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Guerroudj F, Guendouz L, Hreiz R, Commenge JM, Bianchin J, Morlot C, Dung Le T, Perrin JC. 3D Magnetic resonance velocimetry for the characterization of hydrodynamics in microdevices: application to micromixers and comparison with CFD simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Friebel A, Specht T, von Harbou E, Münnemann K, Hasse H. Prediction of flow effects in quantitative NMR measurements. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106683. [PMID: 32014660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for the prediction of the magnetization in flow NMR experiments is presented, which can be applied to mixtures. It enables a quantitative evaluation of NMR spectra of flowing liquid samples even in cases in which the magnetization is limited by the flow. A transport model of the nuclei's magnetization, which is based on the Bloch-equations, is introduced into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This code predicts the velocity field and relative magnetization of different nuclei for any chosen flow cell geometry, fluid and flow rate. The prediction of relative magnetization is used to correct the observed reduction of signal intensity caused by incomplete premagnetization in fast flowing liquids. By means of the model, quantitative NMR measurements at high flow rates are possible. The method is predictive and enables calculating correction factors for any flow cell design and operating condition based on simple static T1 time measurements. This makes time-consuming calibration measurements for assessing the influence of flow effects obsolete, which otherwise would have to be carried out for each studied condition. The new method is especially interesting for flow measurements with compact medium field NMR spectrometers, which have small premagnetization volumes. In the present work, experiments with three different flow cells in a medium field NMR spectrometer were carried out. Acetonitrile, water, and mixtures of these components were used as model fluids. The experimental results for the magnetization were compared to the predictions from the CFD model and good agreement was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Friebel
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Specht
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erik von Harbou
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Münnemann
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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3
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Nybo E, Maneval JE, Codd SL, Ryder MA, James GA, Woodbury J, Seymour JD. Flow velocity maps measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in medical intravenous catheter needleless connectors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:1-11. [PMID: 29413999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work explains the motivation, advantages, and novel approach of using velocity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the hydrodynamics in a complicated structural biomedical device such as an intravenous catheter needleless connector (NC). MRI was applied as a non-invasive and non-destructive technique to evaluate the fluid dynamics associated with various internal designs of the NC. Spatial velocity maps of fluid flow at specific locations within these medical devices were acquired. Dynamic MRI is demonstrated as an effective method to quantify flow patterns and fluid dynamic dependence on structural features of NCs. These spatial velocity maps could be used as a basis for groundtruthing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods that could impact the design of NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Nybo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - James E Maneval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Garth A James
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Joseph D Seymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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4
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Dalitz F, Maiwald M, Guthausen G. Considerations on the design of flow cells in by-pass systems for process analytical applications and its influence on the flow profile using NMR and CFD. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Teisseyre TZ, Paulsen JL, Bajaj VS, Halpern-Manners NW, Pines A. Compressive sampling with prior information in remotely detected MRI of microfluidic devices. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 216:13-20. [PMID: 22386645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The design and operation of microfluidic analytical devices depends critically on tools to probe microscale chemistry and flow dynamics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems ideally suited to this task, but its sensitivity is compromised because the fluid-containing channels in "lab on a chip" devices occupy only a small fraction of the enclosing detector's volume; as a result, the few microfluidic applications of NMR have required custom-designed chips harboring many detectors at specific points of interest. To overcome this limitation, we have developed remotely detected microfluidic MRI, in which an MR image is stored in the phase and intensity of each analyte's NMR signal and sensitively detected by a single, volume-matched detector at the device outflow, and combined it with compressed sensing for rapid image acquisition. Here, we build upon our previous work and introduce a method that incorporates our prior knowledge of the microfluidic device geometry to further decrease acquisition times. We demonstrate its use in multidimensional velocimetric imaging of a microfluidic mixer, acquiring microscopically detailed images 128 times faster than is possible with conventional sampling. This prior information also informs our choice of sampling schedule, resulting in a scheme that is optimized for a specific flow geometry. Finally, we test our approach in synthetic data and explore potential reconstruction errors as a function of optimization and reconstruction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Z Teisseyre
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Dalitz F, Cudaj M, Maiwald M, Guthausen G. Process and reaction monitoring by low-field NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 60:52-70. [PMID: 22293399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Dalitz
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, SRG10-2, KIT, Adenauerring 20 b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Teisseyre TZ, Urban J, Halpern-Manners NW, Chambers SD, Bajaj VS, Svec F, Pines A. Remotely Detected NMR for the Characterization of Flow and Fast Chromatographic Separations Using Organic Polymer Monoliths. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6004-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Z. Teisseyre
- Program in Bioengineering, University of California—Berkeley and University of California—San Francisco, California 94133, United States
| | - Jiri Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Stuart D. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vikram S. Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Program in Bioengineering, University of California—Berkeley and University of California—San Francisco, California 94133, United States
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Kc R, Gowda YN, Djukovic D, Henry ID, Park GHJ, Raftery D. Susceptibility-matched plugs for microcoil NMR probes. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 205:63-8. [PMID: 20510638 PMCID: PMC2891982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For mass-limited samples, the residual sample volume outside the detection coil is an important concern, as is good base line resolution. Here, we present the construction and evaluation of magnetic susceptibility-matched plugs for microcoil NMR sample cells which address these issues. Mixed-epoxy glue and ultem tube plugs that have susceptibility values close to those of perfluorocarbon FC-43 (fluorinert) and copper were used in small volume (0.5-2 microL) and larger volume (15-20 microL) thin glass capillary sample cells. Using these plugs, the sample volume efficiency (i.e. ratio of active volume to total sample volume in the microcoil NMR cell) was improved by 6-12-fold without sensitivity and resolution trade-offs. Comparison with laser etched or heat etched microcoil sample cells is provided. The approaches described are potentially useful in metabolomics for biomarkers detection in mass limited biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Daniel Raftery Professor of Chemistry Purdue University Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907 Office: (765) 494-6070 FAX: (765) 494-0239
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Utz M, Monazami R. Nuclear magnetic resonance in microfluidic environments using inductively coupled radiofrequency resonators. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 198:132-136. [PMID: 19237303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inductively coupled radiofrequency resonators can provide NMR signals from small samples wirelessly and with high sensitivity. We explore the achievable sensitivity depending on the resonator's Q-factor and its cross-inductance to the NMR probe. Even for small resonators with modest Q, the sensitivity can be close to that of directly (impedance) coupled microcoils. Sensitivity and excitation power inside inductively coupled solenoids were monitored experimentally by microimaging. The flow velocity profile inside a capillary of 200microm diameter was measured with a resolution and sensitivity that rivals recent work based on directly coupled microcoils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Utz
- Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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Kc R, Henry ID, Park GHJ, Raftery D. Design and construction of a versatile dual volume heteronuclear double resonance microcoil NMR probe. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 197:186-92. [PMID: 19138541 PMCID: PMC2679250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved NMR detection of mass limited samples can be obtained by taking advantage of the mass sensitivity of microcoil NMR, while throughput issues can be addressed using multiple, parallel sample detection coils. We present the design and construction of a double resonance 300-MHz dual volume microcoil NMR probe with thermally etched 440-nL detection volumes and fused silica transfer lines for high-throughput stopped-flow or flow-through sample analysis. Two orthogonal solenoidal detection coils and the novel use of shielded inductors allowed the construction of a probe with negligible radio-frequency cross talk. The probe was resonated at (1)H-(2)D (upper coil) and (1)H-(13)C (lower coil) frequencies such that it could perform 1D and 2D experiments with active locking frequency. The coils exhibited line widths of 0.8-1.1 Hz with good mass sensitivity for both (1)H and (13)C NMR detection. (13)C-directly detected (2)D HETCOR spectra of 5% v/v (13)C labeled acetic acid were obtained in less than 5 min. Demonstration of the probe characteristics as well as applications of the versatile two-coil double resonance probe are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Daniel Raftery, Professor of Chemistry, Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, Office: (765) 494-6070, FAX: (765) 494-0239,
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11
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Raguin LG, Ciobanu L. Multiple echo NMR velocimetry: fast and localized measurements of steady and pulsatile flows in small channels. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 184:337-43. [PMID: 17112754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of fluid transport in miniaturized flow devices is an important component in the design of flow cells, micromixers, and microreactors. In this manuscript, we employ NMR in the form of a voxel-selective multiple modulation multiple echo sequence (MMMEV) to monitor average velocities in individual microchannels inside a six-channel network. The technique produces average velocities which are consistent with the imposed flow rates. In addition, we take advantage of the short acquisition time (32 ms per velocity component) of the technique to quantitatively track the time evolution of the fluid velocity in a pulsatile flow phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guy Raguin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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12
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Hilty C, McDonnell EE, Granwehr J, Pierce KL, Han SI, Pines A. Microfluidic gas-flow profiling using remote-detection NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:14960-3. [PMID: 16214884 PMCID: PMC1257736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507566102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to obtain spatially and temporally resolved profiles of gas flow in microfluidic devices. Remote detection of the NMR signal both overcomes the sensitivity limitation of NMR and enables time-of-flight measurement in addition to spatially resolved imaging. Thus, detailed insight is gained into the effects of flow, diffusion, and mixing in specific geometries. The ability for noninvasive measurement of microfluidic flow, without the introduction of foreign tracer particles, is unique to this approach and is important for the design and operation of microfluidic devices. Although here we demonstrate an application to gas flow, extension to liquids, which have higher density, is implicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hilty
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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13
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Webb AG. Nuclear magnetic resonance coupled microseparations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:688-96. [PMID: 16049953 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increased separation efficiency afforded by reducing the size of the separation column has resulted in 'microseparations' becoming an important component in many chemical and biochemical applications. The coupling of microseparations with NMR detection is an area of increasing interest owing to the high structural information of NMR. In order to couple efficiently with the separation, the NMR detector must be reduced in size to correspond to that of the separation peak. This paper summarizes some of the approaches used in coupling NMR detection with pressure-driven and electrophoretic microseparations, the design of small NMR detectors and applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Webb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
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