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Shchipunov Y. Biomimetic Sol-Gel Chemistry to Tailor Structure, Properties, and Functionality of Bionanocomposites by Biopolymers and Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:224. [PMID: 38204077 PMCID: PMC10779932 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biosilica, synthesized annually only by diatoms, is almost 1000 times more abundant than industrial silica. Biosilicification occurs at a high rate, although the concentration of silicic acid in natural waters is ~100 μM. It occurs in neutral aqueous solutions, at ambient temperature, and under the control of proteins that determine the formation of hierarchically organized structures. Using diatoms as an example, the fundamental differences between biosilicification and traditional sol-gel technology, which is performed with the addition of acid/alkali, organic solvents and heating, have been identified. The conditions are harsh for the biomaterial, as they cause protein denaturation and cell death. Numerous attempts are being made to bring sol-gel technology closer to biomineralization processes. Biomimetic synthesis must be conducted at physiological pH, room temperature, and without the addition of organic solvents. To date, significant progress has been made in approaching these requirements. The review presents a critical analysis of the approaches proposed to date for the silicification of biomacromolecules and cells, the formation of bionanocomposites with controlled structure, porosity, and functionality determined by the biomaterial. They demonstrated the broad capabilities and prospects of biomimetic methods for creating optical and photonic materials, adsorbents, catalysts and biocatalysts, sensors and biosensors, and biomaterials for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shchipunov
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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2
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Zhang H, Yang S, Zeng J, Li X, Chuai R. A Genosensor Based on the Modification of a Microcantilever: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:427. [PMID: 36838127 PMCID: PMC9959632 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When the free end of a microcantilever is modified by a genetic probe, this sensor can be used for a wider range of applications, such as for chemical analysis, biological testing, pharmaceutical screening, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, to clarify the preparation and detection process of a microcantilever sensor with genetic probe modification, the core procedures, such as probe immobilization, complementary hybridization, and signal extraction and processing, are combined and compared. Then, to reveal the microcantilever's detection mechanism and analysis, the influencing factors of testing results, the theoretical research, including the deflection principle, the establishment and verification of a detection model, as well as environmental influencing factors are summarized. Next, to demonstrate the application results of the genetic-probe-modified sensors, based on the classification of detection targets, the application status of other substances except nucleic acid, virus, bacteria and cells is not introduced. Finally, by enumerating the application results of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever combined with a microfluidic chip, the future development direction of this technology is surveyed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the future design of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever, with further exploration of the sensitive mechanism, optimization of the design and processing methods, expansion of the application fields, and promotion of practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2549-6401
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3
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Zhang P, Zhuo Y, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Structural DNA tetrahedra and its electrochemical-related surface sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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4
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Karimzadeh Z, Mahmoudpour M, Guardia MDL, Nazhad Dolatabadi JE, Jouyban A. Aptamer-functionalized metal organic frameworks as an emerging nanoprobe in the food safety field: Promising development opportunities and translational challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Munzar JD, Ng A, Juncker D. Duplexed aptamers: history, design, theory, and application to biosensing. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1390-1419. [PMID: 30707214 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA sequences that specifically bind a cognate ligand. In addition to their widespread use as stand-alone affinity binding reagents in analytical chemistry, aptamers have been engineered into a variety of ligand-specific biosensors, termed aptasensors. One of the most common aptasensor formats is the duplexed aptamer (DA). As defined herein, DAs are aptasensors containing two nucleic acid elements coupled via Watson-Crick base pairing: (i) an aptamer sequence, which serves as a ligand-specific receptor, and (ii) an aptamer-complementary element (ACE), such as a short DNA oligonucleotide, which is designed to hybridize to the aptamer. The ACE competes with ligand binding, such that DAs generate a signal upon ligand-dependent ACE-aptamer dehybridization. DAs possess intrinsic advantages over other aptasensor designs. For example, DA biosensing designs generalize across DNA and RNA aptamers, DAs are compatible with many readout methods, and DAs are inherently tunable on the basis of nucleic acid hybridization. However, despite their utility and popularity, DAs have not been well defined in the literature, leading to confusion over the differences between DAs and other aptasensor formats. In this review, we introduce a framework for DAs based on ACEs, and use this framework to distinguish DAs from other aptasensor formats and to categorize cis- and trans-DA designs. We then explore the ligand binding dynamics and chemical properties that underpin DA systems, which fall under conformational selection and induced fit models, and which mirror classical SN1 and SN2 models of nucleophilic substitution reactions. We further review a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications of DAs in the chemical and biological sciences, including riboswitches and riboregulators. Finally, we present future directions of DAs as ligand-responsive nucleic acids. Owing to their tractability, versatility and ease of engineering, DA biosensors bear a great potential for the development of new applications and technologies in fields ranging from analytical chemistry and mechanistic modeling to medicine and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Munzar
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Carrasquilla C, Kapteyn E, Li Y, Brennan JD. Sol-Gel-Derived Biohybrid Materials Incorporating Long-Chain DNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10686-10690. [PMID: 28556430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sol-gel-derived bio/inorganic hybrid materials have been examined for diverse applications, including biosensing, affinity chromatography and drug discovery. However, such materials have mostly been restricted to the interaction between entrapped biorecognition elements and small molecules, owing to the requirement for nanometer-scale mesopores in the matrix to retain entrapped biorecognition elements. Herein, we report on a new class of macroporous bio/inorganic hybrids, engineered through a high-throughput materials screening approach, that entrap micron-sized concatemeric DNA aptamers. We demonstrate that the entrapment of these long-chain DNA aptamers allows their retention within the macropores of the silica material, so that aptamers can interact with high molecular weight targets such as proteins. Our approach overcomes the major limitation of previous sol-gel-derived biohybrid materials by enabling molecular recognition for targets beyond small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 0A3, Canada), or
| | - Emily Kapteyn
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 0A3, Canada), or
| | - Yingfu Li
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 0A3, Canada), or
| | - John D Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 0A3, Canada), or
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7
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Carrasquilla C, Kapteyn E, Li Y, Brennan JD. Sol-Gel-Derived Biohybrid Materials Incorporating Long-Chain DNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 0A3 Canada), or
| | - Emily Kapteyn
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 0A3 Canada), or
| | - Yingfu Li
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 0A3 Canada), or
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 0A3 Canada), or
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8
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Perréard C, d'Orlyé F, Griveau S, Liu B, Bedioui F, Varenne A. Aptamer entrapment in microfluidic channel using one-step sol-gel process, in view of the integration of a new selective extraction phase for lab-on-a-chip. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2456-2461. [PMID: 28370135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a great demand for integrating sample treatment into μTASs. In this context, we developed a new sol-gel phase for extraction of trace compounds in complex matrices. For this purpose, the incorporation of aptamers in silica-based gel within PDMS/glass microfluidic channels was performed for the first time by a one-step sol-gel process. The effective gel attachment onto microchannel walls and aptamer incorporation in the polymerized gel were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. A good gel stability and aptamer incorporation inside the microchannel was demonstrated upon rinsing and over storage time. The ability of gel-encapsulated aptamers to interact with its specific target (either sulforhodamine B as model fluorescent target, or diclofenac, a pain killer drug) was assessed too. The binding capacity of entrapped aptamers was quantified (in the micromolar range) and the selectivity of the interaction was evidenced. Preservation of aptamers binding affinity to target molecules was therefore demonstrated. Dissociation constant of the aptamer-target complex and interaction selectivity were evaluated similar to those in bulk solution. This opens the way to new selective on-chip SPE techniques for sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perréard
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
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9
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Ng S, Lim HS, Ma Q, Gao Z. Optical Aptasensors for Adenosine Triphosphate. Theranostics 2016; 6:1683-702. [PMID: 27446501 PMCID: PMC4955066 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids are among the most researched and applied biomolecules. Their diverse two- and three-dimensional structures in conjunction with their robust chemistry and ease of manipulation provide a rare opportunity for sensor applications. Moreover, their high biocompatibility has seen them being used in the construction of in vivo assays. Various nucleic acid-based devices have been extensively studied as either the principal element in discrete molecule-like sensors or as the main component in the fabrication of sensing devices. The use of aptamers in sensors - aptasensors, in particular, has led to improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplexing capacity for a wide verity of analytes like proteins, nucleic acids, as well as small biomolecules such as glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This article reviews the progress in the use of aptamers as the principal component in sensors for optical detection of ATP with an emphasis on sensing mechanism, performance, and applications with some discussion on challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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10
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11
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Ding TS, Huang XC, Luo YL, Hsu HY. In vitro investigation of methylene blue-bearing, electrostatically assembled aptamer–silica nanocomposites as potential photodynamic therapeutics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Castillo G, Spinella K, Poturnayová A, Šnejdárková M, Mosiello L, Hianik T. Detection of aflatoxin B1 by aptamer-based biosensor using PAMAM dendrimers as immobilization platform. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Liu S, Wang X, Pang S, Na W, Yan X, Su X. Fluorescence detection of adenosine-5'-triphosphate and alkaline phosphatase based on the generation of CdS quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 827:103-10. [PMID: 24833001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an analytical method to detect adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) based on the generation of CdS quantum dots (QDs). We demonstrated that Cd(2+) cation reacts with S(2-) anion to generate fluorescent CdS QDs in the presence of some certain amount of ATP. With increase in the ATP concentration, the fluorescence intensity of CdS QDs was also enhanced. ATP can be converted into adenosine by the dephosphorylation of ALP, so that the generation of CdS QDs would be inhibited in the presence of ALP. Therefore, this novel analysis system could be applied to assay ATP and ALP based on the growth of fluorescent CdS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shu Pang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weidan Na
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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14
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Smith AME, Fortuna J, Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. An automated materials screening approach for the development of sol–gel derived monolithic silica enzyme reactor columns. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Khimji I, Kelly EY, Helwa Y, Hoang M, Liu J. Visual optical biosensors based on DNA-functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogels. Methods 2013; 64:292-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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16
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He Y, Tian J, Hu K, Zhang J, Chen S, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao S. An ultrasensitive quantum dots fluorescent polarization immunoassay based on the antibody modified Au nanoparticles amplifying for the detection of adenosine triphosphate. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:67-73. [PMID: 24176506 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultrasensitive fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method based on the quantum dot/aptamer/antibody/gold nanoparticles ensemble has been developed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DNA hybridization is formed when ATP is present in the PBS solution containing the DNA-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) and antibody-AuNPs. The substantial sensitivity improvement of the antibody-AuNPs-enhanced method is mainly attributed to the slower rotation of fluorescent unit when QDs-labeled oligonucleotides hybridize with antibody modified the gold nanoparticle. As a result, the fluorescent polarization (FP) values of the system increase significantly. Under the optimal conditions, a linear response with ATP concentration is ranged from 8×10(-12) M to 2.40×10(-4) M. The detection limit reached as low as 1.8 pM. The developed work provides a sensitive and selective immunoassay protocol for ATP detection, which could be applied in more bioanalytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong He
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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17
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Carrasquilla C, Brennan JD. Functional nucleic acid entrapment in sol-gel derived materials. Methods 2013; 63:255-65. [PMID: 24025165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, typically generated through in vitro selection, that have the ability to act as receptors for target molecules (aptamers) or perform catalysis of a chemical reaction (deoxyribozymes and ribozymes). Fluorescence-signaling aptamers and deoxyribozymes have recently emerged as promising biological recognition and signaling elements, although little has been done to evaluate their potential for solid-phase assays, particularly with species made of RNA due to their lack of chemical stability and susceptibility to nuclease attack. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the methods utilized for solid-phase immobilization of FNAs using a sol-gel entrapment method that can provide protection from nuclease degradation and impart long-term chemical stability to the FNA reporter systems, while maintaining their signaling capabilities. This article will also provide a brief review of the results of such entrapment studies involving fluorescence-signaling versions of a DNA aptamer, selected RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes, and two different RNA aptamers in a series of sol-gel derived composites, ranging from highly polar silica to hydrophobic methylsilsesquioxane-based materials. Given the ability to produce sol-gel derived materials in a variety of configurations, particularly as thin film coatings on electrodes, optical fibers, and other devices, this entrapment method should provide a useful platform for numerous solid-phase FNA-based biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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18
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Xiong X, Zhou C, Wu C, Zhu G, Chen Z, Tan W. Responsive DNA-based hydrogels and their applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1271-83. [PMID: 23857726 PMCID: PMC4470902 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The term hydrogel describes a type of soft and wet material formed by cross-linked hydrophilic polymers. The distinct feature of hydrogels is their ability to absorb a large amount of water and swell. The properties of a hydrogel are usually determined by the chemical properties of their constituent polymer(s). However, a group of hydrogels, called "smart hydrogels," changes properties in response to environmental changes or external stimuli. Recently, DNA or DNA-inspired responsive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention in construction of smart hydrogels because of the intrinsic advantages of DNA. As a biological polymer, DNA is hydrophilic, biocompatible, and highly programmable by Watson-Crick base pairing. DNA can form a hydrogel by itself under certain conditions, and it can also be incorporated into synthetic polymers to form DNA-hybrid hydrogels. Functional DNAs, such as aptamers and DNAzymes, provide additional molecular recognition capabilities and versatility. In this Review, DNA-based hydrogels are discussed in terms of their stimulus response, as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Xiong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cuisong Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cuichen Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | | | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Cui L, Song Y, Ke G, Guan Z, Zhang H, Lin Y, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Yang CJ. Graphene oxide protected nucleic acid probes for bioanalysis and biomedicine. Chemistry 2013; 19:10442-51. [PMID: 23839798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the binding ability of DNA on GO and resulting nuclease resistance have attracted increasing attention, leading to new applications both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, nucleic acids absorbed on GO can be effectively protected from enzymatic degradation and biological interference in complicated samples, making it useful for targeted delivery, gene regulation, intracellular detection and imaging with high uptake efficiencies, high intracellular stability, and very low toxicity. In vitro, the adsorption of ssDNA on GO surface and desorption of dsDNA or well-folded ssDNA from GO surface result in the protection and deprotection of DNA from nucleic digestion, respectively, which has led to target-triggered cyclic enzymatic amplification methods (CEAM) for amplified detection of analytes with sensitivity 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 1:1 binding strategies. This Concept article explores some of the latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Lau PS, Lai CK, Li Y. Quality control certification of RNA aptamer-based detection. Chembiochem 2013; 14:987-92. [PMID: 23592300 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules with a defined tertiary structure for molecular recognition. Numerous RNA aptamers with excellent binding affinity and specificity have been reported; they constitute an attractive reservoir of molecular recognition elements for biosensor development. However, RNA is relatively unstable owing to spontaneous hydrolysis and nuclease degradation. Thus, RNA aptamer-based biosensors are prone to producing false-positive signals. Here, we present an RNA aptamer biosensor design strategy that utilises an internal control to distinguish target binding from false-positive signals. The sequence of a chosen RNA aptamer is expanded so that it can form three consecutive short RNA-DNA duplexes with 1) a quencher-labelled DNA strand (Q(1)DNA), 2) a dual-fluorophore-labelled DNA strand (F(1)DNAF(2)) and 3) another quencher-labelled DNA strand (Q(2)DNA). The addition of a target releases Q(2)DNA from the duplex assembly, and produces the expected positive signal from F(2). However, the authenticity of target recognition is validated only if no signal is generated from F(1). We have successfully engineered two fluorescent reporters by using an RNA aptamer that binds thrombin and one that binds theophylline. Both reporters show the expected binding affinity and specificity, and are capable of reporting system malfunction when treated with nucleases and chemical denaturants. This strategy provides a simple and reliable way to ensure high-quality detection when RNA aptamers are employed as molecular-recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Sai Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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21
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Akter F, Mie M, Kobatake E. Aptamer-based protein detection using a bioluminescent fusion protein. Analyst 2013; 137:5297-301. [PMID: 23013644 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based sandwich-type immunoassay is presented to detect human thrombin using a bioluminescent fusion protein, SSB-fLuc. Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is used as a linker between the aptamer and firefly luciferase (fLuc). For proof-of-principle, thrombin was used as the test analyte and thrombin aptamer as the sensing probe. In this fusion protein, both the SSB and the fLuc parts retained their biological activities after expression and purification. The SSB fragment of the fusion protein also had the thrombin aptamer binding ability either alone or in combination with thrombin as a triplex, which was confirmed by gel mobility shift assay using native polyacrylamide gels. The fusion protein can be used to detect thrombin in the nanomolar range. The present study thus demonstrates an aptamer-based bioluminescent assay that is simple and cost effective, and at the same time eliminates the need for labeling of either analytes or aptamers. This biomolecular detection scheme can be extended to the detection of a wide range of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhima Akter
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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22
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Lau PS, Li Y. Exploration of structure-switching in the design of aptamer biosensors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:69-92. [PMID: 23851586 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The process of "structure-switching" enables biomolecular switches to function as effective biosensing tools. Biomolecular switches can be activated or inactivated by binding to a specific target that triggers a precise conformational change in the biomolecules involved. Although many examples of aptamer-based biomolecular switches can be found in nature, substantial effort has been made in the last decade to engineer structure-switching aptamer sensors by coupling aptamers to a signal transduction method to generate a readout signal upon target binding to the aptamer domain. This chapter focuses on the progress of research on engineered structure-switching aptamer sensors. We begin by discussing the origin of the structure-switching aptamer design, highlight the key developments of structure-switching DNA aptamers for fluorescence-, electrochemistry-, and colorimetry-based detection, and introduce our recent efforts in exploring RNA aptamers to create structure-switching molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Sai Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Michael D. DeGroote Infectious Disease Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Bu NN, Gao A, He XW, Yin XB. Electrochemiluminescent biosensor of ATP using tetrahedron structured DNA and a functional oligonucleotide for Ru(phen)3(2+) intercalation and target identification. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 43:200-4. [PMID: 23313611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Restricted target accessibility and surface-induced perturbation of the aptamer structure are the main limitations in single-stranded DNA aptamer-based electrochemical sensors. Chemical labeling of the aptamer with a probe at the end of aptamer is inefficient and time-consuming. In this work, tetrahedron-structured DNA (ts-DNA) and a functionalized oligonucleotide (FO) were used to develop an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a model target. The ts-DNA was formed with three thiolated oligonucleotides and one oligonucleotide containing anti-ATP aptamer. The FO contained a complementary strand to the anti-ATP aptamer and an intermolecular duplex for Ru(phen)3(2+) intercalation. After the ts-DNA was immobilized on the electrode surface through gold-thiol interactions, hybridization between the anti-ATP aptamer and its complementary strand introduced the intercalated Ru(phen)3(2+) to the electrode. ECL emission from Ru(phen)3(2+) was observed with tripropylamine as a co-reactant. Once ATP reacted with its aptamer, the aptamer-complimentary strand duplex dissociated and the intermolecular duplex containing Ru(phen)3(2+) was released. The difference in emission before and after reaction with ATP was used to quantify ATP with a detection limit of 0.2nM. The ts-DNA increased the sensitivity compared to conventional methods, and the intercalation strategy avoided a complex chemical labeling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Material (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
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Deng N, Liang Z, Liang Y, Sui Z, Zhang L, Wu Q, Yang K, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Aptamer Modified Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Silica Monolithic Capillary Columns for Highly Selective Recognition of Thrombin. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10186-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302779u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Sui
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation
Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research
and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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25
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Wang H, Gong W, Tan Z, Yin X, Wang L. Label-free bifunctional electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for detection of adenosine and lysozyme. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zhou ZM, Yu Y, Zhao YD. A new strategy for the detection of adenosine triphosphate by aptamer/quantum dot biosensor based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Analyst 2012; 137:4262-6. [PMID: 22832507 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed an aptasensor for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET). An adenosine aptamer was cut into two pieces of ssDNA, which were attached to quantum dots (QDs) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. They could reassemble into specific structures in the presence of ATP and then decrease the distance of HRP and QDs. ATP detection can be easily realized according to the fluorescent intensity of QDs, which is excited by CRET between luminol and QDs. Results show that the concentration of ATP is linear relation with the fluorescent intensity of the peak of QDs emission and the linear range for the linear equation is from 50 μM to 231 μM and the detection limit was 185 nM. When the concentration of ATP was 2 mM, the efficiency of CRET is 13.6%. Good specificity for ATP had been demonstrated compared to thymidine triphosphate (TTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), when 1 mM of each was added, respectively. This method needs no external light source and can avoid autofluorescence and photobleaching, and ATP can be detected selectively, specifically, and sensitively in a low micromolar range, which means that the strategy reported here can be applicable to the detection of several other target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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27
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Carrasquilla C, Lau PS, Li Y, Brennan JD. Stabilizing structure-switching signaling RNA aptamers by entrapment in sol-gel derived materials for solid-phase assays. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10998-1005. [PMID: 22724553 DOI: 10.1021/ja304064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure-switching, fluorescence-signaling DNA and RNA aptamers have been reported as highly versatile molecular recognition elements for biosensor development. While structure-switching DNA aptamers have been utilized for solid-phase sensing, equivalent RNA aptamers have yet to be successfully utilized in solid-phase sensors due to their lack of chemical stability and susceptibility to nuclease attack. In this study, we examined entrapment into sol-gel derived organic-inorganic composite materials as a platform for immobilization of structure-switching fluorescence-signaling RNA aptamer reporters, using both the synthetic theophylline- and naturally occurring thiamine pyrophosphate-binding RNA aptamers as test cases. Structure-switching versions of both aptamers were entrapped into a series of sol-gel derived composites, ranging from highly polar silica to hydrophobic methylsilsesquioxane-based materials, and the target-binding and signaling capabilities of these immobilized aptamers were assessed relative to solution. Both immobilized aptamers demonstrated sensitivity and selectivity similar to that of free aptamers when entrapped in a composite material derived from 40% (v/v) methyltrimethoxysilane/tetramethoxysilane. Importantly, this material also conferred protection from nuclease degradation and imparted long-term chemical stability to the RNA reporter systems. Given the versatility of sol-gel entrapment for development of biosensors, microarrays, bioaffinity columns, and other devices, this entrapment method should provide a useful platform for numerous solid-phase RNA aptamer-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
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28
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Hong P, Li W, Li J. Applications of aptasensors in clinical diagnostics. SENSORS 2012; 12:1181-1193. [PMID: 22438706 PMCID: PMC3304108 DOI: 10.3390/s120201181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) selected in vitro that bind a broad range of targets with high affinity and specificity; a sensitive yet simple method to utilize aptamers as recognition elements for the development of biosensors (aptasensors) is to transduce the signal electrochemically. So far, aptasensors have been applied to clinical diagnostics and several technologies are in development. Aptasensors will extend the limits of current clinical diagnostics. Although the potential diagnostic applications are unlimited, the most current applications are foreseen in the areas of biomarker detection, cancer clinical testing, detection of infectious microorganisms and viruses. This review attempts to list examples of the research progresses of aptamers in biosensor platforms that have been published in recent years; in particular, we display cases of aptasensors that are already incorporated in clinical diagnostics or have potential applications in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hong
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; E-Mails: (P.H.); (W.L.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenli Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; E-Mails: (P.H.); (W.L.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; E-Mails: (P.H.); (W.L.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-10-5811-5053
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29
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Carrasquilla C, Xiao Y, Xu CQ, Li Y, Brennan JD. Enhancing sensitivity and selectivity of long-period grating sensors using structure-switching aptamers bound to gold-doped macroporous silica coatings. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7984-91. [PMID: 21951178 DOI: 10.1021/ac2020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High surface area, sol-gel derived macroporous silica films doped with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are used as a platform for high-density affinity-based immobilization of functional structure-switching DNA aptamer molecules onto Michelson interferometer long-period grating (LPG) fiber sensors, allowing for label-free detection of small molecular weight analytes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The high surface area afforded by the sol-gel derived material allowed high loading of DNA aptamers, while the inclusion of gold nanoparticles within the silica film provided a high refractive index (RI) overlay, which is required to enhance the sensitivity of the LPG sensor according to our numerical simulations. By using a structure-switching aptamer construct that could release an oligonucleotide upon binding of ATP, the effective change in RI was both enhanced and inverted (i.e., binding of ATP caused a net reduction in molecular weight and refractive index), resulting in a system that prevented signals originating from nonspecific binding. This is the first report on the coupling of aptamers to LPG fiber sensors and the first use of high RI AuNP/silica films as supports to immobilize biomolecules onto the LPG sensor surface. The dual functionality of such films to both improve binding density and LPG sensor cladding refractive index results in a substantial enhancement in the sensitivity of such sensors for small molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
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30
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Tang D, Tang J, Li Q, Su B, Chen G. Ultrasensitive aptamer-based multiplexed electrochemical detection by coupling distinguishable signal tags with catalytic recycling of DNase I. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7255-9. [PMID: 21888312 DOI: 10.1021/ac201891w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an aptamer-based, disposable, and multiplexed sensing platform for simultaneous electrochemical determination of small molecules, employing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cocaine as the model target analytes. The multiplexed sensing strategy is based on target-induced release of distinguishable redox tag-conjugated aptamers from a magnetic graphene platform. The electronic signal of the aptasensors could be further amplified by coupling DNase I with catalytic recycling of self-produced reactants. The assay was based on the change in the current at the various peak potentials in the presence of the corresponding signal tags. Experimental results revealed that the multiplexed electrochemical aptasensor enabled the simultaneous monitoring of ATP and cocaine in a single run with wide working ranges and low detection limits (LODs: 0.1 pM for ATP and 1.5 pM for cocaine). This concept offers promise for rapid, simple, and cost-effective analysis of biological samples.
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31
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Huang DW, Niu CG, Zeng GM, Ruan M. Time-resolved fluorescence biosensor for adenosine detection based on home-made europium complexes. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 29:178-83. [PMID: 21906929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this protocol, the authors report a time-resolved fluorescence biosensor based on home-made europium complexes for highly sensitive detection of small molecules using adenosine as a model analyte. The fluorophore that used is europium complexes. Its signal can be measured in a time-resolved manner that eliminates most of the unspecific fluorescent background. The amino modified aptamer probe, which is designed to specifically recognize adenosine, is combined to the aldehyde-group modified glass slide by covalent bond. Europium complex-labeled a short ssDNA, designed to segment hybridize with aptamer probe is immobilized on the glass slide by hybridization reaction. In the presence of adenosine, the aptamer part is more inclined to bounds with adenosine and triggers structure-switching of the aptamer from aptamer/ssDNA duplex to aptamer/target complex. As a result, europium complexes-labeled ssDNA is forced to dissociate from the sensor interface, resulting in time-resolved fluorescence intensity decrease. The decrement intensity is proportional to the amount of adenosine. Under optimized assay conditions, a linear range (1.0×10(-8)M to 1.0×10(-7)M) is got with low detection limit of 5.61nM. The biosensor exhibits excellent selectivity and can provide a promising potential for aptamer-based adenosine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Chen Y, Jiang B, Xiang Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Aptamer-based highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent detection of thrombin via nanoparticle layer-by-layer assembled amplification labels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7758-60. [PMID: 21625697 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and use of a new class of signal amplification label, the CdTe quantum dot layer-by-layer assembled polystyrene microbead composite, for amplified ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent detection of thrombin is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Optical detection systems using immobilized aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3725-36. [PMID: 21419619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development and the applications of optical biosensing systems based on immobilized aptamers are presented. These nucleic acid sequences have been used as new molecular recognition elements to develop heterogeneous assays, biosensors and microarrays. Among different detection modes that have been employed, optical ones which are described here are among the most used. Since their first report in 1996, numerous optical detection systems using aptamers and mainly based on fluorescence have been developed. Two main approaches have been used: label-based (using fluorophore, luminophore, enzyme, nanoparticles) or aptamer label-free detection systems (e.g. surface plasmon resonance, optical resonance). Most methods are based on a labeling approach. Some targets can be optically detected using not only colorimetry, chemiluminescence or the most developed fluorescence mode but also more recent non conventional optical methods such as surface plasmon-coupled directional emission (SPCDE). The first SPCDE-based aptasensor for thrombin detection has recently been reported in 2009. Aptasensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) which presents advantages compared to fluorescence have also been described. Different label-free techniques have recently been shown to be suitable for developing performant aptasensors or aptamer-based microarrays, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), diffraction grating, evanescent-field-coupled (EFC) waveguide-mode, optical resonance or Brewster angle straddle interferometry (BASI). Important advances have been realized on optical aptamer-based detection systems that appear as highly efficient devices with enormous potential.
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Lu CH, Li J, Lin MH, Wang YW, Yang HH, Chen X, Chen GN. Amplified aptamer-based assay through catalytic recycling of the analyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8454-7. [PMID: 20878817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Lau PS, Coombes BK, Li Y. A general approach to the construction of structure-switching reporters from RNA aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:7938-42. [PMID: 20845339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Sai Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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36
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Carrasquilla C, Li Y, Brennan JD. Surface immobilization of structure-switching DNA aptamers on macroporous sol-gel-derived films for solid-phase biosensing applications. Anal Chem 2011; 83:957-65. [PMID: 21214191 DOI: 10.1021/ac102679r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-switching signaling aptamers (ss-aptamers) are single-stranded DNA molecules that are generated through in vitro selection and have the ability to switch between a duplex composed of a quencher-labeled DNA strand (QDNA) hybridized adjacent to a fluorophore label on the aptamer, and an aptamer-target complex wherein the QDNA strand is released, generating a fluorescence signal. While such species have recently emerged as promising biological recognition and signaling elements, very little has been done to evaluate their potential for solid-phase assays. In this study, we demonstrate that high surface area, sol-gel-derived macroporous silica films are suitable platforms for high-density affinity-based immobilization of functional ss-aptamer molecules, allowing for binding of both large and small target analytes with robust signal development. These films are formed using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-doped sodium silicate material, and we show that it is possible to control the pore size distribution and surface area of the silica film by varying the amount of PEG. Materials with the highest surface area are shown to be able to immobilize up to 6-fold more ss-aptamer than planar glass surfaces, providing greater detection sensitivity and somewhat improved detection limits as compared to immobilization on conventional glass. The solid-phase assay is performed using two different structure-switching signaling aptamers with high selectivity for adenosine 5'-triphosphate and platelet-derived growth factor, respectively, demonstrating that this immobilization scheme should be suitable for a variety of target ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrasquilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Functional Nucleic Acids for Fluorescence-Based Biosensing Applications. ADVANCED FLUORESCENCE REPORTERS IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY III 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18035-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Lee JH, Wong NY, Tan LH, Wang Z, Lu Y. Controlled alignment of multiple proteins and nanoparticles with nanometer resolution via backbone-modified phosphorothioate DNA and bifunctional linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8906-8. [PMID: 20536179 DOI: 10.1021/ja103739f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlled alignment of streptavidin (STV), myoglobin, and nanoparticles with nanometer resolution has been achieved via backbone-modified phosphorothioate DNA and biotin- and maleimide-containing bifunctional linkers. Introducing triplet biotin modifications in three adjacent PSs significantly increased the STV conjugation yield. By placing phosphorothioate modifications at multiple positions of a double stranded DNA template, monomer, dimer, and trimer STV-DNA assemblies were formed with the STVs placed at controlled positions. The activity of the conjugated protein has been demonstrated by binding biotinylated AuNPs onto STV-DNA complexes, indicating the use of the system as a template for the formation of AuNP dimers and trimers with STVs separated by distances of 10-30 nm. Furthermore, a melting temperature experiment carried out with an STV-dsDNA assembly showed that the bifunctional-linker-modified PS-DNA system is much more stable than base-modified conjugation systems. This method allows for high yield, nanoscale-precision conjugation of multiple proteins to DNA. The linker can be designed to conjugate any proteins and nanomaterials specifically for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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39
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Lu CH, Li J, Lin MH, Wang YW, Yang HH, Chen X, Chen GN. Amplified Aptamer-Based Assay through Catalytic Recycling of the Analyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lau PS, Coombes BK, Li Y. A General Approach to the Construction of Structure-Switching Reporters from RNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Deng C, Chen J, Nie L, Nie Z, Yao S. Sensitive bifunctional aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for small molecules and protein. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9972-8. [PMID: 20000640 DOI: 10.1021/ac901727z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a bifunctional electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of small molecule (adenosine) or protein (lysozyme) was developed. Two aptamer units for adenosine and lysozyme were immobilized on the gold electrode by the formation of DNA/DNA duplex. The detection of adenosine or lysozyme could be carried out by virtue of switching structures of aptamers from DNA/DNA duplex to DNA/target complex. The change of the interfacial feature of the electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammertic (CV) response of surface-bound [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+). On the other hand, DNA functionalized Au nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) were used to enhance the sensitivity of the aptasensor because DNA-AuNPs modified interface could load more [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) cations. Thus, the assembly of two aptamer-contained DNA strands integrated with the DNA-AuNPs amplification not only improves the sensitivity of the electrochemical aptasensor but also presents a simple and general model for bifunctional aptasensor. The proposed aptasensor has low detection limit (0.02 nM for adenosine and 0.01 microg mL(-1) for lysozyme) and exhibits several advantages such as high sensitivity and bifunctional recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Zhang S, Yan Y, Bi S. Design of molecular beacons as signaling probes for adenosine triphosphate detection in cancer cells based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8695-701. [PMID: 19788280 DOI: 10.1021/ac901759g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, binary and triplex DNA molecular beacons, as signaling probes based on a luminol-H(2)O(2)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-fluorescein chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) system and structure-switching aptamers for highly sensitive detection of small molecules, are developed using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a model analyte to demonstrate the generality of the strategy. This CRET process occurs from donor luminol to acceptor fluorescein, which is oxidized by H(2)O(2) and catalyzed by HRP. DNA aptamer for ATP is first attached on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The cDNA linker has an extension that hybridizes with two other DNAs (LumAuNP-DNA and F-DNA) or three other DNAs (HRP-DNA, LumAuNP-DNA, and F-DNA) to fabricate CRET-BMBP-MNP or CRET-TMBP-MNP conjugates that provide the CRET signals. Thus, in the absence of ATP, when the MNPs are removed from the solution, they also take with them the linker DNA and the CRET signal probes, and no CRET signal can be detected. However, when ATP is introduced, a competition for the ATP aptamer between ATP and the cDNA linker occurs. As a result, CRET-BMBP and CRET-TMBP are forced to dissociate from the MNP surface based on the structure switching of the aptamer. The CRET signals are proportional to the concentration of ATP. In order to accelerate the rate of the aptamer structure-switching process, an invader DNA is introduced into the proposed strategy. The present CRET system provides a low detection limit of 1.1 x 10(-7) and 3.2 x 10(-7) M for ATP detection by BMBP and TMBP, respectively, which also exhibits a good selectivity for ATP detection. Sample assays of ATP in K562 leukemia cells and 4T1 breast cancer cells confirm the reliability and practicality of the protocol, which reveal a good prospect of this platform for biological sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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Wang X, Dong P, He P, Fang Y. A solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for detection of adenosine based on ferrocene-labeled structure-switching signaling aptamer. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 658:128-32. [PMID: 20103085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensing platform based on ferrocene-labeled structure-switching signaling aptamer (Fc-aptamer) for highly sensitive detection of small molecules is developed successfully using adenosine as a model analyte. Such special sensing platform included two main parts, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) substrate and an ECL intensity switch. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Au nanoparticle and Ruthenium (II) tris-(bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-AuNPs) onto Au electrode. An anti-adenosine aptamer labeled by ferrocene acted as the ECL intensity switch. A short complementary ssDNA for the aptamer was applied to hybridizing with the aptamer, yielding a double-stranded complex of the aptamer and the ssDNA on the electrode surface. The introduction of adenosine triggered structure switching of the aptamer. As a result, the ssDNA was forced to dissociate from the sensing platform. Such structural change of the aptamer resulted in an obvious ECL intensity decrease due to the increased quenching effect of Fc to the ECL substrate. The analytic results were sensitive and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Sultan Y, Walsh R, Monreal C, DeRosa MC. Preparation of functional aptamer films using layer-by-layer self-assembly. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1149-54. [PMID: 19385646 DOI: 10.1021/bm8014126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Advances in many aptamer-based applications will require a better understanding of how an aptamer's molecular recognition ability is affected by its incorporation into a suitable matrix. In this study, we investigated whether a model aptamer system, the sulforhodamine B aptamer, would retain its binding ability while embedded in a multilayer polyelectrolyte film. Thin films consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as the polycation and both poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) and the aptamer as the polyanions were deposited by the layer-by-layer approach and were compared to films prepared using calf thymus DNA or a random single-stranded oligonucleotide. Data from UV-vis spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance studies, confocal microscopy, and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirm that the aptamer's recognition of its target is retained, with no loss of specificity and only a modest reduction of binding affinity, while it is incorporated within the thin film. These findings open up a raft of new opportunities for the development and application of aptamer-based functional thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Sefah K, Phillips JA, Xiong X, Meng L, Van Simaeys D, Chen H, Martin J, Tan W. Nucleic acid aptamers for biosensors and bio-analytical applications. Analyst 2009; 134:1765-75. [PMID: 19684896 DOI: 10.1039/b905609m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides were once considered only functional as molecules for the storage of genetic information. However, the discovery of RNAzymes, and later, DNAzymes, unravelled the innate potential of oligonucleotides in many other biological applications. In the last two decades, these applications have been further expanded through the introduction of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) which has generated, by repeated rounds of in vitro selection, a type of molecular probe termed aptamers. Aptamers are oligonucleic acid (or peptide) molecules that can bind to various molecular targets and are viewed as complements to antibodies. Aptamers have found applications in many areas, such as bio-technology, medicine, pharmacology, microbiology, and analytical chemistry, including chromatographic separation and biosensors. In this review, we focus on the use of aptamers in the development of biosensors. Coupled with their ability to bind a variety of targets, the robust nature of oligonucleotides, in terms of synthesis, storage, and wide range of temperature stability and chemical manipulation, makes them highly suitable for biosensor design and engineering. Among the many design strategies, we discuss three general paradigms that have appeared most frequently in the literature: structure-switching, enzyme-based, and aptazyme-based designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Sefah
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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He JL, Wu ZS, Zhang SB, Shen GL, Yu RQ. Novel fluorescence enhancement IgE assay using a DNA aptamer. Analyst 2009; 134:1003-7. [PMID: 19381397 DOI: 10.1039/b812450g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a fluorescence immunoglobulin E (IgE) assay probe based on a DNA aptamer. A Texas red-labeled short DNA strand (T-DNA) complementary with part of the IgE aptamer sequence was used to produce the fluorescence enhancement effected upon the binding of IgE to the aptamer. Another short DNA strand labeled with dabcyl quencher (Q-DNA) complementary with part of the aptamer sequence nearby the T-DNA location was used to lower the background fluorescence. The IgE can be detected in the concentration range from 9.2 x 10(-11) to 3.7 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 5.7 x 10(-11) mol L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Ihara T, Sato Y, Shimada H, Jyo A. Metalloregulation of triple helix formation by control of the loop conformation. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:1084-96. [PMID: 18711670 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802271813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The flexible polypyridine ligand, 2,2':6',2('')-terpyridine (terpy), was built into the backbone of oligonucleotides to form DNA conjugates. The terpy unit functioned as a good loop when the conjugates formed the bimolecular triplexes with complementary oligopurine. The triplex structure was destabilized by the specific interaction with divalent transition metal ions (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(2+)), in particular Cu(2+) ions. This ion destabilized one of the triplexes by 4.2 kcalmol(-1) or made the triplex formation constant less than 1/10(3) at 298 K. This result is attributed to the substantial turbulence of the terminal structure of the triplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Wang Y, Liu B. ATP detection using a label-free DNA aptamer and a cationic tetrahedralfluorene. Analyst 2008; 133:1593-8. [PMID: 18936838 DOI: 10.1039/b806908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for ATP detection using a label-free DNA aptamer as the recognition element and ethidium bromide (EB) as the signal reporter is reported. The ATP-binding aptamer undergoes a conformational switch from the aptamer duplex to the aptamer/target complex upon target binding, which induces the fluorescence change of intercalated EB emission. Good selectivity between ATP and CTP, GTP or UTP has been demonstrated, which is due to the specific recognition between the ATP aptamer and ATP. Using EB alone as a signal reporter, the ATP detection limit was estimated to be approximately 0.2 mM. When a light harvesting cationic tetrahedralfluorene was used as an energy donor to sensitize the intercalated EB emission, a 10-fold increase in detection limit and a 2-fold increase in detection selectivity was demonstrated. The sensitivity and selectivity of the tetrahedralfluorene sensitized assay is comparable to or better than most fluorescent ATP assays with multiple labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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