1
|
Algharagholy LA, García-Suárez VM, Bardan KH. Robust nanotube-based nanosensor designed for the detection of explosive molecules. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3553-3565. [PMID: 38989522 PMCID: PMC11232540 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The adequate determination and detection of explosive molecules is key to introducing improvements in areas related to safety, whose progress depends on an adequate and rapid determination of dangerous substances. To detect explosives down to the molecular level and accurately discriminate between different but somehow similar substances, it is necessary to design sensors that can differentiate them uniquely and efficiently. In this study, we present a new generation nanoscale sensor based on carbon nanotubes with an adapted nanopore shape that is capable of effectively discriminating between five types of explosive compounds (TATP, RDX, PENT, HMX and DNT). We show that the interaction of each compound with the walls of the nanotubes induces changes in transmission and current that allows clear differentiation of each type of molecule. Interestingly, the transport properties do not depend on the orientation of the molecules within the nanopore in most cases, making it a robust device with high reproducibility and stability. The results also show that these systems can lead to relatively high thermoelectric performances and, furthermore, the Seebeck coefficient can be used to discriminate between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith A Algharagholy
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sumer Al Rifaee Zip: 64005 Thi-Qar Iraq
| | | | - Kareem Hasan Bardan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sumer Al Rifaee Zip: 64005 Thi-Qar Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srilaoong P, Buasakun J, Raksakoon C, Sangma C, Chainok K, Harding P, Harding DJ, Duangthongyou T. Highly Effective Detection of DNP and Fe3+ by Designed Coordination Polymers Containing Electron Rich Linkers and Azo Functional Groups. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
3
|
Wu H, Yang L, Sun W, Yang P, Xing H. Facile preparation of mesoporous silica coated nitrogen doped carbon dots for sensitive detection of picric acid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33696-33705. [PMID: 36505676 PMCID: PMC9685500 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04878g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a nanocomposite suitable for long-term storage was constructed for efficient and highly selective detection of picric acid (PA). For this purpose, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction one-step method, and the synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots were loaded into amine-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-NH2) to form N-CDs@MSN-NH2 nanocomposites. The as-synthesized N-CDs@MSN-NH2 was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis methods. After being coated with MSNs, the as-synthesized N-CDs@MSN-NH2 exhibits excellent photo-stability in storage for 60 days at room temperature. Furthermore, PA can significantly quench the fluorescence signal of N-CDs@MSN-NH2 through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect, while other metal ions and nitro compounds only cause little change. The a-synthesized composites were used to detect PA with a detection limit of 50 nM in an aqueous solution. These results indicate that the synthesized composites have promise for application in PA detection in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001China
| | - Honglong Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bener M, Burak Şen F, Apak R. Protamine gold nanoclusters - based fluorescence turn-on sensor for rapid determination of Trinitrotoluene (TNT). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121462. [PMID: 35687992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Determination of trace residues of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an analytical challenge as it is widely used in military, mining industry, civilian and counter-terrorism purposes. In this study, a gold nanocluster - based turn-on fluorescence sensor was developed for TNT determination. A one-pot approach was used to synthesize the fluorescent protamine - stabilized gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNC). The proposed turn-on fluorometric sensor relies on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement mechanism. As a result of the donor-acceptor interaction between the non-fluorescent Meisenheimer anion formed from TNT and the amino groups of weakly fluorescent protamine, the PRT-AuNCs aggregate and an accompanying enhancement in fluorescence intensity is observed with a large Stokes shift (λex = 300 nm, λem = 600 nm). The fluorescence enhancement increased linearly with TNT with an LOD of 12.44 µg/L. Similar energetic materials, common soil ions and explosive camouflage materials did not affect the proposed fluorometric sensing method. TNT in artificially contaminated soil was determined, and the results were comparable to those obtained by the HPLC-DAD system. The proposed turn-on sensor is an important tool for simple, fast, rapid and sensitive TNT determination, and has a potential to be converted to a kit format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34126, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Wang H, Yang B, Shu J, Jiang K, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Li Z, Huang J, Wei Z. An ultrasensitive SPI/PAI ion source based on a high-flux VUV lamp and its applications for the online mass spectrometric detection of sub-pptv sulfur ethers. Talanta 2022; 247:123558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Ricci PP, Gregory OJ. Free-standing, thin-film sensors for the trace detection of explosives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6623. [PMID: 33758273 PMCID: PMC7987993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world focused on the development of cybersecurity, many densely populated areas and transportation hubs are still susceptible to terrorist attacks via improvised explosive devices (IEDs). These devices frequently employ a combination of peroxide based explosives as well as nitramines, nitrates, and nitroaromatics. Detection of these explosives can be challenging due to varying chemical composition and the extremely low vapor pressures exhibited by some explosive compounds. No electronic trace detection system currently exists that is capable of continuously monitoring both peroxide based explosives and certain nitrogen based explosives, or their precursors, in the vapor phase. Recently, we developed a thermodynamic sensor that can detect a multitude of explosives in the vapor phase at the parts-per-trillion (ppt) level. The sensors rely on the catalytic decomposition of the explosive and specific oxidation–reduction reactions between the energetic molecule and metal oxide catalyst; i.e. the heat effects associated with catalytic decomposition and redox reactions between the decomposition products and catalyst are measured. Improved sensor response and selectivity were achieved by fabricating free-standing, ultrathin film (1 µm thick) microheater sensors for this purpose. The fabrication method used here relies on the interdiffusion mechanics between a copper (Cu) adhesion layer and the palladium (Pd) microheater sensor. A detailed description of the fabrication process to produce a free-standing 1 µm thick sensor is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ricci
- Sensors and Surface Technology Partnership, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue Suite 360, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Otto J Gregory
- Sensors and Surface Technology Partnership, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue Suite 360, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nawaz MAH, Meng L, Zhou H, Ren J, Shahzad SA, Hayat A, Yu C. Tetraphenylethene probe based fluorescent silica nanoparticles for the selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:825-831. [PMID: 33502411 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorometric method is developed utilizing aggregation-induced emission probe based silica nanoparticles for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives. A positively charged tetraphenylethene based probe (TPE-C2-2+) is doped into silica nanoparticles exploiting electrostatic interactions to produce TPE-SiO2 nanoparticles with a uniform particle size. The TPE-SiO2 nanoparticles exhibit strong fluorescence emission due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect of the doped TPE probe. The fluorescence emission of TPE-SiO2 offers quantitative and sensitive response to picric acid (PA), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) which are used as model examples of nitroaromatic compounds. The fluorescence spectroscopy results show that the fluorescence emission of TPE-SiO2 was greatly quenched in the presence of the electron-poor nitroaromatic compounds due to the inner filter effect (IFE) and possibly the contact quenching mechanism. TPE-SiO2 nanoparticles show better sensitivity towards PA and could detect PA down to 0.01 μM with a linear detection range of 0.1-50 μM. The increased chemical stability, efficient high sensitivity and simple synthesis of the TPE-SiO2 nanoparticles demonstrate that they can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe for a wide range of electron-poor compounds, i.e. nitroaromatic compounds. Interference studies show that common interfering species with nitroexplosives such as acids, bases, volatile organic compounds, and salt solutions have a negligible effect during the sensing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sen Bishwas M, Malik M, Poddar P. Raman spectroscopy-based sensitive, fast and reversible vapour phase detection of explosives adsorbed on metal–organic frameworks UiO-67. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective, rapid, and reversible detection of explosive molecules in the vapour phase, adsorbed on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) under ambient laboratory conditions is demonstrated using Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Sen Bishwas
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Monika Malik
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roucou A, Goubet M, Kleiner I, Bteich S, Cuisset A. Large Amplitude Torsions in Nitrotoluene Isomers Studied by Rotational Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry Calculations. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2523-2538. [PMID: 32857456 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rotational spectra of ortho-nitrotoluene (2-NT) and para-nitrotoluene (4-NT) have been recorded at low and room temperatures using a supersonic jet Fourier Transform microwave (MW) spectrometer and a millimeter-wave frequency multiplier chain, respectively. Supported by quantum chemistry calculations, the spectral analysis of pure rotation lines in the vibrational ground state has allowed to characterise the rotational energy, the hyperfine structure due to the 14 N nucleus and the internal rotation splittings arising from the methyl group. For 2-NT, an anisotropic internal rotation of coupled -CH3 and -NO2 torsional motions was identified by quantum chemistry calculations and discussed from the results of the MW analysis. The study of the internal rotation splittings in the spectra of three NT isomers allowed to characterise the internal rotation potentials of the methyl group and to compare them with other mono-substituted toluene derivatives in order to study the isomeric influence on the internal rotation barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Roucou
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4493, LPCA, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, F-59140, Dunkerque, France.,Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Manuel Goubet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Kleiner
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS UMR 7583, Université Paris-Est Créteil & Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94010, Créteil cedex, France
| | - Sabath Bteich
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4493, LPCA, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Arnaud Cuisset
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4493, LPCA, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Zhu Z, Feng J, Xue M, Meng Z, Qiu L, Mondele Mbola N. Dimethyl sulfoxide infiltrated photonic crystals for gas sensing. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Phan TD, Li A, Nakamura H, Imasaka T, Imasaka T. Single-Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using a Vacuum Ultraviolet Femtosecond Laser. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1730-1737. [PMID: 32608978 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (TS, 800 nm) was converted into the ultraviolet (UV, 200 nm) using three β-barium borate crystals (β-BaB2O4) for frequency doubling and subsequent mixing. The UV pulse was further converted into the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 185 nm) based on four-wave Raman mixing, in which a two-color pump beam consisting of the fundamental beam (800 nm) of the TS and the signal beam of an optical parametric amplifier (1200 nm) pumped by the TS was focused onto a capillary waveguide filled with hydrogen gas for molecular phase modulation and the single-color UV probe beam (200 nm) was then focused onto the waveguide for frequency modulation to generate anti-Stokes and high-order Stokes Raman sidebands at wavelengths of 185 and 218-267 nm, respectively. The efficiency of conversion from the UV (200 nm) to the VUV (185 nm) was 6%. The ionization energy was calculated for 13 amino polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using density functional theory, since they are associated with the development of occupational bladder cancers. The values calculated by the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ and ωB97Xd/cc-pVTZ methods were 6.24-7.14 eV (199-174 nm) and 6.41-7.35 eV (194-169 nm), respectively. A sample containing a mixture of 9-aminoanthracene, 3-aminofluoranthene, and 1-aminopyrene was separated by gas chromatography (GC), and the eluents were ionized with the VUV pulse (0.015 μJ) in mass spectrometry (MS). The analytes were observed on a two-dimensional display of GC/MS, and the detection limit obtained by single-photon ionization of 3-aminofluoranthene was 1 ng/μL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Dinh Phan
- Division of International Strategy, Center of Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Adan Li
- Division of International Strategy, Center of Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Division of International Strategy, Center of Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imasaka
- Department of Environmental Design, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
| | - Totaro Imasaka
- Division of International Strategy, Center of Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Hikari Giken, Co., 2-10-30, Sakurazaka, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka 810-0024, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Komikawa T, Tanaka M, Tamang A, Evans SD, Critchley K, Okochi M. Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Rapid Label-Free Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1400-1407. [PMID: 32281783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Explosive compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pose a great concern in terms of both global public security and environmental protection. There are estimated to be hundreds of TNT contaminated sites all over the world, which will affect the health of humans, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Clearly, the ability to detect TNT in soils, water supplies, and wastewater is important for environmental studies but also important for security, such as in ports and boarders. However, conventional spectroscopic detection is not practical for on-site sensing because it requires sophisticated equipment and trained personnel. We report a rapid and simple chemical sensor for TNT by using TNT binding peptides which are conjugated to fluorescent CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs). QDs were synthesized in the aqueous phase, and the peptide was attached directly to the surface of the QDs by using thiol groups. The fluorescent emission from the QDs was quenched in response to the addition of TNT. The response could even be observed by the naked eye. The limit of detection from fluorescence spectroscopic measurement was estimated to be approximately 375 nM. In addition to the rapid response (within a few seconds), selective detection was demonstrated. We believe this label-free chemical sensor contributes to progress for the on-site explosive sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Komikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Abiral Tamang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Komikawa T, Tanaka M, Yanai K, Johnson BR, Critchley K, Onodera T, Evans SD, Toko K, Okochi M. A bioinspired peptide matrix for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
14
|
Babar D, Garje SS. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Selective Detection of Nitro Explosives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2710-2717. [PMID: 32095694 PMCID: PMC7033677 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a highly selective and sensitive method has been developed for the detection of trinitrophenol (TNP), which is a dangerous explosive. For this purpose, N and P co-doped carbon dots (NP-Cdots) have been used. Synthesis of N and P co-doped carbon dots has been carried out by a simple and quick method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was carried out to detect the doping of N and P. These carbon dots are insoluble in water (inNP-Cdots). These carbon dots were functionalized by treating them with conc. HNO3 so that they become water-soluble (wsNP-Cdots). These dots were characterized by different analytical techniques such as IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The as-prepared wsNP-Cdots have good fluorescence properties. The average diameter of wsNP-Cdots is found to be 5.7 nm with an interlayer spacing (d-spacing) of 0.16 nm. The as-prepared wsNP-Cdots are highly sensitive and selective toward TNP, as observed using a fluorescence quenching technique. The quenching constant for TNP is found to be very high (8.06 × 104 M-1), which indicates its high quenching ability. The limit of detection is found to be 23 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak
Gorakh Babar
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - Shivram S. Garje
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zuo H, Li Y, Liao Y. Europium Ionic Liquid Grafted Covalent Organic Framework with Dual Luminescence Emissions as Sensitive and Selective Acetone Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39201-39208. [PMID: 31573792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronical exposure to volatile acetone could damage to the liver and kidney or nerve, and cause inflammation. Design of novel materials for the sensitive and selective detection of acetone is of great importance. We report on a europium (Eu)-containing covalent organic framework (DhaTab-COF-EuIL) synthesized via a Schiff-base reaction between 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Dha) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (Tab) followed by an ionic liquid (IL)-modification and then ion displacement. The resulting DhaTab-COF-EuIL is microporous and crystalline, and not only presents unique dual luminescence emissions of Eu3+ and COF material, but also exhibits remarkable luminescence quenching toward acetone. Especially, the DhaTab-COF-EuIL could be a novel luminescent sensor, displaying high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of volatile acetone with a limit of detection down to 1%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zuo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometer in Online Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
17
|
Ultrasensitive detection of volatile aldehydes with chemi-ionization-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 194:888-894. [PMID: 30609620 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemi-ionization reaction is a high-efficiency pathway to produce molecular ions in plasma, however, it has rarely been applied in mass spectrometry to directly produce analyte ions. In this study, a novel chemi-ionization technique for mass spectrometry was applied for the direct and ultrasensitive detection of gaseous aldehydes. The ionization technique was enacted by a recently observed chemi-ionization reaction: the efficient proton transfer from H2O to oxygenated compounds was stimulated by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-excited CH2Cl2. By analyzing a series of aliphatic aldehydes (C2-C5) and benzaldehyde with different proton affinities (PAs) and polarities, the ionization features of the new ionization method were investigated for the first time. The chemi-ionization of aldehydes presented soft ionization characteristics with fragmentation patterns analogous to that of VUV photoionization. The method showed ultrahigh sensitivities toward aldehydes (up to 1108 ± 6 counts pptv-1 for benzaldehyde in 10 s acquisition time). The corresponding 3σ limits of detection (LODs) achieved 0.30-0.69 pptv, which are equivalent of 1.35-1.92 ng m-3, for the compounds investigated. The humidity experiments revealed that the moisture in the sample gas had an evident impact on the detection efficiency of the analyte and the influence was PA dependent. In addition, the applicability of this ionization mode was further tested by analysis of aldehydes in cigarette smoke. This study provides a promising ionization method for greatly improving the current on-line detection sensitivity of volatile aldehydes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao W, Liu F, Pan CW, Zhang XM, Liu JP, Gao QY. A stable anionic metal–organic framework with open coordinated sites: selective separation toward cationic dyes and sensing properties. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce02060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional anionic metal–organic framework was successfully synthesized using a new pyridyl–tricarboxylate ligand. It could be applied as a luminescent sensor for Fe3+ ions and TNP and it showed selective adsorption of cationic dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- China
| | - Chang-Wei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Nanjing University
| | - Jie-Ping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- China
| | - Qing-Yu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bastatas LD, Echeverria-Mora E, Wagle P, Mainali P, Austin A, McIlroy DN. Emergent Electrical Properties of Ensembles of 1D Nanostructures and Their Impact on Room Temperature Electrical Sensing of Ammonium Nitrate Vapor. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2367-2374. [PMID: 30350946 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium nitrate is an explosive agent that has a very low vapor pressure, which makes airborne detection very challenging. Detection of ammonium nitrate vapor has been achieved by using silica nanospring mats coated with a thin semiconducting layer of zinc oxide. The sensor was operated at room temperature and under ambient conditions in air. Lock-in amplification was employed to measure the change in electrical resistance of the sensor upon exposure to the said target gas analyte. The sensor showed fast detection, only taking ∼15 s to reach its peak response, and exhibited a moderate recovery time of approximately 0.5 min/20 ppm for <40 ppm exposures. A comparison between the ZnO coated nanospring sensor and ZnO thin film sensor demonstrated that the nanospring sensor has superior sensitivity and responsiveness over the thin film sensor. A percolation-based model is proposed to explain the greater sensitivity at low analyte concentrations of the ZnO-nanospring sensor, as compared to a ZnO thin film sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon D. Bastatas
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Elena Echeverria-Mora
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Phadindra Wagle
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Punya Mainali
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Aaron Austin
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - David N. McIlroy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kong L, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Guan J, Pumera M. Fuel-Free Light-Powered TiO 2/Pt Janus Micromotors for Enhanced Nitroaromatic Explosives Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22427-22434. [PMID: 29916690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) are two common nitroaromatic compounds in ammunition. Their leakage leads to serious environmental pollution and threatens human health. It is important to remove or decompose them rapidly and efficiently. In this work, we present that light-powered TiO2/Pt Janus micromotors have high efficiency for the "on-the-fly" photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT in pure water under UV irradiation. The redox reactions, induced by photogenerated holes and electrons on the TiO2/Pt Janus micromotor surfaces, produce a local electric field that propels the micromotors as well as oxidative species that are able to photodegrade 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT. Furthermore, the moving TiO2/Pt Janus micromotors show an efficient degradation of nitroaromatic compounds as compared to the stationary ones thanks to the enhanced mixing and mass transfer in the solution by movement of these micromotors. Such fuel-free light-powered micromotors for explosive degradation are expected to find a way to environmental remediation and security applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roucou A, Kleiner I, Goubet M, Bteich S, Mouret G, Bocquet R, Hindle F, Meerts WL, Cuisset A. Towards the Detection of Explosive Taggants: Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Gas-Phase Spectroscopies of 3-Nitrotoluene. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1056-1067. [PMID: 29328542 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of gas-phase mononitrotoluenes is crucial for defence, civil security and environmental interests because they are used as taggant for TNT detection and in the manufacturing of industrial compounds such as dyestuffs. In this study, we have succeeded to measure and analyse at high-resolution a room temperature rotationally resolved millimetre-wave spectrum of meta-nitrotoluene (3-NT). Experimental and theoretical difficulties have been overcome, in particular, those related to the low vapour pressure of 3-NT and to the presence of a CH3 internal rotation in an almost free rotation regime (V3 =6.7659(24) cm-1 ). Rotational spectra have been recorded in the microwave and millimetre-wave ranges using a supersonic jet Fourier Transform microwave spectrometer (Trot <10 K) and a millimetre-wave frequency multiplication chain (T=293 K), respectively. Spectral analysis of pure rotation lines in the vibrational ground state and in the first torsional excited state supported by quantum chemistry calculations permits the rotational energy of the molecule, the hyperfine structure due to the 14 N nucleus, and the internal rotation of the methyl group to be characterised. A line list is provided for future in situ detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Roucou
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), EA 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2 (MREI2), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Isabelle Kleiner
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS UMR 7583, Universités Paris-Est Créteil & Paris Diderot, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94010, Créteil cedex, France
| | - Manuel Goubet
- Université Lille 1, CNRS, UMR8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sabath Bteich
- Université Lille 1, CNRS, UMR8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gael Mouret
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), EA 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2 (MREI2), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Robin Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), EA 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2 (MREI2), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Francis Hindle
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), EA 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2 (MREI2), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - W Leo Meerts
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Felix Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Cuisset
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), EA 4493, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2 (MREI2), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang B, Zhang H, Shu J, Ma P, Zhang P, Huang J, Li Z, Xu C. Vacuum-Ultraviolet-Excited and CH2Cl2/H2O-Amplified Ionization-Coupled Mass Spectrometry for Oxygenated Organics Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 90:1301-1308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Pengkun Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ce Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo Z. Deep Ultraviolet Single‐Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
24
|
Determination of adiabatic ionization potentials and electron affinities of energetic molecules with the Gaussian-4 method. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Li Z, Xu C, Shu J. Detection of sub-pptv benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene via low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 964:134-141. [PMID: 28351629 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the advanced development of an ultrasensitive method for the detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (or BTE) by low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (LPPI-MS). The LPPI source is composed of a laboratory-assembled krypton lamp and a stainless steel cylindrical ionizer. A compact V-shaped mass spectrometer is coupled to the LPPI source with a set of ion immigration optics under dc bias. The fixed standard concentration (FSC) and fixed standard volume (FSV) method are employed to calibrate the sensitivities of the instrument. The corresponding detection sensitivity toward BTE is 4-7 counts/pptv and the 2σ limit of detection (LOD) is 0.5-0.8 part per trillion by volume (pptv). In addition, the measurement accuracy is 95%-105%, and the corresponding precision ranges from 3% to 15% and from 9% to 31% for the FSC and FSV methods, respectively. The stability (standard deviation) of LPPI-MS for a 1 ppbv BTE mixture is less than 0.025 (>12 h). In the detection of BTE, water in ambient air is the most significant interfering factor, leading to the increased background, and inferior LODs of 1-2 pptv for BTE under an RH of ∼90% is observed. Experimental results indicated that LPPI-MS is reliable for the detection of sub-pptv levels of BTE under laboratory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yew YT, Ambrosi A, Pumera M. Nitroaromatic explosives detection using electrochemically exfoliated graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33276. [PMID: 27633489 PMCID: PMC5025880 DOI: 10.1038/srep33276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of nitroaromatic explosives is of paramount importance from security point of view. Graphene sheets obtained from the electrochemical anodic exfoliation of graphite foil in different electrolytes (LiClO4 and Na2SO4) were compared and tested as electrode material for the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater. Voltammetry analysis demonstrated the superior electrochemical performance of graphene produced in LiClO4, resulting in higher sensitivity and linearity for the explosives detection and lower limit of detection (LOD) compared to the graphene obtained in Na2SO4. We attribute this to the presence of oxygen functionalities onto the graphene material obtained in LiClO4 which enable charge electrostatic interactions with the –NO2 groups of the analyte, in addition to π-π stacking interactions with the aromatic moiety. Research findings obtained from this study would assist in the development of portable devices for the on-site detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Teng Yew
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Jiang J, Hua L, Hou K, Xie Y, Chen P, Liu W, Li Q, Wang S, Li H. High-Pressure Photon Ionization Source for TOFMS and Its Application for Online Breath Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9047-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department
of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun W, Liang M, Li Z, Shu J, Yang B, Xu C, Zou Y. Ultrasensitive detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents by low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 156-157:191-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
Highly sensitive gas-phase explosive detection by luminescent microporous polymer networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29118. [PMID: 27373905 PMCID: PMC4931441 DOI: 10.1038/srep29118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose microporous networks (MPNs) of a light emitting spiro-carbazole based polymer (PSpCz) as luminescent sensor for nitro-aromatic compounds. The MPNs used in this study can be easily synthesized on arbitrarily sized/shaped substrates by simple and low-cost electrochemical deposition. The resulting MPN afford an extremely high specific surface area of 1300 m2/g, more than three orders of magnitude higher than that of the thin films of the respective monomer. We demonstrate, that the luminescence of PSpCz is selectively quenched by nitro-aromatic analytes, e.g. nitrobenzene, 2,4-DNT and TNT. In striking contrast to a control sample based on non-porous spiro-carbazole, which does not show any luminescence quenching upon exposure to TNT at levels of 3 ppm and below, the microporous PSpCz shows a clearly detectable response even at TNT concentrations as low as 5 ppb, clearly demonstrating the advantage of microporous films as luminescent sensors for traces of explosive analytes. This level states the vapor pressure of TNT at room temperature.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Long Y, Wang Y, Du X, Cheng L, Wu P, Jiang Y. The Different Sensitive Behaviors of a Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Polymer-Coated SAW Sensor for Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants. SENSORS 2015. [PMID: 26225975 PMCID: PMC4570322 DOI: 10.3390/s150818302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A linear hydrogen-bond acidic (HBA) linear functionalized polymer (PLF), was deposited onto a bare surface acoustic wave (SAW) device to fabricate a chemical sensor. Real-time responses of the sensor to a series of compounds including sarin (GB), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), mustard gas (HD), chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (2-CEES), 1,5-dichloropentane (DCP) and some organic solvents were studied. The results show that the sensor is highly sensitive to GB and DMMP, and has low sensitivity to HD and DCP, as expected. However, the sensor possesses an unexpected high sensitivity toward 2-CEES. This good sensing performance can’t be solely or mainly attributed to the dipole-dipole interaction since the sensor is not sensitive to some high polarity solvents. We believe the lone pair electrons around the sulphur atom of 2-CEES provide an electron-rich site, which facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonding between PLF and 2-CEES. On the contrary, the electron cloud on the sulphur atom of the HD molecule is offset or depleted by its two neighbouring strong electron-withdrawing groups, hence, hydrogen bonding can hardly be formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Xiaosong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Luhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Penglin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan F, He Y, Ding L, Su B. Highly Ordered Binary Assembly of Silica Mesochannels and Surfactant Micelles for Extraction and Electrochemical Analysis of Trace Nitroaromatic Explosives and Pesticides. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4436-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Institute of Microanalytical
Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yayun He
- Institute of Microanalytical
Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Longhua Ding
- Institute of Microanalytical
Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Microanalytical
Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hamachi A, Okuno T, Imasaka T, Kida Y, Imasaka T. Resonant and Nonresonant Multiphoton Ionization Processes in the Mass Spectrometry of Explosives. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3027-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504667t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Hamachi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoya Okuno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imasaka
- Laboratory
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1
Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kida
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Totaro Imasaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division
of Optoelectronics and Photonics, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mohsen Y, Lahlou H, Sanchez JB, Berger F, Bezverkhyy I, Weber G, Bellat JP. Development of a micro-analytical prototype for selective trace detection of orthonitrotoluene. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Derpmann V, Mueller D, Bejan I, Sonderfeld H, Wilberscheid S, Koppmann R, Brockmann KJ, Benter T. Capillary atmospheric pressure electron capture ionization (cAPECI): a highly efficient ionization method for nitroaromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:329-342. [PMID: 24399666 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel method for atmospheric pressure ionization of compounds with elevated electron affinity (e.g., nitroaromatic compounds) or gas phase acidity (e.g., phenols), respectively. The method is based on the generation of thermal electrons by the photo-electric effect, followed by electron capture of oxygen when air is the gas matrix yielding O2(-) or of the analyte directly with nitrogen as matrix. Charge transfer or proton abstraction by O2(-) leads to the ionization of the analytes. The interaction of UV-light with metals is a clean method for the generation of thermal electrons at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, only negative ions are generated and neutral radical formation is minimized, in contrast to discharge- or dopant assisted methods. Ionization takes place inside the transfer capillary of the mass spectrometer leading to comparably short transfer times of ions to the high vacuum region of the mass spectrometer. This strongly reduces ion transformation processes, resulting in mass spectra that more closely relate to the neutral analyte distribution. cAPECI is thus a soft and selective ionization method with detection limits in the pptV range. In comparison to standard ionization methods (e.g., PTR), cAPECI is superior with respect to both selectivity and achievable detection limits. cAPECI demonstrates to be a promising ionization method for applications in relevant fields as, for example, explosives detection and atmospheric chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Derpmann
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Delgado T, Alcántara JF, Vadillo JM, Laserna JJ. Condensed-phase laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of highly energetic nitro-aromatic compounds. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1807-1813. [PMID: 23821575 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analysis of explosive compounds represents an interesting field of work due to the obvious social relevance of these compounds. Direct laser ionization allows the analysis of these high internal energy compounds without sampling or preparation procedures. We have studied nitro-aromatic compounds to understand their mass spectra when directly ionized in the condensed phase, different from the gas-phase studies commonly conducted. METHODS Direct condensed-phase laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of high energy density materials has been performed using a 5 ns width quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. No matrix assistance was used. Fine control of the laser energy allowed the study of the fragmentation processes from values close to the ionization threshold to ones where atomic-only mass spectra were recorded. RESULTS The influence of the variation of extraction conditions on the recorded mass spectra was investigated. For low extraction width pulses, ions with low m/z values were mainly observed, whereas, at higher widths, higher mass fragment ions were also detected while the total ion current was maintained. Therefore, the mass spectra can be modulated to obtain mass spectra containing molecular or atomic information. The onset of ion generation for the different fragment ions was also studied, yielding information that can help to understand the processes involved in the fragmentation pathways of the molecule and in the dissociation mechanisms. Two sampling procedures allowed the prospective use of LIMS as a screening technique for nitro-aromatic-based highly energetic explosives. CONCLUSIONS Direct analysis of explosive compounds has been performed by laser ionization. A large dependence of the resultant spectra on the laser energy was observed that might be useful for studies of fragmentation pathways. For forensic applications, two sampling procedures might allow the use of LIMS as a screening technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Delgado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Postler J, Goulart MM, Matias C, Mauracher A, Ferreira da Silva F, Scheier P, Limão-Vieira P, Denifl S. Dissociative electron attachment to the nitroamine HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:744-752. [PMID: 23483516 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) measurements with gas phase HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, C4H8N8O8, have been performed by means of a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment. The most intense signals are observed at 46 and 176 u and assigned to NO2(-) and C3H6N5O4(-), respectively. Anion efficiency curves for 15 negatively charged fragments have been measured in the electron energy region from about 0-20 eV with an energy resolution of ~0.7 eV. Product anions are observed mainly in the low energy region, near 0 eV, arising from surprisingly complex reactions associated with multiple bond cleavages and structural and electronic rearrangement. The remarkable instability of HMX towards electron attachment with virtually zero kinetic energy reflects the highly explosive nature of this compound. Substantially different intensity ratios of resonances for common fragment anions allow distinguishing the nitroamines HMX and royal demolition explosive molecule (RDX) in negative ion mass spectrometry based on free electron capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Postler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstr. 25 / 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cooper JK, Grant CD, Zhang JZ. Experimental and TD-DFT Study of Optical Absorption of Six Explosive Molecules: RDX, HMX, PETN, TNT, TATP, and HMTD. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6043-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312492v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Christian D. Grant
- Physical and Life Sciences,
Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California
94550, United States
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ehlert S, Hölzer J, Rittgen J, Pütz M, Schulte-Ladbeck R, Zimmermann R. Rapid on-site detection of explosives on surfaces by ambient pressure laser desorption and direct inlet single photon ionization or chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6979-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Current trends in explosive detection techniques. Talanta 2012; 88:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
41
|
HUESTIS DAVIDL, MULLEN CHRISTOPHER, COGGIOLA MICHAELJ, OSER HARALD. LASER-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF EXPLOSIVES AND CHEMICAL WARFARE SIMULANTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129156408005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to better understand the photophysics of explosives and chemical warfare simulants in order to develop better performing analytical tools. Photoionization mass spectra were taken using three optical schemes. The first was resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) using few-ns duration 248 or 266 nm laser pulses. The second scheme was non-resonant multiphoton ionization (MPI) using 100 fs duration laser pulses at wavelengths between 325 and 795. The third approach was single photon ionization (SPI) using few-ns duration 118 nm laser pulses. For all the molecules investigated, mass spectra resulting exposure to ns-duration 248 or 266 nm laser pulses consisted of only low molecular weight fragments. Using fs-duration laser pulses produced more complicated, potentially analyzable, fragmentation patterns, usually with some parent peak. Single photon ionization gave the best results, with mass spectra consisting of almost only parent peak, except for the case of TATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DAVID L. HUESTIS
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - CHRISTOPHER MULLEN
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - HARALD OSER
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mäkinen M, Nousiainen M, Sillanpää M. Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra-traces of explosives: a review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:940-973. [PMID: 21294149 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in high accuracy and resolution from a minimal quantity of explosive without involving complicated sample preparation. The performance of the in-field analysis of extremely hazardous material has to be user-friendly and safe for operators. The two closely related ion spectrometric methods used in explosive analyses include mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The four requirements-speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and sampling-are fulfilled with both of these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mäkinen
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Flanigan PM, Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Determination of Inorganic Improvised Explosive Device Signatures Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Detection with Offline Classification. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7115-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2014299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - John J. Brady
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Judge
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buryakov IA. Detection of explosives by ion mobility spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811080077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Hua L, Wu Q, Hou K, Cui H, Chen P, Wang W, Li J, Li H. Single Photon Ionization and Chemical Ionization Combined Ion Source Based on a Vacuum Ultraviolet Lamp for Orthogonal Acceleration Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5309-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200742r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghao Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huapeng Cui
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mauracher A, Denifl S, Edtbauer A, Hager M, Probst M, Echt O, Märk TD, Scheier P, Field TA, Graupner K. Metastable anions of dinitrobenzene: resonances for electron attachment and kinetic energy release. J Chem Phys 2011; 133:244302. [PMID: 21197988 DOI: 10.1063/1.3514931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment of free, low-energy electrons to dinitrobenzene (DNB) in the gas phase leads to DNB(-) as well as several fragment anions. DNB(-), (DNB-H)(-), (DNB-NO)(-), (DNB-2NO)(-), and (DNB-NO(2))(-) are found to undergo metastable (unimolecular) dissociation. A rich pattern of resonances in the yield of these metastable reactions versus electron energy is observed; some resonances are highly isomer-specific. Most metastable reactions are accompanied by large average kinetic energy releases (KER) that range from 0.5 to 1.32 eV, typical of complex rearrangement reactions, but (1,3-DNB-H)(-) features a resonance with a KER of only 0.06 eV for loss of NO. (1,3-DNB-NO)(-) offers a rare example of a sequential metastable reaction, namely, loss of NO followed by loss of CO to yield C(5)H(4)O(-) with a large KER of 1.32 eV. The G4(MP2) method is applied to compute adiabatic electron affinities and reaction energies for several of the observed metastable channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mauracher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
White JD, Akin FA, Oser H, Crosley DR. Production of the NO photofragment in the desorption of RDX and HMX from surfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:74-81. [PMID: 21221163 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A promising scheme for the remote detection of nitrate-based explosives, which have low vapor pressure, involves two lasers: the first to desorb, vaporize, and photofragment the explosive molecule and the second to create laser-induced fluorescence in the NO fragment. It is desirable to use for the first a powerful 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. In this study, we investigate the degree of photofragmentation into NO resulting from the irradiation of the explosives RDX and HMX coated on a variety of surfaces. The desorption step is followed by femtosecond laser ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to reveal the fragments produced in the first step. We find that modest laser power of 532 nm desorbs the explosive and produces adequate amounts of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D White
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Garcia-Reyes JF, Harper JD, Salazar GA, Charipar NA, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Detection of Explosives and Related Compounds by Low-Temperature Plasma Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1084-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1029117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo CX, Lei Y, Li CM. Porphyrin Functionalized Graphene for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Ultratrace Explosives. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
CHEN HW, HU B, ZHANG X. Principle and Application of Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Direct Analysis of Complex Samples. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|