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Sadek B, Saad A, Latacz G, Kuder K, Olejarz A, Karcz T, Stark H, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Non-imidazole-based histamine H3 receptor antagonists with anticonvulsant activity in different seizure models in male adult rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3879-3898. [PMID: 27932863 PMCID: PMC5135077 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of twelve novel non-imidazole-based ligands (3–14) was developed and evaluated for its in vitro binding properties at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R). The novel ligands were investigated for their in vivo protective effects in different seizure models in male adult rats. Among the H3R ligands (3–14) tested, ligand 14 showed significant and dose-dependent reduction in the duration of tonic hind limb extension in maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model subsequent to acute systemic administration (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), whereas ligands 4, 6, and 7 without appreciable protection in MES model were most promising in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model. Moreover, the protective effect observed for ligand 14 in MES model was lower than that observed for the reference drug phenytoin and was entirely abrogated when rats were co-administered with the brain-penetrant H1R antagonist pyrilamine (PYR) but not the brain-penetrant H2R antagonist zolantidine (ZOL), demonstrating that histaminergic neurotransmission by activation of postsynaptically located H1Rs seems to be involved in the protective action. On the contrary, PYR and ZOL failed to abrogate the full protection provided by 4 in PTZ model and the moderate protective effect by 14 in strychnine (STR) model. Moreover, the experimental and in silico estimation of properties such as metabolism was performed for five selected test compounds. Also, lipophilicity using planar reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography method was included for better understanding of the molecular properties of the tested compounds. Additionally, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and toxicity parameters were evaluated for the most promising compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, and 14 utilizing in vitro methods. These interesting results highlight the potential of H3R ligands as new antiepileptic drugs or as adjuvants to available epilepsy medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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2
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Kuder K, Łażewska D, Latacz G, Schwed JS, Karcz T, Stark H, Karolak-Wojciechowska J, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Chlorophenoxy aminoalkyl derivatives as histamine H(3)R ligands and antiseizure agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 24:53-72. [PMID: 26690914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of twenty new chlorophenoxyalkylamine derivatives (9-28) was synthesized and evaluated on their binding properties at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R). The spacer alkyl chain contained five to seven carbon atoms. The highest affinities have shown the 4-chloro substituted derivatives 10 and 25 (Ki=133 and 128 nM, respectively) classified as antagonists in cAMP accumulation assay (EC50=72 and 75 nM, respectively). Synthesized compounds were also evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in Antiepileptic Screening Program (ASP) at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (USA). Two compounds (4-chloro substituted derivatives: 20 and 26) were the most promising and showed in the MES seizure model in rats (after ip administration) ED50 values of 14 mg/kg and 13.18 mg/kg, respectively. Protective indexes (PI=TD50/ED50) were 3.2 for 20 and 3.8 for 26. Moreover, molecular modeling and docking studies were undertaken to explain affinity at hH3R of target compounds, and the experimentally and in silico estimation of properties like lipophilicity and metabolism was performed. Antiproliferative effects have been also investigated in vitro for selected compounds (10 and 25). These compounds neither possessed significant antiproliferative and antitumor activity, nor modulated CYP3A4 activity up to concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuder
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Johannes Stephan Schwed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Janina Karolak-Wojciechowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116 Str., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Zhong X, Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Ambient in situ analysis and imaging of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic thin layer chromatography plates by electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct coupling of ESTASI-MS with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic TLC for ambient in situ analysis and imaging with ultralow sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhong
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Chemistry Department
- Fudan University
- 200433 Shanghai
- China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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4
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Cegłowski M, Smoluch M, Babij M, Gotszalk T, Silberring J, Schroeder G. Dielectric barrier discharge ionization in characterization of organic compounds separated on thin-layer chromatography plates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106088. [PMID: 25170762 PMCID: PMC4149504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for on-spot detection and characterization of organic compounds resolved on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates has been proposed. This method combines TLC with dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI), which produces stable low-temperature plasma. At first, the compounds were separated on TLC plates and then their mass spectra were directly obtained with no additional sample preparation. To obtain good quality spectra the center of a particular TLC spot was heated from the bottom to increase volatility of the compound. MS/MS analyses were also performed to additionally characterize all analytes. The detection limit of proposed method was estimated to be 100 ng/spot of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Cegłowski
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Babij
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teodor Gotszalk
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
- Center for Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Schroeder
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Grace P, Morton D. Evaluation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography for the quantification of phenylpropanoids in commercial Echinaceaproducts. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Liu Z, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Hu S. Plasma Jet Desorption Atomization-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry and Its Application to Mercury Speciation by Coupling with Thin Layer Chromatography. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10170-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3028504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Biogeology
and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- State Key
Laboratory of Biogeology
and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Hongtao Zheng
- Faculty
of Material Science and
Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State Key
Laboratory of Biogeology
and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, 430074
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7
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Berezkin V, Khrebtova S. The development of planar chromatography in 1980–1990 and 2000–2010 (the Scientometric Study). JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Cui J, Yue Y, Tang F, Wang J. HPTLC analysis of the flavonoids in eight species ofIndocalamusleaves. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Preparation and Characterization of Stealth Archaeosomes Based on a Synthetic PEGylated Archaeal Tetraether Lipid. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2011:396068. [PMID: 21603209 PMCID: PMC3095417 DOI: 10.1155/2011/396068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present studies were focused on the formation and characterization of sterically stabilized archaeosomes made from a synthetic PEGylated archaeal lipid. In a first step, a synthetic archaeal tetraether bipolar lipid was functionalized with a poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, and (PEG(45)-Tetraether) with the aim of coating the archaeosome surface with a sterically stabilizing hydrophilic polymer. In a second step, Egg-PC/PEG(45)-Tetraether (90/10 wt%) archaeosomes were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics were determined by dynamic light scattering (size, polydispersity), cryo-TEM (morphology), and by high-performance thin layer chromatography (lipid composition), in comparison with standard Egg-PC/PEG(45)-DSPE formulations. Further, a fluorescent dye, the carboxyfluorescein, was encapsulated into the prepared archaeosomes in order to evaluate the potential of such nanostructures as drug carriers. Release studies have shown that the stability of Egg-PC/PEG(45)-Tetraether-based archaeosomes is significantly higher at 37°C than the one of Egg-PC/PEG(45)-DSPE-based liposomes, as evidenced by the slower release of the dye encapsulated into PEGylated archaeosomes. This enhanced stability could be related to the membrane spanning properties of the archaeal bipolar lipid as already described with natural or synthetic tetraether lipids.
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Lee SJ, Choi JY, Park S, Chung JI, Jin JS, Lee SJ, Sung NJ, Bae DW, Shin SC. Determination of phospholipids in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) cultivars by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Sun J, Yue Y, Tang F, Guo X. Simultaneous HPTLC analysis of flavonoids in the leaves of three different species of bamboo. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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13
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Validated HPTLC methods for the determination of salicin in Salix sp. and of harpagoside in Harpogophytum procumbens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:587-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Efficient method of cyclic imides synthesis under ozone influence by the example of ε-caprolactam oxidation reaction. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Ligor M, Kornyšova O, Maruška A, Buszewski B. Determination of flavonoids in tea and Rooibos extracts by TLC and HPLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Fan W, Yue Y, Tang F, Cao H. Use of HPTLC for simultaneous determination of three fungicides in tomatoes. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.20.2007.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Lin SY, Huang MZ, Chang HC, Shiea J. Using Electrospray-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Organic Compounds Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8789-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac070590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University; and National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Min-Zong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University; and National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chiu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University; and National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University; and National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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18
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Gao F, Zhang Z, Fu X, Li W, Wang T, Liu H. Analysis of phospholipids by NACE with on-line ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1418-25. [PMID: 17372939 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A hyphenated method of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NACE-ESI-MS) is described for the simultaneous analysis of phospholipids. The best results were obtained with a mixed solution of methanol/ACN (40:60 v/v) containing 20 mM ammonium acetate and 0.5% acetic acid, under the applied voltage of 30 kV and capillary temperature of 25 degrees C. ESI-MS measurements were performed in the negative mode with methanol/ACN (40:60 v/v) containing 50 mM ammonium acetate as sheath liquid at a flow rate of 2 microL/min. Different phospholipid classes have been successfully separated within 16 min, and the molecular species of every single class have been identified by using MS(2) or MS(3), which generates characteristic fragments through CID. The developed method has been applied to analyze the phospholipids extracted from rat peritoneal surface and the molecular species of phospholipid classes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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19
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Satoh AY, Trosko JE, Masten SJ. Methylene blue dye test for rapid qualitative detection of hydroxyl radicals formed in a Fenton's reaction aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:2881-7. [PMID: 17533853 DOI: 10.1021/es0617800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new procedure, the methylene blue dye test, qualitatively indicates the presence of hydroxyl radicals through the immediate, distinct bleaching of methylene blue dye on a paper test strip. This method employs a simple procedure requiring inexpensive materials, without the addition of competitive probe chemicals that potentially can interfere with the reaction. A Fenton's reaction with an Fe2+:H2O2 molar ratio of 1:20 generated hydroxyl radicals in Milli-Q water. The presence and absence of hydroxyl radicals were determined prior to and following quenching of the Fenton's reaction with 10% sodium sulfite, respectively. Bleaching of methylene blue dye, due to the presence of hydroxyl radicals in a sample,was indicated by a discoloration from a dark blue color to an almost white color, concentrated at the point of application, with a dark blue outline. A lack of bleaching indicated the absence of hydroxyl radicals in the sample. The presence of hydroxyl radicals was verified by benzoic acid chemical probe experiments with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometric wavelength scans. The presence of hydroxyl radicals was indirectly determined by detection of hydroxylated benzoic acids on TLC plates and a violet solution color with a peak absorbance at a wavelength close to 520 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Y Satoh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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20
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Báthori M, Kalász H, Janicsák G, Pongrácz Z, Vámos J. Thin‐Layer Chromatography of Phytoecdysteroids. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120024534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Báthori
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Szeged , Eötvös utca 6, H‐6720 , Szeged , Hungary
| | - H. Kalász
- b Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - G. Janicsák
- c Economical and Botanical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Vácrátót , Hungary
| | - Z. Pongrácz
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Szeged , Eötvös utca 6, H‐6720 , Szeged , Hungary
| | - J. Vámos
- b Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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21
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Cimpoiu C, Hosu A, Hodisan S. Analysis of some steroids by thin-layer chromatography using optimum mobile phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:633-7. [PMID: 16427238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was the analysis of five androstane isomers by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The choice of proper mobile phase and the optimization of the mobile phase composition are very important because the chromatographic separation is difficult to achieve. In the first step, the proper mobile phase system was chosen from seven elution systems presented in the literature using numerical taxonomy method. The proper solvent system was found to be the mixture of chloroform, acetone, and petroleum ether. In the second step the composition of mobile phase was optimized by "simplex" method and "prisma" method. The optimum TLC system can be applied for the separation of androstane isomers from real samples such as drug formulation, biological and natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cimpoiu
- "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, România
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22
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Gao F, Tian X, Wen D, Liao J, Wang T, Liu H. Analysis of phospholipid species in rat peritoneal surface layer by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:667-76. [PMID: 16714143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main phospholipids in rat peritoneal surface layer were analyzed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap mass spectrometry (MS). By using a silica gel column and a gradient of hexane/isopropanol/water as mobile phase containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate as modifiers, a baseline separation of glycerophosphoehtanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) was obtained and more than 90 phospholipid constituents in rat peritoneal surface were identified and determined by on-line ion-trap MS detection. The major ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in rat peritoneal surfaces were plasmalogens that were highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position. In addition, the fragmentation patterns for each phospholipid class by the ion-trap MS were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Gao F, Dong J, Li W, Wang T, Liao J, Liao Y, Liu H. Separation of phospholipids by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1130:259-64. [PMID: 16620855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for separation of different anionic and zwitterionic phospholipid classes by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), using indirect UV detection with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as background electrolyte and the UV-absorbing additive, was successfully developed in this study. The separation conditions including apparent pH (pH*) of running buffer, concentration of AMP, organic solvent, applied voltage and capillary temperature were systematically optimized. The application of this method to human blood sample was also briefly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Apers S, Naessens T, Pieters L, Vlietinck A. Densitometric thin-layer chromatographic determination of aescin in a herbal medicinal product containing Aesculus and Vitis dry extracts. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:165-70. [PMID: 16364347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method is developed to analyze the total saponin content, also referred to as the aescin content, in a herbal medicinal product (HMP) containing two dry extracts in capsules. The capsules contain 250 mg of Aesculus hippocastanum dry extract, 120 mg of Vitis vinifera dry extract and 50mg of excipients. After a purification step using C(18) solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, the samples are analyzed on a silica-gel HPTLC plate with the upper layer of a mixture of acetic acid/water/butanol (10/40/50 v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Spots are visualized by spraying with anisaldehyde reagent and heating the plate for 5-10 min (100-105 degrees C) and measured at a wavelength of 535 nm. This method, applicable for the quality control and stability investigation of both the Aesculus dry extract and HMP capsules thereof containing Vitis dry extract in combination with the Aesculus dry extract, is validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The proposed assay method is specific for aescin in the presence of Vitis dry extract and formulation excipients. Analysis of stressed samples in forced degradation tests proves the method to be applicable for stability evaluation. The standard aescin curve is linear (r > 0.99) over a concentration range of 0.16-0.80 microg/spot. Recovery from the HMP capsules is statistically equal to 100%. The precision of the method with respect to time and concentration is acceptable, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.28 and 1.49%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Apers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Hsu FL, Chen CH, Yuan CH, Shiea J. Interfaces to connect thin-layer chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2003; 75:2493-8. [PMID: 12918995 DOI: 10.1021/ac0203746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study has developed two interfaces to connect small-size thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for the continuous analysis of organic mixtures. The interfaces are (1) two bound optical fibers inserted into the C18-bonded particles at the exit of a small TLC channel and (2) a small commercial TLC strip with a sharpened tip. A reservoir continuously supplied a makeup solution to the tip of the TLC channel. The high voltage required for electrospray ionization was introduced into the makeup solution or mobile phase through a Pt wire, and electrospray was generated at the tip of the bonded optical fibers and at the sharp end of the TLC strip. Since small-size TLC channels were used, the elution time was short and less than 0.2 microL of the sample solution and 200 microL of the eluting solvent were required. Organic mixtures were separated successfully and detected on-line using the TLC/ES-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Liu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Van Berkel GJ, Sanchez AD, Quirke JME. Thin-layer chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry coupled using a surface sampling probe. Anal Chem 2002; 74:6216-23. [PMID: 12510741 DOI: 10.1021/ac020540+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined surface sampling probe/electrospray emitter was used for the direct readout of thin-layer chromatography plates by electrospray mass spectrometry. The technique was demonstrated with reversed-phase C18 plates using a three-dye mixture composed of methylene blue, crystal violet, and rhodamine 6G for positive ion mode detection and a separate dye mixture containing fluorescein, naphthol blue black, and fast green FCF for negative ion mode detection. Acquisition of mass spectra of components of individual bands on the plate was shown by manual stepping to and sampling from specific locations within the bands. Computer-controlled scanning of development lanes on the plate was illustrated by using multiple ion monitoring in both positive and negative ion modes. Commercial TLC plates were used and no post-separation processing other than drying of the plates was required prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Readout resolution, the limits of scan speed, detection levels, TLC phase, and eluting solvents were investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, USA.
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