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Misra N, Bhatt S, Arefi‐Khonsari F, Kumar V. State of the art in nonthermal plasma processing for biomedical applications: Can it help fight viral pandemics like COVID-19? PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS (PRINT) 2021; 18:2000215. [PMID: 34220401 PMCID: PMC8237024 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasma processing finds widespread biomedical applications, such as the design of biosensors, antibiofouling surfaces, controlled drug delivery systems, and in plasma sterilizers. In the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation, the prospect of applying plasma processes like surface activation, plasma grafting, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition/plasma polymerization, surface etching, plasma immersion ion implantation, crosslinking, and plasma decontamination to provide timely solutions in the form of better antiviral alternatives, practical diagnostic tools, and reusable personal protective equipment is worth exploring. Herein, the role of nonthermal plasmas and their contributions toward healthcare are timely reviewed to engage different communities in assisting healthcare associates and clinicians, not only to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic but also to prevent similar kinds of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjal Misra
- Radiation Technology Development DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Sudhir Bhatt
- Department of Engineering and Physical SciencesInstitute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarGujaratIndia
| | | | - Virendra Kumar
- Radiation Technology Development DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
- Department of Chemical SciencesHomi Bhabha National InstituteAnushaktinagarMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
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2
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Qu F, Zhang Y, Rasooly A, Yang M. Electrochemical Biosensing Platform Using Hydrogel Prepared from Ferrocene Modified Amino Acid as Highly Efficient Immobilization Matrix. Anal Chem 2014; 86:973-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403478z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Qu
- Key
Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- Division
of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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3
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Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Application in Diabetes Management. MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6148-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Sensitive immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor α based on dual signal amplification of ferrocene modified self-assembled peptide nanowire and glucose oxidase functionalized gold nanorod. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:215-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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High-performance amperometric biosensors and biofuel cell based on chitosan-strengthened cast thin films of chemically synthesized catecholamine polymers with glucose oxidase effectively entrapped. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2311-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lin Y, Zhu N, Yu P, Su L, Mao L. Physiologically relevant online electrochemical method for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of striatum glucose and lactate following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Anal Chem 2010; 81:2067-74. [PMID: 19281258 DOI: 10.1021/ac801946s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a new electroanalytical method with a high physiological relevance for simultaneous online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the striatum of the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The online analytical method is based on the efficient integration of in vivo microdialysis sampling with an online selective electrochemical detection with the electrochemical biosensors with dehydrogenases, i.e., glucose and lactate dehydrogenases, as recognition elements. The dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors are developed onto the dual split-disk plastic carbon film (SPCF) electrodes with methylene green (MG) adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as the electrocatalyst for the oxidation of dihydronicotiamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) at a low potential of 0.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing NAD(+) is externally perfused from a second pump and online mixed with the brain microdialysates to minimize the variation of pH that occurred following the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to supply NAD(+) cofactor and O(2) for the enzymatic reactions of dehydrogenases and ascorbate oxidase, respectively. As a result, the developed online electroanalytical method exhibits a high selectivity against the electrochemically active species endogenously existing in the cerebral systems and a high tolerance against the variation of pH and O(2) following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This property, along with the good linearity and a high stability toward glucose and lactate as well as little cross-talk between two biosensors, substantially makes this method possible for the continuous, simultaneous, and online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This study establishes a new and effective platform for the investigation of the energy metabolism in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Gonzalez-Macia L, Morrin A, Smyth MR, Killard AJ. Advanced printing and deposition methodologies for the fabrication of biosensors and biodevices. Analyst 2010; 135:845-67. [PMID: 20419231 DOI: 10.1039/b916888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced printing and deposition methodologies are revolutionising the way biological molecules are deposited and leading to changes in the mass production of biosensors and biodevices. This revolution is being delivered principally through adaptations of printing technologies to device fabrication, increasing throughputs, decreasing feature sizes and driving production costs downwards. This review looks at several of the most relevant deposition and patterning methodologies that are emerging, either for their high production yield, their ability to reach micro- and nano-dimensions, or both. We look at inkjet, screen, microcontact, gravure and flexographic printing as well as lithographies such as scanning probe, photo- and e-beam lithographies and laser printing. We also take a look at the emerging technique of plasma modification and assess the usefulness of these for the deposition of biomolecules and other materials associated with biodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
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Heller A, Feldman B. Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2482-505. [PMID: 18465900 DOI: 10.1021/cr068069y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 926] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Geng R, Zhao G, Liu M, Li M. A sandwich structured SiO2/cytochrome c/SiO2 on a boron-doped diamond film electrode as an electrochemical nitrite biosensor. Biomaterials 2008; 29:2794-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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HIRATSUKA A, FUJISAWA K, MUGURUMA H. Amperometric Biosensor Based on Glucose Dehydrogenase and Plasma-polymerized Thin Films. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:483-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori HIRATSUKA
- Research Center of Advanced Bionics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), c/o Katayanagi Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Kohta FUJISAWA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Hitoshi MUGURUMA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
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MUGURUMA H, YOSHIDA S, URATA M, FUJISAWA K, MATSUI Y. An Amperometric Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Composite Electrode of Glucose Dehydrogenase, Carbon Nanotubes, and Plasma-polymerized Thin Films. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.76.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Yang M, Qu F, Shen G, Yu R. Enzyme-functionalized gold nanowires for the fabrication of biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2007; 71:211-6. [PMID: 17611169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanowires were prepared by an electrodeposition strategy using nanopore polycarbonate (PC) membrane, with the average diameter of the nanowires about 250 nm and length about 10 microm. The nanowires prepared were dispersed into chitosan (CHIT) solution and stably immobilized onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The electrochemical behavior of gold nanowire modified electrode and its application to the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were investigated. The modified electrode allows low potential detection of hydrogen peroxide with high sensitivity and fast response time. Moreover, the good biocompatibility of nanometer-sized gold, the vast surface area of the nanowire-structure make it ideal for adsorption of enzymes for the fabrication of biosensors. Glucose oxidase was adsorbed onto the nanowire surface to fabricate glucose biosensor as an application example. The detection of glucose was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 6.98) at -0.2 V. The resulting glucose biosensor exhibited sensitive response, with a short response time (<8 s), a linear range of 10(-5)-2 x 10(-2) M and detection limit of 5 x 10(-6) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuang Lu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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15
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Muguruma H, Kase Y, Murata N, Matsumura K. Adsorption of glucose oxidase onto plasma-polymerized film characterized by atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, and electrochemical measurement. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:26033-9. [PMID: 17181254 DOI: 10.1021/jp063755m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto plasma-polymerized thin films (PPF) with nanoscale thickness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electrochemical measurements. The PPF surface is very flat (less than 1-nm roughness), and its properties (charge and wettability) can be easily changed while retaining the backbone structure. We focused on three types of surfaces: (1) the pristine surface of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) PPF (hydrophobic and neutral surface), (2) an HMDS PPF surface with nitrogen-plasma treatment (hydrophilic and positive-charged surface), and (3) an HMDS PPF surface treated with oxygen plasma (hydrophilic and negative-charged surface). The AFM image showed that the GOD molecules were densely adsorbed onto surface 2 and that individual GOD molecules could be observed. The longer axis of GOD ellipsoid molecules were aligned parallel to the surface, called the "lying position", because of electrostatic association. On surface 1, clusters of GOD molecules did not completely cover the original PPF surface (surface coverage was ca. 60%). The 10-nm-size step height between the GOD clusters and the PPF surface suggests that the longer axes of individual GOD molecules were aligned perpendicular to the surface, called the "standing position". On surface 3, only a few of the GOD molecules were adsorbed because of electrostatic repulsion. These results indicate that the plasma polymerization process can facilitate enhancement or reduction of protein adsorption. The AFM images show a corresponding tendency with the QCM profiles. The QCM data indicate that the adsorption behavior obeys the Langmuir isotherm equation. The amperometric biosensor characteristics of the GOD-adsorbed PPF on a platinum electrode showed an increment in the current because of enzymatic reaction with glucose addition, indicating that enzyme activity was mostly retained in spite of irreversible adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Muguruma
- Faculty of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358-8548, Japan.
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Zhang N, Wilkop T, Lee S, Cheng Q. Bi-functionalization of a patterned Prussian blue array for amperometric measurement of glucose via two integrated detection schemes. Analyst 2007; 132:164-72. [PMID: 17260077 DOI: 10.1039/b611357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel amperometric sensor that integrates two independent measurement schemes into a single chip for detection of glucose is fabricated. The sensor uses micro-patterned Prussian blue (PB) and ferrocene modified glucose oxidase covered by a thin Nafion membrane. We have developed an amperometric sensor for the detection of glucose that integrates two measurement schemes into a single chip. For fabrication of the sensing interface, micro-contact printing was used to transfer a self-assembled monolayer template onto a gold substrate, allowing selective electrochemical deposition of a PB array. The protective layer of the PB array was subsequently removed and replaced with a layer of redox-functionalized glucose oxidase (GOx), while the entire surface was finally covered with a perm-selective GOx-Nafion membrane. A variety of surface analytical techniques, including atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance imaging and spectroscopic ellipsometry were employed to characterize the composite PB array electrode. The hybrid sensing interface allowed amperometric measurements of glucose to be carried out with two independent schemes at different potentials. The cathodic current was obtained with the PB array functioning as the electrocatalyst, while the anodic current was measured at a higher potential via a mediation mechanism using the ferrocene-modified GOx. For the quantitative detection of glucose, flow-injection analysis was used, and both the operating conditions and the design parameters were optimized. Linear responses were obtained for both anodic and cathodic signals over a concentration range from 0.1 to 50 mM, with a detection limit of 75 microM. The specificity of the sensor was demonstrated with respect to ascorbic and lactic acid. The implementation of integrated detection mechanisms allows the independent measurement of amperometric signals at two separate potentials. This improves the information gathering and opens up new avenues for developing novel methods that potentially eliminate false signal readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Muguruma H, Kase Y. Structure and biosensor characteristics of complex between glucose oxidase and plasma-polymerized nanothin film. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:737-43. [PMID: 16600587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The structure and biosensor characteristics of complex between glucose oxidase (GOD) and plasma-polymerized nanothin film (PPF), in which the thickness is several nanometers, were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical measurement. The GOD molecules were densely adsorbed onto the PPF surface treated by nitrogen plasma and the individual GOD molecules were observed. Subsequently, the GOD densely packed array on the PPF surface was subsequently treated by plasma polymerization (overcoating). AFM image showed that the thicker film gave the smoother surface, indicating that the GOD adsorbed on the surface was embedded more deeply in PPF. The amperometric biosensor characteristics of the GOD-PPF complex on a platinum electrode showed the current increment due to the enzymatic reaction with glucose addition, indicating that enzyme activity was retained although the enzyme has been exposed to the plasma gas related to diffusion of the substrate. This means that under mild exposure to organic plasma, the enzyme does not become seriously dysfunctional. Amperometric biosensor characteristics were strongly affected by monomer and thickness of PPF overcoating related with the diffusion of the substrate (glucose). Considering that the film deposition was performed using microfabrication-compatible organic plasma, our new method for protein architecture has a great potential of enabling high throughput production of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Muguruma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-9-14 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8548, Japan.
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