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Ding N, Li Z, Hao Y, Zhang C. Design of a New Hydrazine Moiety-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Detection and Imaging of Endogenous Formaldehyde In Vivo. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12120-12126. [PMID: 36005545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), the smallest molecular aldehyde with strong reducing properties, could regulate body homeostasis endogenously during physiological and pathological processes. The effective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe is needed as a visualizer of FA in biologic organisms. In this work, a novel NIR fluorescent Probe-NHNH2 was designed on the basis of Probe-NH2 via introducing a strong nucleophilic hydrazine group, which can be used as a quenching and recognizing moiety for the detection of FA. With the treatment of FA, the hydrazine group of Probe-NHNH2 undergoes condensation and achieves a turn-on NIR fluorescence signal at a wavelength of 706 nm. The spectroscopic performance of Probe-NHNH2 for FA was evaluated, and it exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of FA in solution. Moreover, compared to the amine moiety-based Probe-NH2, which our group reported, we found that hydrazine moiety-based Probe-NHNH2, exhibited a better reaction time of within 10 min and a lower detection limit of 0.68 μM, reflecting that the reaction of FA with hydrazine moiety is faster and more sensitive than that of FA with the amino group. More importantly, Probe-NHNH2 was successfully applied to real-time imaging of endogenous FA by reacting with effective stimulant tetrahydrofolate and scavenger sodium bisulfite in zebrafish and mice. It is expected that we can provide a new rapid, sensitive NIR fluorescence theoretical basis for FA detection and in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yitong Hao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Ding N, Li Z, Hao Y, Yang X. A new amine moiety-based near-infrared fluorescence probe for detection of formaldehyde in real food samples and mice. Food Chem 2022; 384:132426. [PMID: 35202988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new amine moiety-based near-infrared fluorescent probe (Probe-NH2) is developed for detection of formaldehyde in food samples and mice. Probe-NH2 is constructed and synthesized from the IR-780 via two-step reactions as a hemicyanine skeleton bearing an amino moiety. The response mechanism is based on Schiff base reaction that formaldehyde reacts with amine group to form the corresponding imines. Probe-NH2 for detection of formaldehyde exhibits excellent analytical performance, including near-infrared fluorescence emission at 708 nm, high selectivity and sensitivity, also provides a response time as low as 30 min with a detection limit of 1.87 μmolL-1. Notably, we constructed a simple, rapid and visual formaldehyde detection platform based on paper chips in the near-infrared region for the first time. The accurate detection of formaldehyde in real food samples is of great significance, Probe-NH2 was detected in dried beancurd sticks, endive sprout, frozen shrimp and squid, with good recoveries of 99.60%-112.72%, indicating the reliability of Probe-NH2 for spiked determination of formaldehyde in contaminated foods. More importantly, Probe-NH2 has been successfully applied to the detection of endogenous formaldehyde in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yitong Hao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Kishikawa N, El-Maghrabey MH, Kuroda N. Chromatographic methods and sample pretreatment techniques for aldehydes determination in biological, food, and environmental samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li L, Zhou Y, Bi X, Deng S, Wang S, Lu M. Determination of the stable carbon isotopic compositions of 2-methyltetrols for four forest areas in Southwest China: The implications for the δ 13C values of atmospheric isoprene and C 3/C 4 vegetation distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:780-792. [PMID: 31085494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the troposphere and is released predominantly by vegetation. The δ13C values of atmospheric isoprene vary with different plant types (e.g. C3 and C4 plants). In this work, aerosol samples were collected in four forest areas in Sichuan Province, China, i.e., the Baima Spring Scenic Area (BM), the Panzhihua Cycas Nature Reserve (PZ), the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve (GG) and the Wolong National Nature Reserve (WL) during the summers of 2010-2012. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of 2-methyltetrols, the stable products of isoprene oxidation by OH, were measured using a GC/C/IRMS (gas chromatography/combustion/isotopic ratio mass spectrometry) with methylboronic acid derivatization. The stable carbon isotopic fractionation coefficient of isoprene oxidized by OH (OHεi) was derived in laboratory. With the δ13C values of 2-methyltetrols, OHεi and meteorological parameters, the δ13C values of atmospheric isoprene were calculated. The results show that forests can remarkably change the δ13C values of isoprene in the regional scales, making significant contributions to isoprene emissions. Moreover, C3/C4 proportions of shrubs and grasses depend on altitudes. The average δ13C values of atmospheric isoprene are -24.18 ± 1.72‰, -25.81 ± 1.36‰, -24.96 ± 0.94‰, -25.89 ± 1.35‰ for BM, PZ, GG and WL, respectively. The average δ13C value of atmospheric isoprene in SW China and the surrounding areas was -25.23 ± 1.44‰. C4 plants emitted 26.9 ± 10.3% of isoprene in the research atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingming Lu
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 45221, United States.
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Hu J, Yu Y. Epigenetic response profiles into environmental epigenotoxicant screening and health risk assessment: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:259-272. [PMID: 30933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome may be an important interface between exposure to environmental contaminants and adverse outcome on human health. Many environmental pollutants deregulate gene expression and promote diseases by modulating the epigenome. Adverse epigenetic responses have been widely used for risk assessment of chemical substances. Various pollutants, including trace elements and persistent organic pollutants, have been detected frequently in the environment. Epigenetic toxicity of environmental matrices including water, air, soil, and food cannot be ignored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of epigenetic effects of pollutants and environmental matrices. We start with an overview of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and the effects of several types of environmental pollutants (trace elements, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and volatile organic pollutants) on epigenetic modulation. We then discuss the epigenetic responses to environmental water, air, and soil based on in vivo and in vitro assays. Finally, we discuss recommendations to promote the incorporation of epigenotoxicity into contamination screening and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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Yu Y, Lou S, Wang X, Lu S, Ma S, Li G, Feng Y, Zhang X, An T. Relationships between the bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils measured with female C57BL/6 mice and the bioaccessibility determined using five in vitro methods. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:337-344. [PMID: 30562705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro methods for simulating human gastrointestinal digestion have been validated for predicting the bioavailability of heavy metals, but the methods for successfully predicting the bioavailability of organic pollutants are still limited. In this study, we used an adapted fasting in vitro digestion method (Fa-VDM) from the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem and four other in vitro methods comprising In Vitro Gastrointestinal, a physiologically-based extraction test, the unified BARGE method, and Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. in order to measure the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soils from an e-waste dismantling town, China, with a Standard Reference Material (SRM2585) as the control. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility data were compared with the bioavailability measured using female C57BL/6 mice. The bioavailability of PBDEs in the soils and SRM2585 were 1.7% to 38.1% and 3.9% to 48.8%, respectively, and the bioaccessibility determined using Fa-VDM were 1.6-55.4% and 6.7-32.1%. There were negative and parabolic correlations between octanol/water partition coefficient for PBDEs and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility, respectively, whereas the H/C ratios and organic matter contents of the soils did not correlate with them. The bioaccessibility data determined by Fa-VDM were generally higher than those obtained using the other four methods, mainly due to the higher bile concentration and larger liquid to solid ratio in the digestion solution in Fa-VDM. There was a significant linear relationship between the results according to the in vivo and in vitro method of Fa-VDM where the slopes varied from 0.83 to 1.16 (R2 > 0.73) and intercepts from 0.3%-7.7% for BDE47, 99, 100, and 153 measured using Fa-VDM, thereby indicating that the bioaccessibility assessed by this method can potentially be used to predict the bioavailability of moderately brominated congeners in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sufang Lou
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 518055, PR China
| | - Shentao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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Xiong J, Li G, An T. Development of methodology for the determination of carbon isotope ratios using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and applications in the biodegradation of phenolic brominated flame retardants and their degradation products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:54-60. [PMID: 25462363 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of phenolic brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and bisphenol A (BPA) has proven informative to discriminate their source and fate apportionment in the environment. However, because these compounds contain highly polar functional groups and exist as complex mixtures in environment matrices, derivatization is a necessary step, which adds additional non-analyte carbon atoms for analyses and may alter the original stable carbon isotope ratio. It is, therefore, imperative to gain an insight into the relationship between the δ(13) C values of the BFRs and BPA derivatives and those of underivatized BFRs and BPA. METHODS The δ(13) C values of BFRs and BPA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatives were measured by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The δ(13) C values of the BSTFA reagent and the standard underivatized BFRs and BPA were determined using elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). The experimentally obtained δ(13) C values for BFRs and BPA derivatives were then compared with the theoretically calculated values. RESULTS The derivatization process introduces no isotopic fractionation for BFRs and BPA (the average difference between the theoretically calculated and experimentally obtained δ(13) C values was 0.06 ± 0.15‰, within the precision limits of the GC/C/IRMS measurements). Therefore, the δ(13) C values for the original underivatized BFRs and BPA were computed through a mass balance equation. CONCLUSIONS This work offers a novel tool to research the biotic or abiotic transformation processes of BFRs and BPA in the environment and will offer a perspective for the identification of the environmental source and fate of these organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ferreira AMC, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM. In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:70-83. [PMID: 23726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of derivatization reactions is a common practice in analytical laboratories. Although in many cases it is tedious and time-consuming, it does offer a good alternative for the determination of analytes not compatible to gas chromatography. Many of the reactions reported in the literature occur in organic medium. However, in situ aqueous derivatization reactions, which can be performed directly in aqueous medium, offer important advantages over those mentioned above, such as no need of a previous extraction step and easy automation. Here we review the most recent developments and applications of in situ aqueous derivatization. The discussion focuses on the derivatization reactions used for the determination of alcohols and phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds and thiols in different aqueous matrices, such as environmental, biological and food samples. Several reactions are described for each functional group (acylation, alkylation, esterification, among others) and, in some cases, the same reagents can be used for several functional groups, such that there is an unavoidable overlap between sections. Finally, attention is also focused on the techniques used for the introduction of the derivatives formed in the aqueous medium into the chromatographic system. The implementation of in situ aqueous derivatization coupled to preconcentration techniques has permitted the enhancement of recoveries and improvements in the separation, selectivity and sensitivity of the analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Guo S, Chen M, Wen S, Sheng G, Fu J. Measuring δ(13)C values of atmospheric acetaldehyde via sodium bisulfite adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2012; 48:473-482. [PMID: 22809364 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2012.702113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
δ(13)C values of gaseous acetaldehyde were measured by gas chromatograph-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS) via sodium bisulfite (NaHSO(3)) adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. Gaseous acetaldehyde was collected via NaHSO(3)-coated Sep-Pak(®) silica gel cartridge, then derivatised with cysteamine, and then the δ(13)C value of the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative was measured by GC-C-IRMS. Using two acetaldehydes with different δ(13)C values, derivatisation experiments were carried out to cover concentrations between 0.009×10(-3) and 1.96×10(-3) mg·l(-1)) of atmospheric acetaldehyde, and then δ(13)C fractionation was evaluated in the derivatisation of acetaldehyde based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde, cysteamine and the acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative. δ(13)C measurements in the derivertisation process showed good reproducibility (<0.5 ‰) for gaseous acetaldehyde. The differences between predicted and measured δ(13)C values were 0.04-0.31 ‰ for acetaldehyde-cysteamine derivative, indicating that the derivatisation introduces no isotope fractionation for gaseous acetaldehyde, and obtained δ(13)C values of acetaldehyde in ambient air at the two sites were distinct (-34.00 ‰ at an urban site versus-31.00 ‰ at a forest site), implying potential application of the method to study atmospheric acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjun Guo
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Li Q, Wang W, Zhang HW, Wang YJ, Wang B, Li L, Li HJ, Wang BJ, Zhan J, Wu M, Bi XH. Development of a Compound-Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis Method for 2-Methyltetrols, Biomarkers for Secondary Organic Aerosols from Atmospheric Isoprene. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6764-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100214p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Jian Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hui Bi
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 200072 Shanghai, China, Hefei Artillery Academy, 230002 Hefei, China, Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, Qingdao University Medical College, 266071 Qingdao, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Li L, Deng S, Wang W, Li H, Zhang X, Sheng G, Fu J, Bi X, Sun B. Determination of the stable carbon isotopic compositions of 2-methyltetrols in ambient aerosols from the Changbai Mountains. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1625-1628. [PMID: 20486258 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is one of the most important non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the troposphere: it is a significant precursor of O(3) and it affects the oxidative state of the atmosphere. The diastereoisomeric 2-methyltetrols, 2-methylthreitol and 2-methylerythritol, are marker compounds of the photooxidation products of atmospheric isoprene. In order to obtain valuable information on the delta(13)C value of isoprene in the atmosphere, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of the 2-methyltetrols in ambient aerosols were investigated. The 2-methyltetrols were extracted from filter samples and derivatized with methylboronic acid, and the delta(13)C values of the methylboronate derivatives were determined by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The delta(13)C values of the 2-methyltetrols were then calculated through a simple mass balance equation between the 2-methyltetrols, methylboronic acid and the methylboronates. The delta(13)C values of the 2-methyltetrols in aerosol samples collected at the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserves in eastern China were found to be -24.66 +/- 0.90 per thousand and -24.53 +/- 1.08 per thousand for 2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol, respectively. Based on the measured isotopic composition of the 2-methyltetrols, the average delta(13)C value of atmospheric isoprene is inferred to be close to or slightly heavier than -24.66 per thousand at the collection site during the sampling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan Province, China
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Rice AL, Quay P. Isotopic composition of formaldehyde in urban air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8752-8758. [PMID: 19943642 DOI: 10.1021/es9010916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic composition of atmospheric formaldehyde was measured in air samples collected in urban Seattle, Washington. A recently developed gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry analytical technique was used to extract formaldehyde directly from whole air, separate it from other volatile organic compounds, and measure its (13)C/(12)C and D/H ratio. Measurements of formaldehyde concentration were also made concomitant with isotope ratio. Results of the analysis of nine discrete air samples for delta(13)C-HCHO have a relatively small range in isotopic composition (-31 to -25 per thousand versus VPDB [+/-1.3 per thousand]) over a considerable concentration range (0.8-4.4 ppb [+/-15%]). In contrast, analyses of 17 air samples for deltaD-HCHO show a large range (-296 to +210 per thousand versus VSMOW [+/-50 per thousand]) over the concentrations measured (0.5-2.9 ppb). Observations of deltaD are weakly anticorrelated with concentration. Isotopic data are interpreted using both source- and sink-based approaches. Results of delta(13)C-HCHO are similar to those observed previously for a number of nonmethane hydrocarbons in urban environments and variability can be reconciled with a simple sink-based model. The large variability observed in deltaD-HCHO favors a source-based interpretation with HCHO depleted in deuterium from primary sources of HCHO (i.e., combustion) and HCHO enriched in deuterium from secondary photochemical sources (i.e., hydrocarbon oxidation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Rice
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA.
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Shen H, McNichol AP, Xu L, Gagnon A, Heikes BG. Radiocarbon Analysis of Atmospheric Formaldehyde Using Cystamine Derivatization. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9004666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Shen
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, and National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Ann P. McNichol
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, and National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Li Xu
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, and National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Gagnon
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, and National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Brian G. Heikes
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, and National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Tremblay P, Savard MM, Smirnoff A, Paquin R. Membrane permeation continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry for on-line carbon isotope ratio determination. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2213-2220. [PMID: 19533600 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous membrane permeation (MP) technologies have been combined with continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry for on-line delta13C measurements. The experimental setup of membrane permeation-gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (MP-GC/C/IRMS) quantitatively traps gas streams in membrane permeation experiments under steady-state conditions and performs on-line gas transfer into a GC/C/IRMS system. A commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane sheet was used for the experiments. Laboratory tests using CO2 demonstrate that the whole process does not fractionate the C isotopes of CO2. Moreover, the delta13C values of CO2 permeated on-line give the same isotopic results as off-line static dual-inlet IRMS delta13C measurements. Formaldehyde generated from aqueous formaldehyde solutions has also been used as the feed gas for permeation experiments and on-line delta13C determination. The feed-formaldehyde delta13C value was pre-determined by sampling the headspace of the thermostated aqueous formaldehyde solution. Comparison of the results obtained by headspace with those from direct aqueous formaldehyde injection confirms that the headspace sampling does not generate isotopic fractionation, but the permeated formaldehyde analyzed on-line yields a 13C enrichment relative to the feed delta13C value, the isotopic fractionation being 1.0026 +/- 0.0003. The delta13C values have been normalized using an adapted two-point isotopic calibration for delta13C values ranging from -42 to -10 per thousand. The MP-GC/C/IRMS system allows the delta13C determination of formaldehyde without chemical derivatization or additional analytical imprecision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Tremblay
- Phytronix Technology, 337 Saint-Joseph Est, Quebec, Quebec G1K 3B3, Canada.
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Yu Y, Lu M, Jia W, Van de Wiele T, Han S, Zhang D, Wu M, Sheng G, Fu J. Carbon isotope effects of DDTs in carrot during the digestion process using an in vitro test. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2803-2808. [PMID: 18697231 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis is a promising tool to assess the origins and fates of organic contaminants in many fields. The present study aims to investigate the isotope effects of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its degradates in carrots during digestion processes simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. To accurately interpret isotopic data obtained for unreleased DDTs (p,p-DDT, p,p-DDD and p,p-DDE) from carrots during digestion, spiked carrots with known delta(13)C values of DDTs were incubated in simulated gastric and intestinal solutions using a static in vitro model of the human gut. The delta(13)C values and concentrations of DDTs remaining in the carrot and in the digestive solutions were measured. The difference in the delta(13)C values of the added DDTs and the matrix-bound DDTs after digestion was always <0.50 per thousand, which is within the technical specification of the analytical system, although the released DDTs increased or decreased under the digestion conditions. The study demonstrated that there were no significant carbon isotopic fractionations during digestion. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the isotope effect of organic compounds during stomach and small intestine digestion, and the first reported isotope analyses of DDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Yu Y, Wen S, Lü H, Feng Y, Wang X, Sheng G, Fu J. Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in Forest Park in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 137:275-85. [PMID: 17564801 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C(3)-C(10) carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for alpha-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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Guo S, Wen S, Wang X, Sheng G, Fu J, Jia W, Yu Y, Lu H. Carbon isotope analysis of acetaldehyde and acetone by cysteamine derivatization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1809-12. [PMID: 17486671 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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