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Liu A, Yang L, Yang Y, Lei S, Li Z, He P. Simultaneous detection of glycinin and β-conglycinin in processed soybean products by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled standard peptides. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113387. [PMID: 37803724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycinin and β-conglycinin are the two main allergic proteins in soybean. Due to their complex structures and lack of protein standards, it is difficult to achieve quantitative determination of these proteins in soybeans. In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five subunits of glycinin (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) and three subunits of β-conglycinin (α, α', and β) in processed soybean products based on 8 specific peptides and their stable isotope-labeled peptides. Here, each specific peptide was derived from one of the above 8 subunits. When soy protein was extracted and digested with trypsin, 8 specific peptides, and corresponding stable isotope-labeled peptides were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The linear range for the specific peptides was between 3.2 and 1000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.9955). The recoveries of added peptides ranged from 83.4% to 117.8%, and the intra-day precisions (% CV) were below 17.4%. The limit of quantification of each subunit of glycinin and β-conglycinin in processed soybean products (in terms of protein amount) was between 15.1 and 156.1 g/g. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 8 subunits of glycinin and β-conglycinin in 68 different processed soybean products, which provides technical support for processed product quality evaluation and monitoring soybean processing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Luqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Siqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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2
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Caño-Carrillo I, Gilbert-López B, Montero L, Martínez-Piernas AB, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Comprehensive and heart-cutting multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its applications in food analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37056215 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In food analysis, conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods sometimes lack sufficient separation power due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the analyzed matrices. Therefore, the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) turns out to be a powerful tool to consider, especially when coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This review presents the most remarkable 2D-LC-MS food applications reported in the last 10 years, including a critical discussion of the multiple approaches, modulation strategies as well as the importance of the optimization of the different analytical aspects that will condition the 2D-LC-MS performance. The presence of contaminants in food (food safety), the food quality, and authenticity or the relationship between the beneficial effects of food and human health are some of the fields in which most of the 2D-LC-MS applications are mainly focused. Both heart-cutting and comprehensive applications are described and discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of 2D-LC-MS for the analysis of such complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caño-Carrillo
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lidia Montero
- Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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3
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Caño-Carrillo I, Gilbert-López B, Montero L, Martínez-Piernas AB, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Comprehensive and heart-cutting multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its applications in food analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37010157 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In food analysis, conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods sometimes lack sufficient separation power due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the analysed matrices. Therefore, the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) turns out to be a powerful tool to consider, especially when coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This review presents the most remarkable 2D-LC-MS food applications reported in the last 10 years, including a critical discussion of the multiple approaches, modulation strategies as well as the importance of the optimisation of the different analytical aspects that will condition the 2D-LC-MS performance. The presence of contaminants in food (food safety), the food quality and authenticity or the relationship between the beneficial effects of food and human health are some of the fields in which most of the 2D-LC-MS applications are mainly focused. Both heart-cutting and comprehensive applications are described and discussed in this review, highlighting the potential of 2D-LC-MS for the analysis of such complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caño-Carrillo
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lidia Montero
- Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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4
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Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Ignatova AA, Ovchinnikova TV. Do Lipids Influence Gastrointestinal Processing: A Case Study of Major Soybean Allergen Gly m 4. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100754. [PMID: 34677520 PMCID: PMC8537068 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that Gly m 4, one of the major soybean allergens, could pass through the Caco-2 epithelial barrier and have proposed a mechanism of sensitization. However, it is not known yet whether Gly m 4 can reach the intestine in its intact form after digestion in stomach. In the present work, we studied an influence of various factors including lipids (fatty acids and lysolipids) on digestibility of Gly m 4. Using fluorescent and CD spectroscopies, we showed that Gly m 4 interacted with oleic acid and LPPG (lyso-palmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol), but its binding affinity greatly decreased under acidic conditions, probably due to the protein denaturation. The mimicking of gastric digestion revealed that Gly m 4 digestibility could be significantly reduced with the change of pH value and pepsin-to-allergen ratio, as well as by the presence of LPPG. We suggested that the protective effect of LPPG was unlikely associated with the allergen binding, but rather connected to the pepsin inhibition due to the lipid interaction with its catalytic site. As a result, we assumed that, under certain conditions, the intact Gly m 4 might be able to reach the human intestine and thereby could be responsible for allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.M.); (I.V.B.); (A.A.I.); (T.V.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-335-42-00
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.M.); (I.V.B.); (A.A.I.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.M.); (I.V.B.); (A.A.I.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Anastasia A. Ignatova
- M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.M.); (I.V.B.); (A.A.I.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.M.); (I.V.B.); (A.A.I.); (T.V.O.)
- Department of Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8–2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Arena K, Mandolfino F, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Multidimensional liquid chromatography approaches for analysis of food contaminants. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:17-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Filippo Mandolfino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment University Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
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6
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Montero L, Herrero M. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography approaches in Foodomics – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1083:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Jia H, Zhou T, Zhu H, Shen L, He P. Quantification of Gly m 5.0101 in Soybean and Soy Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 24:E68. [PMID: 30585221 PMCID: PMC6337133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gly m 5.0101, the alpha subunit of β-conglycinin, is one of the major allergens found in soybeans that has been identified as causing an allergic reaction. Here, we developed a quantification method of Gly m 5.0101 with multiple reaction monitoring using the synthetic peptide 194NPFLFGSNR202 as the external standard. Firstly, the ground soybean was defatted and extracted with a protein extraction buffer. Then the crude extract was on-filter digested by trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The selected peptide exhibited a detection limit of 0.48 ng/mL and a linear relationship in a concentration range from 1.6 to 500 ng/mL (r² > 0.99). The developed method was successfully applied to quantify the Gly m 5.0101 level in dozens of soybean varieties from different sources and soybean products derived from different processing techniques. The developed method could be used to further analyze β-conglycinin in soybean seeds combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tianjiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
- Logistics School, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Yoshimitsu M, Kiyota K, Kajimura K, Yamano T. Development of an LC-MS/MS-based analytical method for quantification of soybean allergen Gly m 4 in soybean grains and processed foods. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1540553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kiyota
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajimura
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamano
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Gu S, Chen N, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Zhan L, Qu L, Cao C, Han L, Deng X, Ding T, Song C, Ding Y. A rapid solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous screening of multiple allergens in chocolates. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hill RC, Oman TJ, Wang X, Shan G, Schafer B, Herman RA, Tobias R, Shippar J, Malayappan B, Sheng L, Xu A, Bradshaw J. Development, Validation, and Interlaboratory Evaluation of a Quantitative Multiplexing Method To Assess Levels of Ten Endogenous Allergens in Soybean Seed and Its Application to Field Trials Spanning Three Growing Seasons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5531-5544. [PMID: 28635260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
As part of the regulatory approval process in Europe, comparison of endogenous soybean allergen levels between genetically engineered (GE) and non-GE plants has been requested. A quantitative multiplex analytical method using tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated to measure 10 potential soybean allergens from soybean seed. The analytical method was implemented at six laboratories to demonstrate the robustness of the method and further applied to three soybean field studies across multiple growing seasons (including 21 non-GE soybean varieties) to assess the natural variation of allergen levels. The results show environmental factors contribute more than genetic factors to the large variation in allergen abundance (2- to 50-fold between environmental replicates) as well as a large contribution of Gly m 5 and Gly m 6 to the total allergen profile, calling into question the scientific rational for measurement of endogenous allergen levels between GE and non-GE varieties in the safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Hill
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Trent J Oman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Guomin Shan
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Barry Schafer
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Rowel Tobias
- EAG Laboratories , 4780 Discovery Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Jeff Shippar
- Covance Laboratories , 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Bhaskar Malayappan
- Critical Path Services LLC , 3070 McCann Farm Drive, Garnet Valley, Pennsylvania 19060, United States
| | - Li Sheng
- EPL Bioanalytical Services , 9095 W. Harristown Blvd, Niantic, Illinois 62551, United States
| | - Austin Xu
- Primera Analytical Solutions , 259 Wall Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jason Bradshaw
- Pyxant Laboratories , 4720 Forge Road #106, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907, United States
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11
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Purification and Quantification of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor in Soybean Using Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Costa J, Amaral JS, Grazina L, Oliveira MBPP, Mafra I. Matrix-normalised real-time PCR approach to quantify soybean as a potential food allergen as affected by thermal processing. Food Chem 2017; 221:1843-1850. [PMID: 27979171 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The addition of soybean protein materials to meat products is a common practice in the food industry, being a potential hidden allergenic commodity. This study aimed at proposing a novel specific and highly sensitive real-time PCR system for the detection/quantification of soybean as an allergenic ingredient in processed meat products. The method achieved a limit of detection of 9.8pg of soybean DNA (8.6 copies), with adequate real-time PCR performance parameters, regardless of the soybean material (concentrate or isolate) and after thermal treatments. A normalised approach was also proposed in the range of 0.001-10% (w/w) of soybean material in pork meat, which was successfully validated and applied to processed meat products. Soybean was identified in more than 40% of tested samples of cooked ham and mortadella in the range of 0.1-4% (w/w), 3 samples not complying with labelling regulations as a result of undeclared soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana S Amaral
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grazina
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Selb R, Wal JM, Moreno FJ, Lovik M, Mills C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Fernandez A. Assessment of endogenous allergenicity of genetically modified plants exemplified by soybean - Where do we stand? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:139-148. [PMID: 28111299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
According to EU regulation, genetically modified (GM) plants considered to be allergenic have to be assessed concerning their endogenous allergens before placement on the EU market, in line with the international standards described in Codex Alimentarius. Under such premises, a quantitative relevant increase in allergens might occur in GM plants as an unintended effect compared with conventionally produced crops, which could pose a risk to consumers. Currently, data showing a connection between dose and allergic sensitisation are scarce since the pathophysiological mechanisms of sensitisation are insufficiently understood. In contrast, data on population dose-distribution relationships acquired by oral food challenge are available showing a connection between quantity of allergenic protein consumed and the population of allergic individuals experiencing reactions. Soybean is currently the only recognised allergenic GM food by law for which EFSA has received applications and was therefore taken as an example for defining an assessment strategy. Identification of potential allergens, methodology for quantification as well as risk assessment considerations, are discussed. A strategy is proposed for the identification, assessment and evaluation of potential hazards/risks concerning endogenous allergenicity in food derived from plants developed by biotechnology. This approach could be expanded to other allergenic foods in the future, whenever required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Selb
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - J M Wal
- INRA-CEA, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F J Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lovik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Fernandez
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
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14
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Geng T, Stojšin D, Liu K, Schaalje B, Postin C, Ward J, Wang Y, Liu ZL, Li B, Glenn K. Natural Variability of Allergen Levels in Conventional Soybeans: Assessing Variation across North and South America from Five Production Years. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:463-472. [PMID: 27997188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is one of eight major allergenic foods with endogenous proteins identified as allergens. To better understand the natural variability of five soybean allergens (Gly m 4, Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m Bd 28k, and Gly m Bd 30k), validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. These ELISAs measured allergens in 604 soybean samples collected from locations in North and South America over five growing seasons (2009-2013/2014) and including 37 conventional varieties. Levels of these five allergens varied 5-19-fold. Multivariate statistical analyses and pairwise comparisons show that environmental factors have a larger effect on allergen levels than genetic factors. Therefore, from year to year, consumers are exposed to highly variable levels of allergens in soy-based foods, bringing into question whether quantitative comparison of endogenous allergen levels of new genetically modified soybean adds meaningful information to their overall safety risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Duška Stojšin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kang Liu
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Bruce Schaalje
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Cody Postin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Jason Ward
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Zi Lucy Liu
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kevin Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
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15
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Costa J, Fernandes TJ, Villa C, P.P. Oliveira MB, Mafra I. Advances in Food Allergen Analysis. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Holzhauser T, Franke A, Treudler R, Schmiedeknecht A, Randow S, Becker WM, Lidholm J, Vieths S, Simon JC. The BASALIT multicenter trial: Gly m 4 quantification for consistency control of challenge meal batches and toward Gly m 4 threshold data. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27748994 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The BASALIT clinical trial (EudraCT 2009-011737-27) investigated efficacy of birch allergen immunotherapy on lowest observed adverse effect levels after soy food challenge in patients with birch-associated and Gly m 4 allergen mediated soy allergy. Thus, consistently stable Gly m 4 levels were required in standardized challenge meals. METHODS AND RESULTS Soy meal included soy protein isolate (SPI, 88% total protein). A Gly m 4 specific ELISA was developed and validated. Six SPIs and 24 meal batches were analyzed for Gly m 4. (Repeated-measures) analyses of variance were done to identify potential changes between batches and time intervals. Gly m 4 was below the ELISA detection limit (2 ng/mL) in placebo batches. With <20% mean coefficient of variation, Gly m 4 levels were consistent in 24 soy meal batches and within individual 12-wk shelf-life. CONCLUSION The novel Gly m 4 specific ELISA proved consistency of challenge meal batches over a 56-month study period. With an average of 178 μg/g Gly m 4 in SPI, Gly m 4 lowest observed adverse effect level can be calculated once clinical lowest observed adverse effect level data based on SPI are available. Hence, sensitivity of patients can be correlated to the relevant allergen content instead of total protein of the allergenic source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annegret Franke
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Meinhard Becker
- Division of Clinical & Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jonas Lidholm
- Allergens Unit, ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Zimmer J, Vieths S, Kaul S. Standardization and Regulation of Allergen Products in the European Union. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26874849 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Product-specific standardization is of prime importance to ensure persistent quality, safety, and efficacy of allergen products. The regulatory framework in the EU has induced great advancements in the field in the last years although national implementation still remains heterogeneous. Scores of methods for quantification of individual allergen molecules are developed each year and also the challenging characterization of chemically modified allergen products is progressing. However, despite the unquestionable increase in knowledge and the subsequent improvements in control of quality parameters of allergen products, an important aim has not been reached yet, namely cross-product comparability. Still, comparison of allergen product potency, either based on total allergenic activity or individual allergen molecule content, is not possible due to a lack of standard reference preparations in conjunction with validated standard methods. This review aims at presenting the most recent developments in product-specific standardization as well as activities to facilitate cross-product comparability in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kaul
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Abstract
This article summarizes the most important developments in the use of 2D-LC for bioanalysis in the last 5 years. While several interesting and powerful applications have been developed recently, this work has been supported by continued, significant development of theoretical concepts, instrument development and practical aspects of method development. Some of the most exciting applications have been focused on the use of 2D-LC and characterize proteins both as biotherapeutic drug substances, and in formulations. These materials are inherently complex, difficult to resolve chromatographically and present problems that are essentially unknown (e.g., aggregation) in the small molecule world, thus 2D-LC can be leveraged very effectively to address these challenges.
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Fan S, Jiang L, Wu J, Dong L, Cheng Q, Xu P, Zhang S. A Novel Pathogenesis-Related Class 10 Protein Gly m 4l, Increases Resistance upon Phytophthora sojae Infection in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140364. [PMID: 26474489 PMCID: PMC4608668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a destructive disease in many soybean planting regions worldwide. In a previous study, an expressed sequence tag (EST) homolog of the major allergen Pru ar 1 in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was identified up-regulated in the highly resistant soybean 'Suinong 10' infected with P. sojae. Here, the full length of the EST was isolated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It showed the highest homology of 53.46% with Gly m 4 after comparison with the eight soybean allergen families reported and was named Gly m 4-like (Gly m 4l, GenBank accession no. HQ913577.1). The cDNA full length of Gly m 4l was 707 bp containing a 474 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 157 amino acids. Sequence analysis suggests that Gly m 4l contains a conserved 'P-loop' (phosphate-binding loop) motif at residues 47-55 aa and a Bet v 1 domain at residues 87-120 aa. The transcript abundance of Gly m 4l was significantly induced by P. sojae, salicylic acid (SA), NaCl, and also responded to methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and ethylene (ET). The recombinant Gly m 4l protein showed RNase activity and displayed directly antimicrobial activity that inhibited hyphal growth and reduced zoospore release in P. sojae. Further analyses showed that the RNase activity of the recombinant protein to degrading tRNA was significantly affected in the presence of zeatin. Over-expression of Gly m 4l in susceptible 'Dongnong 50' soybean showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae. These results indicated that Gly m 4l protein played an important role in the defense of soybean against P. sojae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Geng T, Liu K, Frazier R, Shi L, Bell E, Glenn K, Ward JM. Development of a Sandwich ELISA for Quantification of Gly m 4, a Soybean Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4947-53. [PMID: 25946567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gly m 4 is a key soybean allergen that causes allergic symptoms in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract of sensitive individuals. To understand naturally variable levels of Gly m 4 among conventional soybean varieties, a sandwich ELISA was developed and validated using a mouse anti-Gly m 4 monoclonal antibody and a goat anti-Gly m 4 polyclonal antibody as capture and detection antibodies, respectively. The ELISA shows high specificity to Gly m 4 without any cross-reactivity to other soybean proteins and has a quantification range of 7.8-250 ng/mL using an Escherichia coli-produced recombinant Gly m 4, with 2.1 ng/mL being the limit of detection. Within the quantification range, the coefficients of variation of the intra-assay and interassay precision are less than 5 and 12%, respectively. Moreover, extraction efficiency and dilutional parallelism experiments were completed to demonstrate the assay is accurate. The validated assay was used to quantify Gly m 4 levels in 128 soybean samples from 24 conventional soybean varieties grown at 8 distinct geographical locations. There was a 13-fold difference between the least and greatest amounts of Gly m 4 concentrations among the samples, and the results demonstrate that the most significant sources of variability in Gly m 4 levels in the conventional varieties were related to location and variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kang Liu
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Ronald Frazier
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Lifang Shi
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Erin Bell
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Kevin Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
| | - Jason M Ward
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States
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21
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Zheng L, Fu Y, Jiang X, Man S, Ran W, Feng M, Liu S, Cheng X, Sui G. Microfluidic system for high-throughput immunoglobulin-E analysis from clinical serum samples. Talanta 2015; 143:83-89. [PMID: 26078132 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and high-throughput analytical techniques for IgE that requires a small serum amount are very important, especially for pediatric patients. In these patients, blood is collected from veins, which is painful compared to fingertip blood collection. Herein, a novel microfluidic system capable of high-throughput parallel analyses of allergen-specific IgE from small amounts of patient serum was successfully developed. A six-plex immunoassay was constructed within a microfluidic chip, and the entire system was validated using samples from clinical patients. Major antigens from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis), cat (Felis domesticus), fungus (Cladosporium herbarum), ragweed (Humulus japonicas), and tree pollen (Platanus acerifolia) were used as analysis targets. Sample consumption decreased to <0.05 µL compared with the 480µL serum consumption by fluoroenzyme immunoassay (UniCAP system Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden), the 50 µL serum consumption by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), or the 1.5 µL serum consumption by conventional protein chip analysis. Analysis duration, reagent cost, and total cost for each measurement were also considerably decreased. The assay showed good accuracy and sensitivity toward the clinical samples. A significant correlation of allergen-specific IgE levels was found among the microfluidic assay, UniCAP system, and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Suqin Man
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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22
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Ladics GS, Budziszewski GJ, Herman RA, Herouet-Guicheney C, Joshi S, Lipscomb EA, McClain S, Ward JM. Measurement of endogenous allergens in genetically modified soybeans--short communication. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:75-9. [PMID: 24945742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of endogenous allergens is required by the European Commission (EC) as part of the compositional analysis for GM products from host plants that are common causes of food allergy, such as soybean (EC Implementing Regulation No. 503/2013). In each case, the EC Implementing Regulation indicates that analysis be conducted on identified allergens as specified in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) consensus documents on compositional considerations for new plant varieties. This communication discusses the methods available to measure endogenous allergens as well as the endogenous soybean allergens that should be analyzed. It is suggested herein that in conjunction with the 2012 OECD consensus document on soybean, any list of soybean allergens should be based on clinically relevant data among publicly available allergen databases and peer-reviewed scientific publications, and the ability to measure the identified allergen. Based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature, the following key points are recommended: (1) the acceptance of serum-free, quantitative analytical method data as an alternative to traditional IgE reactivity qualitative or semi-quantitative data for evaluation of endogenous soybean allergen content; (2) eight of the 15 potential allergens listed in the OECD soybean consensus document (Gly m 3, Gly m 4, Gly m Bd28K, Gly m Bd30K, Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m 8, and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor) have both appropriate supporting clinical data and sufficient sequence information to be evaluated in comparative endogenous soybean allergen studies; and (3) the remaining seven proteins (Gly m 1, Gly m 2, unknown 50kDa protein, unknown 39kDa protein, P-22-25, lipoxygenase and lectin) lack sufficient data for clear classification as confirmed allergens and/or available sequence information and should not be currently included in the measurement of endogenous soybean allergens in the compositional analysis for the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Ladics
- DuPont Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803-0400, USA.
| | | | - Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46077, USA
| | | | - Saurabh Joshi
- Monsanto Company, Product Characterization Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | | | - Scott McClain
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 3054 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jason M Ward
- Monsanto Company, Product Characterization Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
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23
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Kuppannan K, Julka S, Karnoup A, Dielman D, Schafer B. 2DLC-UV/MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of intact soybean allergens Gly m 4 and hydrophobic protein from soybean (HPS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4884-92. [PMID: 24837073 DOI: 10.1021/jf500087s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Top-down approaches for quantification of proteins based on separation and mass spectrometric assays hold promise due to their high specificity and avoidance of both proteolytic steps and need for generation of monoclonal antibodies. In this study, a 2DLC-UV/MS assay was developed for the simultaneous quantification of two intact soybean allergens, hydrophobic protein from soybean (HPS) and Gly m 4. Both of these allergens were purified from soybean seeds followed by complete characterization. The method validation consisted of evaluating linearity, precision, and recovery. A linear relationship (R(2) > 0.99) between concentrations of the two proteins and their respective peak areas was observed over the concentration ranges from 6.9 to 355.1 μg/mL and from 11.9 to 599.8 μg/mL for Gly m 4 and HPS, respectively. For the 4 day validation study, precision range (%CV) was observed to be from 4.7 to 9.2% for HPS and from 6.3 to 9.4% for Gly m 4. The assay recovery range (%RE) was observed to be from -1.1 to -13.7% for HPS and from -3.5 to 15.2% for Gly m 4. The assay was applied on 10 non-transgenic commercial lines to quantify the relative levels of the two allergens. The HPS and Gly m 4 levels ranged from 64 to 479 μg/g and from 204 to 637 μg/g, respectively. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first 2DLC-UV/MS assay for the simultaneous quantitation of selected allergens at the intact level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kuppannan
- Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
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24
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Johnson PE, Marsh JT, Mills ENC. Mass Spectrometry-based Quantification of Proteins and Peptides in Food. QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626985-00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of quantitative proteomics to food analysis is in its infancy. This is partly due to the diverse range of plant and animal species consumed as foods, many of which are not sequenced, making annotation of food proteomes difficult. In addition food processing procedures and interactions with other food components, such as lipids and starch, introduce a diverse range of chemical and conformational changes to proteins, many of which are poorly defined. Mass spectrometry-based molecular profiling has great potential as quality assurance tool for food authenticity and traceability, safety and quality. A driver for the application of quantitative protein mass spectrometry-based methods to food has been the need to develop confirmatory methods for allergen analysis in support of food allergen labelling regulations. In addition to providing rigorous quantitative methodology for complex biomacromolecules, protein mass spectrometry is also allowing us, for the first time, to discover how processing procedures modify the foods we eat at a molecular level. Such knowledge is essential if we are to understand how food processing can be used to optimise the beneficial health effects of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil E. Johnson
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester UK
| | - Justin T. Marsh
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester UK
| | - E. N. Clare Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester UK
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25
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Liu H, Ma L, Xu S, Hua W, Ouyang J. Using metal nanoparticles as a visual sensor for the discrimination of proteins. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3531-3537. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence of metal NPs is changed differently upon binding to a protein-in gel, forming a visual sensor for protein discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shenghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Beijing Ditan Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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26
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Fernandez A, Mills E, Lovik M, Spoek A, Germini A, Mikalsen A, Wal J. Endogenous allergens and compositional analysis in the allergenicity assessment of genetically modified plants. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Wang W, Qi C, Kang TF, Niu Y, Jin G, Ge YQ, Chen Y. Analysis of the Interaction between Tropomyosin Allergens and Antibodies Using a Biosensor Based on Imaging Ellipsometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4446-52. [PMID: 23517013 DOI: 10.1021/ac303783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Agro-product Safety Research
Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, #3, Gaobeidian North Rd., Beijing 100123, China
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cai Qi
- Agro-product Safety Research
Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, #3, Gaobeidian North Rd., Beijing 100123, China
- Institute
of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, #3, Gaobeidian
North Rd., Beijing 100123, China
| | - Teng-fei Kang
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #15, Beisihuan West Rd.,
Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #15, Beisihuan West Rd.,
Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #15, Beisihuan West Rd.,
Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi-qiang Ge
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Agro-product Safety Research
Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, #3, Gaobeidian North Rd., Beijing 100123, China
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