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Cucinotta L, Rotondo A, Coppolino C, Irrera E, Duarte LA, Cipriano RR, Amaral WD, Loureiro W, Deschamps C, Bizzo HR, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Mondello L, Salerno TMG. Gas chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic approaches for a deep characterization of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth essential oil from Brazil. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465208. [PMID: 39088897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth essential oil (EO) is a natural source of bioactive components, having multiple therapeutic applications. Its chemical composition is highly variable, and strictly depends on abiotic factors, resulting in various biological activities. The present study details the utilization of multiple gas chromatographic techniques alongside nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize the essential oil of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth from Brazil. Seventy-six components were identified using GC-MS analysis, while enantio‑selective multidimensional gas chromatography elucidated the enantiomeric distribution of eight chiral components, for the first time in the literature. Following GC-MS analysis, an unidentified component, constituting approximately 27 % of the total oil, prompted an isolation step through preparative gas chromatography. Through the combined use of nuclear magnetic resonance, GC-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry (MS), the unknown molecule was structurally identified as 4-[(3E)‑dec-3-en-1-yl]phenol. Remarkably, it was identified as a known molecule, gibbilimbol B, and not previously listed in any MS database. Subsequently, the spectrum was included in a commercial library, specifically the FFNSC 4.0 MS database, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Coppolino
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Irrera
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Laura A Duarte
- Department of Crop Science and Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roger R Cipriano
- Department of Crop Science and Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Department of Crop Science and Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wilson Loureiro
- Department of Crop Science and Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cicero Deschamps
- Department of Crop Science and Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos - Avenida das Américas, 29501, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Paola Donato
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Tania Maria Grazia Salerno
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
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2
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De Grazia G, Cucinotta L, Sciarrone D, Donato P, Trovato E, Riad N, Hattab ME, Mondello L, Rotondo A. Preparative three-dimensional GC and nuclear magnetic resonance for the isolation and identification of two sesquiterpene ethers from Dictyota Dichotoma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300261. [PMID: 37386802 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Separation science plays a crucial role in the isolation of novel compounds contained in complex matrices. Yet their rationale employment needs preliminary structure elucidation, which usually requires sufficient aliquots of grade substances to characterize the molecule by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In this study, two peculiar oxa-tricycloundecane ethers were isolated by means of preparative multidimensional gas chromatography from the brown alga species Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lam., aiming to assign their 3D structures. Density functional theory simulations were carried out to select the correct configurational species matching the experimental NMR data (in terms of enantiomeric couples). In this case, the theoretical approach was crucial as the protonic signal overlap and spectral overcrowding were preventing any other unambiguous structural information. Just after the identification through the density functional theory data matching of the correct relative configuration it was possible to verify an enhanced self-consistency with the experimental data, confirming the stereochemistry. The results obtained further pave the way toward structure elucidation of highly asymmetric molecules, whose configuration cannot be inferred by other means or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nacera Riad
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Chromaleont S.R.L., University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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3
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Expanding the Knowledge Related to Flavors and Fragrances by Means of Three-Dimensional Preparative Gas Chromatography and Molecular Spectroscopy. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As universally known, gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) allows us to acquire spectra that can be searched in specific databases to attain qualitative information on a peak of interest. When not present in databases, structure elucidation is required before including a new component in a library: from that moment, scientists all around the world will be able to identify the new molecule with analytical confidence after GC-MS analysis. Conversely, if data are not shared in commercial databases, even if a molecule is studied and elucidated, it appears to be unknown or only identifiable on the basis of third-party data taken from the literature, which is a serious limitation. The present paper deals with a case that confirms this assumption. A component of Myrtus communis L. volatile fraction was tentatively identified based on literature data. Despite this, reliable identification could not be achieved due to the lack of a corresponding spectrum in commercial MS databases. Afterwards, the target component was isolated in a reasonable quantity and with a high degree of purity for downstream characterization by spectroscopic techniques. For this purpose, preparative (prep) GC may appear insufficient for the isolation of volatile components from highly complex samples. In this study, a prep-MDGC system was implemented for the isolation of the compound of interest from myrtle oil, consisting of three wide-bore columns of different selectivity coupled by means of Deans switch transfer devices. Based on the NMR and GC-FTIR data acquired, the unknown compound was identified as 2,2,5,5,7,7-hexamethyl-3,7-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4,6(2H,5H)-dione. Noticeably, this is a known molecule, yet its mass spectrum had never been registered into MS databases and thus was not available to the scientific community. Finally, the spectrum was included for the first time in a commercial library, namely the FFNSC 5.0 MS database. The aim of the present study was to highlight the opportunity to make analytical data quickly available in a reliable way by registering them in searchable MS databases to improve the identification means for researchers all over the world.
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Novaes FJM, Marriott PJ. Cryogenic trapping as a versatile approach for sample handling, enrichment and multidimensional analysis in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1644:462135. [PMID: 33839448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic methods - those that employ cryogenic fluids/gases but also other approaches to generate reduced temperature - are versatile, functional and relatively easily implemented as part of a total gas chromatographic method. The general utility of a cold region is almost invariably as a trapping or focussing step, to collect analyte into a sharp zone. The success in effectively trapping analyte depends on analyte volatility and the temperature of the cold region. Analytes collection into a sorbent phase supported by cryotrapping usually provide a greater capacity trapping for the sorption step. Stripping analyte from a sample into a cryogenic trap, with subsequent introduction to GC as in a purge-and-trap method, sample introduction into an injector with incorporation of a cooling zone, manipulation and management of chromatographic bands during chromatography elution such as employed in multidimensional gas chromatography, and focussing analyte just prior to the detector, all have the same goal of concentrating the band, reducing its dispersion, and maximising response. This review summarises various approaches that demonstrate how cryogenic methods have been incorporated into gas chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Junior Moreira Novaes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Química, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A, 6° Andar, Sala 626, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Philip John Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Ionic liquids as gas chromatographic stationary phases: how can they change food and natural product analyses? Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:17-25. [PMID: 31838558 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The volatile fraction of natural products often consists of complex mixtures of isomeric and/or homologous components with similar structural and physical characteristics (e.g. mono- and sesquiterpenoids) that are not easy to separate simultaneously with conventional GC stationary phases, even when used with multidimensional systems. The introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) as stationary phases has opened up new perspectives in this field as their unique solvation properties result in uncommon selectivity, which is completely different to that of classic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)- and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based columns. Because of their peculiar selectivity and high inertness, IL-based columns have already found several applications in the natural product field in mono- and multidimensional GC and preparative GC, leading to the exhaustive analysis of complex samples (including aqueous solutions), and the separation of challenging pair(s) of compounds. This article provides an overview of how IL-based columns can be exploited in the fields of food and natural products, explores the wide range of applications that have already been developed and highlights the main features of these promising stationary phases, which are expected to be further extended in the near future, in particular, for routine use. Graphical abstract.
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, De Grazia G, Rotondo A, Alibrando F, Cipriano RR, Bizzo H, Deschamps C, Sidisky LM, Mondello L. Collection and identification of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora essential oil exploiting a multidimensional preparative three-GC system employing apolar, mid-polar and ionic liquid stationary phases. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:101-114. [PMID: 31120047 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present research deals with the collection and structural elucidation of an unknown component, accounting for about 35% of the essential oil obtained upon distillation of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., harvested during summer (January, 2017) in Paraná State (Southern Brazil). A multidimensional gas chromatographic preparative system, based on the coupling of three GC systems equipped with apolar, PEG and ionic liquid-based stationary phases, was successfully applied for the isolation of the chromatographic band relative to the unknown molecule. The use of wide-bore columns allowed for an increased sample capacity compared to conventional micro-bore columns, thus the injection of a neat sample was feasible, greatly reducing the total collection time. A higher chromatographic efficiency was afforded by the use of a multidimensional approach in the heart-cut mode, exploiting the different selectivity of three stationary phases, which ensured the attainment of a highly pure fraction. In only five runs, more than 3 milligrams were collected, with an average purity greater then 95%. Finally, the unknown component was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and condensed phase Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, leading to the identification of 6-ethenyl-6-methyl-3,5-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one. The presented approach has been demonstrated to be effective for the isolation and structural elucidation of unknown molecules in complex samples, which will allow for further in-depth studies, like biological evaluation or pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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7
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Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 1: Technical Developments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Pollo BJ, Alexandrino GL, Augusto F, Hantao LW. The impact of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography on oil & gas analysis: Recent advances and applications in petroleum industry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, Zoccali M, Donato P, Vita F, Creti D, Alpi A, Mondello L. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry/Quadrupole MS with a Low-Bleed Ionic Liquid Secondary Column for the Authentication of Truffles and Products Containing Truffle. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6610-6617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Schepis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donato Creti
- Enrico Giotti S.p.A., a Subsidiary of McCormick & Company, Inc., Via Pisana 592, 50018, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Alpi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, Laboratorio di Fisiologia Vegetale, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., Via Leonardo Sciascia CoopFede, Pal. B, 98168, Messina, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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10
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Nolvachai Y, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Sciarrone D, Giuffrida D, Rotondo A, Micalizzi G, Zoccali M, Pantò S, Donato P, Rodrigues-das-Dores RG, Mondello L. Quali-quantitative characterization of the volatile constituents in Cordia verbenacea D.C. essential oil exploiting advanced chromatographic approaches and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:246-253. [PMID: 29030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cordia verbenacea D.C. (Boraginaceae, Varronia curassavica Jacq. synonym) is a medicinal plant, native from Brazil, especially the leaves are used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to extend the characterization of the volatile fraction of the essential oil obtained from this plant, by using GC-FID, GC-MS, and chiral GC. Moreover, to further clarify the composition of the volatile fraction, preparative multidimensional-GC (prep-MDGC) was used to collect unknown compounds, followed by NMR characterization. Specifically, the chemical characterization, both qualitative and quantitative, of the volatile fraction of the essential oil obtained from Cordia verbenacea cultivated in the Minas Gerais area (central area of Brazil) was investigated for the first time. The principal components from a quantitative point of view were α-pinene (25.32%; 24.48g/100g) and α-santalene (17.90%; 17.30g/100g), belonging to the terpenes family. Chiral-GC data are reported for the enantiomeric distribution of 7 different components. Last, to obtain the complete characterization of the essential oil constituents, prep-MDGC analysis was used to attain the isolation of two compounds, not present in the principal MS databases, which were unambiguously identified by NMR investigation as (E)-α-santalal and (E)-α-bergamotenal, reported for the first time in Cordia verbenacea essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosana Goncalves Rodrigues-das-Dores
- Laboratorio de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapicos, Centro de Saude, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Jonker W, Zwart N, Stöckl JB, de Koning S, Schaap J, Lamoree MH, Somsen GW, Hamers T, Kool J. Continuous fraction collection of gas chromatographic separations with parallel mass spectrometric detection applied to cell-based bioactivity analysis. Talanta 2017; 168:162-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Donato P, Mondello L. Improving the productivity of a multidimensional chromatographic preparative system by collecting pure chemicals after each of three chromatographic dimensions. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:80-85. [PMID: 27863713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced sample collection capability of a heart-cutting three-dimensional GC-prep system is reported. In its original configuration, a highly pure component can be usually collected after the last (3D) column outlet by means of a dedicated preparative station. The latter is located after the last chromatographic column, and this poses the requirement for multiple heart cuts even for those components showing satisfactory degree of purity after the first (or second) separation dimension. The feasibility to collect pure components after each chromatographic dimension is here described, employing a three-dimension MDGC system equipped with high-temperature valves, located inside the first and second GC ovens, with the aim to improve the productivity of the collection procedure. In addition to a commercial preparative collector located at the 3D outlet, two laboratory-made collection systems were applied in the first and second dimension, reached by the effluent to be collected trough a high-temperature valve switching the heart-cut fraction between either the detector (FID), or the collector. Highly pure sesquiterpene components were collected, namely: patchouli alcohol after the first column [poly(5% diphenyl/95% dimethylsiloxane)], α-bulnesene after a second column coated with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and α-guaiene after an ionic-liquid based column (SLB-IL60), used as the third dimension. Purity levels ranging from 85 to 95% were achieved with an average collection recovery of 90% (n=5). The following average amounts were collected per run: 160μg for α-guaiene, 295μg for α-bulnesene, and 496μg for patchouli alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Characterization of thermal desorption with the Deans-switch technique in gas chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:107-14. [PMID: 27492597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel application based on the Deans-switch cutting technique to characterize the thermal-desorption (TD) properties for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Flash-heating of the sorbent bed at high temperatures to desorb trapped VOCs to GC may easily produce severe asymmetric or tailing GC peaks affecting resolution and sensitivity if care is not taken to optimize the TD conditions. The TD peak without GC separation was first examined for the quality of the TD peak by analyzing a standard gas mixture from C2 to C12 at ppb level. The Deans switch was later applied in two different stages. First, it was used to cut the trailing tail of the TD peak, which, although significantly improved the GC peak symmetry, led to more loss of the higher boiling compounds than the low boiling ones, thus suggesting compound discrimination. Subsequently, the Deans switch was used to dissect the TD peak into six 30s slices in series, and an uneven distribution in composition between the slices were found. A progressive decrease in low boiling compounds and increase in higher boiling ones across the slices indicated severe inhomogeneity in the TD profile. This finding provided a clear evidence to answer the discrimination problem found with the tail cutting approach to improve peak symmetry. Through the use of the innovated slicing method based on the Deans-switch cutting technique, optimization of TD injection for highly resolved, symmetric and non-discriminated GC peaks can now be more quantitatively assessed and guided.
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16
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Pons A, Lavigne V, Darriet P, Dubourdieu D. Identification and analysis of piperitone in red wines. Food Chem 2016; 206:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Grasso E, Dugo P, Mondello L. Enhanced resolution of Mentha piperita
volatile fraction using a novel medium-polarity ionic liquid gas chromatography stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Elisa Grasso
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
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18
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Performance evaluation of a versatile multidimensional chromatographic preparative system based on three-dimensional gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-two-dimensional gas chromatography for the collection of volatile constituents. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1417:96-103. [PMID: 26410184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present research deals with the multi-collection of the most important sesquiterpene alcohols belonging to sandalwood essential oil, as reported by the international regulations: (Z)-α-santalol, (Z)-α-trans bergamotol, (Z)-β-santalol, epi-(Z)-β-santalol, α-bisabolol, (Z)-lanceol, and (Z)-nuciferol. A versatile multidimensional preparative system, based on the hyphenation of liquid and gas chromatography techniques, was operated in the LC-GC-GC-prep or GC-GC-GC-prep configuration, depending on the concentration to be collected from the sample, without any hardware or software modification. The system was equipped with a silica LC column in combination with polyethylene glycol-poly(5% diphenyl/95% dimethylsiloxane)-medium polarity ionic liquid or β-cyclodextrin based GC stationary phases. The GC-GC-GC-prep configuration was exploited for the collection of four components, by using a conventional split/splitless injector, while the LC-GC-GC-prep approach was applied for three low abundant components (<5%), in order to increase the quantity collected within a single run, by the LC injection of a high sample amount. All target compounds, whose determination is hampered by the unavailability of commercial standards, were collected at milligram levels and with a high degree of purity (>87%).
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19
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Ragonese C, Dugo P, Mondello L. Evolution and status of preparative gas chromatography as a green sample-preparation technique. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Review of the role and methodology of high resolution approaches in aroma analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 854:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Gas chromatography on wall-coated open-tubular columns with ionic liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:87-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Chin ST, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography beyond simple volatiles separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8819-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid isolation of high solute amounts using an online four-dimensional preparative system: normal phase-liquid chromatography coupled to methyl siloxane-ionic liquid-wax phase gas chromatography. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4295-301. [PMID: 24725161 DOI: 10.1021/ac404078u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the recent evolution of a multidimensional GC-GC-GC preparative system, now combined with an online LC preseparation step, operated under normal phase conditions. It is herein shown that the four-dimensional instrument can collect sample components with a concentration lower than 10%, in a short time period, while maintaining a high level of analyte purity. The LC dimension allows (I) the injection of higher sample amounts, compared to "direct" GC injection; (II) a polarity-based preseparation, leading to the GC injection of simplified subsamples, and thus reducing the possibility of coelutions; (III) to eliminate the essential-oil "matrix", replacing it with the LC mobile phase (the GC system is more protected from potential contamination); (IV) the LC mobile phase is of much lower viscosity with respect to a pure, or highly concentrated essential oil, avoiding difficulties in the syringe sample withdrawal process, prior to GC injection. System optimization was performed by using standard solutions; in addition, a very complex sample, namely, vetiver essential oil, was subjected to the preparative process, with the scope of isolating two low-amount constituents (namely, α-amorphene and β-vetivone). The latter two sesquiterpenoids, which accounted for 1.7 and 4.0% of the sample (considering the volatiles), respectively, were successfully collected at the milligram level, in a one-day work period, with a purity degree in excess of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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24
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Rodríguez-Sánchez S, Galindo-Iranzo P, Soria AC, Sanz ML, Quintanilla-López JE, Lebrón-Aguilar R. Characterization by the solvation parameter model of the retention properties of commercial ionic liquid columns for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1326:96-102. [PMID: 24373774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, four commercial ionic liquid columns (SLB-IL59, SLB-IL76, SLB-IL82 and SLB-IL100) for gas chromatography have been comprehensively evaluated in terms of efficiency, polarity and solvation properties. Grob tests and McReynolds constants showed that they were all high-efficiency columns of high polarity, but with low inertness to compounds with hydrogen bonding capabilities. The solvation parameter model was used to characterize the solvation interactions of the four columns in the 80-160°C temperature range. Results revealed that all the ionic liquids studied can be considered moderately hydrogen-bond acid and highly cohesive stationary phases, on which the dominant contributions to retention were the dipolar-type and hydrogen-bond base interactions, while π-π and n-π interactions were barely significant. The SLB-IL59 column provided the best separation of homologs, while the SLB-IL76 and SLB-IL100 columns had the most basic and the most acidic phases, respectively. A principal component analysis for the commonly used stationary phases in capillary GC showed that these commercial ionic liquid columns fill an empty area of the available selectivity space, which clearly enhances the separation capacity of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Galindo-Iranzo
- Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A C Soria
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J E Quintanilla-López
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Lebrón-Aguilar
- Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Rotondo A, Tedone L, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid collection and identification of a novel component from Clausena lansium Skeels leaves by means of three-dimensional preparative gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance/infrared/mass spectrometric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Quantitative preparative gas chromatography of caffeine with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1774-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Zuo HL, Yang FQ, Huang WH, Xia ZN. Preparative gas chromatography and its applications. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:704-15. [PMID: 23592825 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although hundreds of papers related to preparative gas chromatography (pGC) have been published since the late 1950s, the success of the GC technique has largely been associated with analytical instead of preparative purposes. Actually, pGC is an ideal alternative technique for the preparation of pure substances, especially volatile compounds. This paper reviews the papers (written in English) associated with pGC published over the period from the 1950s to the 2010s. For large scale preparation, large sample injection and vaporization, a high loading capacity column, a gas splitter at the end of the column and a special collecting device are fundamentally important for a pGC system. The primary components of pGC system, including injector, column, splitter, detector and collection traps, are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the applications of pGC in the separation and purification of volatile compounds from natural essential oils, in addition to the purification of isotopes, isomers and enantiomers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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28
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Bucar F, Wube A, Schmid M. Natural product isolation – how to get from biological material to pure compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:525-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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