1
|
Adrover A, Venditti C, Desmet G. On the modelling of the effective longitudinal diffusion in bi-continuous chromatographic beds. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464817. [PMID: 38518515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We report on the possibility to extend to bi-continuous packings the two models for the effective longitudinal diffusion Deff, or B-term band broadening, recently proposed for discontinuous chromatographic beds. In bi-continuous packings, like monolithic columns, solutes experience a connected end-to-end pathway in both the mobile and stationary zones, as opposed to discontinuous packings, wherein the stationary adsorptive zone is distributed over a set of isolated elements. Since it is unclear whether a densely packed bed of spherical particles should be treated as a continuous or a bi-continuous medium, this extension is also crucial to fully understand the behaviour of packed particle beds. The proposed models for the effective longitudinal diffusion Deff originate from the adoption of the Two Zone Moment Analysis (TZMA) method by which Deff can be expressed as a linear combination of two essential quantities γm and γs, referred to as effective zone-diffusion factors. In the present work we propose two analytical models for γm and γs that now cover both the discontinuous and the bi-continuous case. To validate the theory, several bi-continuous packings are investigated, including the tetrahedral skeleton model (TSM), six different Triple Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) monoliths and randomly packed beds of spheres. For all of these, the models provide highly accurate results for Deff over a wide range of porosities and zone retention factors k″. The comparison with literature experimental data for both monolithic silica columns and columns packed with fully porous and porous-shell particles is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Adrover
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Venditti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ellison JHJ, Grey CP. Engineering considerations for practical lithium-air electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:355-380. [PMID: 37807702 PMCID: PMC10823492 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-air batteries promise exceptional energy density while avoiding the use of transition metals in their cathodes, however, their practical adoption is currently held back by their short lifetimes. These short lifetimes are largely caused by electrolyte breakdown, but despite extensive searching, an electrolyte resistant to breakdown has yet to be found. This paper considers the requirements placed on an electrolyte for it to be considered usable in a practical cell. We go on to examine ways, through judicious cell design, of relaxing these requirements to allow for a broader range of compounds to be considered. We conclude by suggesting types of molecules that could be explored for future cells. With this work, we aim to broaden the scope of future searches for electrolytes and inform new cell design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H J Ellison
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Redón L, Subirats X, Chapel S, Januarius T, Broeckhoven K, Rosés M, Cabooter D, Desmet G. Comprehensive analysis of the effective and intra-particle diffusion of weakly retained compounds in silica hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography columns. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464529. [PMID: 38029660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A detailed analysis of intra-particle volumes and layer thicknesses and their effect on the diffusion of solutes in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was made. Pycnometric measurements and the retention volume of deuterated mobile phase constituents (water and acetonitrile) were used to estimate the void volume inside the column, including not only the volume of the mobile phase but also part of the enriched water solvent acting as the stationary phase in HILIC. The mobile phase (hold-up) volume accessible to non-retained components was estimated using a homologous series approach. The joint analysis of the different approaches indicated the formation of enriched water layers on the hydrophobic silica mesopore walls with a thickness varying significantly with mobile phase composition. The maximal thickness of the enriched water layers, which corresponded to the minimum void volume accessible to unretained solutes, marked a transition in the retention behavior of the studied analytes. Discrepancies between deuterated solvent measurements and pycnometry were explained by the existence of an irreplaceable water layer adsorbed on the silica surface. Regarding the diffusion behavior in HILIC, peak parking experiments were used to interpret the influence of the acetonitrile content on the effective diffusion coefficient Deff. A systematic decrease in Deff and molecular diffusion Dm was observed with decreasing acetonitrile concentration, primarily attributed to variations in mobile phase viscosity. Notably, Deff/Dm remained nearly unaffected by variations in mobile phase composition. Finally, the effective medium theory was used to make a comprehensive analysis of Dpart/Dm to study the contribution to band broadening when the solute resides in the mesopores. The obtained data unveiled a curvature with a minimum corresponding to conditions of maximum water-layer thickness and retention. For the weakly retained compounds (k' < 0.5) the Dpart/Dm-values were found to be relatively high (order of 0.35-0.5), which directly reflects the high γsDs/Dm-values that were observed (order 0.35-7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Redón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Subirats
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Soraya Chapel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Timothy Januarius
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Martí Rosés
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huygens B, Venditti C, Adrover A, Desmet G. Nonadditivity and Nonlinearity of Mobile and Stationary Zone Mass Transfer Resistances in Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15199-15207. [PMID: 37791982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a two-zone moment analysis (TZMA) method based on Brenner's generalized dispersion theory for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) periodic media, we investigated the mechanisms for dispersion in particulate media for liquid chromatography. This was done using a set of plate height data covering an unprecedented wide range of retention factors, diffusion coefficients, and velocities, all computed with unequaled accuracy. Applying Giddings' additivity test, based on alternatingly making the diffusion coefficient in the mobile and stationary zones infinitely large, the dispersion data clearly indicate a lack of additivity. Although this lack could be directly understood by identifying the existence of multiple parallel mass transfer paths, the additivity assumption interestingly overestimates the true C term band broadening (typically by more than 10%, depending on conditions and dimensionality of the system). However, Giddings originally asserted the occurrence of parallel paths would always lead to an underestimation of the dispersion. The origin of the lack of additivity is analyzed in detail and qualitatively explained. Finally, we also established a generic framework for the modeling of the effect of the reduced velocity and the retention coefficient on the C term in ordered chromatographic media. This led to the introduction of a new expression for the mobile zone mass transfer term, which, unlike the currently used literature expression, contains the complete k″ dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Huygens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Venditti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Adrover
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Isaac JA, Devaux D, Bouchet R. Dense inorganic electrolyte particles as a lever to promote composite electrolyte conductivity. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1412-1418. [PMID: 36109675 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries are seen as key to the development of safer and higher-energy-density batteries, by limiting flammability and enabling the use of the lithium metal anode, respectively. Composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes are a possible solution for their realization, by benefiting from the combined mechanical properties of the polymer electrolyte and the thermal stability and high conductivity of the ceramic electrolyte. In this study we used different liquid electrolyte chemistries as models for the polymer electrolytes, and evaluated the effect of adding a variety of porous and dense ceramic electrolytes on the conductivity. All the results could be modelled with the effective medium theory, allowing prediction of the conductivity of electrolyte combinations. We unambiguously determined that highly conductive porous particles act as insulators in such systems, whereas dense particles act as conductors, thereby advancing our understanding of composite electrolyte conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Isaac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Devaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Bouchet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tortuosity of hierarchical porous materials: Diffusion experiments and random walk simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Baniani A, Wild S, Forman EM, Risse T, Vasenkov S, Bäumer M. Disentangling catalysis and mass transport: Using diffusion measurements by pulsed field gradient NMR to reveal the microkinetics of CO oxidation over nanoporous gold. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Guamán-Balcázar MDC, Montes A, Valor D, Coronel Y, De los Santos DM, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa EJ. Inclusion of Natural Antioxidants of Mango Leaves in Porous Ceramic Matrices by Supercritical CO 2 Impregnation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5934. [PMID: 36079317 PMCID: PMC9457324 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mango is one of the most important, medicinal tropical plants in the world from an economic point of view due to the presence of effective bioactive substances as co-products in its leaves. The aim of this work was to enhance the impregnation of natural antioxidants from mango leaves into a porous ceramic matrix. The effects of pressure, temperature, impregnation time, concentration of the extract and different porous silica on impregnation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were analyzed. The volume of the pressurized fluid extract and amount of porous ceramic matrix remained constant. The best impregnation conditions were obtained at 6 h, 300 bar, 60 mg/mL, 35 °C and with MSU-H porous silica. The results indicated that increasing the pressure, concentration of the extract and temperature during impregnation with phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and iriflophenone 3-C (2-O-p-hydroxybenzolyl)-β-D-glucoside increased the antioxidant activity and the amount of total phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Cisne Guamán-Balcázar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto sn, AP, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Montes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Diego Valor
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Yorky Coronel
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto sn, AP, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Desireé M. De los Santos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Clara Pereyra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
dos Santos KP, Rios NS, Labus K, Gonçalves LRB. Co-immobilization of lipase and laccase on agarose-based supports via layer-by-layer strategy: effect of diffusional limitations. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
10
|
Construction of Reliable Flow Simulation Domain and Estimation of Permeability Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and 3D X-ray Computed Tomography for Reservoir Carbonate Rocks. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-022-01807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
11
|
Review of recent insights in the measurement and modelling of the B-term dispersion and related mass transfer properties in liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1214:339955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Wernert V, Nguyen KL, Levitz P, Coasne B, Denoyel R. Impact of surface diffusion on transport through porous materials. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang W, Xie P, Li Y, Zhu J. Modelling of gas–liquid flow in a rotating packed bed using an Eulerian multi‐fluid approach. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Security China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Security China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Jianlu Zhu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Security China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polezhaev D, Kozlov V, Viviani A. Measure method of effective diffusion in gas oscillating in channels of variable radius or porous medium. MethodsX 2021; 8:101552. [PMID: 34754819 PMCID: PMC8563843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper discusses a new technique for measuring the diffusion coefficient of vapor of a volatile fluid in air in long straight channels or porous media. The proposed experimental technique is universal and allows a) determining the coefficient of molecular diffusion of vapor of a volatile liquid in air; b) calculating the coefficient of effective diffusion of vapor in oscillating air. The proposed technique was tested in the study of the diffusion of 2-propanol vapor in air at rest and oscillating air in a channel of variable radius and a porous medium consisting of randomly packed hard spheres of equal diameter and was found to be relevant. Initial experiments with a porous medium show that the proposed experimental technique can also be used to estimate the diffusive tortuosity of porous media. The results of studies, finished and planned, are useful for understanding the physical processes taking place in various technical operations including wood and food drying, drug delivery, etc.The new experimental technique provides accurate measurement of the molecular diffusion coefficient of vapor of a volatile fluid in air. The experimental setup allows measuring the enhanced mass transfer of vapor of a volatile fluid in oscillating air in a straight channel of constant/variable radius and a porous medium. The additional advantage of the present technique is that it enables the estimation of the diffusive tortuosity of a porous medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Polezhaev
- Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Laboratory of Vibrational Hydromechanics, Perm, Russia
| | - Victor Kozlov
- Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Laboratory of Vibrational Hydromechanics, Perm, Russia
| | - Antonio Viviani
- Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Dipartimento d'Ingegneria, Aversa (CE), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sheikhzadeh M, Pourmahdian S. A Multipore Model for Heterogeneous Catalytic Polymerization: Structure–Performance Relationships. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875‐4413 Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Saeed Pourmahdian
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875‐4413 Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen KL, Wernert V, Denoyel R. Effect of the polydispersity on the dispersion of polymers through silicas having different morphologies (fully porous and core-shell particles and monoliths). J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461985. [PMID: 33611113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the polydispersity of polystyrenes on the dispersion through silicas having different morphologies (fully porous, core-shell particles and monoliths) was investigated. The heights equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) of those columns were measured for a small molecule (toluene) and a series of polystyrenes of different sizes in non-adsorbing conditions. The different contributions to the total HETP including polydispersity were determined experimentally. The longitudinal diffusion and the mass transfer resistance term were obtained from peak parking experiments. The eddy dispersion was obtained from models and experiments. The effect of polydispersity on the HETP values (Hpoly) can thus be calculated from the total HETP by substraction of the other contributions. The results were compared to the Knox model which surestimates the Hpoly values for porous and core-shell particles which is usually explained by an overestimation of the polydispersity index (PDI) given by the manufacturer. The PDI of two polymers (P02, Mw= 690 g.mol-1 and P03, Mw=1380 g.mol-1) was verified by liquid chromatography by separating each fraction of the polymer on the silica columns by using adsorbing conditions which are obtained with a mixture of heptane and THF. The PDI obtained are comparable to the PDI given by the manufacturer meaning that the assumptions made by Knox are not entirely valid. A direct method is proposed in this paper in order to determine Hpoly. In this method the excess of spreading as compared with a polymer with only one size corresponding to the average size is studied assuming the polymer size distribution is gaussian. The Hpoly values obtained by the direct method are comparable to the experimental values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khac-Long Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, MADIREL, UMR 7246, Centre Saint-Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille cedex 20, France; Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Vien Street, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Véronique Wernert
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, MADIREL, UMR 7246, Centre Saint-Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
| | - Renaud Denoyel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, MADIREL, UMR 7246, Centre Saint-Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rehman A, Saleem F, Javed F, Qutab H, Eze VC, Harvey A. Kinetic study for styrene carbonate synthesis via CO2 cycloaddition to styrene oxide using silica-supported pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide catalyst. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
Klimova YA, Asnin LD. Enantioselective adsorption dynamics of leucyl-leucine in a Chirobiotic R column. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461771. [PMID: 33302135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of adsorption of the Leu-Leu stereoisomers in a chromatographic column packed with the Chirobiotic R chiral stationary phase bearing grafted antibiotic ristocetin A was studied by means of measurement and analysis of van Deemter plots. Similar measurements were carried out with weakly retained Gly-Gly for the sake of comparison. The bulk diffusion coefficients of the investigated dipeptides were also determined. It is found that the van Deemter plots of both the Leu-Leu stereoisomers and Gly-Gly have an uncommon convex-upward shape. Besides, the van Deemter B coefficients for the Leu-Leu stereoisomers, but not for Gly-Gly, have unusually high values. It is suggested that a high transcolumn contribution to eddy dispersion, which turned out to be enantioselective, accounts for these findings. Adsorption kinetics of all the dipeptides considered is relatively slow, the adsorption rate constant (kads) being of order of magnitude 20-60 s-1. kads does not depend on the configuration of Leu-Leu stereoisomers, although their affinity toward the chiral selector depends on this factor. This supports the above hypothesis that eddy dispersion is mainly responsible for the observed peculiarities in the dynamic behavior of dipeptides, and adsorption kinetics has secondary importance in this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana A Klimova
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Al., Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid D Asnin
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Al., Perm 614990, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A Novel Method for Streamline-Based Tortuosity Calculation and Investigation of Obstacles Shape Effect on Tortuosity in Porous Media with Random Elliptical Obstacles Using Lattice Boltzmann Method. Transp Porous Media 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-020-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Debenest G, Guibert R, Horgue P, Yang C. Numerical Simulation of Solid Combustion in Microporous Particles. Front Chem 2020; 8:510686. [PMID: 33134267 PMCID: PMC7575792 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.510686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Debenest
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT) - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Gérald Debenest
| | - Romain Guibert
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT) - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Horgue
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT) - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wan F, Sumption MD, Rindfleisch MA, Thong CJ, Tomsic MJ, Collings EW. High performance, advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration (AIMI) MgB 2 wires processed using a vapor-solid reaction route. SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 33:094004. [PMID: 34584345 PMCID: PMC8475808 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6668/ab9ef1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MgB2 superconducting wires made using a Mg infiltration method have reached a higher performance than either in-situ or ex-situ mixed powder based routes. Indeed, very high layer J c coupled with whole-strand J e (critical current per total strand cross section) exceeding 104 A cm-2 at 4.2 K, 10 T have been found for monocore MgB2 wires. However, previous multicore infiltration route wires have not reached their potential for J e due to partially reacted and non-uniform MgB2 layers. This study shows that 18-core MgB2 AIMI wires processed using a low temperature route can attain higher and more uniform J e values due to a more uniform MgB2 reaction layer. The formation of fully reacted, uniform MgB2 layers is attributed to the switch from a liquid-solid to a vapor-solid reaction route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wan
- Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 United States of America
| | - Michael D Sumption
- Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 United States of America
| | | | - C J Thong
- Hyper Tech Research Incorporated, Columbus, OH 43228 United States of America
| | - Michael J Tomsic
- Hyper Tech Research Incorporated, Columbus, OH 43228 United States of America
| | - Edward W Collings
- Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mißfeldt F, Gurikov P, Lölsberg W, Weinrich D, Lied F, Fricke M, Smirnova I. Continuous Supercritical Drying of Aerogel Particles: Proof of Concept. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fynn Mißfeldt
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Lölsberg
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Weinrich
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Fabian Lied
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Marc Fricke
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lawson S, Adebayo B, Robinson C, Al-Naddaf Q, Rownaghi AA, Rezaei F. The effects of cell density and intrinsic porosity on structural properties and adsorption kinetics in 3D-printed zeolite monoliths. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Hochstrasser J, Svidrytski A, Höltzel A, Priamushko T, Kleitz F, Wang W, Kübel C, Tallarek U. Morphology-transport relationships for SBA-15 and KIT-6 ordered mesoporous silicas. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11314-11326. [PMID: 32406894 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative morphology-transport relationships are derived for ordered mesoporous silicas through direct numerical simulation of hindered diffusion in realistic geometrical models of the pore space obtained from physical reconstruction by electron tomography. We monitor accessible porosity and effective diffusion coefficients resulting from steric and hydrodynamic interactions between passive tracers and the pore space confinement as a function of λ = dtracer/dmeso (ratio of tracer diameter to mean mesopore diameter) in SBA-15 (dmeso = 9.1 nm) and KIT-6 (dmeso = 10.5 nm) silica samples. For λ = 0, the pointlike tracers reproduce the true diffusive tortuosities. For 0 ≤λ < 0.5, the derived hindrance factor quantifies the extent to which diffusion of finite-size tracers through the materials is hindered compared with free diffusion in the bulk liquid. The hindrance factor connects the transport properties of the ordered silicas to their mesopore space morphologies and enables quantitative comparison with random mesoporous silicas. Key feature of the ordered silicas is a narrow, symmetric mesopore size distribution (∼10% relative standard deviation), which engenders a sharper decline of the accessible-porosity window with increasing λ than observed for random silicas with their wide, asymmetric mesopore size distributions. As support structures, ordered mesoporous silicas should offer benefits for applications where spatial confinement effects and molecular size-selectivity are of prime importance. On the other hand, random mesoporous silicas enable higher diffusivities for λ > 0.3, because the larger pores carry most of the diffusive flux and keep pathways open when smaller pores have closed off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janika Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dadmohammadi Y, Datta AK. Food as porous media: a review of the dynamics of porous properties during processing. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1761376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younas Dadmohammadi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ashim K. Datta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches towards understanding the sinkholes’ phenomenon in the Dead Sea Basin. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
27
|
Schultze-Jena A, Boon M, de Winter D, Bussmann P, Janssen A, van der Padt A. Predicting intraparticle diffusivity as function of stationary phase characteristics in preparative chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Cusola O, Rojas OJ, Roncero MB. Lignin Particles for Multifunctional Membranes, Antioxidative Microfiltration, Patterning, and 3D Structuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45226-45236. [PMID: 31702895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new type of particle-based membrane based on the combination of lignin particles (LPs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), the latter of which are introduced in small volume fractions to act as networking and adhesive agents. The synergies that are inherent to lignin and cellulose in plants are re-engineered to render materials with low surface energy (contact angle measurements) and can be rendered water-resistant with the aid of wet-strength agents (WSAs). Importantly, they are most suitable for antioxidative separation (ABTS•+ radical inhibition): membranes with uniform porous structures (air permeability and capillary flow porosimetry) allow effluent oxidation at 95 mL/cm2, demonstrating, for the first time, the use of unmodified lignin particles in flexible membranes for active microfiltration. Moreover, the membranes are found to be nonfouling (protein adhesion and activity rate). The inherent properties of lignin, including UV radiation blocking capacity (UV transmittance analysis) and reduced surface energy, are further exploited in the development of tailorable and self-standing architectures that are almost entirely comprised of nonbonding LP (solids content as high as 92 w/w%). Despite such composition, the materials develop high toughness (oscillatory dynamic mechanical analysis), owing to the addition of minor amounts of CNF. Multifunctional materials based on thin films (casting), 3D structures (molding), and patterned geometries (extrusion deposition) are developed as a demonstration of the potential use of lignin particles as precursors of new material generation. Remarkably, our observations hold for spherical LPs since a much poorer performance was observed after using amorphous powder, indicating the role of size and shape in related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cusola
- CELBIOTECH Research Group , Escola Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa , 08222 Terrassa , Spain
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - M Blanca Roncero
- CELBIOTECH Research Group , Escola Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa , 08222 Terrassa , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li S, Wang Y, Zhang K, Qiao C. Diffusion Behavior of Supercritical CO 2 in Micro- to Nanoconfined Pores. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Chenyu Qiao
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Teach Second Law of Thermodynamics via Analysis of Flow through Packed Beds and Consolidated Porous Media. FLUIDS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids4030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The second law of thermodynamics is indispensable in engineering applications. It allows us to determine if a given process is feasible or not, and if the given process is feasible, how efficient or inefficient is the process. Thus, the second law plays a key role in the design and operation of engineering processes, such as steam power plants and refrigeration processes. Nevertheless students often find the second law and its applications most difficult to comprehend. The second law revolves around the concepts of entropy and entropy generation. The feasibility of a process and its efficiency are directly related to entropy generation in the process. As entropy generation occurs in all flow processes due to friction in fluids, fluid mechanics can be used as a tool to teach the second law of thermodynamics and related concepts to students. In this article, flow through packed beds and consolidated porous media is analyzed in terms of entropy generation. The link between entropy generation and mechanical energy dissipation is established in such flows in terms of the directly measurable quantities such as pressure drop. Equations are developed to predict the entropy generation rates in terms of superficial fluid velocity, porous medium characteristics, and fluid properties. The predictions of the proposed equations are presented and discussed. Factors affecting the rate of entropy generation in flow through packed beds and consolidated porous media are identified and explained.
Collapse
|
31
|
Morales-Ugarte JE, Benayad A, Santini CC, Bouchet R. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Lithium Metal Surface Aging in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Performed at Open-Circuit Voltage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21955-21964. [PMID: 31124650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium reactivity toward an electrolytic media and dendrite growth phenomenon constitutes the main drawback for its use as an anode material for the lithium battery technology. Ionic liquids (ILs) were pointed out as promising electrolyte solvent candidates to prevent thermal runaway in a lithium battery system. However, the reactivity of lithium toward such a kind of an electrolyte is still under debate. In this study, the interaction between lithium metal and imidazolium-based ILs, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C1C6ImTFSI) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C1C6ImFSI), has been investigated based on the nondestructive methodology coupling electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in coin cells aged several days at open-circuit voltage. The main components detected by XPS in the bulk separator and at the surface of the lithium metal are the byproducts of cation and anion degradation. Similarities and differences were noticed depending on the anion nature of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide versus bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The role of lithium salt addition (LiTFSI) was also pointed, giving rise to the stability improvement of the electrolytic solution toward the lithium anode. A direct correlation between the resistance of the bulk electrolyte and of the interface electrolyte/lithium and chemical composition changes were established based on a detailed EIS and XPS combined study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Morales-Ugarte
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LITEN , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI , 1130 rue de La Piscine , 38402 St. Martin d'Hères , France
| | - A Benayad
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LITEN , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - C C Santini
- Université Lyon, CNRS-UMR 5265 , 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 , 69616 Villeurbanne , France
| | - R Bouchet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI , 1130 rue de La Piscine , 38402 St. Martin d'Hères , France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), CNRS , 80039 Amiens , France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun W, Chen SL, Xu M, Wei Y, Fan TT, Huang LX, Ma B, Guo J. The measurements of the intrinsic diffusivity in pores and surface diffusivity inside the porous materials in liquid phase. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Schwaminger SP, Begovic B, Schick L, Jumani NA, Brammen MW, Fraga-García P, Berensmeier S. Potential-Controlled Tensiometry: A Tool for Understanding Wetting and Surface Properties of Conductive Powders by Electroimbibition. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14131-14136. [PMID: 30450897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potential-controlled tensiometry is a voltage-induced method which enables measuring the contact angle between a powder bed and a liquid medium through the capillary rise method. This analytical tool provides a fine-grained technique for understanding wetting behavior of powders as well as solid surfaces in connection with the application of an electrical potential. In this work, the powder bed was brought into contact with an aluminum rod connected to a portable lightweight DAC-module (digital to analog converter) powered by a lithium-polymer battery (LiPo). The presented analytical device can be charged up to ±1000 mV. Both the power source and the DAC-module are lightweight in order to be conveniently attached to a force tensiometer without incorporating complex wiring. In this setup, we tested multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and glassy carbon particles. An influence of the potential on the wetting behavior of glassy carbon particles is observed which demonstrates the working principle of the device. Surprisingly, no significant effect of the potential on the wetting behavior of MWCNT is indicated in the range studied. This technique can be a valuable tool to analyze the effect of changing surface properties applying electrical gradients on materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| | - Benedikt Begovic
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| | - Lukas Schick
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| | - N Aisyah Jumani
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany.,Singapore Institute of Technology , 510 Dover Road , Singapore City , Singapore 138683
| | - Markus W Brammen
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstraße 15 , Garching , 85748 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Analysis of microstructure–effective diffusivity relationships for the interparticle pore space in physically reconstructed packed beds. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Li S, Qiao C, Li Z, Hui Y. The effect of permeability on supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient and determination of diffusive tortuosity of porous media under reservoir conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Hindered diffusion of proteins in mixture adsorption on porous anion exchangers and impact on flow-through purification of large proteins. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1585:121-130. [PMID: 30503698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complex adsorption kinetics behaviors of proteins in mixtures hampers chromatographic process development and complicates model-based prediction of separation. We investigated the adsorption characteristics of mixtures comprised of a larger protein (secretory immunoglobulins or thyroglobulin) and a smaller protein (serum albumin or green fluorescence protein) on the small-pore anion exchanger Q Sepharose FF. Confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements revealed that binding of the large protein was extremely slow and eventually stopped completely after the adsorption front penetrated just a few μm into the particle. Binding capacities after 24 h of incubation were nevertheless around 35 mg/mL of particle which is relatively high when considering that only a fraction of the particle was saturated, suggesting that locally-high bound protein concentrations are attained in a layer close to the particle surface. During mixture adsorption, the bound protein layer also significantly hindered diffusion of the smaller proteins into the particles resulting in about three times slower adsorption kinetics compared to single component adsorption. The combined effects of restricted diffusion and protein binding explain why flow-through purification of these mixtures with the small-pore resin Q Sepharose FF is effective under practical conditions. In this resin, diffusion of secretory immunoglobulins (or thyroglobulin) is restricted in the small pores so that despite their intrinsically greater affinity for the resin, much less binds compared to small proteins. Using the large-pore resin POROS 50 HQ results in faster transport, but also in more binding of secretory immunoglobulins (or thyroglobulin) compared to smaller protein impurities, preventing effective flow-through purification.
Collapse
|
37
|
Numerical and analytical investigation of the possibilities to enhance the thermal conductivity of core-shell particle packed beds. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Three dimensional characterisation of chromatography bead internal structure using X-ray computed tomography and focused ion beam microscopy. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Liu W, Chen S, Li S. Random adhesive loose packings of micron-sized particles under a uniform flow field. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Huynh TV, Messinger RJ, Sarou-Kanian V, Fayon F, Bouchet R, Deschamps M. Restricted lithium ion dynamics in PEO-based block copolymer electrolytes measured by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:134902. [PMID: 28987098 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based block copolymer electrolytes is often assumed to be identical to the conductivity of the PEO homopolymer. Here, we use high-field 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) NMR diffusion measurements to probe lithium ion dynamics over nanosecond and millisecond time scales in PEO and polystyrene (PS)-b-PEO-b-PS electrolytes containing the lithium salt LiTFSI. Variable-temperature longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) 7Li NMR relaxation rates were acquired at three magnetic field strengths and quantitatively analyzed for the first time at such fields, enabling us to distinguish two characteristic time scales that describe fluctuations of the 7Li nuclear electric quadrupolar interaction. Fast lithium motions [up to O(ns)] are essentially identical between the two polymer electrolytes, including sub-nanosecond vibrations and local fluctuations of the coordination polyhedra between lithium and nearby oxygen atoms. However, lithium dynamics over longer time scales [O(10 ns) and greater] are slower in the block copolymer compared to the homopolymer, as manifested experimentally by their different transverse 7Li NMR relaxation rates. Restricted dynamics and altered thermodynamic behavior of PEO chains anchored near PS domains likely explain these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Vu Huynh
- CEMHTI, CNRS UPR 3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | | | | | - Franck Fayon
- CEMHTI, CNRS UPR 3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Renaud Bouchet
- LEPMI, CNRS UMR 5279, Universités Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michaël Deschamps
- CEMHTI, CNRS UPR 3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Adamíková J, Antošová M, Polakovič M. A Method of Early Phase Selection of Carrier for Aspergillus Oryzae β
-Galactosidase Immobilization for Galactooligosaccharides Production. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800120. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Adamíková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Monika Antošová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reich SJ, Svidrytski A, Hlushkou D, Stoeckel D, Kübel C, Höltzel A, Tallarek U. Hindrance Factor Expression for Diffusion in Random Mesoporous Adsorbents Obtained from Pore-Scale Simulations in Physical Reconstructions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan-Johannes Reich
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Artur Svidrytski
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Stoeckel
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Höltzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Conder J, Villevieille C, Trabesinger S, Novák P, Gubler L, Bouchet R. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of a Li–S battery: Part 2. Influence of separator chemistry on the lithium electrode/electrolyte interface. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Lassagne A, Beaudoin E, Ferrand A, Phan T, Davidson P, Iojoiu C, Bouchet R. New approach to design solid block copolymer electrolytes for 40 °C lithium metal battery operation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Ferreira ASD, Barreiros S, Cabrita EJ. Probing sol-gel matrices microenvironments by PGSE HR-MAS NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:452-463. [PMID: 26987451 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We applied Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo diffusion with high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR to study sol-gel matrices used to encapsulate enzymes for biocatalysis (TMOS/MTMS and TMOS/BTMS) to gain insight into the local chemical microenvironment. Transport properties of solvents with different polarities (1-pentanol, acetonitrile and n-hexane) were studied through their apparent self-diffusion coefficients. The spin echo attenuation of the solvents shows two distinct diffusion domains, one with fast diffusion (Dfast ) associated with interparticle diffusion and another with slow diffusion (Dslow ) corresponding to the displacement inside the pores within the sol-gel particles. The analysis of the root mean square displacements at different diffusion times showed that the Dfast domain has a free diffusion regime in both matrices (the root mean square displacement is linearly dependent of the diffusion time), while the Dslow domain shows a different regime that depends on the matrix. We investigated the exchange regime between the two diffusion sites. In both matrices, n-hexane was in intermediate exchange between diffusion domains, while the polar solvents were in slow exchange in TMOS/BTMS and in intermediate exchange in TMOS/MTMS. Data were fitted for TMOS/BTMS with the Kärger model, and the physical parameters were obtained. The results add to the evidence that the pores are a hydrophobic environment but that the presence of some free hydrophilic groups inside the pore, as observed in the TMOS/BTMS, has a key role in slowing down the exchange of polar solvents and that this is relevant to explain previously reported enzyme activity in these materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S D Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bryce DA, Kitt JP, Harris JM. Confocal Raman Microscopy Investigation of Molecular Transport into Individual Chromatographic Silica Particles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2755-2763. [PMID: 28192968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porous silica is used as a support in a variety of separation processes, including chromatographic separation and solid-phase extraction. The resolution and efficiency of these applications is significantly impacted by the kinetics of partitioning and molecular transport into the interior of the porous particles. Molecular transport in porous silica has been explored previously by measuring chromatographic elution profiles, but such measurements are limited to relatively low retention conditions, where within-particle molecular transport must be inferred from elution profiles of solutes emerging from a packed column. In this work, a measurement of within-particle molecular transport is carried out using confocal Raman microscopy to probe the time-dependent accumulation of pyrene from an aqueous mobile phase into the center of individual C18-chromatographic particles. The measured time constants for pyrene accumulation were much slower than diffusion-limited transport of solute in solution to the particle surface. Furthermore, the accumulation into the center of the particle did not show a time-lag characteristic of slow-transport into the particle interior. The exponential rise of pyrene concentration is, however, consistent with first-order Langmuir adsorption kinetics at low surface coverages. The linear dependence of the time-constant on particle radius indicates an adsorption barrier near the outer boundary of the particle, where the accumulation rate depends on flux across the boundary (proportional to the particle area) to satisfy the within-particle capacity at equilibrium (proportional to the particle volume). The pyrene accumulation kinetics into the porous particle, expressed as a heterogeneous rate constant, were nearly 50-times faster than the pyrene adsorption rate at a planar C18-functionalized silica surface, which demonstrates the impact of multiple surface encounters within the porous structure leading to much greater capture efficiency compared to a planar surface. Monte Carlo simulations of within-particle pyrene diffusion, with the adsorption efficiency estimated from the planar-surface adsorption rate, predict a diffusion-to-capture distance within the porous particle that is within 40% of that observed in the radial dependence of the pyrene within-particle accumulation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Jay P Kitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Joel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Catani M, Ismail OH, Cavazzini A, Ciogli A, Villani C, Pasti L, Bergantin C, Cabooter D, Desmet G, Gasparrini F, Bell DS. Rationale behind the optimum efficiency of columns packed with new 1.9μm fully porous particles of narrow particle size distribution. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
García EJ, Boulet P, Denoyel R, Anquetil J, Borda G, Kuchta B. Simulation of liquid–liquid interfaces in porous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Zhang D, Zhou W, Li J, Mi Y, Su Z, Ma G. The Construction of an Aqueous Two-Phase System to Solve Weak-Aggregation of Gigaporous Poly(Styrene-Divinyl Benzene) Microspheres. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050142. [PMID: 30979260 PMCID: PMC6432032 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gigaporous poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) microspheres made via the surfactant reverse micelles swelling method had a controllable pore size of 100⁻500 nm. These microspheres had unique advantages in biomacromolecule separation and enzymes immobilization. However, the obtained microspheres adhered to each other in the preparation process. Though the weak aggregation could be re-dispersed easily by mechanical force, it will be difficult to scale up. By analyzing the formation mechanism of the aggregates, a method was presented to rebuild the interface between the internal aqueous channel and the external continuous phase by constructing an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Based on the ATPS, the method of emulsification, stirring speed, and surfactant concentration in oil phase were optimized. Under the optimum condition (screen emulsification method, 120 rpm for polymerization and 55% surfactant), the microspheres with a controllable particle size of 10⁻40 μm and a pore size of about 150 nm were obtained. This new method could significantly decrease the weak-aggregation of microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiqing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Juan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yace Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiguo Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Guanghui Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khabbazi AE, Hinebaugh J, Bazylak A. Determining the impact of rectangular grain aspect ratio on tortuosity–porosity correlations of two-dimensional stochastically generated porous media. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|