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Gutiérrez-Serpa A, Rocío-Bautista P, Pino V, Jiménez-Moreno F, Jiménez-Abizanda AI. Gold nanoparticles based solid-phase microextraction coatings for determining organochlorine pesticides in aqueous environmental samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2009-2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gutiérrez-Serpa
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Priscilla Rocío-Bautista
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Ana I. Jiménez-Abizanda
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
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2
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Rocío-Bautista P, Pacheco-Fernández I, Pasán J, Pino V. Are metal-organic frameworks able to provide a new generation of solid-phase microextraction coatings? – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 939:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Pino V, Germán-Hernández M, Martín-Pérez A, Anderson JL. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants in Separation Science. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.620589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Mehling T, Ingram T, Smirnova I. Experimental methods and prediction with COSMO-RS to determine partition coefficients in complex surfactant systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:118-124. [PMID: 22091584 DOI: 10.1021/la2028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-based separation processes are a promising alternative to conventional organic solvent processes. A crucial parameter to describe the efficiency of such processes is the partition coefficient between the surfactant aggregates (micelles) and the aqueous bulk phase. In this work, several experimental methods to determine these partition coefficients (micellar liquid chromatography, micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, and cloud point extraction) are evaluated and compared. In addition, these results are compared to predictions with the thermodynamic model COSMO-RS. In particular, systems with the nonionic surfactant TritonX-100 are studied. The partition equilibria of various solutes (pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenol, 3-methoxyphenol, and vanillin) and the influence of different additives (alcohols) are investigated. All experimental methods show very good reproducibility. Moreover, the results from different methods are in good agreement, supplementing one another concerning the temperature ranges. Notably, the COSMO-RS model is capable of predicting partition coefficients between micelles and water in the investigated temperature range and at different alcohol concentrations. The results demonstrate the potential of the model COSMO-RS to facilitate the selection of optimized process parameters for a given separation problem. By predicting partition equilibria in multicomponent systems, the selection of surfactant, temperature, and appropriate additives can be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mehling
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany.
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Yan L, Li X, Chen J, Wang X, Du J, Ma L. Source and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Shanghai, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:116-123. [PMID: 22783622 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to investigate the distribution and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, water, and soil, very little is known about their temporal change in wet deposition. As a result of increased attention to public health, a large-scale survey on the deposition flux and distribution of PAH contamination in rainwater was urgently conducted in Shanghai, China. In this study, 163 rainwater samples were collected from six sites, and 15 PAH compounds were detected by the use of a simple solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dominant PAH species monitored were naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. The concentration of total PAHs per event was between 74 and 980 ng/L, with an average value of 481 ng/L, which is at the high end of worldwide figures. The annual deposition flux of PAHs in rainwater was estimated to be 4148 kg/yr in the Shanghai area, suggesting rainfall as a major possible pathway for removing PAHs from the atmosphere. Diagnostic analysis by the ratios of An/178 and Fl/Fl+Py suggested that combustion of grass, wood, and coal was the major contributor to PAHs in the Shanghai region. Back trajectory analysis also indicated that the pollutant sources could be from the southern part of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yan
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Lloyd NW, Kardaras E, Ebeler SE, Dungan SR. Measuring Local Equilibrium Flavor Distributions in SDS Solution Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14484-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206984q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Lloyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Department of Food Science and Technology, and §Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Eleni Kardaras
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Department of Food Science and Technology, and §Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Susan E. Ebeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Department of Food Science and Technology, and §Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Dungan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ‡Department of Food Science and Technology, and §Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Lloyd NW, Dungan SR, Ebeler SE. Measuring gas-liquid partition coefficients of aroma compounds by solid phase microextraction, sampling either headspace or liquid. Analyst 2011; 136:3375-83. [PMID: 21727981 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic compounds are important odorants and nutrients in foods and beverages, as well as environmental contaminants and pharmaceuticals. Factors influencing their partitioning within multi-component systems and/or from the bulk liquid phase to the air are critical for understanding aroma quality and nutrient bioavailability. The equilibrium partitioning of hydrophobic analytes between air and water was analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) in the headspace (HS-SPME) and via direct immersion in the liquid (DI-SPME). The compounds studied serve as models for hydrophobic aroma compounds covering a range of air-water partition coefficients that extends over four orders of magnitude. By varying the total amount of analyte as well as the ratio of vapor to liquid in the closed, static system, the partition coefficient, K(vl), can be determined without the need for an external calibration, eliminating many potential systematic errors. K(vl) determination using DI-SPME in this manner has not been demonstrated before. There was good agreement between results determined by DI-SPME and by HS-SPME over the wide range of partitioning behavior studied. This shows that these two methods are capable of providing accurate, complementary measurements. Precision in K(vl) determination depends strongly on K(vl) magnitude and the ratio of the air and liquid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Lloyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Zhang X, Oakes KD, Hoque ME, Luong D, Metcalfe CD, Pawliszyn J, Servos MR. Pre-Equilibrium Solid-Phase Microextraction of Free Analyte in Complex Samples: Correction for Mass Transfer Variation from Protein Binding and Matrix Tortuosity. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3365-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Md Ehsanul Hoque
- Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | | | - Chris D. Metcalfe
- Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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9
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Zhang X, Oakes KD, Luong D, Wen JZ, Metcalfe CD, Pawliszyn J, Servos MR. Temporal Resolution of Solid-Phase Microextraction: Measurement of Real-Time Concentrations within a Dynamic System. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9492-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102186u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Ken D. Oakes
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Di Luong
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - John Z. Wen
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Chris D. Metcalfe
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Mark R. Servos
- Departments of Biology, of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, and of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, and Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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10
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Wu F, Lu W, Chen J, Liu W, Zhang L. Single-walled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of pesticides in Tea samples. Talanta 2010; 82:1038-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Zhang ZQ, Kim WT, Park YC, Chung D. Thermodynamics of partitioning of allyl isothiocyanate in oil/air, oil/water, and octanol/water systems. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Cai J, Oakes KD, Breton F, Servos MR, Pawliszyn J. Development of the Space-Resolved Solid-Phase Microextraction Technique and Its Application to Biological Matrices. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7349-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900718q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ken D. Oakes
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - François Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mark R. Servos
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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13
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Chalumot G, Yao C, Pino V, Anderson JL. Determining the stoichiometry and binding constants of inclusion complexes formed between aromatic compounds and β-cyclodextrin by solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Krivorot M, Oren Y, Talmon Y, Gilron J. Determination of Tribromo-neopentyl Alcohol Micelle Distribution Coefficients in Single and Mixture Solutions for Evaluation of Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration Feasibility in Treating Contaminated Groundwater. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8011352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Krivorot
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Y. Oren
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Y. Talmon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - J. Gilron
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research and Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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15
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Xu HL, Li Y, Jiang DQ, Yan XP. Hydrofluoric Acid Etched Stainless Steel Wire for Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4971-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900743s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ling Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Qing Jiang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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Yao C, Pino V, Anderson JL. Utilization of solid-phase microextraction–high-performance liquid chromatography in the determination of aromatic analyte partitioning to imidazolium-based ionic liquid micelles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Mahugo Santana C, Sosa Ferrera Z, Esther Torres Padrón M, Juan Santana Rodríguez J. Methodologies for the extraction of phenolic compounds from environmental samples: new approaches. Molecules 2009; 14:298-320. [PMID: 19136918 PMCID: PMC6253767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic derivatives are among the most important contaminants present in the environment. These compounds are used in several industrial processes to manufacture chemicals such as pesticides, explosives, drugs and dyes. They also are used in the bleaching process of paper manufacturing. Apart from these sources, phenolic compounds have substantial applications in agriculture as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. However, phenolic compounds are not only generated by human activity, but they are also formed naturally, e.g., during the decomposition of leaves or wood. As a result of these applications, they are found in soils and sediments and this often leads to wastewater and ground water contamination. Owing to their high toxicity and persistence in the environment, both, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union have included some of them in their lists of priority pollutants. Current standard methods of phenolic compounds analysis in water samples are based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) while Soxhlet extraction is the most used technique for isolating phenols from solid matrices. However, these techniques require extensive cleanup procedures that are time-intensive and involve expensive and hazardous organic solvents, which are undesirable for health and disposal reasons. In the last years, the use of news methodologies such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have increased for the extraction of phenolic compounds from liquid samples. In the case of solid samples, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) is demonstrated to be an efficient technique for the extraction of these compounds. In this work we review the developed methods in the extraction and determination of phenolic derivatives in different types of environmental matrices such as water, sediments and soils. Moreover, we present the new approach in the use of micellar media coupled with SPME process for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The advantages of micellar media over conventional extractants are reduction of organic solvent, low cost, easy handling and shorter time procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mahugo Santana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Bagheri H, Babanezhad E, Es-haghi A. An aniline-based fiber coating for solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:168-74. [PMID: 17316658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fiber coating from polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically prepared and employed for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples. The PANI film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The applicability of this coating was assessed employing a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction of some PAHs from the headspace of aqueous samples. Application of wider potential range in CV led to a PANI with more stability against the temperature. The homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that this polymer is a suitable SPME fiber coating for extracting the selected PAHs. Important parameters influencing the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 40 min at 40 degrees C gave maximum peak area, when the aqueous sample was added with NaCl (20%, w/v). The synthesis of the PANI can be carried out conveniently and in a reproducible manner while it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The film thickness of PANI can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. The resulting thickness was roughly 20 microm after 20 cycles. At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for a double distilled water spiked with selected PAHs at ppb level were 8.80-16.8% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.1-6 pg mL(-1). The performance of PANI was, also, compared with a commercial solid coated-based SPME fiber, carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB), under similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Pino V, Baltazar QQ, Anderson JL. Examination of analyte partitioning to monocationic and dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid aggregates using solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1148:92-9. [PMID: 17374375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography has been used to study the partitioning behaviour of several analytes to four monocationic and two dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) aggregates. The 14 different analytes studied consisted of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and esters. The obtained partition coefficients for analytes that exhibited partitioning into the IL-aggregates ranged from 30 to 5200. Hydrophobic analytes (with octanol-water partition coefficients higher than 300) appear to be preferably extracted over more polar analytes revealing the possibility of carrying out selective extractions using these aggregate systems. Monocationic IL-aggregates generally exhibited higher partition coefficients compared to analogous dicationic ILs. The micellar shape of the IL-aggregates also influences the extent of analyte partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Pino V, Afonso AM, Ayala JH, González V. Micellar solid-phase microextraction for determining partition coefficients of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in micellar media: possible prediction of hydrocarbon–micelle behaviour. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2271-81. [PMID: 17203263 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Micellar solid-phase microextraction (MSPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used to obtain partition coefficients of a group of 18 substituted aromatic hydrocarbons to ionic and nonionic micelles. Statistical and factor analyses have been utilized to establish some general equations relating molecular descriptors of non-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their partition coefficients obtained by MSPME. The obtained equations have correlation coefficients higher than 0.94. They are used to predict hydrocarbon-micelle partition coefficients for a group of hydrocarbons with reported literature values giving a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard deviation of the prediction of 0.182. The predictive model was also applied to substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with partition coefficient values obtained by MSPME, with a 69% level of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Spain.
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Pino V, Ayala JH, González V, Afonso AM. Focused microwave-assisted micellar extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction--gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine chlorophenols in wood samples. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 582:10-8. [PMID: 17386468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the utilization of the focused microwave-assisted micellar extraction in combination with the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to determine chlorophenols in wood samples. The influence of the nature of the surfactant in the extraction process, the optimization of the variables of the focused-microwave system, and the effect of the ageing time of the samples in the extraction efficiency of the method, have been assessed in this study. The overall method using the non-ionic surfactant POLE as extracting medium allows us to determine chlorophenols in wood samples achieving an average extraction efficiency of 104.1%, limits of detection ranging from 2 to 120 ng g(-1), and intermediate precision values ranging between 3.5 and 13.2%. The proposed method is also characterized by short analysis times (around 5 min for the microwaves extraction step) and by avoiding the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain
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Pino V, Conde FJ, Ayala JH, González V, Afonso AM. Correlations Between Phenols-Micelles Partition Coefficients and Several Molecular Descriptors. An Approach to Predict the Phenols Behaviour in MSPME. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hsieh YN, Huang PC, Sun IW, Whang TJ, Hsu CY, Huang HH, Kuei CH. Nafion membrane-supported ionic liquid–solid phase microextraction for analyzing ultra trace PAHs in water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Williamson Y, Davis JM. Modeling of anti-Langmuirian peaks in micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Benzene and naphthalene. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4026-42. [PMID: 16252326 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Peaks of benzene (bz) and naphthalene (np) having diffuse fronts and steep rears under overload conditions were studied quantitatively in MEKC with SDS surfactant. The retardation factors of these compounds, solubilized at microM to mM concentrations by either 10, 30, or 50 mM SDS, were determined by vacancy MEKC and frontal analysis MEKC. Isotherm coordinates were calculated from the retardation factors, and the equation for the concave upward anti-Langmuir isotherm was fit to them. Peak profiles were computed with the MacCormack algorithm from the isotherm fits and a simplified continuity equation appropriate to MEKC. These profiles were compared to ones generated in normal MEKC from samples of bz and np solubilized at muM to mM concentrations by either 10, 30, or 50 mM SDS. In all cases, the anti-Langmuir isotherm described the asymmetry of experimental peaks. For bz in 30 and 50 mM SDS and np in 10 and 50 mM SDS, good to excellent agreement was found between the experimental and predicted profiles. For bz in 10 mM SDS, the experimental profiles were more broadened than the predicted ones, although their asymmetries agreed. For np in 30 mM SDS, the experimental isotherm predicted greater peak asymmetry than was observed, and the correct anti-Langmuir isotherm for all sample concentrations and field strengths was calculated from the most asymmetrical peak by the inverse method. The relative decrease of zone velocity with increasing analyte concentration was calculated from the isotherm parameters, electrokinetic mobilities, retardation factors, surfactant concentrations, and CMC. The simplification of the continuity equation was justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901-4409, USA
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Pino V, Conde FJ, Ayala JH, Afonso AM, González V. Study of the interactions between phenolic compounds and micellar media using micellar solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1099:64-74. [PMID: 16330273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas-chromatography with mass-spectrometry detection has been employed to establish the sensitivity indexes as well as to study the partition coefficients of phenols into ionic and nonionic micelles. The sensitivity indexes values can be used to estimate qualitatively the affinity between phenols and micelles. The studied phenols, some of them with high environmental interest, include chloro-, alkyl-, and methoxy-phenols. The results obtained in this work, using 85 microm polyacrylate fiber and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulphate), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), and nonionic (Triton X-100 and polyoxyethylene-10-lauryl ether) surfactants, indicate that SPME is a viable method for estimating the micelle partition coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain
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Ouyang G, Chen Y, Setkova L, Pawliszyn J. Calibration of solid-phase micro-extraction for quantitative analysis by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1097:9-16. [PMID: 16298180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calibration of SPME by the injection of liquid standard solution is a common method for SPME quantitative analysis by gas chromatography. The feasibility of this calibration method relies on the assumption that sample transfer efficiencies are the same for both the liquid injection and the SPME fiber injection. Sample transfer efficiencies for liquid injection and SPME fiber injection were studied in this paper. The results showed that the sample transfer efficiency for liquid injection was affected by several factors, such as the dimensions of the liner, the presence of the wool, and the temperature of the injector. The sample transfer efficiency for SPME fiber injection was affected by the cross-sectional area of the space between the column and the liner, the carrier gas flow rate, and the length of the column inside the liner. An equation was proposed to estimate the sample loss rate for SPME injection. It was found that the use of a direct injection (DI) liner and program temperature vaporizing provides high sample transfer efficiencies, for both liquid injection and SPME fiber injection. When a common SPME straight liner is used, large outer diameter (o.d.) pre-column will help to achieve high sample transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:129-140. [PMID: 15672451 DOI: 10.1002/jms.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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