple hydroxyl groups attached to the carbon chain stand out as important biomarkers for different sources of organic matter. HFAs are widespread in nature and are involved in biotransformation and oxidation processes in living organisms. The unique chemical and physical properties attributed to the hydroxyl group make HFAs ideal biomarkers in biomedicine and environmental toxicology, as well as organic geochemistry. The molecular distribution patterns of HFAs can be unique and diagnostic for a given class of organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Thus, HFAs can act as a valuable proxy for understanding the ecological relationships between different organisms and their environment. Furthermore, HFAs have numerous industrial applications due to their higher reactivity, viscosity, and solvent miscibility. This review paper integrates the latest research on the sources and chemical analyses of HFAs, as well as their applications in industrial/medicinal production and as biomarkers in environmental studies. This review article also provides insights into the biogeochemical cycles of HFAs in the surface Earth system, highlighting the importance of these compounds in understanding the complex interactions between living organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Quanfei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mutong Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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12
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Hu Y, Kong S, Cheng Y, Shen G, Liu D, Wang S, Guo L, Fu P. Identification and Parametrization of Key Factors Affecting Levoglucosan Emission During Solid Fuel Burning. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20043-20052. [PMID: 37992316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (LG) is a pyrolysis product of cellulose and hemicellulose at low combustion temperatures. However, LG release cannot be determined only by considering the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose exclusively due to the complexity of combustion processes and the physical-chemical properties of the fuel. This study detected the emission factors (EFs) of LG from 22 different solid fuel samples (including coal and biomass) by considering 18 different fuel properties and five combustion parameters. The average LGEFs during solid fuel burning varied in a range of 0.03-136 mg kg-1, with a magnitude difference of 1-4 orders. While the variations in cellulose (59.5-368 mg g-1) and hemicellulose (73.5-165 mg g-1) contents of fuel samples were only one- to 6-fold. A short combustion duration (<150 min) and a medium combustion temperature (200-400 °C) influenced by volatile and ash contents are crucial for the generation and accumulation of LG. A random forest coupled with the Akaike information criterion stepwise regression model successfully explained 96% of the total LG emission variation using three variables (ash content, cellulose content, and modified combustion efficiency). The ash content promoted coke formation and LG chain cracking by increasing the pyrolysis temperature and is considered the most important factor. The alkali metal in ash can reduce the energy barrier of intramolecular ring contraction reactions and inhibit the dehydration reactions, which led to additional heat being utilized by the competitive pathways of LG formation. This study provided a method to address the parametrization and release mechanisms of combustion source emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Limin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Sheng M, Chen S, Liu CQ, Fu Q, Zhang D, Hu W, Deng J, Wu L, Li P, Yan Z, Zhu YG, Fu P. Spatial and molecular variations in forest topsoil dissolved organic matter as revealed by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:165099. [PMID: 37379928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils cover about 30 % of the Earth's land surface and play a fundamental role in the global cycle of organic matter. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest active pool of terrestrial carbon, is essential for soil development, microbial metabolism and nutrient cycling. However, forest soil DOM is a highly complex mixture of tens of thousands of individual compounds, which is largely composed of organic matter from primary producers, residues from microbial process and the corresponding chemical reactions. Therefore, we need a detailed picture of molecular composition in forest soil, especially the pattern of large-scale spatial distribution, which can help us understand the role of DOM in the carbon cycle. To explore the spatial and molecular variations of DOM in forest soil, we choose six major forest reserves located in different latitudes ranging in China, which were investigated by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results show that aromatic-like molecules are preferentially enriched in DOM at high latitude forest soils, while aliphatic/peptide-like, carbohydrate-like, and unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules are preferentially enriched in DOM at low latitude forest soils, besides, lignin-like compounds account for the highest proportion in all forest soil DOM. High latitude forest soils have higher aromatic equivalents and aromatic indices than low latitude forest soils, which suggest that organic matter at higher latitude forest soils preferentially contain plant-derived ingredients and are refractory to degradation while microbially derived carbon is dominant in organic matter at low latitudes. Besides, we found that CHO and CHON compounds make up the majority in all forest soil samples. Finally, we visualized the complexity and diversity of soil organic matter molecules through network analysis. Our study provides a molecular-level understanding of forest soil organic matter at large scales, which may contribute to the conservation and utilization of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qinglong Fu
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ping Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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14
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Wang Z, Tian L, Zhao C, Du C, Zhang J, Sun F, Tekleab TZ, Wei R, Fu P, Gooddy DC, Guo Q. Source partitioning using phosphate oxygen isotopes and multiple models in a large catchment. Water Res 2023; 244:120382. [PMID: 37660467 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus (P) loadings cause major pollution concerns in large catchments. Quantifying the point and nonpoint P sources of large catchments is essential for catchment P management. Although phosphate oxygen isotopes (δ18O(PO4)) can reveal P sources and P cycling in catchments, quantifying multiple P sources in a whole catchment should be a research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively identify the proportions of multiple potential end members in a typical large catchment (the Yangtze River Catchment) by combining the phosphate oxygen isotopes, land use type, mixed end-element model, and a Bayesian model. The δ18O(PO4) values of river water varied spatially from 4.9‰ to18.3‰ in the wet season and 6.0‰ to 20.9‰ in the dry season. Minor seasonal differences but obvious spatial changes in δ18O(PO4) values could illustrate how human activity changed the functioning of the system. The results of isotopic mass balance and the Bayesian model confirmed that controlling agricultural P from fertilizers was the key to achieving P emission reduction goals by reducing P inputs. Additionally, the effective rural domestic sewage treatment, development of composting technology, and resource utilization of phosphogypsum waste could also contribute to catchment P control. P sources in catchment ecosystems can be assessed by coupling an isotope approach and multiple-models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changqiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenjun Du
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Teklit Zerizghi Tekleab
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Lei S, Ge B, Liu H, Quan J, Xu D, Zhang Y, Yao W, Lei L, Tian Y, Liao Q, Liu X, Li J, Xin J, Sun Y, Fu P, Cao J, Wang Z, Pan X. Refractory black carbon aerosols in rainwater in the summer of 2019 in Beijing: Mass concentration, size distribution and wet scavenging ratio. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 132:31-42. [PMID: 37336608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosols in the atmosphere play a significant role in climate systems due to their strong ability to absorb solar radiation. The lifetime of BC depends on atmospheric transport, aging and consequently on wet scavenging processes (in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging). In this study, sequential rainwater samples in eight rainfall events collected in 2 mm interval were measured by a tandem system including a single particle soot photometer (SP2) and a nebulizer. The results showed that the volume-weighted average (VWA) mass concentrations of refractory black carbon (rBC) in each rainfall event varied, ranging from 10.8 to 78.9 µg/L. The highest rBC concentrations in the rainwater samples typically occurred in the first fraction from individual rainfall events. The geometric mean median mass-equivalent diameter (MMD) decreased under precipitation, indicating that rBC with larger sizes was relatively aged and preferentially removed by wet scavenging. A positive correlation (R2 = 0.73) between the VWA mass concentrations of rBC in rainwater and that in ambient air suggested the important contribution of scavenging process. Additionally, the contributions of in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging were distinguished and accounted for 74% and 26% to wet scavenging, respectively. The scavenging ratio of rBC particles was estimated to be 0.06 on average. This study provides helpful information for better understanding the mechanism of rBC wet scavenging and reducing the uncertainty of numerical simulations of the climate effects of rBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiannong Quan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Danhui Xu
- National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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16
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Zhang XY, Han W, Lyu ZH, Zhao HY, Fu P, Zhao CJ. [Research progress of FAPI PET/CT in the diagnosis of malignant liver tumors]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:664-667. [PMID: 37400396 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230313-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant liver tumors have a high incidence and mortality rate. Therefore, it is of great significance to promptly learn about tumor advancement status through relevant examinations for patients' follow-up, diagnosis, and therapy as well as the improvement of the five-year survival rate. The primary lesions and intrahepatic metastases of malignant liver tumors have been better demonstrated in the clinical study with the use of various isotope-labeled fibroblast activating protein inhibitors because of their low uptake in liver tissues and high tumor/background ratio, which provides a new method for early diagnosis, precise staging, and radionuclide therapy. In light of this context, a review of the research progress of fibroblast-activating protein inhibitors for the diagnosis of liver malignant tumors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - W Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Z H Lyu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - H Y Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - P Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - C J Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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17
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Hu C, Xu H, Shi S, Lan J, Zhou K, Zhang J, Song Y, Wang J, Fu P. Sedimentary organic matter molecular composition reveals the eutrophication of the past 500 years in Lake Daihai, Inner Mongolia. Environ Res 2023; 227:115753. [PMID: 36965811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lake eutrophication seriously threatens water quality and human health. Under continuous global warming and intensified human activity, increasing attention is being paid to how lake trophic status responds to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Based on the sedimentary organic matter (SOM) molecular composition determined by the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) technology, and combined with the SOM stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15Norg), we studied how lake trophic status and ecology respond to both climatic changes and anthropogenic impacts of the past 500 yrs at Lake Daihai, Inner Mongolia. The results show that the relative abundance of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in lake sediments kept relatively low before AD ∼1850, and increased gradually thereafter, especially after AD ∼1950, suggesting that the lake trophic status was low before AD ∼1850, but obviously increased during the past one more century. On the other hand, the relative abundance of allochthonous condensed aromatics and vascular plant-derived polyphenols compounds gradually decreased after AD ∼1850, which is most likely due to the intensified land-use changes in the catchment. Our results show that the SOM molecular composition is more sensitive to trace the land-use changes than the δ15Norg ratios, suggesting a potential use of this technique to trace even earlier human land uses (e.g., during the prehistorical times) in a catchment. The results of this study suggest that intensified land-use change, increased discharges of human sewage and industrial wastewater, cropland runoff, and concentrated effects caused by lake level drops may have combinedly increased nutrient concentration and accelerated lake eutrophication at Lake Daihai. Therefore, proper policy is necessary to slow down anthropogenic impacts and limit further eutrophication for lakes like Lake Daihai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukun Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Siwei Shi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jianghu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Kang'en Zhou
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yunping Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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18
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Liu D, Xu S, Lang Y, Hou S, Wei L, Pan X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Kawamura K, Fu P. Size distributions of molecular markers for biogenic secondary organic aerosol in urban Beijing. Environ Pollut 2023; 327:121569. [PMID: 37028792 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To understand the source, formation, and seasonality of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA), a nine-stage cascade impactor was utilized to collect size-segregated particulate samples from April 2017 to January 2018 in Beijing, China. BSOA tracers derived from isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene were measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isoprene and monoterpene SOA tracers exhibited significant seasonal variations, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum. Dominance of 2-methyltetrols (isoprene SOA tracers) with a good correlation with levoglucosan (a biomass burning tracer), which was combined with the detection of methyltartaric acids (possible indicators for aged isoprene) in summer, implies possible biomass burning and long-range transport. In contrast, sesquiterpene SOA tracer (β-caryophyllinic acid) was dominant in winter and was probably associated with the local burning of biomass. Bimodal size distributions were observed for most isoprene SOA tracers, consistent with previous laboratory experiments and field studies showing that they can be formed not only in the aerosol phase but also in the gas phase. Monoterpene SOA tracers cis-pinonic acid and pinic acid showed a coarse-mode peak (5.8-9.0 μm) in four seasons due to their volatile nature. Sesquiterpene SOA tracer β-caryophyllinic acid showed a unimodal pattern with a major fine-mode peak (1.1-2.1 μm), which is linked to local biomass burning. The tracer-yield method was used to quantify the contributions of isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene to secondary organic carbon (SOC) and SOA. The highest isoprene SOC and SOA concentrations occurred in summer (2.00 μgC m-3 and 4.93 μg m-3, respectively), contributing to 1.61% of OC and 5.22% of PM2.5, respectively. These results suggest that BSOA tracers are promising tracers for understanding the source, formation, and seasonality of BSOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Mu Z, Niu X, George C, Wang X, Huang R, Ma Y, Pu W, Qi Y, Fu P, Deng J, Ma C, Hu N, Li X, Wang X. Corrigendum to "Accumulation of dissolved organic matter in the transition from fresh to aged seasonal snow in an industrial city in NE China" [Sci. Total Environ. 857 (2023) 159337]. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162671. [PMID: 36905920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rujin Huang
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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20
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Wan X, Fu P, Kang S, Kawamura K, Wu G, Li Q, Gao S, Cong Z. Organic aerosols in the inland Tibetan Plateau: New insights from molecular tracers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 884:163797. [PMID: 37121327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols affect the radiative forcing of the global climate and cloud properties. Organic aerosols are among the most important, yet least understood, components of the sensitive Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. Here, the concentration of and the seasonal and diurnal variations in biomass burning and biogenic aerosols, and their contribution to organic aerosols in the inland Tibetan Plateau were investigated using molecular tracers. Biomass burning tracers including levoglucosan and its isomers, and aromatic acids showed higher concentrations during winter than in summer. Molecular tracers of primary and secondary biogenic organic aerosols were more abundant during summer than those in winter. Meteorological conditions were the main factors influencing diurnal variations in most organic molecular tracers during both seasons. According to the tracer-based method, we found that biogenic secondary organic aerosols (38.5 %) and fungal spores (14.4 %) were the two dominant contributors to organic aerosols during summer, whereas biomass burning (15.4 %) was an important aerosol source during winter at remote continental background site. Results from the positive matrix factor source apportionment also demonstrate the importance of biomass burning and biogenic aerosols in the inland Tibetan Plateau. During winter, the long-range transport of biomass burning from South Asia contributes to organic aerosols. In contrast, the precursors, biogenic secondary organic aerosols, and fungal spores from local emissions/long-range transport are the major sources of organic aerosols during summer. Further investigation is required to distinguish between local emissions and the long-range transport of organic aerosols. In-depth insights into the organic aerosols in the Tibetan Plateau are expected to reduce the uncertainties when evaluating aerosol effects on the climate system in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute of Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Guangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Wildfire Research Center, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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21
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Zhu T, Tang M, Gao M, Bi X, Cao J, Che H, Chen J, Ding A, Fu P, Gao J, Gao Y, Ge M, Ge X, Han Z, He H, Huang RJ, Huang X, Liao H, Liu C, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SC, Lu K, Ma Q, Nie W, Shao M, Song Y, Sun Y, Tang X, Wang T, Wang T, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Yin Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng M, Zhu B, Zhu J. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the "Air Pollution Complex". Adv Atmos Sci 2023; 40:1-23. [PMID: 37359906 PMCID: PMC10140723 DOI: 10.1007/s00376-023-2379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the "air pollution complex" was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years, including studies on (1) sources and emission inventories, (2) atmospheric chemical processes, (3) interactions of air pollution with meteorology, weather and climate, (4) interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, and (5) data assimilation. The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years, but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China. The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established, provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China, and created great opportunities in education, training, and career development for many graduate students and young scientists. This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances, whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China, to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Meng Gao
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | | | - Aijun Ding
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | | | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012 China
| | - Yang Gao
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hong He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hong Liao
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Cheng Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Huan Liu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | | | - Keding Lu
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Min Shao
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yu Song
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yele Sun
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Weigang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | | | - Zifa Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yan Yin
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | | | - Weijun Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
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Shi S, Xu H, Shui Y, Liu D, Xie Q, Zhou K, Zhang J, Song Y, Wang J, Hu C, Wang Y, Fu P. Sedimentary organic molecular compositions reveal the influence of glacier retreat on ecology on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163629. [PMID: 37086994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and glacier retreat have significant impacts on the structure and function of natural ecosystems. However, little is known about how glacier retreat affects the long-term evolution of ecosystems at high-altitude regions. In this study, we explored the possible effects of glacier retreat on catchment vegetation and lake productivity in Lake Puma Yumco, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, based on detailed organic molecular compositions determined by an ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and combined with various sedimentary geochemical indicators. The glaciers in the catchment keep retreating since 1870 CE, as inferred from the multiple indices of total organic carbon content (TOC), total nitrogen content (TN), C/N ratios, and carbonate contents. Accompanying modern global warming and glacier shrinkage, the relative abundance of soil- and vegetation-derived large molecular compounds (e.g., vascular plant-derived polyphenols, highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds, and condensed aromatics) increased gradually in lake sediments, suggesting that ice-covered land was exposed under warming condition, and gradually revegetation occurred. Both increases in relative abundance of nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., CHNO) and chlorophyll derivative contents in the lake sediments were observed since 1870 CE, suggesting that stronger catchment weathering and increasing terrestrial nutrient loads enhanced the downstream lake productivity after glacier retreat. Our results imply that continued global warming and alpine glacier retreat in the future may further promote vegetation expansion and increases in lake productivity on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Shi
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yong Shui
- Hydrographic Survey Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kang'en Zhou
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunping Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chukun Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang Q, Hu W, Ren H, Yang J, Deng J, Wang D, Sun Y, Wang Z, Kawamura K, Fu P. Diurnal variations in primary and secondary organic aerosols in an eastern China coastal city: The impact of land-sea breezes. Environ Pollut 2023; 319:121016. [PMID: 36610651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The land-sea breeze circulation significantly impacts the atmospheric transport of organic aerosols in coastal regions. However, the links between organic aerosols and land-sea breezes remain poorly understood. In this study, organic marker compounds for biomass burning, primary biological aerosols, biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in fine particles from a coastal city in East China were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Land-sea breeze circulations were identified to explore their potential influence on organic molecular compositions. Organic marker compounds showed obvious diurnal/seasonal patterns. Surprisingly, due to the combined influence of weakened East Asian monsoons and land-sea breezes, all detected organic markers decreased except α/β-pinene SOA markers during land-sea breeze periods in early autumn; whereas, all the organic markers increased except α/β-pinene SOA markers, pollen and plant debris markers during land-sea breeze periods in early spring. Furthermore, the reaction pathway and aging of biogenic SOA were also related to land-sea breezes. During the land-sea breeze periods, the ratios of 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MGA) to 2-methyltetrols increased in early autumn, indicating that more isoprene-derived SOA generated from the high-NOx (nitrogen oxides) pathway when the land-sea breezes occurred; while the ratios decreased in early spring, this may be related to the chemical transformation of 2-MGA to 2-MGA sulfates. Changes in the ratio of monoterpene SOA markers demonstrate that monoterpene SOA was relatively aged during sea breeze periods, while it was fresher when the land breeze occurred. Although boundary layer height, emissions, gas/particle partitioning, etc. are important reasons for the diurnal variations of organic aerosols, night/day ratios of molecular markers increased obviously when land-sea breezes occurred in both early autumn and early spring. Our results provide new insights into the shift in the chemical composition of organic aerosols over coastal areas that are influenced by land-sea breezes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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24
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Wu L, Sheng M, Liu X, Zheng Z, Emslie SD, Yang N, Wang X, Nie Y, Jin J, Xie Q, Chen S, Zhang D, Su S, Zhong S, Hu W, Deng J, Zhu J, Qi Y, Liu CQ, Fu P. Molecular transformation of organic nitrogen in Antarctic penguin guano-affected soil. Environ Int 2023; 172:107796. [PMID: 36773562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) is an important participant in the Earth's N cycle. Previous studies have shown that penguin feces add an abundance of nutrients including N to the soil, significantly changing the eco-environment in ice-free areas in Antarctica. To explore the molecular transformation of ON in penguin guano-affected soil, we collected guano-free weathered soil, modern guano-affected soil from penguin colonies, ancient guano-affected soil from abandoned penguin colonies, and penguin feces from the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to investigate the chemical composition of water-extractable ON. By comparing the molecular compositions of ON among different samples, we found that the number of ON compounds (>4,000) in weathered soil is minimal, while carboxylic-rich alicyclic-like molecules (CRAM-like) are dominant. Penguin feces adds ON into the soil with > 10,000 CHON, CHONS and CHN compounds, including CRAM-like, lipid-like, aliphatic/ peptide-like molecules and amines in the guano-affected soil. After the input of penguin feces, macromolecules continue to degrade, and other ON compounds tend to be oxidized into relatively stable CRAM-like molecules, this is an important transformation process of ON in guano-affected soils. We conclude the roles of various forms of ON in the N cycle are complex and diverse. Combined with previous studies, ON eventually turns into inorganic N and is lost from the soil. The lost N ultimately returns to the ocean and the food web, thus completing the N cycle. Our study preliminarily reveals the molecular transformation of ON in penguin guano-affected soil and is important for understanding the N cycle in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ming Sheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Zhangqin Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Steven D Emslie
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xueying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Sihui Su
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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25
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Mu Z, Niu X, George C, Wang X, Huang R, Ma Y, Pu W, Qi Y, Fu P, Deng J, Ma C, Hu N, Li X, Wang X. Accumulation of dissolved organic matter in the transition from fresh to aged seasonal snow in an industrial city in NE China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159337. [PMID: 36228802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the reduction of snow albedo and the acceleration of snowmelt, but its accumulation in snow remains poorly understood. This study investigated the accumulation of DOM in seasonal snow including its accumulation rate, molecular characteristics, and biological and chemical processing. Sixteen snow samples of both fresh and aged snow were collected at one-day interval in Changchun, a typical industrial city in NE China. The snow DOM contents increased linearly with accumulation time at a rate of 30.3 μg L-1 d-1. The optical properties, including fluorescence intensity and optical absorption coefficient, of snowmelt increased exponentially with time owing to the rapid accumulation of terrestrial humic-like fluorophores through snow-soil exchange and deposition of soil-derived substances. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry highlighted the properties of DOM at a molecular level, indicating that compounds derived from underlying soil and vascular plants make the largest contribution to DOM. Microbe-derived compounds contribute 35.5 % to the DOM pool. Degrees of saturation and oxidation increase slightly after accumulation, with the impacts of photo- and bio-chemistry on DOM molecules being non-negligible. This study provides a new perspective concerning the accumulation and fate of organic contaminants in snow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rujin Huang
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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26
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Ma H, Wang P, Thompson A, Xie Q, Zhu M, Teng HH, Fu P, Liu C, Chen C. Secondary Mineral Formation and Carbon Dynamics during FeS Oxidation in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:14120-14132. [PMID: 36151962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) minerals constitute a major control on organic carbon (OC) storage in soils and sediments. While previous research has mainly targeted Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, the impact of Fe sulfides and their subsequent oxidation on OC dynamics remains unresolved in redox-fluctuating environments. Here, we investigated the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on FeS oxidation and how FeS and its oxidation may alter the retention and nature of DOM. After the anoxic reaction of DOM with FeS, FeS preferentially removed high-molecular-weight and nitrogen-rich compounds and promoted the formation of aqueous sulfurized organic molecules, according to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis. When exposed to O2, FeS oxidized to nanocrystalline lepidocrocite and additional aqueous sulfurized organic compounds were generated. The presence of DOM decreased the particle size of the resulting nano-lepidocrocite based on Mössbauer spectroscopy. Following FeS oxidation, most solid-phase OC remained associated with the newly formed lepidocrocite via a monodentate chelating mechanism (based on FTIR analysis), and FeS oxidation caused only a slight increase in the solubilization of solid-phase OC. Collectively, this work highlights the under-appreciated role of Fe sulfides and their oxidation in driving OC transformation and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ma
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pinya Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengqiang Zhu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Henry H Teng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Congqiang Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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27
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Ren H, Hu W, Yue S, Wu L, Ren L, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. Tracer-based characterization of fine carbonaceous aerosol in Beijing during a strict emission control period. Sci Total Environ 2022; 841:156638. [PMID: 35709995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strict emission controls were implemented in Beijing and the surrounding regions in the North China Plain to guarantee good air quality during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. Thus, the APEC period provides a good opportunity to study the sources and formation processes of atmospheric organic aerosol. Here, fine particles (PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) collected in urban Beijing before and during the APEC period were analyzed for molecular tracers of primary and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) were also reconstructed using a tracer-based method. The concentrations of biogenic SOA tracers ranged from 1.09 to 34.5 ng m-3 (mean 10.3 ± 8.51 ng m-3). Monoterpene oxidation products were the largest contributor to biogenic SOA, followed by isoprene- and sesquiterpene-derived SOA. The concentrations of biogenic SOA tracers decreased by 50 % during the APEC, which was largely attributed to the implementation of emission controls by the Chinese government. The increasing mass fractions of biogenic SOA tracers from isoprene and sesquiterpene during the pollution episodes implied that their photooxidation processes contributed to the poor air quality in urban Beijing. The reconstructed biogenic and anthropogenic SOC and POC concentrations were 89.6 ± 96.8 ng m-3, 570 ± 611 ng m-3, and 2.49 ± 2.08 μg m-3, respectively, accounting for 21.9 ± 11.4 % of OC in total. Biomass-burning derived OC was the largest contributor to carbonaceous aerosol over the North China Plain. By comparing the results before and during the APEC, the emission controls effectively mitigated about 34 % of the estimated OC and were more effective at reducing SOC than POC. This suggests that the reduction of the primary organic aerosol loading is harder than SOA over the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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28
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Liu ML, Zhang ZF, Fu P, Ye YF, Guo F, Wang Q, He JJ, Li XW, Yan YH, Liao XF, Zhou XP, Tuo ZH, Wang Z. [Chinese expert consensus on management of dyslipidemia in the elderly]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:1095-1118. [PMID: 36207965 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220407-11251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins delay the occurrence and development of ASCVD, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death. Due to safety concerns, there exist insufficient use of lipid-lowering agents and a high withdrawal rate of the agents in the elderly. To promote the prevention and treatment of ASCVD, this expert consensus is issued and focuses on the management of dyslipidemia of Chinese elderly basing on the clinical evidence of the use of lipid-lowering drugs by the elderly, and the lipid management guidelines and expert consensus recommendations at home and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z F Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - P Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y F Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - F Guo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100005, China
| | - J J He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100005, China
| | - X W Li
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Y H Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X F Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - X P Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Z H Tuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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29
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Wei W, Xie Q, Yan Q, Hu W, Chen S, Su S, Zhang D, Wu L, Huang S, Zhong S, Deng J, Yang T, Li J, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Kong S, Fu P. Dwindling aromatic compounds in fine aerosols from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette combustion. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155971. [PMID: 35597348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the implementation of clean coal policy in China, the chunk coal has been gradually replaced by honeycomb briquette in domestic energies. In this study, the molecular composition of fine particles (PM2.5) from chunk coal and honeycomb briquette combustion is characterized using the Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). More than 6000 molecular formulae were detected in each PM2.5 sample. A remarkable decrease in unsaturation and aromatic compounds was found from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette derived aerosols. Around 73.6% of the unique CHON compounds in chunk coal are considered to have aromatic structures, while it decreased to 7.3% in honeycomb briquette. Most of these nitroaromatics detected only in chunk coal are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic with 4-6 rings. Moreover, the aromatic compounds in sulfur-containing compounds also showed a significant decrease. Meanwhile, because of the perforated shape and the additives added during the production of honeycomb briquettes, there are more heteroatoms-containing molecules released from honeycomb briquette combustion, which are highly functional compounds with high molecular weight, high degree of oxidation, and low volatility. Our results provide molecular level evidence that the transformation from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette can effectively reduce the emission of aromatic compounds, which is beneficial to assessing and reducing the impacts to climate change as well as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wei
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sihui Su
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shu Huang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujun Zhong
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Yang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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30
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Qi Y, Fu P, Volmer DA. Analysis of natural organic matter via fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: an overview of recent non-petroleum applications. Mass Spectrom Rev 2022; 41:647-661. [PMID: 32412674 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the different techniques for mass analysis, ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) is the method of choice for highly complex samples, as it offers unrivaled mass accuracy and resolving power, combined with a high degree of flexibility in hybrid instruments as well as for ion activation techniques. FTICR instruments are readily embraced by the biological and biomedical research communities and applied over a wide range of applications for the analysis of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. In the field of natural organic matter (NOM) analysis, petroleum-related studies currently dominate FTICR-MS applications. Recently, however, there is a growing interest in developing high-performance MS methods for the characterization of NOM samples from natural aquatic and terrestrial environments. Here, we present an overview of FTICR-MS techniques for complex, non-petroleum NOM samples, including data analysis and novel tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods for structural classifications. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Li X, Yu F, Cao J, Fu P, Hua X, Chen Q, Li J, Guan D, Tripathee L, Chen Q, Wang Y. Corrigendum to "Chromophoric dissolved organic carbon cycle and its molecular compositions and optical properties in precipitation in the Guanzhong basin, China" [Sci. Total Environ. 814 (2022) 152775]. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155458. [PMID: 35509156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dongjie Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Li P, Pavuluri CM, Dong Z, Xu Z, Fu P, Liu CQ. Year-round observations of stable carbon isotopic composition of carboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-Dicarbonyls in fine aerosols at Tianjin, North China: Implications for origins and aging. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155385. [PMID: 35452741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the origins and photochemical processing (aging) of organic aerosols (OA), we studied fine aerosols (PM2.5) collected at urban (Nankai District (ND)) and suburban (Haihe Education Park (HEP)) Tianjin, North China over a one-year period (2018-2019) for stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of water-soluble diacids, oxoacids, α-dicarbonyls and fatty acids. Maleic (M, -18.3 ± 10.9‰ at ND and -23.5 ± 10.2‰ at HEP) and fumaric (F, -22.0 ± 12.1‰ at ND and -22.5 ± 10.5‰ at HEP) acids were found to be most enriched with 13C followed by oxalic acid (C2, -24.7 ± 3.9‰ at ND and -25.9 ± 4.7‰ at HEP) during the campaign. Based on seasonal changes in δ13C of selected marker species: C6 and C9 diacids, phthalic, glyoxylic and pyruvic acids and glyoxal, and their comparison with the source signatures, we found that water-soluble OA in Tianjin were mainly originated from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions and were subjected for significant aging. The contribution from fossil fuel combustion including coal combustion was high in autumn and winter, especially at ND. Considering the enrichment of 13C in specific species together with linear relations of δ13C of selected species with their concentrations, with mass ratios and with the relative abundance of C2 diacid, we inferred that the photochemical transformations of longer-chain diacids, oxidation of α-dicarbonyls (Gly and mGly), preferably in gas phase, were important in warm period (March-September), whereas the oxidation of Gly, mGly and other precursors in aqueous phase were major in cold period (October-February).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanjie Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang K, Zheng W, Sun R, He S, Shuai W, Fan X, Yuan S, Fu P, Deng J, Li X, Wang S, Chen J. Stable Isotopes Reveal Photoreduction of Particle-Bound Mercury Driven by Water-Soluble Organic Carbon during Severe Haze. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10619-10628. [PMID: 35853134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Haze with high loading of particles may result in significant enrichment of particle-bound Hg (PBM), potentially impacting the atmospheric Hg transformation and transport. However, the dynamics of Hg transformation and the relative environmental effect during severe haze episodes remain unclear. Here, we report Hg isotopic compositions of atmospheric particles (PM2.5, PM10, and TSP) collected during a severe haze episode in Tianjin, China, to investigate the transformation and fate of Hg during haze events. All severe haze samples display significantly higher Δ199Hg (up to 1.50‰) than global urban PBM, which cannot be explained by primary anthropogenic emissions. The high Δ199Hg is likely caused by photoreduction of PBM promoted by water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) during the particle accumulation period, as demonstrated by the positive correlations of Δ199Hg with WSOC and relative humidity and confirmed by our laboratory-controlled photoreduction experiment. The results show that, on average, 21% of PBM are likely photoreduced and re-emitted back to the atmosphere as Hg(0), potentially requiring revision of atmospheric Hg budgeting and modeling. This study highlights the release of large portions of PBM back to the gas phase through photoreduction, which needs to be taken into account while evaluating the atmospheric Hg cycle and the relative ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sheng He
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wangcai Shuai
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiongfei Fan
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengliu Yuan
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Ontario K9J7B8, Canada
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiubin Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wang Y, Cui S, Fu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Fu P, Ge X, Li H, Wang X. Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of C 3H 6 under the presence of NH 3: Effects of seed particles. Environ Res 2022; 211:113064. [PMID: 35271833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Frequently-occurred secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) under low-NOx conditions contribute to the winter haze episodes and remain unclear in the abundant presence of NH3. Here, the effects of CaCl2 seed particles on the photooxidation of low-molecular-weight C3H6 with co-existing NO2 and NH3 were highlighted and investigated through a chamber-simulation study equipped with high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). The influences of NH3 are often overestimated to exclusively enhance SOA yields under a low-[NO2]0 condition. Instead, the seeds played a central role in the heterogeneous formation of SOAs in this reaction with two orders of magnitudes higher than that in the absence of seeds at relative humidity (RH) of 82%. Interestedly, the O3 production was unchanged whether the seeds existed or not, small changes in the production of O3 were observed whether the seeds existed or not, indicating that the gas-phase conversions of C3H6 and NOx into C1-C3 oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) were not affected by seed particles. Given that the ensuing formation of these low-volatile compounds was condensed into nucleation on the seeds, the explosive growth of C3H6 SOAs was then stimulated in the addition of NH3. Besides NO2 photolysis, the producing O3 was related to the formation of secondary carbonyls such as formaldehyde and then was consumed in the ·OH generation of approximately 3.40 × 10-12 molecules cm-3. This study provides a new insight to better understand the new gas-to-particle formation mechanisms when the haze pollution outbreaks in the complex air mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shijie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xuewei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Haiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Chen C, Zhang Z, Wei L, Qiu Y, Xu W, Song S, Sun J, Li Z, Chen Y, Ma N, Xu W, Pan X, Fu P, Sun Y. The importance of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in winter haze episodes in North China Plain. Environ Res 2022; 211:113093. [PMID: 35292245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), a key marker species of aqueous-phase processing, plays a significant role in sulfur budget in atmosphere. Here we have a comprehensive characterization of HMS at urban and rural sites in North China Plain (NCP) by using the real-time measurements from a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and a single-particle AMS together with offline filter analysis. Our results showed much higher winter concentration of HMS at the rural site (average±1σ: 2.58 ± 2.56 μg m-3) than that (1.70 ± 2.68 μg m-3) in Beijing due to the more frequent fog events, low particle acidity and high concentration of precursors. The HMS on average contributed 6.3% and 5.2% to organic aerosol (OA), and 16% and 12% to the total particulate sulfur, at the rural and urban sites, respectively. HMS was highly correlated with aqueous-phase secondary OA and sulfate, and its contribution to the total particulate sulfur increased significantly as a function of relative humidity demonstrating the effective HMS production from aqueous-phase processing. Single-particle analysis showed that HMS-containing particles were mainly mixed with amine-related compounds. In addition, we found that organosulfur compounds (OS) estimated from sulfur-containing fragments of AMS correlated well with HMS at both urban and rural sites. While OS at the rural site was dominated by HMS, other types of OS were also important in urban area. The high HMS also affected the estimation of particle acidity using the AMS measured and predicted ammonium, particularly during severe haze episodes. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of HMS in winter in NCP, and it could be more important in total particulate sulfur budget as the continuous decrease in sulfate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunle Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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36
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Du A, Li Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, You B, Li Z, Chen C, Li J, Qiu Y, Liu X, Ji D, Zhang W, Xu W, Fu P, Sun Y. Rapid transition of aerosol optical properties and water-soluble organic aerosols in cold season in Fenwei Plain. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154661. [PMID: 35314216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Fenwei Plain (FWP) continues to be one of the most polluted regions in China despite the improvement of air quality in recent years. However, our understanding of aerosol optical properties (AOP) and its relationship with aerosol composition particularly in cold season is far from complete. Here we conducted three-month measurements of AOP from November 2020 to January 2021 in the FWP along with fine particle composition and water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) measurements. Our results showed rapid transitions in AOP from November to January due to the enhanced primary emissions and the decreased aqueous-phase processing. The single scattering albedo (SSA) decreased from 0.85 to 0.78, while the absorption Ångstrӧm exponent (AAE) increased from 1.41 to 1.60, demonstrating the increasing role of absorbing aerosol and brown carbon in cold season. Further analysis showed that SSA increased significantly with the fraction of secondary inorganic aerosol, while AAE was highly correlated with the fraction of primary OA (POA), highlighting the different impacts of primary and secondary aerosol on AOP. Chemical apportionment showed the dominant contributions of ammonium nitrate (29%) and ammonium sulfate (27%) to particle extinction before heating season, while that of POA increased to 27% during heating season. Although the pollution level showed a clear increase during the heating season, the changes in visibility were small due to the decreased mass extinction efficiency from 3.48 to 2.91 m2 g-1. Positive matrix factorization illustrated a clear transition in WSOA composition from the dominance of secondary OA (SOA) in November to POA in heating season. Compared with the large decrease in water-soluble aqueous-phase SOA, the consistently high concentration of photochemical-related SOA elucidated the presence of strong photochemical processing in cold season. Overall, our results demonstrate the significant transition in primary emissions and secondary formation in cold season, and such changes have affected AOP substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Yue S, Li L, Xu W, Zhao J, Ren H, Ji D, Li P, Zhang Q, Wei L, Xie Q, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu P. Biological and Nonbiological Sources of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles in the Urban Atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7588-7597. [PMID: 35544717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of bioaerosols based on the light-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is still challenging due to the complexity of bioaerosols and the external/internal mixing with nonbiological fluorescent compositions. Although many lab studies have measured the fluorescence properties of the biological and nonbiological materials, there is still a scarcity of knowledge of the sources of fluorescent aerosol particles (FAP) in the ambient atmosphere. Here, we fill this gap by combining the online measurement of an LIF-based instrument (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor, WIBS, 0.8-20 μm) with the measurements of typical biological matter and the compositions related to major nonbiological FAP from May to July in the megacity Beijing. We find that fungal spores and pollen are widely observed in all types of FAP using a WIBS. Bacteria are suggested to be associated with the fine mode FAP (excitation/emission: 280 nm/310-400 nm; 0.8-3 μm). The FL-B and -BC particles (emission in 420-650 nm) contributing the most to FAP are strongly associated with humic-like substances, dust, burning and combustion emissions, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This study provides a guide for interpreting individual FAP measured by LIF instruments and points to the applicability of online LIF instruments to characterize nonbiological compositions including SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Su H, Ren K, Li R, Li J, Gao Z, Hu G, Fu P, Su G. Suspect Screening of Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediment Using an Established Database Covering 1173 LCMs. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8061-8070. [PMID: 35594146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are emerging contaminants in the environment, and knowledge of this class of substances is very rare. Here, we reviewed existing LCM-related documents, i.e., publications and patents, and established a database involving 1173 LCMs. These 1173 LCMs were further calculated for their physicochemical properties, i.e., persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), long-range transport potential (LRTP), and Arctic contamination and bioaccumulation potential (ACBAP). We found that 476 out of them were P&B chemicals (99% of them were halogenated), and 320 of them could have ACBAP properties (67% of them were halogenated). This LCM database was further applied for suspect screening of LCMs in n = 33 sediment samples by use of gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF/MS). We tentatively identified 26 LCM formulas, which could have 43 chemical structures. Two out of these 43 suspect LCM candidates, 1-butoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl) benzene (3cH4OdFP) and 1-ethoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(4-pentyl cyclohexyl) benzene (5cH2OdFP), were fully confirmed by a comparison of unique GC and MS characteristics with their authentic standards. Overall, our present study expanded the previous LCM database from 362 to 1173, and 1173 LCMs in this database were calculated for their physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, taking n = 33 sediment samples as an exercise, we successfully developed a suspect screening strategy tailored for LCMs, and this strategy could have promising potential to be extended to other environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Kefan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, P. R. China
| | - Guanjiu Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, P. R. China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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Fan MY, Zhang YL, Lin YC, Hong Y, Zhao ZY, Xie F, Du W, Cao F, Sun Y, Fu P. Important Role of NO 3 Radical to Nitrate Formation Aloft in Urban Beijing: Insights from Triple Oxygen Isotopes Measured at the Tower. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:6870-6879. [PMID: 34428888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Until now, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding the vertical profiles of nitrate formation in the urban boundary layer (BL) based on triple oxygen isotopes. Here, we conducted vertical measurements of the oxygen anomaly of nitrate (Δ17O-NO3-) on a 325 m meteorological tower in urban Beijing during the winter and summer. The simultaneous vertical measurements suggested different formation mechanisms of nitrate aerosols at ground level and 120 and 260 m in the winter due to the less efficient vertical mixing under stable atmospheric conditions. Particularly, different chemical processes of nitrate aerosols at the three heights were found between clean days and polluted days in the winter. On clean days, nocturnal chemistry (NO3 + HC and N2O5 uptake) contributed to nitrate production equally with OH/H2O + NO2 at ground level, while it dominated aloft (contributing 80% of nitrate production at 260 m), due to the higher aerosol liquid water content and O3 concentration there. On polluted days, nocturnal reactions dominated the formation of nitrate at the three heights. Particularly, the contribution of the OH/H2O + NO2 pathway to nitrate production increased from the ground level to 120 m might be attributed to the hydrolysis of NO2 to HONO and then further photolysis to OH radicals in the day. In contrast, the proportion of N2O5 + H2O decreased at 260 m, likely due to the low relative humidity aloft that inhibited the N2O5 hydrolysis reactions in the residual layer. Our results highlighted that the differences between meteorology and gaseous precursors could largely affect particulate nitrate formation at different heights within the polluted urban BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Hong
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Yu Zhao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Fu P, Tripathee L, Yan F, Hu Z, Yu F, Chen Q, Li J, Chen Q, Cao J, Kang S. Molecular compositions, optical properties, and implications of dissolved brown carbon in snow/ice on the Tibetan Plateau glaciers. Environ Int 2022; 164:107276. [PMID: 35537366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC)/water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) plays a crucial role in glacier melting. A quantitative evaluation of the light absorption characteristics of WSOC on glacier melting is urgently needed, as the WSOC release from glaciers potentially affects the hydrological cycle, downstream ecological balance, and the global carbon cycle. In this work, the optical properties and composition of WSOC in surface snow/ice on four Tibetan Plateau (TP) glaciers were investigated using a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The total light-absorption of WSOC in snow/ice at 250-400 nm (ultraviolet region) and 400-600 nm (visible region) accounted for about 60.42% and 27.17% of the light absorption by the total organics, respectively. Two protein-like substances (PRLIS), one humic-like substance (HULIS), and one undefined species of chromophores in snow/ice on the TP glacier surfaces were identified. The lignins and lipids were the main compounds in the TP glaciers and were presented as CHO and CHNO molecules, while CHNOS molecules were only observed in the southeast TP glacier. The light absorption capacity of WSOC in snow/ice was mainly affected by their oxidizing properties. PRLIS and undefined species were closely linked to microbial sources and the local environment of the glaciers (lignins and lipids), while HULIS was significantly affected by anthropogenic emissions (protein/amino sugars). Radiative forcing (RF)-induced by WSOC relative to black carbon were accounted for about 11.62 ± 12.07% and 8.40 ± 10.37% in surface snow and granular ice, respectively. The RF was estimated to be 1.14 and 6.36 W m-2 in surface snow and granular ice, respectively, during the melt season in the central TP glacier. These findings contribute to our understanding of WSOC's impact on glaciers and could serve as a baseline for WSOC research in cryospheric science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fangping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang Y, Pan X, Tian Y, Liu H, Chen X, Ge B, Wang Z, Tang X, Lei S, Yao W, Ren Y, Tian Y, Li J, Fu P, Xin J, Sun Y, Cao J, Wang Z. Transport Patterns and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Pollution during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games Period. Adv Atmos Sci 2022; 39:1608-1622. [PMID: 35400782 PMCID: PMC8983323 DOI: 10.1007/s00376-022-1463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The attainment of suitable ambient air quality standards is a matter of great concern for successfully hosting the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (OWG). Transport patterns and potential sources of pollutants in Zhangjiakou (ZJK) were investigated using pollutant monitoring datasets and a dispersion model. The PM2.5 concentration during February in ZJK has increased slightly (28%) from 2018 to 2021, mostly owing to the shift of main potential source regions of west-central Inner Mongolia and Mongolian areas (2015-18) to the North China Plain and northern Shanxi Province (NCPS) after 2018. Using CO as an indicator, the relative contributions of the different regions to the receptor site (ZJK) were evaluated based on the source-receptor-relationship method (SRR) and an emission inventory. We found that the relative contribution of pollutants from NCPS increased from 33% to 68% during 2019-21. Central Inner Mongolia (CIM) also has an important impact on ZJK under unfavorable weather conditions. This study demonstrated that the effect of pollution control measures in the NCPS and CIM should be strengthened to ensure that the air quality meets the standard during the XXIV OWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xueshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Shandong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Weijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yuanzhe Ren
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region environmental monitoring central station, Hohhot, 010090 China
| | - Yongli Tian
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region environmental monitoring central station, Hohhot, 010090 China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
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Li X, Yu F, Cao J, Fu P, Hua X, Chen Q, Li J, Guan D, Tripathee L, Chen Q, Wang Y. Chromophoric dissolved organic carbon cycle and its molecular compositions and optical properties in precipitation in the Guanzhong basin, China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:152775. [PMID: 34990674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is important in the biogeochemical cycle of precipitation, can provide a comprehensive view of chromophores within the atmospheric boundary layer. In this work, the optical properties and molecular characteristics of WSOC in precipitation over the Guanzhong Basin (GB) of North China were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI). Furthermore, sources and wet deposition of WSOC were estimated using in-situ measurements and modeling. The light-absorption by WSOC at 250-300 nm (UV region) and 400-550 nm (visible region) was 64.17% and 15.36% relative to the estimated total light-absorption, respectively. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis revealed three types of fluorophores in WSOC at Xi'an (XN), including two humic-like substances (HULIS) and one protein-like substance (PRLIS), with HULIS accounting for 79% of total fluorescence intensity. FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that CHO and CHON were the most abundant components of WSOC at XN, each containing a variety of lignins, protein/amino sugars, and lipids. Moreover, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified the contributions from three main sources (secondary precursors and aerosols, and coal combustion) of WSOC in precipitation at XN. The annual wet deposition flux of WSOC in precipitation at XN was estimated as about 0.63 g C m-2 yr-1, lower than that at other polluted cities. These findings add to our understanding of chromophoric dissolved organic carbon budgets, which is critical for accurately assessing the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dongjie Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Gao Y, Ma M, Yan F, Su H, Wang S, Liao H, Zhao B, Wang X, Sun Y, Hopkins JR, Chen Q, Fu P, Lewis AC, Qiu Q, Yao X, Gao H. Impacts of biogenic emissions from urban landscapes on summer ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in megacities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:152654. [PMID: 34973314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of biogenic emissions on ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been widely acknowledged; nevertheless, biogenic emissions emitted from urban landscapes have been largely ignored. We find that including urban isoprene in megacities like Beijing improves not only the modeled isoprene concentrations but also its diurnal cycle. Specifically, the mean bias of the simulated isoprene concentrations is reduced from 87% to 39% by adding urban isoprene emissions while keeping the diurnal cycle the same as that in non-urban or rural areas. Further adjusting the diurnal cycle of isoprene emissions to the urban profile steers the original early morning peak of the isoprene concentration to a double quasi-peak, i.e., bell shape, consistent with observations. The efficiency of ozone generation caused by isoprene emissions in urban Beijing is found to be twice as large as those in rural areas, indicative of vital roles of urban BVOC emissions in modulating the ozone formation. Our study also shows that in the future along with NOx emission reduction, isoprene emissions from urban landscapes will become more important for the formation of ozone in urban area, and their contributions may exceed that of isoprene caused by transport from rural areas. Finally, the impact of biogenic emissions on SOA is examined, revealing that biogenic induced SOA accounts for 16% of the total SOA in urban Beijing. The effect of isoprene on SOA (iSOA) is modulated through two pathways associated with the abundance of NOx emissions, and the effect can be amplified in future when NOx emissions are reduced. The findings of our study are not limited to Beijing but also apply to other megacities or densely populated regions, suggesting an urgent need to construct an accurate emission inventory for urban landscapes and evaluate their impact on ozone and SOA in air quality planning and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feifan Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hang Su
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz D-55128, Germany; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - James R Hopkins
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NH, UK
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NH, UK
| | - Qionghui Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
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Chen S, Xie Q, Su S, Wu L, Zhong S, Zhang Z, Ma C, Qi Y, Hu W, Deng J, Ren L, Zhu D, Guo Q, Liu CQ, Jang KS, Fu P. Source and formation process impact the chemodiversity of rainwater dissolved organic matter along the Yangtze River Basin in summer. Water Res 2022; 211:118024. [PMID: 35016126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle and evolution of organic matter in the land-atmosphere interface. To better understand their sources and molecular composition in the atmosphere, rainwater samples were collected at six different locations along the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the application of a combined approach including excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), various sources (terrestrial, anthropogenic, and autochthonous sources) of rainwater DOM were revealed. Results show that the derivatives of biogenic volatile organic compounds were widely distributed and contributed to rainwater DOM along the Yangtze River Basin. In the up-river city Batang, rainwater DOM was affected by the long-range atmospheric transport due to the Indian summer monsoon. Lijiang, a city on the southeastern edge of Tibetan plateau, was related to strong local biomass burning. The industrial cities of Panzhihua and Luzhou showed large differences in organic composition due to distinct industrial types. Fuling, a district in Chongqing Municipality, was significantly contributed by aged organics from biomass burning. While rainwater DOM in Shanghai, a coastal megacity, contained a high fraction of sea spray organics. Further, more than 70% of rainwater DOM molecules are associated with 36 typical transformation mechanisms during rainwater-scavenging processes, e.g., oxidation reactions, dealkylation and decarboxylation. Our study demonstrates that local natural and anthropogenic emissions and climatic conditions strongly shaped the chemodiversity and possible precursor-product pairs of rainwater DOM along the Yangtze River Basin, which helps to better understand the biogeochemical cycles of organic matter in a large-scale watershed under the influence of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sihui Su
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea; Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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45
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Ma M, Gao Y, Ding A, Su H, Liao H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhao B, Zhang S, Fu P, Guenther AB, Wang M, Li S, Chu B, Yao X, Gao H. Correction to "Development and Assessment of a High-Resolution Biogenic Emission Inventory from Urban Green Spaces in China". Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3300-3301. [PMID: 35133814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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46
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Zhao LH, Ma Q, Fu P, Mao CY. [Clinicopathological analysis of invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:135-137. [PMID: 35152633 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210629-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L H Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Q Ma
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - P Fu
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - C Y Mao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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47
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Xu J, Harrison RM, Song C, Hou S, Wei L, Fu P, Li H, Li W, Shi Z. PM 2.5-bound silicon-containing secondary organic aerosols (Si-SOA) in Beijing ambient air. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132377. [PMID: 34600012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) have been widely used in personal care products and industrial applications, and are an important component of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) indoors. They have sufficiently long lifetimes to undergo long-range transport and to form secondary aerosols through atmospheric oxidation. To investigate these silicon-containing secondary organic aerosols (Si-SOA), we collected PM2.5 samples during 8th-21st August 2018 (summer) and 3rd-23rd January 2019 (winter) at an urban site of Beijing. As the oxidation of VMS mainly results in hydrophilic polar semi-volatile and non-volatile oxidation products, the differences between total water-soluble Si and total water-soluble inorganic Si were used to estimate water-soluble organic Si, considered to be secondary organic Si (SO-Si). The average concentrations of SO-Si during the summer and winter campaigns were 4.6 ± 3.7 and 13.2 ± 8.6 ng m-3, accounting for approximately 80.1 ± 10.1% and 80.2 ± 8.7% of the total water-soluble Si, and 1.2 ± 1.2% and 5.0 ± 6.9% of total Si in PM2.5, respectively. The estimated Si-SOA concentrations were 12.7 ± 10.2 ng m-3 and 36.6 ± 23.9 ng m-3 on average in summer and winter, which accounted for 0.06 ± 0.07% and 0.16 ± 0.22% of PM2.5 mass, but increased to 0.26% and 0.92% on certain days. We found that net solar radiation is positively correlated with SO-Si levels in the summer but not in winter, suggesting seasonally different formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsha Xu
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Congbo Song
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Siqi Hou
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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48
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Zhang D, Ren H, Hu W, Wu L, Ren L, Deng J, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Wang Z, Kawamura K, Fu P. Latitudinal difference in the molecular distributions of lipid compounds in the forest atmosphere in China. Environ Pollut 2022; 294:118578. [PMID: 34843855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biogenic markers to indicate the sources and chemical process of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. To better understand the influences of biogenic and anthropogenic sources on forest aerosols, total suspended particles (TSP) were collected at Mt. Changbai, Shennongjia, and Xishuangbanna that are located at different climatic zones in northeastern, central and southwestern China. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and n-alcohols were detected in the forest aerosols based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of aliphatic compounds ranged from 15.3 ng m-3 to 566 ng m-3, and fatty acids were the most abundant (44-95%) followed by n-alkanes and n-alcohols. Low molecular weight- (LFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UnFAs) showed diurnal variation with higher concentrations during the nighttime in summer, indicating the potential impact from microbial activities on forest aerosols. The differences of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) concentrations between daytime and nighttime increased at lower latitude, indicating more intense photochemical degradation occurred at lower latitude regions. High levels of n-alkanes during daytime in summer with higher values of carbon preference indexes, combining the strong odd carbon number predominance with a maximum at C27 or C29, implied the high contributions of biogenic sources, e.g., higher plant waxes. In contrast, higher concentrations of low molecular weight n-alkanes were detected in winter forest aerosols. Levoglucosan showed a positive correlation (R2 > 0.57) with high- and low molecular weight aliphatic compounds in Mt. Changbai, but such a correlation was not observed in Shennongjia and Xishuangbanna. These results suggest the significant influence of biomass burning in Mt. Changbai, and fossil fuel combustion might be another important anthropogenic source of forest aerosols. This study adds useful information to the current understanding of forest organic aerosols at different geographical locations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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49
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Han H, Feng Y, Chen J, Xie Q, Chen S, Sheng M, Zhong S, Wei W, Su S, Fu P. Acidification impacts on the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter revealed by FT-ICR MS. Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:150284. [PMID: 34537711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a traditional pretreatment procedure widely used for dissolved organic matter (DOM) desalination and enrichment prior to the Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis, and the extracts are usually acidified to pH = 2 with hydrochloric acid (HCl) before passing through the cartridge. However, little is known about the effects of acidification on the integrity and molecular composition of DOM. Here, the differences in the molecular compositions in acidified and nonacidified DOM samples of soil, seawater and atmospheric aerosol were performed by FT-ICR MS. The results showed that the quantity and intensity of aromatic compounds with high oxygen content (e.g., polyphenols, tannin-like and highly oxygenated organic compounds) were greatly enhanced after acidification, while highly saturated compounds (lipid-like and aliphatic/peptide-like) were absent. The underlying reason is the variation of solubility and hydrolysis of DOM under acidic conditions. Meanwhile, the effect of acidification on the molecular composition of DOM was also dependent on their original environmental media. Based on these results, we suggest that the extracts of soil samples are selectively acidified according to the focus of research, while the extract is acidified for seawater samples and the pH of the extract can be unadjusted for aerosol samples before the SPE procedure. These findings provide a reference for the selection of suitable pretreatment methods for different experimental purposes and for the comprehensive characterization of samples with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ming Sheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sihui Su
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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50
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Ma M, Gao Y, Ding A, Su H, Liao H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhao B, Zhang S, Fu P, Guenther AB, Wang M, Li S, Chu B, Yao X, Gao H. Development and Assessment of a High-Resolution Biogenic Emission Inventory from Urban Green Spaces in China. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:175-184. [PMID: 34898191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions have long been known to play vital roles in modulating the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). While early studies have evaluated their impact globally or regionally, the BVOC emissions emitted from urban green spaces (denoted as U-BVOC emissions) have been largely ignored primarily due to the failure of low-resolution land cover in resolving such processes, but also because their important contribution to urban BVOCs was previously unrecognized. In this study, by utilizing a recently released high-resolution land cover dataset, we develop the first set of emission inventories of U-BVOCs in China at spatial resolutions as high as 1 km. This new dataset resolved densely distributed U-BVOCs in urban core areas. The U-BVOC emissions in megacities could account for a large fraction of total BVOC emissions, and the good agreement of the interannual variations between the U-BVOC emissions and ozone concentrations over certain regions stresses their potentially crucial role in influencing ozone variations. The newly constructed U-BVOC emission inventory is expected to provide an improved dataset to enable the research community to re-examine the modulation of BVOCs on the formation of ozone, SOA, and atmospheric chemistry in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz D-55128, Germany
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP), Qingdao 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenshen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
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