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Wieser W, Assaf AA, Le Gouic B, Dechandol E, Herve L, Louineau T, Dib OH, Gonçalves O, Titica M, Couzinet-Mossion A, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bittel M, Thouand G. Development and Application of an Automated Raman Sensor for Bioprocess Monitoring: From the Laboratory to an Algae Production Platform. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9746. [PMID: 38139592 PMCID: PMC10747176 DOI: 10.3390/s23249746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae provide valuable bio-components with economic and environmental benefits. The monitoring of microalgal production is mostly performed using different sensors and analytical methods that, although very powerful, are limited to qualified users. This study proposes an automated Raman spectroscopy-based sensor for the online monitoring of microalgal production. For this purpose, an in situ system with a sampling station was made of a light-tight optical chamber connected to a Raman probe. Microalgal cultures were routed to this chamber by pipes connected to pumps and valves controlled and programmed by a computer. The developed approach was evaluated on Parachlorella kessleri under different culture conditions at a laboratory and an industrial algal platform. As a result, more than 4000 Raman spectra were generated and analysed by statistical methods. These spectra reflected the physiological state of the cells and demonstrate the ability of the developed sensor to monitor the physiology of microalgal cells and their intracellular molecules of interest in a complex production environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiviane Wieser
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
- Tronico-Alcen, 26 rue du Bocage, F-85660 Saint-Philbert-De-Bouaine, France;
| | - Antony Ali Assaf
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Benjamin Le Gouic
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Dechandol
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Laura Herve
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Thomas Louineau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Omar Hussein Dib
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (O.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mariana Titica
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (O.G.); (M.T.)
| | | | | | - Marine Bittel
- Tronico-Alcen, 26 rue du Bocage, F-85660 Saint-Philbert-De-Bouaine, France;
| | - Gerald Thouand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
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2
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Lyu Y, Yuan X, Glidle A, Fu Y, Furusho H, Yang T, Yin H. Automated Raman based cell sorting with 3D microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4235-4245. [PMID: 33057530 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raman activated cell sorting has emerged as a label-free technology that can link phenotypic function with genotypic properties of cells. However, its broad implementation is limited by challenges associated with throughput and the complexity of biological systems. Here, we describe a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic system for a fully automated, continuous Raman activated cell sorting (3D-RACS). The system consists of a 3D printed detection chamber (1 mm3) that is integrated with a PDMS based sorting unit, optical sensors and an in-line collection module. It has the ability to precisely position cells in the detection chamber for Raman measurements, effectively eliminating spectroscopic interference from the device materials. This enables the sorting of a range of cell sizes (from 1 μm bacteria to 10's μm mammalian cells) with stable operation over >8 hours and high throughput. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, Raman-activated sorting of mixtures of Chlorella vulgaris and E. coli has demonstrated a purity level of 92.0% at a throughput of 310 cells per min. The platform employed in this demonstration features a simple "Raman window" detection system, enabling it to be built on a standard, inverted microscope. Together with its facile and robust operation, it provides a versatile tool for function-based flow cytometry and sorting applications in the fields of microbiology, biotechnology, life science and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Lyu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK. and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Optoelectronic Information Technology, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaofei Yuan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK. and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Andrew Glidle
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Yuchen Fu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Hitoshi Furusho
- Nissan Chemical Ltd., 5-1, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Optoelectronic Information Technology, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Huabing Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
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3
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Lin YS, Tsang S, Bensalem S, Tsai CC, Chen SJ, Sun CL, Lopes F, Le Pioufle B, Wang HY. Electrorotation of single microalgae cells during lipid accumulation for assessing cellular dielectric properties and total lipid contents. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112772. [PMID: 33232922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae not only perform fixation of carbon dioxide but also produce valuable byproducts such as lipids and pigments. However, due to the lack of effective tools for rapid and noninvasive analysis of microalgal cellular contents, the efficiency of strain screening and culture optimizing is usually quite low. This study applied single-cell electrorotation on Scenedesmus abundans to assess cellular dielectric properties during lipid accumulation and to promptly quantify total cellular contents. The experimental electrorotation spectra were fitted with the double-shell ellipsoidal model, which considered varying cell wall thickness, to obtain the dielectric properties of cellular compartments. When the amount of total lipids increased from 15.3 wt% to 33.8 wt%, the conductivity and relative permittivity of the inner core (composed of the cytoplasm, lipid droplets, and nucleus) decreased by 21.7% and 22.5%, respectively. These dielectric properties were further used to estimate the total cellular lipid contents by the general mixing formula, and the estimated values agreed with those obtained by weighing dry biomass and extracted lipids with an error as low as 0.22 wt%. Additionally, the conductivity and relative permittivity of cell wall increased during nitrogen-starvation conditions, indicating the thickening of cell wall, which was validated by the transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, SATIE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Sung Tsang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sakina Bensalem
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, SATIE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France; CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Ching-Chu Tsai
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, LUMIN, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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4
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Ramanome technology platform for label-free screening and sorting of microbial cell factories at single-cell resolution. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Fast non-invasive monitoring of microalgal physiological stage in photobioreactors through Raman spectroscopy. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Microwell-assisted filtration with anodic aluminum oxide membrane for Raman analysis of algal cells. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Podevin M, Fotidis IA, Angelidaki I. Microalgal process-monitoring based on high-selectivity spectroscopy tools: status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:704-718. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Podevin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A. Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Moudříková Š, Sadowsky A, Metzger S, Nedbal L, Mettler-Altmann T, Mojzeš P. Quantification of Polyphosphate in Microalgae by Raman Microscopy and by a Reference Enzymatic Assay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12006-12013. [PMID: 29099580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphates have occurred in living cells early in evolution and microalgae contain these important polymers in their cells. Progress in research of polyphosphate metabolism of these ecologically as well as biotechnologically important microorganisms is hampered by the lack of rapid quantification methods. Experiments with the green alga Chlorella vulgaris presented here compared polyphosphate extraction in water, methanol-chloroform, and phenol-chloroform followed by polyphosphate purification by binding to silica columns or ethanol precipitation. The phenol-chloroform extraction of C. vulgaris followed by ethanol precipitation of polyphosphate was shown to be superior to the other tested method variants. Recovery test of added polyphosphate standard to algal biomass showed that the method is accurate. Using this biochemical assay as a validated reference, we show that 2-dimensional, confocal Raman microscopy can serve as a linear proxy for polyphosphate in C. vulgaris with R2 up to 0.956. With this, polyphosphate quantification can be shortened by use of Raman microscopy from days to hours and, additionally, information about intracellular distribution of polyphosphate and heterogeneity among individual cells in algal culture can be obtained. This offers new insights into the dynamics and role of these polymers crucial for phosphorus uptake and storage. This analytical capability is of particular practical importance because algae aid phosphorus sequestration from wastewater and the thus enriched biomass may serve as organic fertilizer. Both these applications have a strong potential in a future sustainable, circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Moudříková
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Sadowsky
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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9
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Li K, Cheng J, Ye Q, He Y, Zhou J, Cen K. In vivo kinetics of lipids and astaxanthin evolution in Haematococcus pluvialis mutant under 15% CO 2 using Raman microspectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1439-1444. [PMID: 28533068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of lipids and astaxanthin evolution in Haematococcus pluvialis mutant induced with 15% CO2 and high light intensity were monitored with high spatial resolution in a non-destructive and label-free manner using single-cell Raman imaging. Astaxanthin intensity increased by 3.5 times within 12h under 15% CO2, and the accumulation rate was 5.8 times higher than that under air. Lipids intensity under 15% CO2 was 27% higher than that under air. The lipids initially concentrated in chloroplast under 15% CO2 due to an increase of directly photosynthetic fatty acid, which was different from the whole-cell dispersed lipids under air. Astaxanthin produced in chloroplast first accumulated around nucleus and then spread in cytoplasmic lipids under both air and 15% CO2. The calculation results of kinetic models for lipids and astaxanthin evolutions showed that accumulation rate of lipids was much higher than that of astaxanthin in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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Zhang P, Li Z, Lu L, Xiao Y, Liu J, Guo J, Fang F. Effects of stepwise nitrogen depletion on carotenoid content, fluorescence parameters and the cellular stoichiometry of Chlorella vulgaris. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 181:30-38. [PMID: 28319796 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressful conditions can stimulate the accumulation of carotenoids in some microalgae. To obtain more knowledge of the stress response, we studied the effects of different N concentrations on unicellular content of carotenoids using Raman spectroscopic technique; cellular stoichiometric changes and the fluorescence parameters of Chlorella vulgaris were concomitantly studied. Initially, we optimized the Raman scattering conditions and demonstrated the feasibility of unicellular carotenoid analysis by Raman spectroscopic technique. The results showed that an integration time of 10 s, laser power at 0.1mW and an accumulation time of 1 were the optimum conditions, and the peak height at 1523cm-1 scaled linearly with the carotenoid content in the range of 0.625-1440mg/L with a recovery rate of 97%~103%. In the experiment, seven different nitrogen levels ranging from 0 to 2.48×105μg/L were imposed. Samples were taken at the start, exponential phase and end of the experiment. The results showed that nitrogen stress can facilitate the synthesis of carotenoids, while at the same time, excessive nitrogen stress led to lower proliferative and photosynthetic activity. Compared with carotenoids, chlorophylls were more sensitive to nitrogen stress; it declined dramatically as stress processed. There existed no significant differences for Fv/Fm among different nitrogen levels during the exponential phase, while in the end, it declined and a significant difference appeared between cells in 2.48×105μg/L N and other experimental levels. Photosynthetic efficiency, namely the C/N mole ratio in algal cells, didnot significantly change during the exponential phase; however, apparent increases ultimately occurred, except for the stable C/N in BG11 medium. This increase matched well with the carotenoid decline, indicating that an increasing cellular C/N mole ratio can be used as an indicator of excessive stress in carotenoid production. Besides, there also existed an inverse correlation with ETRmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China.
| | - Lunhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714,China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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11
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Moudříková Š, Mojzeš P, Zachleder V, Pfaff C, Behrendt D, Nedbal L. Raman and fluorescence microscopy sensing energy-transducing and energy-storing structures in microalgae. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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A rapid and accurate quantification method for real-time dynamic analysis of cellular lipids during microalgal fermentation processes in Chlorella protothecoides with low field nuclear magnetic resonance. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 124:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Peng LH, Unnikrishnan B, Shih CY, Hsiung TM, Chang J, Hsu PH, Chiu TC, Huang CC. Identification of Microalgae by Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multiple Nanomatrices. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:283-292. [PMID: 26842733 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a simple method to identify microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using three different substrates: HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe nanostructures. The fragmentation/ionization processes of complex molecules in algae varied according to the heat absorption and transfer efficiency of the nanostructured matrices (NMs). Therefore, the mass spectra obtained for microalgae showed different patterns of m/z values for different NMs. The spectra contained both significant and nonsignificant peaks. Constructing a Venn diagram with the significant peaks obtained for algae when using HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe NMs in m/z ratio range 100-1000, a unique relationship among the three sets of values was obtained. This unique relationship of sets is different for each species of microalgae. Therefore, by observing the particular relationship of sets, we successfully identified different algae such as Isochrysis galbana, Emiliania huxleyi, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nannochloris sp., Skeletonema cf. costatum, and Tetraselmis chui. This simple and cost-effective SALDI-MS analysis method coupled with multi-nanomaterials as substrates may be extended to identify other microalgae and microorganisms in real samples. Graphical Abstract Identification of microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry coupled with three different mercury-based nanosubstrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hsiang Peng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Shih
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ming Hsiung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung, 95092, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Shao Y, Jiang L, Pan J, He Y. Identification of pesticide varieties and concentrations by detecting characteristics ofChlorella pyrenoidosa. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:885-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - L. Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - J. Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Y. He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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15
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Havlik I, Scheper T, Reardon KF. Monitoring of Microalgal Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 153:89-142. [PMID: 26289537 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Process monitoring, which can be defined as the measurement of process variables with the smallest possible delay, is combined with process models to form the basis for successful process control. Minimizing the measurement delay leads inevitably to employing online, in situ sensors where possible, preferably using noninvasive measurement methods with stable, low-cost sensors. Microalgal processes have similarities to traditional bioprocesses but also have unique monitoring requirements. In general, variables to be monitored in microalgal processes can be categorized as physical, chemical, and biological, and they are measured in gaseous, liquid, and solid (biological) phases. Physical and chemical process variables can be usually monitored online using standard industrial sensors. The monitoring of biological process variables, however, relies mostly on sensors developed and validated using laboratory-scale systems or uses offline methods because of difficulties in developing suitable online sensors. Here, we review current technologies for online, in situ monitoring of all types of process parameters of microalgal cultivations, with a focus on monitoring of biological parameters. We discuss newly introduced methods for measuring biological parameters that could be possibly adapted for routine online use, should be preferably noninvasive, and are based on approaches that have been proven in other bioprocesses. New sensor types for measuring physicochemical parameters using optical methods or ion-specific field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are also discussed. Reviewed methods with online implementation or online potential include measurement of irradiance, biomass concentration by optical density and image analysis, cell count, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth rate, lipid concentration by infrared spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Future perspectives are discussed, especially in the field of image analysis using in situ microscopy, infrared spectrophotometry, and software sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Havlik
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Near-real-time analysis of the phenotypic responses of Escherichia coli to 1-butanol exposure using Raman Spectroscopy. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:3983-91. [PMID: 25157078 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01590-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was used to study the time course of phenotypic responses of Escherichia coli (DH5α) to 1-butanol exposure (1.2% [vol/vol]). Raman spectroscopy is of interest for bacterial phenotyping because it can be performed (i) in near real time, (ii) with minimal sample preparation (label-free), and (iii) with minimal spectral interference from water. Traditional off-line analytical methodologies were applied to both 1-butanol-treated and control cells to draw correlations with Raman data. Here, distinct sets of Raman bands are presented that characterize phenotypic traits of E. coli with maximized correlation to off-line measurements. In addition, the observed time course phenotypic responses of E. coli to 1.2% (vol/vol) 1-butanol exposure included the following: (i) decreased saturated fatty acids levels, (ii) retention of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of cyclopropane fatty acids, (iii) increased membrane fluidity following the initial response of increased rigidity, and (iv) no changes in total protein content or protein-derived amino acid composition. For most phenotypic traits, correlation coefficients between Raman spectroscopy and traditional off-line analytical approaches exceeded 0.75, and major trends were captured. The results suggest that near-real-time Raman spectroscopy is suitable for approximating metabolic and physiological phenotyping of bacterial cells subjected to toxic environmental conditions.
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Unravelling the matrix effect of fresh sampled cells for in vivo unbiased FTIR determination of the absolute concentration of total lipid content of microalgae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Polymer dots for quantifying the total hydrophobic pathogenic lysates in a single drop. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 115:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang T, Ji Y, Wang Y, Jia J, Li J, Huang S, Han D, Hu Q, Huang WE, Xu J. Quantitative dynamics of triacylglycerol accumulation in microalgae populations at single-cell resolution revealed by Raman microspectroscopy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:58. [PMID: 24716544 PMCID: PMC4022372 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid, real-time and label-free measurement of the cellular contents of biofuel molecules such as triacylglycerol (TAG) in populations at single-cell resolution are important for bioprocess control and understanding of the population heterogeneity. Raman microspectroscopy can directly detect the changes of metabolite profile in a cell and thus can potentially serve these purposes. RESULTS Single-cell Raman spectra (SCRS) of the unicellular oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica from the cultures under nitrogen depletion (TAG-producing condition) and nitrogen repletion (non-TAG-producing condition) were sampled at eight time points during the first 96 hours upon the onset of nitrogen depletion. Single N. oceanica cells were captured by a 532-nm laser and the SCRS were acquired by the same laser within one second per cell. Using chemometric methods, the SCRS were able to discriminate cells between nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-depleted conditions at as early as 6 hours with >93.3% accuracy, and among the eight time points under nitrogen depletion with >90.4% accuracy. Quantitative prediction of TAG content in single cells was achieved and validated via SCRS and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis at population level. SCRS revealed the dynamics of heterogeneity in TAG production among cells in each isogenic population. A significant negative correlation between TAG content and lipid unsaturation degree in individual microalgae cells was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SCRS can serve as a label-free and non-invasive proxy for quantitatively tracking and screening cellular TAG content in real-time at single-cell level. Phenotypic comparison of single cells via SCRS should also help investigating the mechanisms of functional heterogeneity within a cellular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yuetong Ji
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jing Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Laboratory for Algae Research and Biotechnology, College of Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7417 E. Unity Avenue, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Laboratory for Algae Research and Biotechnology, College of Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7417 E. Unity Avenue, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Wei E Huang
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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Lee TH, Chang JS, Wang HY. Current developments in high-throughput analysis for microalgae cellular contents. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1301-14. [PMID: 24123972 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels and bio-based chemical production. However, due to the lack of effective tools enabling rapid and high-throughput analysis of the content of microalgae biomass, the efficiency of screening and identification of microalgae with desired functional components from the natural environment is usually quite low. Moreover, the real-time monitoring of the production of target components from microalgae is also difficult. Recently, research efforts focusing on overcoming this limitation have started. In this review, the recent development of high-throughput methods for analyzing microalgae cellular contents is summarized. The future prospects and impacts of these detection methods in microalgae-related processing and industries are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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