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Jones CJ, Larive CK. Could smaller really be better? Current and future trends in high-resolution microcoil NMR spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:61-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diekmann J, Adams KL, Klunder GL, Evans L, Steele P, Vogt C, Herberg JL. Portable Microcoil NMR Detection Coupled to Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Diekmann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Kristl L. Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Gregory L. Klunder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Lee Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Paul Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Carla Vogt
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Julie L. Herberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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Norcross JA, Milling CT, Olson DL, Xu D, Audrieth A, Albrecht R, Ruan K, Likos J, Jones C, Peck TL. Multiplexed NMR: an automated CapNMR dual-sample probe. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7227-36. [PMID: 20681560 DOI: 10.1021/ac101003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of microscale, nuclear magnetic resonance (CapNMR) probe technology employs two independent detection elements to accommodate two samples simultaneously. Each detection element in the dual-sample CapNMR probe (DSP) delivers the same spectral resolution and S/N as in a CapNMR probe configured to accommodate one sample at a time. A high degree of electrical isolation allows the DSP to be used in a variety of data acquisition modes. Both samples are shimmed simultaneously to achieve high spectral resolution for simultaneous data acquisition, or alternatively, a flowcell-specific shim set is readily called via spectrometer subroutines to enable acquisition from one sample while the other is being loaded. An automation system accommodates loading of two samples via dual injection ports on an autosampler and two completely independent flowpaths leading to dedicated flowcells in the DSP probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Norcross
- Protasis/MRM Corporation, 101 West Tomaras Avenue, Savoy, Illinois 61874, USA
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Fratila RM, Velders AH. Small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:227-249. [PMID: 21391818 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most information-rich analytical techniques available. However, it is also inherently insensitive, and this drawback precludes the application of NMR spectroscopy to mass- and volume-limited samples. We review a particular approach to increase the sensitivity of NMR experiments, namely the use of miniaturized coils. When the size of the coil is reduced, the sample volume can be brought down to the nanoliter range. We compare the main coil geometries (solenoidal, planar, and microslot/stripline) and discuss their applications to the analysis of mass-limited samples. We also provide an overview of the hyphenation of microcoil NMR spectroscopy to separation techniques and of the integration with lab-on-a-chip devices and microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca M Fratila
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Kc R, Henry ID, Park GHJ, Raftery D. Design and construction of a versatile dual volume heteronuclear double resonance microcoil NMR probe. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 197:186-92. [PMID: 19138541 PMCID: PMC2679250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved NMR detection of mass limited samples can be obtained by taking advantage of the mass sensitivity of microcoil NMR, while throughput issues can be addressed using multiple, parallel sample detection coils. We present the design and construction of a double resonance 300-MHz dual volume microcoil NMR probe with thermally etched 440-nL detection volumes and fused silica transfer lines for high-throughput stopped-flow or flow-through sample analysis. Two orthogonal solenoidal detection coils and the novel use of shielded inductors allowed the construction of a probe with negligible radio-frequency cross talk. The probe was resonated at (1)H-(2)D (upper coil) and (1)H-(13)C (lower coil) frequencies such that it could perform 1D and 2D experiments with active locking frequency. The coils exhibited line widths of 0.8-1.1 Hz with good mass sensitivity for both (1)H and (13)C NMR detection. (13)C-directly detected (2)D HETCOR spectra of 5% v/v (13)C labeled acetic acid were obtained in less than 5 min. Demonstration of the probe characteristics as well as applications of the versatile two-coil double resonance probe are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Daniel Raftery, Professor of Chemistry, Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, Office: (765) 494-6070, FAX: (765) 494-0239,
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Kentgens APM, Bart J, van Bentum PJM, Brinkmann A, van Eck ERH, Gardeniers JGE, Janssen JWG, Knijn P, Vasa S, Verkuijlen MHW. High-resolution liquid- and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of nanoliter sample volumes using microcoil detectors. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2833560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Anwar MS, Hilty C, Chu C, Bouchard LS, Pierce KL, Pines A. Spin Coherence Transfer in Chemical Transformations Monitored by Remote Detection NMR. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2806-11. [PMID: 17335181 DOI: 10.1021/ac062327+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment using continuous flow in a microfluidic channel for studying the transfer of spin coherence in nonequilibrium chemical processes. We use the principle of remote detection, which involves spatially separated NMR encoding and detection coils. As an example, we provide the map of chemical shift correlations for the amino acid alanine as it transitions from the zwitterionic to the anionic form. The presented method uniquely allows for tracking the migration of encoded spins during the course of any chemical transformation and can provide useful information about reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabieh Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Division of Materials Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 11-D64, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Natishan TK. Recent Progress in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200053014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Natishan
- a Merck & Co., Inc. , Merck Research Laboratories, Analytical Research , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Takahashi Y, Nakakoshi M, Sakurai S, Akiyama Y, Suematsu H, Utsumi H, Kitamori T. Development of an NMR Interface Microchip "MICCS" for Direct Detection of Reaction Products and Intermediates of Micro-syntheses Using a "MICCS-NMR". ANAL SCI 2007; 23:395-400. [PMID: 17420541 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of an NMR interface microchip and its applications to the real-time monitoring of chemical reactions are described. The microchip device was named "MICCS" (MIcro Channeled Cell for Synthesis monitoring), and the method using it was named "MICCS-NMR". MICCS was inserted into a 5 mm Phi NMR sample tube. Thus standard solution NMR probes without any modifications can be used in MICCS-NMR measurements. A gap between MICCS and the sample tube was filled with a deuterated solvent for an NMR lock. The reaction temperature and reaction time in MICCS can be easily changed by adjusting the temperature of the NMR probe and changing the flow rates, respectively. The effectiveness of the MICCS-NMR was verified in the real-time monitoring of the Wittig reaction. Preliminary data on the direct detection of intermediates of the Grignard reaction is also reported. Besides real-time monitoring of chemical reactions, MICCS-NMR would be useful as a qualitative detection method for microchip-based synthesis.
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Poinsot V, Lacroix M, Maury D, Chataigne G, Feurer B, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:176-94. [PMID: 16421950 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a number of articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2003 to May 2005. This review article follows the previous ones of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078-3083), Prata et al. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129-4138), and Poinsot et al. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047-4062). Several new developments in amino acid analysis with CE are reported concerning UV detection, LIF, MS, and NMR. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical and pharmaceutical studies, neuroclinical applications, and agricultural and food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Université Paul Sabatier, IMRCP, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France
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Almeida VK, Larive CK. Insights into cyclodextrin interactions during sample stacking using capillary isotachophoresis with on-line microcoil NMR detection. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:755-61. [PMID: 16049945 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
On-line capillary isotachophoresis (cITP)-NMR experiments were used to probe the interactions of the pharmaceutical compounds S-alprenolol, S-atenolol, R-propranolol, R-salbutamol and S-terbutaline with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) during cITP concentration. In cITP, ionic analytes are concentrated and separated on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility. Because neutral molecules have an electrophoretic mobility of zero, they are normally not concentrated or separated in electrophoretic experiments like cITP. Most of the analytes studied were concentrated by cITP sample stacking by a factor of around 300. For analytes that formed a strong inclusion complex, beta-CD co-concentrated during cITP sample stacking. However, once the focusing process was complete, a discrete diffusional boundary formed between the cITP-focused analyte band and the leading and trailing electrolyte, which restricted diffusion into and out of the analyte band.
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Webb AG. Nuclear magnetic resonance coupled microseparations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:688-96. [PMID: 16049953 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increased separation efficiency afforded by reducing the size of the separation column has resulted in 'microseparations' becoming an important component in many chemical and biochemical applications. The coupling of microseparations with NMR detection is an area of increasing interest owing to the high structural information of NMR. In order to couple efficiently with the separation, the NMR detector must be reduced in size to correspond to that of the separation peak. This paper summarizes some of the approaches used in coupling NMR detection with pressure-driven and electrophoretic microseparations, the design of small NMR detectors and applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Webb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
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